originate, or are carried out, from outside the Union;

use infrastructure outside the Union;

are carried out by any natural or legal person, entity or body established or operating outside the Union; or

are carried out with the support, at the direction or under the control of any natural or legal person, entity or body operating outside the Union.

access to information systems;

information system interference;

data interference; or

data interception,

critical infrastructure, including submarine cables and objects launched into outer space, which is essential for the maintenance of vital functions of society, or the health, safety, security, and economic or social well-being of people;

services necessary for the maintenance of essential social and/or economic activities, in particular in the sectors of: energy (electricity, oil and gas); transport (air, rail, water and road); banking; financial market infrastructures; health (healthcare providers, hospitals and private clinics); drinking water supply and distribution; digital infrastructure; and any other sector which is essential to the Member State concerned;

critical State functions, in particular in the areas of defence, governance and the functioning of institutions, including for public elections or the voting process, the functioning of economic and civil infrastructure, internal security, and external relations, including through diplomatic missions;

the storage or processing of classified information; or

government emergency response teams.

‘information systems’ means a device or group of interconnected or related devices, one or more of which, pursuant to a programme, automatically processes digital data, as well as digital data stored, processed, retrieved or transmitted by that device or group of devices for the purposes of its or their operation, use, protection and maintenance;

‘information system interference’ means hindering or interrupting the functioning of an information system by inputting digital data, by transmitting, damaging, deleting, deteriorating, altering or suppressing such data, or by rendering such data inaccessible;

‘data interference’ means deleting, damaging, deteriorating, altering or suppressing digital data on an information system, or rendering such data inaccessible; it also includes theft of data, funds, economic resources or intellectual property;

‘data interception’ means intercepting, by technical means, non-public transmissions of digital data to, from or within an information system, including electromagnetic emissions from an information system carrying such digital data.

‘claim’ means any claim, whether asserted by legal proceedings or not, made before or after the date of entry into force of this Regulation, under or in connection with a contract or transaction, and includes in particular:

1. (i)

   a claim for performance of any obligation arising under or in connection with a contract or transaction;

2. (ii)

   a claim for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form;

3. (iii)

   a claim for compensation in respect of a contract or transaction;

4. (iv)

   a counterclaim;

5. (v)

   a claim for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur, of a judgment, an arbitration award or an equivalent decision, wherever made or given;

‘contract or transaction’ means any transaction of whatever form and whatever the applicable law, whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for this purpose, ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction;

‘competent authorities’ refers to the competent authorities of the Member States as identified on the websites listed in Annex II;

‘economic resources’ means assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds, but may be used to obtain funds, goods or services;

‘freezing of economic resources’ means preventing the use of economic resources to obtain funds, goods or services in any way, including, but not limited to, by selling, hiring or mortgaging them;

‘freezing of funds’ means preventing any move, transfer, alteration, use of, access to, or dealing with funds in any way that would result in any change in their volume, amount, location, ownership, possession, character or destination or any other change that would enable the funds to be used, including portfolio management;

‘funds’ means financial assets and benefit of every kind, including, but not limited to:

1. (i)

   cash, cheques, claims on money, drafts, money orders and other payment instruments;

2. (ii)

   deposits with financial institutions or other entities, balances on accounts, debts and debt obligations;

3. (iii)

   publicly-and privately-traded securities and debt instruments, including stocks and shares, certificates representing securities, bonds, notes, warrants, debentures and derivatives contracts;

4. (iv)

   interest, dividends or other income on or value accruing from or generated by assets;

5. (v)

   credit, right of set-off, guarantees, performance bonds or other financial commitments;

6. (vi)

   letters of credit, bills of lading and bills of sale; and

7. (vii)

   documents showing evidence of an interest in funds or financial resources;

‘territory of the Union’ means the territories of the Member States to which the Treaty is applicable, under the conditions laid down in the Treaty, including their airspace.

natural or legal persons, entities or bodies who are responsible for cyber-attacks or attempted cyber-attacks;

natural persons or legal persons, entities or bodies that provide financial, technical or material support for or are otherwise involved in cyber-attacks or attempted cyber-attacks, including by planning, preparing, participating in, directing, assisting or encouraging such attacks, or facilitating them whether by action or omission;

natural or legal persons, entities or bodies associated with the natural or legal persons, entities or bodies covered by points (a) and (b) of this paragraph.

necessary to satisfy the basic needs of the natural persons listed in Annex I and dependent family members of such natural persons, including payments for foodstuffs, rent or mortgage, medicines and medical treatment, taxes, insurance premiums, and public utility charges;

intended exclusively for the payment of reasonable professional fees or the reimbursement of incurred expenses associated with the provision of legal services;

intended exclusively for the payment of fees or service charges for the routine holding or maintenance of frozen funds or economic resources;

necessary for extraordinary expenses, provided that the relevant competent authority has notified the competent authorities of the other Member States and the Commission of the grounds on which it considers that a specific authorisation should be granted, at least two weeks prior to the authorisation; or

to be paid into or from an account of a diplomatic or consular mission or an international organisation enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, insofar as such payments are intended to be used for official purposes of the diplomatic or consular mission or international organisation.

the funds or economic resources are the subject of an arbitral decision rendered prior to the date on which the natural or legal person, entity or body referred to in Article 3 was listed in Annex I, or of a judicial or administrative decision rendered in the Union, or a judicial decision enforceable in the Member State concerned, prior to or after that date;

the funds or economic resources will be used exclusively to satisfy claims secured by such a decision or recognised as valid in such a decision, within the limits set by applicable laws and regulations governing the rights of persons having such claims;

the decision is not for the benefit of a natural or legal person, entity or body listed in Annex I; and

recognition of the decision is not contrary to public policy in the Member State concerned.

the funds or economic resources will be used for a payment by a natural or legal person, entity or body listed in Annex I; and

the payment is not in breach of Article 3(2).

interest or other earnings on those accounts;

payments due under contracts, agreements or obligations that were concluded or arose before the date on which the natural or legal person, entity or body referred to in Article 3(1) was included in Annex I; or

payments due under judicial, administrative or arbitral decisions rendered in a Member State or enforceable in the Member State concerned,

supply immediately any information which would facilitate compliance with this Regulation, such as information on accounts and amounts frozen in accordance with Article 3(1), to the competent authority of the Member State where they are resident or located, and transmit such information, directly or through the Member State, to the Commission; and

cooperate with the competent authority in any verification of the information referred to in point (a).

designated natural or legal persons, entities or bodies listed in Annex I;

any natural or legal person, entity or body acting through or on behalf of one of the natural or legal persons, entities or bodies referred to in point (a).

funds frozen under Article 3 and authorisations granted under Articles 4, 5 and 6;

violation and enforcement problems and judgments handed down by national courts.

adding the contents of Annex I to the electronic, consolidated list of persons, groups and entities subject to Union financial sanctions and to the interactive sanctions map, both publicly available;

processing information on the impact of the measures of this Regulation such as the value of frozen funds and information on authorisations granted by the competent authorities.