CHAPTER 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
CHAPTER 2
LICENCE TO OPERATE THE SIMULATION TOOL FOR THE PURPOSES OF TYPE-APPROVAL WITH REGARD TO EMISSIONS AND VEHICLE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE INFORMATION
CHAPTER 3
OPERATION OF THE SIMULATION TOOL WITH A VIEW TO DETERMINING THE CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR THE PURPOSES OF REGISTRATION, SALE AND ENTRY INTO SERVICE OF NEW VEHICLES
CHAPTER 4
CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION RELATED PROPERTIES OF COMPONENTS, SEPARATE TECHNICAL UNITS AND SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 5
CONFORMITY OF SIMULATION TOOL OPERATION, INPUT INFORMATION AND INPUT DATA
CHAPTER 6
FINAL PROVISIONS
1.Classification of the vehicles for the purpose of this Regulation...1.1Classification of vehicles of category N 1.The processes to be set up by the vehicle manufacturer...1.1.The manufacturer shall set up at least the following processes:...2.Assessment by the approval authority 2.1.The approval authority shall verify whether the processes set out...SECTION I1Name and address of manufacturer: 2Assembly plants for which the processes referred to in point...3Vehicle groups covered: 4Name and address of the manufacturer's representative (if any) SECTION II1.Additional information 1.1.Data and process flow handling description (e.g. flow chart) 1.2Description of quality management process 1.3Additional quality management certificates (if any) 1.4Description of simulation tool data sourcing, handling and storage 1.5Additional documents (if any) 2.Date: … 3.Signature: … Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm) LICENCE TO OPERATE THE SIMULATION TOOL WITH A VIEW TO...SECTION I0.1 Name and address of manufacturer: 0.1Name and address of manufacturer: 0.2Assembly plants for which the processes referred to in point...0.3Vehicle groups covered: SECTION II1. Additional information 1.1 Assessment report performed by an approval...1.Additional information 1.1Assessment report performed by an approval authority 1.2.Data and process flow handling description (e.g. flow chart) 1.3.Description of quality management process 1.4.Additional quality management certificates (if any) 1.5.Description of simulation tool data sourcing, handling and storage 1.6Additional documents (if any) 2.Approval authority responsible for carrying out the assessment 3.Date of the assessment report 4.Number of assessment report report 5.Remarks (if any): see Addendum 6.Place 7.Date 8.Signature 1.Introduction 2.Definitions 3.Set of input parameters 4.Vehicle mass 4.1The vehicle mass used as input for the simulation tool...4.2If not all the standard equipment is installed, the manufacturer...4.3The weight of the construction elements referred to in point...5.Hydraulically and mechanically driven axles 6.Gear dependent engine torque limits set by vehicle control 7.Vehicle specific engine idling speed 7.1.The engine idling speed has to be declared in VECTO...PART I
Vehicle CO2 emissions and fuel consumption – Manufacturer's records file
1.Vehicle, component, separate technical unit and systems data 1.1.Vehicle data 1.1.1.Name and address of manufacturer 1.1.2.Vehicle model 1.1.3.Vehicle identification number (VIN) … 1.1.4.Vehicle category (N1 N2, N3, M1, M2, M3) … 1.1.5.Axle configuration … 1.1.6.Max. gross vehicle weight (t) … 1.1.7.Vehicle group in accordance with Table 1 … 1.1.8.Corrected actual curb mass (kg) … 1.2.Main engine specifications 1.2.1.Engine model 1.2.2.Engine certification number … 1.2.3.Engine rated power (kW) … 1.2.4.Engine idling speed (1/min) … 1.2.5.Engine rated speed (1/min) … 1.2.6.Engine capacity (ltr) … 1.2.7.Engine reference fuel type (diesel/LPG/CNG …) … 1.2.8.Hash of the fuel map file/document … 1.3.Main transmission specifications 1.3.1.Transmission model 1.3.2.Transmission certification number … 1.3.3.Main option used for generation of loss maps (Option1/Option2/Option3/Stnadard values)...1.3.4.Transmission type (SMT, AMT, APT-S,APT-P) … 1.3.5.Nr. of gears … 1.3.6.Transmission ratio final gear … 1.3.7.Retarder type … 1.3.8.Power take off (yes/no) … 1.3.9.Hash of the efficiency map file/document … 1.4.Retarder specifications 1.4.1.Retarder model 1.4.2.Retarder certification number … 1.4.3.Certification option used for generation of a loss map (standard...1.4.4.Hash of the efficiency map file/document … 1.5.Torque converter specification 1.5.1.Torque converter model 1.5.2.Torque converter certification number … 1.5.3.Certification option used for generation of a loss map (standard...1.5.4.Hash of the efficiency map file/document … 1.6.Angle drive specifications 1.6.1.Angle drive model 1.6.2.Axle certification number … 1.6.3.Certification option used for generation of a loss map (standard...1.6.4.Angle drive ratio … 1.6.5.Hash of the efficiency map file/document … 1.7.Axle specifications 1.7.1.Axle model … 1.7.2.Axle certification number … 1.7.3.Certification option used for generation of a loss map (standard...1.7.4.Axle type (e.g. standard single driven axle) … 1.7.5.Axle ratio … 1.7.6.Hash of the efficiency map file/document … 1.8.Aerodynamics 1.8.1.Model 1.8.2.Certification option used for generation of CdxA (standard values /measurement)...1.8.3.CdxA Certification number (if applicable) … 1.8.4.CdxA value … 1.8.5.Hash of the efficiency map file/document … 1.9.Main tyre specifications 1.9.1.Tyre dimension axle 1 … 1.9.2.Tyre certification number … 1.9.3.Specific RRC of all tyres on axle 1 … 1.9.4.Tyre dimension axle 2 … 1.9.5.Twin axle (yes/no) axle 2 … 1.9.6.Tyre certification number … 1.9.7.Specific RRC of all tyres on axle 2 … 1.9.8.Tyre dimension axle 3 … 1.9.9.Twin axle (yes/no) axle 3 … 1.9.10.Tyre certification number … 1.9.11.Specific RRC of all tyres on axle 3 … 1.9.12.Tyre dimension axle 4 … 1.9.13.Twin axle (yes/no) axle 4 … 1.9.14.Tyre certification number … 1.9.15.Specific RRC of all tyres on axle 4 … 1.10.Main auxiliary specifications 1.10.1.Engine cooling fan technology … 1.10.2.Steering pump technology … 1.10.3.Electric system technology … 1.10.4.Pneumatic system technology … 1.11.Engine torque limitations 1.11.1.Engine torque limit at gear 1 (% of max engine...1.11.2.Engine torque limit at gear 2 (% of max engine...1.11.3.Engine torque limit at gear 3 (% of max engine...1.11.4.Engine torque limit at gear … (% of max engine...2.Mission profile and loading dependent values 2.1.Simulation parameters (for each profile/load/fuel combination) 2.1.1.Mission profile (long haul/regional/urban/municipal/construction) … 2.1.2.Load (as defined in the simulation tool) (kg) … 2.1.3.Fuel (diesel/petrol/LPG/CNG/…) … 2.1.4.Total vehicle mass in simulation (kg) … 2.2.Vehicle driving performance and information for simulation quality check 2.2.1.Average speed (km/h) … 2.2.2.Minimum instantaneous speed (km/h) … 2.2.3.Maximum instantaneous speed (km/h) … 2.2.4.Maximum deceleration (m/s2) … 2.2.5.Maximum acceleration (m/s2) … 2.2.6.Full load percentage on driving time … 2.2.7.Total number of gear shifts … 2.2.8.Total driven distance (km) … 2.3.Fuel and CO2 results 2.3.1.Fuel consumption (g/km) … 2.3.2.Fuel consumption (g/t-km) … 2.3.3.Fuel consumption (g/p-km) … 2.3.4.Fuel consumption (g/m3-km) … 2.3.5.Fuel consumption (l/100km) … 2.3.6.Fuel consumption (l/t-km) … 2.3.7.Fuel consumption (l/p-km) … 2.3.8.Fuel consumption (l/m3-km) … 2.3.9.Fuel consumption (MJ/km) … 2.3.10.Fuel consumption (MJ/t-km) … 2.3.11.Fuel consumption (MJ/p-km) … 2.3.12.Fuel consumption (MJ/m3-km) … 2.3.13.CO2 (g/km) … 2.3.14.CO2 (g/t-km) … 2.3.15.CO2 (g/p-km) … 2.3.16.CO2 (g/m3-km) … 3.Software and user information 3.1.Software and user information 3.1.1.Simulation tool version (X.X.X) … 3.1.2.Date and time of the simulation 3.1.3.Hash of simulation tool input information and input data …...3.1.4.Hash of simulation tool result … PART II
Vehicle CO2 emissions and fuel consumption - Customer information file
1.Vehicle, component, separate technical unit and systems data 1.1.Vehicle data 1.1.1.Vehicle identification number (VIN) … 1.1.2.Vehicle category (N1 N2, N3, M1, M2, M3) … 1.1.3.Axle configuration … 1.1.4.Max. gross vehicle weight (t) … 1.1.5.Vehicle's group … 1.1.6.Name and address of manufacturer … 1.1.7.Make (trade name of manufacturer) … 1.1.8.Corrected actual curb mass (kg) … 1.2.Component, separate technical unit and systems data 1.2.1.Engine rated power (kW) … 1.2.2.Engine capacity (ltr) … 1.2.3.Engine reference fuel type (diesel/LPG/CNG…) … 1.2.4.Transmission values (measured/standard) … 1.2.5.Transmission type (SMT, AMT, AT-S, AT-S) … 1.2.6.Nr. of gears … 1.2.7.Retarder (yes/no) … 1.2.8.Axle ratio … 1.2.9.Avarage rolling resistance coefficient (RRC) of all tyres: PART III
CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of the vehicle (for each payload/fuel combination)
1.Introduction 2.Definitions 3.General requirements 3.1Test conditions 3.1.1Laboratory test conditions 3.1.2Engine installation 3.1.3Crankcase emissions 3.1.4Engines with charge air-cooling 3.1.5Engine cooling system 3.2Fuels 3.3Lubricants 3.4Fuel flow measurement system 3.5Measurement equipment specifications 3.5.1Measurement equipment verification 4.Testing procedure 4.1Overview of testruns to be performed 4.2Allowed changes to the engine system 4.3Testruns 4.3.1Engine full load curve 4.3.2Engine motoring curve 4.3.3WHTC test 4.3.3.1Measurement signals and data recording 4.3.4WHSC test 4.3.4.1Measurement signals and data recording 4.3.5Fuel consumption mapping cycle (FCMC) 4.3.5.1Handling of interruptions during the FCMC 4.3.5.1.1Provisions for continuing the FCMC 4.3.5.2Grid of target setpoints 4.3.5.2.1Definition of target engine speed setpoints 4.3.5.2.2Definition of target torque setpoints 4.3.5.3Measurement signals and data recording 4.3.5.4Preconditioning of the engine system 4.3.5.5Test sequence 4.3.5.6Data evaluation for emission monitoring 4.3.5.6.1Definition of control area 4.3.5.6.1.1Engine speed range for the control area 4.3.5.6.1.2Engine torque and power range for the control area 4.3.5.6.2Definition of the grid cells 4.3.5.6.3Calculation of specific mass emissions 4.3.5.7Validity of data 4.3.5.7.1Requirements for validation statistics of the FCMC 4.3.5.7.2Requirements for emission monitoring 5.Post-processing of measurement data 5.1Calculation of engine work 5.2Calculation of integrated fuel consumption 5.3Calculation of specific fuel consumption figures 5.3.1Specific fuel consumption figures for WHTC correction factor 5.3.2Specific fuel consumption figures for cold-hot emission balancing factor 5.3.3Specific fuel consumption figures over WHSC 5.3.3.1Corrected specific fuel consumption figures over WHSC 5.3.3.2Special provisions for B7 reference fuel 5.4Correction factor for engines equipped with exhaust after-treatment systems that...6.Application of engine pre-processing tool 6.1Input data for the engine pre-processing tool 6.1.1Full load curve of the CO2-parent engine 6.1.2Full load curve 6.1.3Motoring curve of the CO2-parent engine 6.1.4Fuel consumption map of the CO2-parent engine 6.1.5Specific fuel consumption figures for WHTC correction factor 6.1.6Specific fuel consumption figures for cold-hot emission balancing factor 6.1.7Correction factor for engines equipped with exhaust after-treatment systems that...6.1.8NCV of test fuel 6.1.9Type of test fuel 6.1.10Engine idle speed of the CO2-parent engine 6.1.11Engine idle speed 6.1.12Engine displacement 6.1.13Engine rated speed 6.1.14Engine rated power 6.1.15Manufacturer 6.1.16Model 6.1.17Technical Report ID Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm) CERTIFICATE ON CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION RELATED PROPERTIES OF...SECTION I0.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.1.Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.2.Type: 0.3.Means of identification of type 0.3.1.Location of the certification marking: 0.3.2Method of affixing certification marking: 0.5.Name and address of manufacturer: 0.6.Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s): 0.7.Name and address of the manufacturer's representative (if any) SECTION II1. Additional information (where applicable): see Addendum 1.Additional information (where applicable): see Addendum 2.Approval authority responsible for carrying out the tests: 3.Date of test report: 4.Number of test report: 5.Remarks (if any): see Addendum 6.Place: 7.Date: 8.Signature: Notes regarding filling in the tables: PART 1
Essential characteristics of the (parent) engine and the engine types within an engine family
Notes: (1)Delete where not applicable (there are cases where nothing needs...(3)This figure shall be rounded off to the nearest tenth...(4)This value shall be calculated and rounded off to the...(5)Specify the tolerance. (6)Determined in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 85....(7)Please fill in here the upper and lower values for...(8)To be documented in case of a single OBD engine...1.Spark plugs 1.1.Make 1.2.Type 1.3.Spark-gap setting 2.Ignition coil 2.1.Make 2.2.Type 3.Lubricant used 3.1.Make 3.2.Type (state percentage of oil in mixture if lubricant and...3.3.Specifications of lubricant 4.Test fuel used 4.1.Fuel type (in accordance with paragraph 6.1.9 of Annex V...4.2.Unique identification number (production batch number) of fuel used 4.3.Net calorific value (NCV) (in accordance with paragraph 6.1.8 of...5.Engine-driven equipment 5.1.The power absorbed by the auxiliaries/equipment needs only be determined,...Note:Requirements for engine-driven equipment differ between emissions test and power...5.2.Enumeration and identifying details 5.3.Power absorbed at engine speeds specific for emissions test 5.4.Fan constant determined in accordance with Appendix 5 to this...5.4.1.Cavg-fan (if applicable) 5.4.2.Cind-fan (if applicable) 6.Engine performance (declared by manufacturer) 6.1.Engine test speeds for emissions test according to Annex 4...6.2.Declared values for power test according to Regulation No. 85...1.Parameters defining the engine CO2-family 1.1.Combustion relevant geometric data 1.1.1.Displacement per cylinder 1.1.2.Number of cylinders 1.1.3.Bore and stroke data 1.1.4.Combustion chamber geometry and compression ratio 1.1.5.Valve diameters and port geometry 1.1.6.Fuel injectors (design and position) 1.1.7.Cylinder head design 1.1.8.Piston and piston ring design 1.2.Air management relevant components 1.2.1.Pressure charging equipment type (waste gate, VTG, 2-stage, other) and...1.2.2.Charge air cooling concept 1.2.3.Valve timing concept (fixed, partly flexible, flexible) 1.2.4.EGR concept (uncooled/cooled, high/low pressure, EGR-control) 1.3.Injection system 1.4.Auxiliary/equipment propulsion concept (mechanically, electrically, other) 1.5.Waste heat recovery (yes/no; concept and system) 1.6.Aftertreatment system 1.6.1.Reagent dosing system characteristics (reagent and dosing concept) 1.6.2.Catalyst and DPF (arrangement, material and coating) 1.6.3.HC dosing system characteristics (design and dosing concept) 1.7.Full load curve 1.7.1.The torque values at each engine speed of the full...1.7.2.The torque values at each engine speed of the full...1.8.Characteristic engine test speeds 1.8.1.The engine idle speed, nidle, of the CO2-parent engine as...1.8.2.The engine speed n95h of all other engines than the...1.8.3.The engine speed n57 of all other engines than the...1.9.Minimum number of points in the fuel consumption map 1.9.1.All engines within the same CO2-family shall have a minimum...2.Choice of the CO2-parent engine 2.1.Highest power rating of all engines within the engine CO2-family....1.General provisions 1.1Conformity of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties shall...1.2If an engine certificate has had one or more extensions,...1.3All engines subject to tests shall be taken from the...1.4The tests may be conducted with the applicable market fuels....1.5If tests for the purpose of conformity of CO2 emissions...2.Number of engines and engine CO2-families to be tested 2.10,05 percent of all engines produced in the past production...2.2Notwithstanding the provisions in point 2.1, a minimum number of...2.3The resulting figure for nCOP,base determined in accordance with points...2.4In the case that a manufacturer has less CO2-families than...3.Selection of engine CO2-families to be tested 4.Testrun to be performed 5.Run-in of newly manufactured engines 5.1The tests shall be carried out on newly manufactured engines...5.2At the request of the manufacturer, the tests may be...5.3When the manufacturer requests to conduct a running-in procedure in...5.4If the provisions defined in point 5.3 (b) of this...5.5In the case described in point 5.4 of this Appendix...5.6.Instead of using a running-in procedure in accordance with points...5.7If the evolution coefficient in accordance with point 5.3 (b)...6.Target value for assessment of conformity of the certified CO2...7.Actual value for assessment of conformity of the certified CO2...7.1The specific fuel consumption over the WHSC, SFCWHSC, shall be...7.2If market fuel was used during testing in accordance with...7.3If reference fuel was used during testing in accordance with...7.4The measured emission of gaseous pollutants over the WHSC performed...8.Limit for conformity of one single test 9.Assessment of conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel...9.1The emission test results over the WHSC determined in accordance...9.2A single test of one engine tested in accordance with...9.3For the current sample size of engines tested within one...9.4If neither a pass nor a fail decision is reached,...1.Fan 2.Electric components/equipment 1.Markings 1.1The manufacturer's name and trade mark 1.2The make and identifying type indication as recorded in the...1.3The certification mark as a rectangle surrounding the lower-case letter...1.4The certification mark shall also include in the vicinity of...1.4.1Example and dimensions of the certification mark (separate marking) 1.5In the case that the certification in accordance with this...1.5.1Example of the certification mark (joined marking) 1.6.On request of the applicant for certification and after prior...1.7.The markings, labels, plates or stickers must be durable for...2Numbering 2.1Certification number for engines shall comprise the following: Introduction Definitions Set of input parameters 1.Reading of input files and automatic check of input data...1.1Check of requirements for input data according to the definitions...1.2Check of requirements for recorded FCMC data according to the...2.Calculation of characteristic engine speeds from full load curves of...3.Processing of fuel consumption (FC) map 3.1FC values at nidle are copied to engine speed (nidle...3.2FC values at n95h are copied to engine speed (n95h...3.3Extrapolation of FC values at all engine speed setpoints to...3.4Adding of FC = 0 for interpolated motoring torque values at...3.5Adding of FC = 0 for minimum of interpolated motoring torque...4.Simulation of FC and cycle work over WHTC and respective...4.1.WHTC reference points are denormalized using the full load curve...4.2.FC is calculated for WHTC denormalized reference values for engine...4.3.FC is calculated with engine inertia set to 0 4.4.FC is calculated with standard PT1-function (as in main vehicle...4.5.FC for all motoring points is set to 0 4.6.FC for all non-motoring engine operation points is calculated from...4.7.Cycle work and FC are calculated according to equations defined...4.8.Simulated specific FC values are calculated analogous to equations defined...5.Calculation of WHTC correction factors 5.1.Measured values from input to pre-processing tool and simulated values...5.2.CFUrban = SFCmeas,Urban/SFCsimu,Urban 5.3.CFRural = SFCmeas,Rural/SFCsimu,Rural 5.4.CFMW = SFCmeas,MW/SFCsimu,MW 5.5.In case that the calculated value for a correction factor...6.Calculation of cold-hot emission balancing factor 6.1.This factor is calculated in accordance with the equation in...6.2.BFcold-hot = 1 + 0,1 × (SFCmeas,cold – SFCmeas,hot)/SFCmeas,hot 6.3.In case that the calculated value for this factor is...7.Correction of FC values in FC map to standard NCV...7.1.This correction is performed in accordance with the equation in...7.2.FCcorrected = FCmeasured,map × NCVmeas/NVCstd 7.3.FCmeasured,map shall be the FC value in the FC map...7.4.NCVmeas and NVCstd shall be defined in accordance with paragraph...7.5.In the case that reference fuel of the type B7...8.Converting of engine full load and motoring torque values of...8.1.The conversion is performed by arithmetical averaging over intervals of...1.Introduction 2.Definitions 3.Testing procedure for transmissions 3.1Option 1: Measurement of the torque independent losses, calculation of...3.1.1.The torque dependent losses of a transmission system shall be...3.1.1.1.For each indirect gear g of common transmissions with a...3.1.1.2.For each active gear mesh, the torque dependent efficiency shall...3.1.1.3.The product of these torque dependent efficiencies in active gear...3.1.1.4.The total torque dependent efficiency η Tg for the gear...3.1.1.5.The torque dependent loss coefficient fTg for the gear g...3.1.1.6.The torque dependent loss Tl,inTg on the input shaft for...3.1.1.7.The torque dependent efficiency of the planetary range section in...3.1.1.8.For all other transmission types with more complex split power...3.1.1.9.Assuming 1 rad/s of input speed and 1 Nm of...3.1.1.10.For each planetary gear set, the relative speeds sun-to-carrier and...3.1.1.11.The loss-producing powers in the gear meshes shall be computed...3.1.1.12.All loss-adjusted power values shall be added up to the...3.1.1.13.The torque dependent loss coefficient for bearings, 3.1.1.14.The torque dependent losses on the input shaft for the...3.1.2.The torque independent losses shall be measured in accordance with...3.1.2.1.General requirements 3.1.2.2.Differential measurements 3.1.2.3.Run-in 3.1.2.3.1.The procedure shall not exceed 30 hours per gear and...3.1.2.3.2.The application of the input torque shall be limited to...3.1.2.3.3.The maximum input speed shall be limited by the specified...3.1.2.3.4.The speed and torque profile for the run-in procedure shall...3.1.2.3.5.The run-in procedure shall be documented by the manufacturer with...3.1.2.3.6.The requirements for the ambient temperature (3.1.2.5.1.), measurement accuracy (3.1.4.),...3.1.2.4.Pre-conditioning 3.1.2.4.1.Pre-conditioning of the transmission and the test rig equipment to...3.1.2.4.2.The pre-conditioning shall be performed on the direct drive gear...3.1.2.4.3.The maximum input speed shall be limited by the specified...3.1.2.4.4.The maximum combined time for the pre-conditioning shall not exceed...3.1.2.4.5.The pre-conditioning time shall not be accounted to the time...3.1.2.5.Test conditions 3.1.2.5.1.Ambient temperature 3.1.2.5.2.Oil temperature 3.1.2.5.3.Oil quality 3.1.2.5.4.Oil viscosity 3.1.2.5.5.Oil level and conditioning 3.1.3.Installation 3.1.3.1.The electric machine and the torque sensor shall be mounted...3.1.3.2.The installation of the transmission shall be done with an...3.1.3.3.The internal oil pump shall be included in the transmission....3.1.3.4.If an oil cooler is either optional or required with...3.1.3.5Transmission testing can be done with or without power take-off...3.1.3.6.Measuring the transmission may be performed with or without single...3.1.3.7.The individual influence of parasitic loads shall be calculated for...3.1.4.Measurement equipment 3.1.4.1.Torque 3.1.4.2.Speed 3.1.4.3.Temperature 3.1.4.4.Pressure 3.1.4.5.Voltage 3.1.4.6.Electric current 3.1.5.Measurement signals and data recording 3.1.6.Test procedure 3.1.6.1.Zero torque signal compensation: 3.1.6.2.Speed range: 3.1.6.3.Measurement sequence: 3.1.7.Measurement validation 3.1.7.1.The arithmetic mean values of torque, speed, (if applicable) voltage...3.1.7.2.The averaged speed deviation shall be below ± 5 rpm...3.1.7.3.The mechanical torque losses and (if applicable) electrical power consumption...3.1.7.4.The mechanical torque losses and (if applicable) electrical power consumption...3.1.7.5.The deviation between the averaged torque losses of the two...3.1.7.6.If the deviation is higher, the largest averaged torque loss...3.1.7.7.The deviation between the averaged electric power consumption (voltage *...3.1.7.8.If the deviation is higher, the set of averaged voltage...3.1.8.Measurement uncertainty 3.2.Option 2: Measurement of the torque independent losses, measurement of...3.2.1.The torque losses shall be measured in accordance with the...3.2.1.1.General requirements: 3.2.1.2.Differential measurements: 3.2.1.3.Run-in 3.2.1.4.Pre-conditioning 3.2.1.5.Test conditions 3.2.1.5.1.Ambient temperature 3.2.1.5.2.Oil temperature 3.2.1.5.3.Oil quality / Oil viscosity 3.2.1.5.4.Oil level and conditioning 3.2.2.Installation 3.2.3.Measurement equipment 3.2.4.Measurement signals and data recording 3.2.5.Test procedure 3.2.5.1.The torque independent losses shall be determined by the procedure...3.2.5.2.Determine the torque dependent losses for each of the gears...3.2.6.Measurement validation 3.2.7.Measurement uncertainty 3.3.Option 3: Measurement of the total torque loss. 3.3.1.General requirements 3.3.1.1Differential measurements: 3.3.2.Run-in 3.3.2.1Pre-conditioning 3.3.3.Test conditions 3.3.3.1.Ambient temperature 3.3.3.2.Oil temperature 3.3.3.3.Oil quality / Oil viscosity 3.3.3.4.Oil level and conditioning 3.3.4.Installation 3.3.5.Measurement equipment 3.3.6.Test procedure 3.3.6.1.Zero torque signal compensation: 3.3.6.2.Speed range 3.3.6.3.Torque range 3.3.6.4.Measurement sequence 3.3.6.4.1.The measurements shall be performed beginning with the lowest up...3.3.6.4.2.The input torque shall be varied according to the above...3.3.6.4.3.For each speed and torque step a minimum of 5...3.3.6.4.4.The measurement set shall be performed two times in total....3.3.7.Measurement signals and data recording 3.3.8.Measurement validation 3.3.8.1.The arithmetic mean values of torque, speed, if applicable voltage...3.3.8.2.The measured and averaged speed at the input shaft shall...3.3.8.3.The mechanical torque losses and (if applicable) electrical power consumption...3.3.8.4.The mechanical torque losses and (if applicable) electrical power consumption...3.3.8.5.The deviation between the averaged torque losses of the two...3.3.8.6.The deviation between the averaged electric power consumption (voltage*current) values...3.3.8.7.If the deviation is higher, the set of averaged voltage...3.3.9.Measurement uncertainty 3.4.Complement of input files for the simulation tool 3.4.1.In the cases the highest tested input speed was the...3.4.2.In the cases the highest tested input torque was the...3.4.3.In the case of extrapolation of the torque loss values...3.4.4.If the maximum output torque exceeds 10 kNm (for a theoretical...3.4.5.For speeds below the defined minimum speed and the additional...3.4.6.To cover the range of negative input torques during vehicle...3.4.7.Upon agreement of an approval authority, the torque losses for...3.4.8.If the measurement of speed points is technically not possible...3.4.9.The torque loss map data shall be formatted and saved...4.Torque converter (TC) 4.1.Option A: Measured torque converter characteristics at constant speed 4.1.1.General requirements 4.1.2.Oil temperature 4.1.3.Oil flow rate and pressure 4.1.4.Oil quality/Oil viscosity 4.1.5.Installation 4.1.6.Measurement equipment 4.1.6.1.Torque 4.1.6.2.Speed 4.1.6.3.Temperature 4.1.7.Test procedure 4.1.7.1.Zero torque signal compensation 4.1.7.2.Measurement sequence 4.1.7.2.1.The input speed npum of the TC shall be fixed...4.1.7.2.2.The speed ratio v shall be adjusted by increasing the...4.1.7.2.3.The step width shall be 0,1 for the speed ratio...4.1.7.2.4.The upper limit of the speed ratio may be limited...4.1.7.2.5.For each step a minimum of 3 seconds stabilization time...4.1.7.2.6.For each step the signals specified in 4.1.8. shall be...4.1.7.2.7.The measurement sequence (4.1.7.2.1. to 4.1.7.2.6.) shall be performed two...4.1.8.Measurement signals and data recording 4.1.9.Measurement validation 4.1.9.1.The arithmetic mean values of torque and speed for the...4.1.9.2.The measured torques and speeds from the two sets shall...4.1.9.3.The deviation between the averaged torque of the two measurement...4.1.9.4.The measured and averaged speed and torque at the input...4.1.10.Measurement uncertainty 4.1.11.Calculation of TC characteristics 4.2.Option B: Measurement at constant input torque (in accordance with...4.2.1.General requirements 4.2.2.Oil temperature 4.2.3.Oil flow rate and pressure 4.2.4.Oil quality 4.2.5.Installation 4.2.6.Measurement equipment 4.2.7.Test procedure 4.2.7.1.Zero torque signal compensation 4.1.7.2.Measurement sequence 4.2.7.2.1.The input torque Tpum shall be set to a positive...4.2.7.2.2.The speed ratio v shall be adjusted by increasing the...4.2.7.2.3.The step width shall be 0.1 for the speed ratio...4.2.7.2.4.The upper limit of the speed ratio may be limited...4.2.7.2.5.For each step a minimum of 5 seconds stabilization time...4.2.7.2.6.For each step the values specified in 4.2.8. shall be...4.2.7.2.7.The measurement sequence (4.2.7.2.1. to 4.2.7.2.6.) shall be performed two...4.2.8.Measurement signals and data recording 4.2.9.Measurement validation 4.2.10.Measurement uncertainty 4.2.11.Calculation of TC characteristics 5.Other torque transferring components (OTTC) 5.1.Methods for establishing retarder drag losses 5.1.1.General requirements 5.1.2.Run-in 5.1.2.1If the manufacturer applies a run-in procedure to the retarder,...5.1.3.Test conditions 5.1.3.1.Ambient temperature 5.1.3.2.Ambient pressure 5.1.3.3.Oil or water temperature 5.1.3.4.Oil or water quality 5.1.3.5.Oil viscosity 5.1.3.6.Oil or water level 5.1.4.Installation 5.1.5.Measurement equipment 5.1.6.Test procedure 5.1.6.1.Zero torque signal compensation: 5.1.6.2.Measurement sequence 5.1.6.2.1.Measurement on the retarder as stand-alone unit 5.1.6.2.2.Measurement in combination with the transmission 5.1.6.2.2.1.In case the retarder is tested in combination with a...5.1.6.2.2.The torque loss shall be measured at the operating speeds...5.1.6.2.2.3.Measurement points may be added for transmission input speeds below...5.1.6.2.2.4.The manufacturer may separate the retarder losses from the total...5.1.7.Measurement signals and data recording 5.1.8.Measurement validation 5.2.Complement of input files for the simulation tool 5.2.1Retarder torque losses for speeds below the lowest measurement speed...5.2.2In case the retarder losses were separated out from the...5.2.3The torque loss map data shall be formatted and saved...6.Additional driveline components (ADC) / angle drive 6.1.Methods for establishing angle drive losses 6.1.1.Case A: Measurement on a separate angle drive 6.1.1.1Applicable speed range: 6.1.1.2Speed step size: 200 rpm 6.1.2.Case B: Individual measurement of an angle drive connected to...6.1.2.1The manufacturer may separate the angle drive losses from the...6.2.Complement of input files for the simulation tool 6.2.1.Torque losses for speeds below the above defined minimum speed...6.2.2.In the cases the highest tested angle drive input speed...6.2.3.To calculate the torque loss data for the input shaft...7.Conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related...7.1.Every transmission, torque converter (TC), other torque transferring components (OTTC)...7.2Torque converter (TC), other torque transferring components (OTTC) and additional...7.3Conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related...7.4Conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related...7.5The manufacturer shall test annually at least the number of...7.6Each transmission which is tested by the manufacturer shall be...7.7For the total annual production volumes between 1 001 and...7.8For the total annual production volumes above 10 000 transmissions,...7.9.For the purpose of the conformity of the certified CO2...7.10If the result of a test performed in accordance with...8.Production conformity testing 8.1Conformity testing of transmissions 8.1.1The transmission efficiency shall be determined following the simplified procedure...8.1.2.1All boundary conditions as specified in this Annex for the...8.1.2.2For the measurement the same testing option shall be used...8.1.2.2.1.In the case Option 1 was used for certification testing,...8.1.2.2.2.The efficiency of the transmission shall be determined for 18...8.1.2.3For each of the 18 operating points, the efficiency of...8.1.2.4The total efficiency during conformity of the certified CO2 emissions...8.1.3The conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption...Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm) CERTIFICATE ON CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION RELATED PROPERTIES OF...SECTION I0.1 Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.1Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.2Type: 0.3Means of identification of type, if marked on the component...0.3.1Location of the marking: 0.4Name and address of manufacturer: 0.5In the case of components and separate technical units, location...0.6Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s): 0.7Name and address of the manufacturer's representative (if any) SECTION II1. Additional information (where applicable): see Addendum 1.1. Option used...1.Additional information (where applicable): see Addendum 1.1.Option used for the determination of the torque losses 1.1.1In case of transmission: specify for both output torque ranges...2.Approval authority responsible for carrying out the tests: 3.Date of test report 4.Number of test report 5.Remarks (if any): see Addendum 6.Place 7.Date 8.Signature 0.GENERAL 0.1.Name and address of manufacturer 0.2.Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.3.Transmission type: 0.4.Transmission family: 0.5.Transmission type as separate technical unit/Transmission family as separate technical...0.6.Commercial name(s) (if available): 0.7.Means of identification of model, if marked on the transmission:...0.8.In the case of components and separate technical units, location...0.9.Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s): 0.10.Name and address of the manufacturer's representative: PART 1
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE (PARENT) TRANSMISSION AND THE TRANSMISSION TYPES WITHIN A TRANSMISSION FAMILY
0.0GENERAL 0.1Make (trade name of manufacturer) 0.2Type 0.3Commercial name(s) (if available) 0.4Means of identification of type 0.5Location of that marking 0.6Name and address of manufacturer 0.7Location and method of affixing of the approval mark 0.8Name(s) and address (es) of assembly plant(s) 0.9Name and address of the manufacturer's representative (if any) 1.0SPECIFIC TRANSMISSION/TRANSMISSION FAMILY INFORMATION 1.1Gear ratio. Gearscheme and powerflow 1.2Center distance for countershaft transmissions 1.3Type of bearings at corresponding positions (if fitted) 1.4Type of shift elements (tooth clutches, including synchronisers or friction...1.5Single gear width for Option 1 or Single gear width...1.6Total number of forward gears 1.7Number of tooth shift clutches 1.8Number of synchronizers 1.9Number of friction clutch plates (except for single dry clutch...1.10Outer diameter of friction clutch plates (except for single dry...1.11Surface roughness of the teeth (incl. drawings) 1.12Number of dynamic shaft seals 1.13Oil flow for lubrication and cooling per transmission input shaft...1.14Oil viscosity at 100 °C (± 10 %) 1.15System pressure for hydraulically controlled gearboxes 1.16Specified oil level in reference to central axis and in...1.17Specified oil level (± 1 mm) 1.18Gear ratios [-] and maximum input torque [Nm], maximum input...LIST OF ATTACHMENTS 0.GENERAL 0.1Name and address of manufacturer 0.2Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.3TC type: 0.4TC family: 0.5TC type as separate technical unit / TC family as...0.6Commercial name(s) (if available): 0.7Means of identification of model, if marked on the TC:...0.8In the case of components and separate technical units, location...0.9Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s): 0.10Name and address of the manufacturer's representative: PART 1
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE (PARENT) TC AND THE TC TYPES WITHIN A TC FAMILY
0.0GENERAL 0.1Make (trade name of manufacturer) 0.2Type 0.3Commercial name(s) (if available) 0.4Means of identification of type 0.5Location of that marking 0.6Name and address of manufacturer 0.7Location and method of affixing of the approval mark 0.8.Name(s) and address (es) of assembly plant(s) 0.9.Name and address of the manufacturer's representative (if any) 1.0SPECIFIC TORQUE CONVERTER/TORQUE CONVERTER FAMILY INFORMATION 1.1For hydrodynamic torque converter without mechanical transmission (serial arrangement). 1.1.1Outer torus diameter 1.1.2Inner torus diameter 1.1.3Arrangement of pump (P), turbine (T) and stator (S) in...1.1.4Torus width 1.1.5Oil type according to test specification 1.1.6Blade design 1.2For hydrodynamic torque converter with mechanical transmission (parallel arrangement). 1.2.1Outer torus diameter 1.2.2Inner torus diameter 1.2.3Arrangement of pump (P), turbine (T) and stator (S) in...1.2.4Torus width 1.2.5Oil type according to test specification 1.2.6Blade design 1.2.7Gear scheme and power flow in torque converter mode 1.2.8Type of bearings at corresponding positions (if fitted) 1.2.9Type of cooling/lubrication pump (referring to parts list) 1.2.10Type of shift elements (tooth clutches (including synchronisers) OR friction...1.2.11Oil level according to drawing in reference to central axis...LIST OF ATTACHMENTS 1.Method of measurement 1.1TC with mechanical transmission 1.2TC as separate unit 0.GENERAL 0.1Name and address of manufacturer 0.2Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.3OTTC type: 0.4OTTC family: 0.5OTTC type as separate technical unit/OTTC family as separate technical...0.6Commercial name(s) (if available): 0.7Means of identification of model, if marked on the OTTC:...0.8In the case of components and separate technical units, location...0.9Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s): 0.10Name and address of the manufacturer's representative: PART 1
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE (PARENT) OTTC AND THE OTTC TYPES WITHIN AN OTTC FAMILY
0.0GENERAL 0.1Make (trade name of manufacturer) 0.2Type 0.3Commercial name(s) (if available) 0.4Means of identification of type 0.5Location of that marking 0.6Name and address of manufacturer 0.7Location and method of affixing of the approval mark 0.8.Name(s) and address (es) of assembly plant(s) 0.9.Name and address of the manufacturer's representative (if any) 1.0SPECIFIC OTTC INFORMATION 1.1For hydrodynamic torque transferring components (OTTC) / retarder 1.1.1Outer torus diameter 1.1.2Torus width 1.1.3Blade design 1.1.4Operating fluid 1.1.5Outer torus diameter - inner torus diameter (OD-ID) 1.1.6Number of blades 1.1.7Operating fluid viscosity 1.2For magnetic torque transferring components (OTTC) / Retarder 1.2.1Drum design (electro magnetic retarder or permanent magnetic retarder) 1.2.2Outer rotor diameter 1.2.3Cooling blade design 1.2.4Blade design 1.2.5Operating fluid 1.2.6Outer rotor diameter - inner rotor diameter (OD-ID) 1.2.7Number of rotors 1.2.8Number of cooling blades/blades 1.2.9Operating fluid viscosity 1.2.10Number of arms 1.3For torque transferring components (OTTC)/hydrodynamic clutch 1.3.1Outer torus diameter 1.3.2Torus width 1.3.3Blade design. 1.3.4Operating fluid viscosity 1.3.5Outer torus diameter - inner torus diameter (OD-ID) 1.3.6Number of blades LIST OF ATTACHMENTS 1.Method of measurement 2.Maximum test speed of OTTC main torque absorber e.g. retarder...0.GENERAL 0.1Name and address of manufacturer 0.2Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.3ADC type: 0.4ADC family: 0.5ADC type as separate technical unit/ADC family as separate technical...0.6Commercial name(s) (if available): 0.7Means of identification of model, if marked on the ADC:...0.8In the case of components and separate technical units, location...0.9Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s): 0.10Name and address of the manufacturer's representative: PART 1
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE (PARENT) ADC AND THE ADC TYPES WITHIN AN ADC FAMILY
0.0GENERAL 0.1Make (trade name of manufacturer) 0.2Type 0.3Commercial name(s) (if available) 0.4Means of identification of type 0.5Location of that marking 0.6Name and address of manufacturer 0.7Location and method of affixing of the approval mark 0.8.Name(s) and address (es) of assembly plant(s) 0.9.Name and address of the manufacturer's representative (if any) 1.0SPECIFIC ADC/ANGLE DRIVE INFORMATION 1.1Gear ratio and gearscheme 1.2Angle between input/output shaft 1.3Type of bearings at corresponding positions 1.4Number of teeth per gearwheel 1.5Single gear width 1.6Number of dynamic shaft seals 1.7Oil viscosity (± 10 %) 1.8Surface roughness of the teeth 1.9Specified oil level in reference to central axis and in...1.10Oil level within (± 1mm). LIST OF ATTACHMENTS 1.Method of measurement 2.Maximum test speed at ADC input [rpm] 1.General 1.1Special cases 1.2The family concept defines criteria and parameters enabling the manufacturer...2.The Approval Authority may conclude that the highest torque loss...3.Parameters defining the transmission family 3.1The following criteria shall be the same to all members...3.2The following criteria shall be common to all members within...4.Choice of the parent transmission 5.Parameters defining the torque converter family 5.1The following criteria shall be the same to all members...5.1.1For hydrodynamic torque converter without mechanical transmission (serial arrangement). 5.1.2For hydrodynamic torque converter with mechanical transmission (parallel arrangement). 5.1.3The following criteria shall be common to all members within...6.Choice of the parent torque converter 6.1For hydrodynamic torque converter without mechanical (serial arrangement) transmission. 6.2For hydrodynamic torque converter with mechanical transmission. 7.Parameters defining the other torque transferring components (OTTC) family 7.1The following criteria shall be the same to all members...7.2The following criteria shall be the same to all members...7.3The following criteria shall be the same to all members...7.4The following criteria shall be common to all members within...7.5The following criteria shall be common to all members within...7.6The following criteria shall be common to all members within...8.Choice of the parent torque transferring component 8.1The parent hydrodynamic torque transferring component/retarder shall be selected using...8.2The parent magnetic torque transferring component / retarder shall be...8.3The parent torque transferring component/hydrodynamic clutch shall be selected using...9.Parameters defining the additional driveline components family 9.1The following criteria shall be the same to all members...9.2The following criteria shall be common to all members within...10.Choice of the parent additional driveline component 10.1The parent additional driveline component / angle drive shall be...1.Markings 1.1The manufacturer's name and trade mark 1.2The make and identifying type indication as recorded in the...1.3The certification mark (if applicable) as a rectangle surrounding the...1.4The certification mark shall also include in the vicinity of...1.5Example of the certification mark 1.6On request of the applicant for certificate and after prior...1.7The markings, labels, plates or stickers must be durable for...1.8In the case separate certifications are granted by the same...1.9.The certification mark shall be visible when the transmission, torque...1.10In the case that torque converter or other torque transferring...2.Numbering 2.1.Certification number for transmissions, torque converter, other torque transferring component...Introduction Definitions Set of input parameters 1.Introduction 2.Definitions 3.General requirements 3.1Run-in 3.1.1Only factory fill oil shall be used for the run-in...3.1.2The speed and torque profile for the run-in procedure shall...3.1.3The run-in procedure shall be documented by the manufacturer with...3.1.4The requirements for the oil temperature (4.3.1), measurement accuracy (4.4.7)...4.Testing procedure for axles 4.1Test conditions 4.1.1Ambient temperature 4.1.2Oil temperature 4.1.3Oil quality 4.1.4Oil viscosity 4.1.5Oil level and conditioning 4.2Test set-up 4.2.1Axle installation 4.2.2Installation of torque meters 4.2.2.1For a test setup with two electric machines, the torque...4.2.2.2For a test setup with three electric machines, the torque...4.2.2.3Half shafts of different lengths are permitted in a two...4.2.3Test set-up ‘Type A’ Figure 1Example of Test set-up ‘Type A’ 4.2.4Test set-up ‘Type B’ 4.3Test procedure 4.3.1Measurement equipment 4.3.1.1Torque measurement 4.3.1.2Rotational speed 4.3.1.3Temperatures 4.3.2Measurement signals and data recording 4.3.2.1The following minimum sampling frequencies of the sensors shall be...4.3.2.2The recording rate of the data used to determine the...4.3.3Torque range: 4.3.3.1The manufacturer may extend the measurement up to 20 kNm...4.3.3.2Output torque steps to be measured: 4.3.4Speed range 4.3.5Wheel speed steps to be measured 4.4Measurement of torque loss maps for axles 4.4.1Testing sequence of the torque loss map 4.4.2Measurement duration 4.4.3Averaging of grid points 4.4.4The torque loss (at input side) of the axle shall...4.4.5Measurement validation 4.4.5.1The averaged speed values per grid point (20 s interval)...4.4.5.2The averaged output torque values as described under 4.4.3 for...4.4.5.3If the above specified criteria are not met the measurement...4.4.6Uncertainty calculation 4.4.7Assessment of total uncertainty of the torque loss 4.4.8Complement of torque loss map data 4.4.8.1If the torque values exceed the upper range limit linear...4.4.8.2For the output torque range values below 250 Nm the...4.4.8.3For 0 rpm wheel speed rpm the torque loss values...4.4.8.4For negative input torques (e.g. overrun, free rolling), the torque...4.4.8.5In case of a tandem axle, the combined torque loss...5.Conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related...5.1.Every axle type approved in accordance with this Annex shall...5.2.Conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related...5.3.The manufacturer shall test annually at least the number of...5.4.Each axle which is tested by the manufacturer shall be...5.5.The number of families of single reduction (SR) axles and...5.6.The two axle families with the highest production volumes shall...5.7.For the purpose of the conformity of the certified CO2...5.8.If the result of a test performed in accordance with...6.Production conformity testing 6.1For conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption...6.2If the conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel...6.2.1For that purpose the full torque loss map of the...Figure 2Speed and torque range for conformity of the certified CO2...6.2.2For four control areas one point shall be selected, measured...6.2.3For each measured point of the conformity of the certified...6.2.4The average efficiency of the control area shall be calculated...6.2.5If the conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel...6.3Determination of drag torque 6.3.1For determination of the drag torque of an axle a...6.3.2The test conditions according to paragraph 4.1 shall apply. The...6.3.3The drag torque shall be measured in the speed range...6.4.Conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related...6.4.1A conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption...Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm) CERTIFICATE ON CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION RELATED PROPERTIES OF...SECTION I0.1 Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.1Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.2Type: 0.3Means of identification of type, if marked on the axle...0.3.1Location of the marking: 0.4Name and address of manufacturer: 0.5In the case of components and separate technical units, location...0.6Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s): 0.7Name and address of the manufacturer's representative (if any) SECTION II1. Additional information (where applicable): see Addendum 1.Additional information (where applicable): see Addendum 2.Approval authority responsible for carrying out the tests: 3.Date of test report 4.Number of test report 5.Remarks (if any): see Addendum 6.Place 7.Date 8.Signature 0.GENERAL 0.1Name and address of manufacturer 0.2Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.3Axle type: 0.4Axle family (if applicable): 0.5Axle type as separate technical unit / Axle family as...0.6Commercial name(s) (if available): 0.7Means of identification of type, if marked on the axle:...0.8In the case of components and separate technical units, location...0.9Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s): 0.10Name and address of the manufacturer's representative: PART 1
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE (PARENT) AXLE AND THE AXLE TYPES WITHIN AN AXLE FAMILY
0.0GENERAL 0.1Make (trade name of manufacturer) 0.2Type 0.3Commercial name(s) (if available) 0.4Means of identification of type 0.5Location of that marking 0.6Name and address of manufacturer 0.7Location and method of affixing of the certification mark 0.8.Name(s) and address (es) of assembly plant(s) 0.9.Name and address of the manufacturer's representative (if any) 1.0SPECIFIC AXLE INFORMATION 1.4.3Pinion angle with respect to horizontal plane; [°] 1.4.4For portal axles only: 1.4.5Teeth number of pinion 1.4.6Teeth number of crown gear 1.4.7Horizontal offset of pinion; [mm] 1.4.8Horizontal offset of crown wheel; [mm] 1.5Oil volume; [cm3] 1.6Oil level; [mm] 1.7Oil specification 1.8Bearing type (number/ID/drawing) 1.9Seal type (main diameter, lip number); [mm] 1.10.Wheel ends (number/ID/drawing) 1.10.1Bearing type (number/ID/drawing) 1.10.2Seal type (main diameter, lip number); [mm] 1.10.3Grease type 1.11.Number of planetary/spur gears 1.12Smallest width of planetary/spur gears; [mm] 1.13Gear ratio of hub reduction LIST OF ATTACHMENTS 1.The applicant for a certificate shall submit to the approval...2.Special cases 3.Parameters defining an axle family: 3.1Axle category 4.Choice of the parent axle: 4.1The parent axle within an axle family is determined as...4.2.The approval authority may conclude that the worst-case torque loss...4.3.If axles within the family incorporate other features which may...1.Markings 1.4The certification mark shall also include in the vicinity of...1.4.1Example and dimensions of the certification mark 1.5Upon request of the applicant for a certificate and after...1.6The markings, labels, plates or stickers must be durable for...1.7The certification number shall be visible when the axle is...2.Numbering: 2.1.Certification number for axles shall comprise the following: Introduction Definitions Set of input parameters 1.Introduction 2.Definitions 3.Determination of air drag 3.1.Test track requirements 3.1.1.The geometry of test track shall be either a: 3.1.2.Measurement sections 3.1.3.Measurement areas 3.1.4.Shape of the measurement sections 3.1.5.Longitudinal slope of the measurement sections 3.1.6.Track surface 3.1.7.Standstill area 3.1.8.Distance to roadside obstacles and vertical clearance 3.1.9.Altitude profile 3.2.Requirements for ambient conditions 3.2.1.The ambient conditions shall be measured with the equipment specified...3.2.2.The ambient temperature shall be in the range of 0...3.2.3.The ground temperature shall not exceed 40 °C. This criterion...3.2.4.The road surface shall be dry during the low speed...3.2.5.The wind conditions shall be within the following range: 3.3.Installation of the vehicle 3.3.1.The vehicle chassis shall fit to the dimensions of the...3.3.2.The vehicle height determined according to 3.5.3.1 item vii. shall...3.3.3.The minimal distance between cabin and the box or semi-trailer...3.3.4.The cabin and the aero accessories (e.g. spoilers) shall be...3.3.5.The vehicle shall fulfil the legal requirements for a whole...3.3.6.The setup of the semi-trailer shall be as defined in...3.3.7.The vehicle shall be equipped with tyres meeting the following...3.3.8.The axle alignment shall be within the manufacturer specifications. 3.3.9.No active tyre pressure control systems are allowed to be...3.3.10.If the vehicle is equipped with an active aero device...3.3.11.The vehicle shall not have any provisional features, modifications or...3.3.12.All different removable add on parts like sun visors, horns,...3.3.13.The vehicle shall be measured without payload. 3.4.Measurement equipment 3.4.1.Torque 3.4.1.1.The direct torque at all driven axles shall be measured...3.4.1.2.The following system requirements shall be met by a single...3.4.2.Vehicle speed 3.4.3.Reference signal for calculation of rotational speed of the wheels...3.4.4.Opto-electronic barriers 3.4.5.(D)GPS system Option a) for position measurement only: GPS Option b) for vehicle speed calibration and position measurement: Differential...3.4.6.Stationary weather station 3.4.7.Mobile anemometer 3.4.7.1.Accuracy requirements 3.4.7.2.Installation position 3.4.7.3.The update rate of the anemometer shall be 4 Hz or...3.4.8.Temperature transducer for ambient temperature on vehicle 3.4.9.Proving ground temperature 3.5.Constant speed test procedure 3.5.1.The average speed within a measurement section in the low...3.5.2.The average speed within a measurement section in the high...3.5.3.The testing shall be performed strictly according to the sequence...3.5.3.1.Preparation of vehicle and measurement systems 3.5.3.2.Warm-up phase 3.5.3.3.Zeroing of torque meters 3.5.3.4.Drive another warm-up phase of minimum 10 minutes at the...3.5.3.5.First low speed test 3.5.3.6.Drive another warm-up phase of minimum 5 minutes at the...3.5.3.7.High speed test 3.5.3.8.Second low speed test 3.5.3.9.Drift check of torque meters 3.6.Misalignment calibration test 3.6.1.At least 5 valid passings of a 250 ± 3 m straight section...3.6.2.The validity criteria for wind conditions as specified in section...3.6.3.The data recorded during the misalignment calibration test shall be...3.6.4.The misalignment calibration test can be performed independently from the...3.6.5.A new misalignment test shall be performed in the following...3.7.Testing Template 3.8.Data processing 3.8.1.The recorded data shall be synchronised and aligned to 100 Hz...3.8.2.All recorded data shall be checked for any errors. Measurement...3.8.3.For the evaluation of the constant speed tests the application...3.9.Input data for Vehicle Energy Consumption calculation Tool Air Drag...3.10.Validity criteria 3.10.1.Validity criteria for the constant speed test 3.10.1.1.The air drag pre-processing tool accepts datasets as recorded during...3.10.1.2.The air drag pre-processing tool excludes single datasets from the...3.10.1.3.The air drag pre-processing tool excludes single combinations of measurement...3.10.1.4.The air drag pre-processing tool considers the complete constant speed...3.10.2.Validity criteria for the misalignment test 3.10.2.1.The air drag pre-processing tool accepts datasets as recorded during...3.10.2.2.The air drag pre-processing tool considers the data from a...3.10.2.3.The air drag pre-processing tool considers the complete misalignment test...3.11.Declaration of air drag value Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm) CERTIFICATE ON CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION RELATED PROPERTIES OF...SECTION I0.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.1.Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.2.Vehicle body and air drag type/family (if applicable): 0.3.Vehicle body and air drag family member (in case of...0.3.1.Vehicle body and air drag parent 0.3.2.Vehicle body and air drag types within the family 0.4.Means of identification of type, if marked 0.4.1.Location of the marking: 0.5.Name and address of manufacturer: 0.6.In the case of components and separate technical units, location...0.7.Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s): 0.9.Name and address of the manufacturer's representative (if any) SECTION II1. Additional information (where applicable): see Addendum 1.Additional information (where applicable): see Addendum 2.Approval authority responsible for carrying out the tests: 3.Date of test report: 4.Number of test report: 5.Remarks (if any): see Addendum 6.Place: 7.Date: 8.Signature: pursuant to …Vehicle Body and Air Drag type or family (if applicable):...0.0.GENERAL 0.1.Name and address of manufacturer 0.2.Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.3.Vehicle body and air drag type (family if applicable): 0.4.Commercial name(s) (if available): 0.5.Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle:...0.6.In the case of components and separate technical units, location...0.7.Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s): 0.8.Name and address of the manufacturer's representative: PART 1
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE (PARENT) VEHICLE MODY AND AIR DRAG
Types within a vehicle body and air drag family LIST OF ATTACHMENTS Attachment 1 to Information Document 1.Vehicles measured in the constant speed test according to section...2.The vehicle height has to be determined as described in...3.Vehicles of vehicles groups not shown in Table 7 are...1.Vehicles measured in the constant speed test according to section...2.The applicable standard body or semitrailer shall be determined from...3.The standard bodies B1, B2, B3, B4 and B5 shall...4.The type and chassis requirements for the standard semitrailer ST1...5.All dimensions and masses without tolerances mentioned explicitly shall be...1.General 2.Special cases 3.All vehicles within a family get the same air drag...4.Parameter defining the air drag family: 4.1.Vehicles are allowed to be grouped within a family if...Figure 1Family definition 4.2.An air drag family consist of testable members and vehicle...4.3.Testable members of a family are vehicle configurations, which fulfil...5.Choice of the air drag parent vehicle 5.1.The parent vehicle of each family shall be selected according...5.2.The vehicle chassis shall fit to the dimensions of the...5.3.All testable members of the family shall have an equal...5.4.The applicant for a certificate shall be able to demonstrate...5.5.Air drag values can be used for creation of families...1.The conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption...2.A vehicle fails the conformity of the certified CO2 emissions...3.The number of vehicles to be tested for conformity with...4.For the selection of vehicles for conformity of the certified...5.After a vehicle was selected for conformity of the certified...1.Standard values for the declared air drag value Cd ·...2.For vehicle configurations ‘rigid + trailer’ the overall air drag...3.For EMS vehicle configurations the air drag value of the...2Numbering 2.1Certification number for air drag shall comprise the following: Introduction Definitions Set of input parameters 1.Introduction 2.Definitions 3.Determination of technology specific average standard power values 3.1Fan 3.2Steering System 3.3Electric system 3.4Pneumatic system 3.5Air Conditioning system 3.6Transmission Power Take-Off (PTO) 1.Introduction 2.Definitions 3.General requirements 3.1.The tyre manufacturer plant shall be certified to ISO/TS 16949....3.2.Tyre rolling resistance coefficient 3.3.Measurement provisions 3.4.Marking and traceability 3.4.1.The tyre shall be clearly identifiable in respect to the...3.4.2.In the case a unique identification of the rolling resistance...3.4.3.If an additional identifier is used it shall remain readable...3.4.4.In line with Article 19(2) of Directive 2007/46/EC, no type-approval...4.Conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related...4.1.Any tyre certified under this Regulation shall be in conformity...4.2.In order to verify conformity of the certified CO2 emissions...4.3.Frequency of the tests 4.3.1The tyre rolling resistance of at least one tyre of...4.3.2In case the deliveries of a specific tyre type intended...4.3.3In case the deliveries of a specific tyre type intended...4.3.4If the volume of tyres delivered to the original equipment...4.3.5The manufacturer shall justify (ex. by showing sales numbers) to...4.4Verification procedure 4.4.1A single tyre shall be tested in accordance with paragraph...4.4.2In the case the value measured is lower or equal...4.4.3.In the case, the value measured exceeds the declared value...Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm) CERTIFICATE ON CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION RELATED PROPERTIES OF...SECTION I0.1.Name and address of manufacturer 0.2Make (trade name of manufacturer) 0.3Name and address of applicant: 0.4Brand name/ trade description: 0.5Tyre class (in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 661/2009) 0.6Tyre-size designation; 0.7Tyre structure (diagonal (bias-ply); radial); 0.8Category of use (normal tyre, snow tyre, special use tyre);...0.9Speed category (categories); 0.10Load-capacity index (indices); 0.11Trade description/commercial name; 0.12Declared rolling resistance coefficient; 0.13Tool(s) to provide additional rolling resistance coefficient identification code (if...0.14.Rolling resistance level of the tyre (in N/kN rounded to...0.15Load FZTYRE: … [N] 0.16Alignment equation: …. SECTION II1.Approval Authority or Technical Service [or Accredited Lab]: 2.Test report No.: 3.Comments (if any): 4.Date of test: 5.Test machine identification and drum diameter/surface: 6.Test tyre details: 7.Test data: 8.Rolling resistance coefficient: 9.Date of test: Introduction Definitions Set of input parameters 1.Numbering: 2.1.Certification number for tyres shall comprise the following: (1)In Annex I the following point 3.5.7 is inserted: (2)In Annex III, in Part I, A (Categories M and...(3)In Annex IV, Part I, is amended as follows: (4)Annex IX is amended as follows: (5)in Annex XV, in point 2, the following row is...
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400
of 12 December 2017
implementing Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles and amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 on type-approval of motor vehicles and engines with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles (Euro VI) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 and Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directives 80/1269/EEC, 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC1, and in particular Article 4(3) and Article 5(4)(e) thereof,
Having regard to Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 September 2007 establishing a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles (Framework Directive)2, and in particular Article 39(7) thereof,
Whereas:
(1)
Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 is one of the separate regulatory acts under the type-approval procedure laid down by Directive 2007/46/EC. It empowers the Commission to adopt measures relating to CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy duty vehicles. The present Regulation aims at establishing measures for obtaining accurate information on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new heavy-duty vehicles placed on the Union market.
(2)
Directive 2007/46/EC sets out the necessary requirements for the purpose of a whole vehicle type-approval.
(3)
Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/20113 sets out requirements for the approval of heavy-duty vehicles with regard to emissions and access to vehicle repair and maintenance information. Measures for the determination of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new heavy-duty vehicles should be part of the type-approval system instituted by this Regulation. A licence to perform simulations to establish CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of a vehicle will be required to obtain the approvals mentioned above.
(4)
Emissions from lorries, buses and coaches, which are the most widely representative categories of heavy-duty vehicles, currently represent around 25 % of road transport CO2 emissions and are expected to increase even further in the future. In order to reach the target of a 60 % reduction of CO2 emissions from transport by 2050, effective measures to curb emissions from heavy-duty vehicles need to be introduced.
(5)
Until now, no common method has been laid down by Union legislation to measure CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles, rendering it impossible to objectively compare performance of vehicles or to introduce measures, whether on the Union or national level, that would encourage the introduction of more energy-efficient vehicles. As a consequence, there has been no transparency in the market as regards the energy-efficiency of heavy-duty vehicles.
(6)
The heavy-duty vehicle sector is very diversified, with a significant number of different vehicle types and models as well as with a high degree of customisation. The Commission has conducted an in-depth analysis of the available options to measure CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of those vehicles and concluded that in order to obtain unique data for each produced vehicle at the lowest cost, CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles should be determined using simulation software.
(7)
In order to reflect the diversity of the sector, heavy-duty vehicles should be divided into groups of vehicles with a similar axle configuration, chassis configuration and technically permissible maximum laden mass. Those parameters define the purpose of a vehicle and should therefore determine the set of test cycles used for the purpose of the simulation.
(8)
Since there is no software available on the market to meet the requirements necessary for the purposes of the assessment of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles, the Commission should develop dedicated software to be used for those purposes.
(9)
That software should be publically available, open-source, downloadable and executable. It should include a simulation tool for the calculation of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of specific heavy-duty vehicles. The tool should be conceived to use, as input, the data reflecting the characteristics of the components, separate technical units and systems which have a significant impact on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles – engine, gearbox and additional driveline components, axles, tyres, aerodynamics and auxiliaries. The software should also include pre-processing tools to be used for the verification and pre-processing of the simulation tool input data relating to the engine and vehicle air drag, as well as a hashing tool to be used for the encryption of the simulation tool input and output files.
(10)
In order to enable a realistic assessment, the simulation tool should be equipped with a number of functionalities allowing for a simulation of vehicles with different payloads and fuels over specific test cycles assigned to a vehicle depending on its application.
(11)
Recognizing the importance of the proper functioning of the software for the correct determination of vehicles' CO2 emissions and fuel consumption and of keeping up with technological progress, the Commission should maintain the software and update it whenever necessary.
(12)
The simulations should be performed by vehicle manufacturers before registration, sale or entry into service of a new vehicle in the Union. Provisions should also be put in place for the licence of the vehicle manufacturers' processes for calculation of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of vehicles. The processes of handling and application of data by the vehicle manufacturers for the purposes of calculation of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of vehicles using the simulation tool should be assessed and closely monitored by the approval authorities in order to ensure that the simulations are conducted in a correct manner. Provisions should therefore be put in place requiring vehicle manufacturers to acquire a licence for the operation of the simulation tool.
(13)
The CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, separate technical units and systems having a significant impact on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles should be used as input for the simulation tool.
(14)
In order to reflect the specificities of the individual components, separate technical units and systems and to allow for a more precise determination of their CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties, provisions for the certification of such properties on the basis of testing should be set out.
(15)
For the purpose of limiting the costs of the certification, manufacturers should have the possibility to group into families components, separate technical units and systems with similar design and CO2 emission and fuel consumption characteristics. One component, separate technical unit or system per family with the least favourable characteristics as regards CO2 emissions and fuel consumption within that family should be tested and its results should apply to the entire family.
(16)
The costs related to testing may constitute a significant obstacle in particular to companies manufacturing components, separate technical units or systems in small numbers. In order to provide an economically viable alternative to certification, standard values should be set out for certain components, separate technical units and systems with the possibility of using those values instead of the certified values determined on the basis of testing. Standard values should, however, be set out in a way to encourage suppliers of components, separate technical units and systems to apply for certification.
(17)
In order to ensure that the results relating to CO2 emissions and fuel consumption declared by the suppliers of components, separate technical units and systems as well as vehicle manufacturers are correct, provisions for verifying and ensuring the conformity of the simulation tool operation as well as of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the relevant components, separate technical units and systems should be set out.
(18)
In order to ensure sufficient lead time for the national authorities and the industry, the obligation to determine and declare CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles should be implemented gradually for different vehicle groups starting with the vehicles which are the biggest contributors to CO2 emissions of the heavy-duty sector.
(19)
The provisions set out in this Regulation form part of the framework established by Directive 2007/46/EC and complement the provisions for type approval with regard to emissions and vehicle repair and maintenance information laid down in Regulation (EU) No 582/2011. To establish a clear relationship between those provisions and this Regulation, Directive 2007/46/EC and Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 should be amended accordingly.
(20)
The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Technical Committee Motor Vehicles,
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: