1.Official certificates shall be issued by the competent authorities.
2.Competent authorities shall designate the certifying officers who are authorised to sign official certificates and shall ensure that these officers:
(a)are impartial, free from any conflict of interest, and in particular are not in a situation which may, directly or indirectly, affect the impartiality of their professional conduct in relation to what is being certified; and
(b)have received appropriate training on the rules with which compliance is certified by an official certificate and on the technical assessment of compliance with those rules as well as with the relevant rules laid down in this Regulation.
3.Official certificates shall be signed by the certifying officer and issued on one of the following grounds:
(a)direct knowledge by the certifying officer of up-to-date facts and data relevant for the certification that is obtained through:
an official control; or
the acquisition of another official certificate issued by the competent authorities;
(b)facts and data relevant for the certification, knowledge of which was ascertained by another person authorised for that purpose by, and acting under the control of, the competent authorities, provided that the certifying officer can verify the accuracy of such facts and data;
(c)facts and data relevant for the certification which were obtained from the operators’ own control systems, complemented and confirmed by results from regular official controls, where the certifying officer is thus satisfied that the conditions for issuing the official certificate are met.
4.Official certificates shall be signed by the certifying officer and issued only on the basis of point (a) of paragraph 3 of this Article when rules referred to in Article 1(2) so require.