For the purposes of this Regulation, the definitions laid down in Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 2018/858 apply.
In addition, the following definitions apply:
‘vulnerable road user’ means non-motorised road users, including, in particular, cyclists and pedestrians, as well as users of powered two-wheelers;
‘tyre pressure monitoring system’ means a system fitted on a vehicle which can evaluate the pressure of the tyres or the variation of pressure over time and transmit corresponding information to the user while the vehicle is running;
‘intelligent speed assistance’ means a system to aid the driver in maintaining the appropriate speed for the road environment by providing dedicated and appropriate feedback;
‘alcohol interlock installation facilitation’ means a standardised interface that facilitates the fitting of aftermarket alcohol interlock devices in motor vehicles;
‘driver drowsiness and attention warning’ means a system that assesses the driver’s alertness through vehicle systems analysis and warns the driver if needed;
‘advanced driver distraction warning’ means a system that helps the driver to continue to pay attention to the traffic situation and that warns the driver when he or she is distracted;
‘emergency stop signal’ means a light-signalling function to indicate to other road users to the rear of the vehicle that a high retardation force is being applied to the vehicle relative to the prevailing road conditions;
‘reversing detection’ means a system to make the driver aware of people and objects at the rear of the vehicle with the primary aim of avoiding collisions when reversing;
‘lane departure warning system’ means a system to warn the driver that the vehicle is drifting out of its travel lane;
‘advanced emergency braking system’ means a system which can automatically detect a potential collision and activate the vehicle braking system to decelerate the vehicle with the purpose of avoiding or mitigating a collision;
‘emergency lane-keeping system’ means a system that assists the driver in keeping a safe position of the vehicle with respect to the lane or road boundary, at least when a lane departure occurs or is about to occur and a collision might be imminent;
‘vehicle master control switch’ means the device by which the vehicle’s on-board electronics system is brought, from being switched off, as in the case where a vehicle is parked without the driver being present, to normal operation mode;
‘event data recorder’ means a system with the only purpose of recording and storing critical crash-related parameters and information shortly before, during and immediately after a collision;
‘frontal protection system’ means a separate structure or structures, such as a bull bar, or a supplementary bumper which, in addition to the original‐equipment bumper, is intended to protect the external surface of the vehicle from damage in the event of a collision with an object, with the exception of structures having a mass of less than 0,5 kg, intended to protect only the vehicle’s lights;
‘bumper’ means any front, lower, outer structures of a vehicle, including attachments thereto, which are intended to give protection to a vehicle when involved in a low speed frontal collision with another vehicle; it does not include however any frontal protection system;
‘hydrogen-powered vehicle’ means any motor vehicle that uses hydrogen as fuel to propel the vehicle;
‘hydrogen system’ means an assembly of hydrogen components and connecting parts fitted on a hydrogen-powered vehicle, excluding the hydrogen-powered propulsion system or the auxiliary power unit;
‘hydrogen-powered propulsion system’ means the energy converter used to propel the vehicle;
‘hydrogen component’ means hydrogen containers and all other parts of hydrogen‐powered vehicles that are in direct contact with hydrogen or which form part of a hydrogen system;
‘hydrogen container’ means the component within the hydrogen system that stores the primary volume of hydrogen fuel;
‘automated vehicle’ means a motor vehicle designed and constructed to move autonomously for certain periods of time without continuous driver supervision but in respect of which driver intervention is still expected or required;
‘fully automated vehicle’ means a motor vehicle that has been designed and constructed to move autonomously without any driver supervision;
‘driver availability monitoring system’ means a system to assess whether the driver is in a position to take over the driving function from an automated vehicle in particular situations, where appropriate;
‘vehicle platooning’ means the linking of two or more vehicles in a convoy using connectivity technology and automated driving support systems which allow the vehicles to maintain automatically a set, close distance between each other when connected for certain parts of a journey and to adapt to changes in the movement of the lead vehicle with little to no action from the drivers;
‘maximum mass’ means the technically permissible maximum laden mass stated by the manufacturer;
‘A-pillar’ means the foremost and outermost roof support extending from the chassis to the roof of the vehicle.