- Latest available (Revised)
- Original (As enacted)
Employment Rights Act 1996, Section 183 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 31 August 2024. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations.
Revised legislation carried on this site may not be fully up to date. Changes and effects are recorded by our editorial team in lists which can be found in the ‘Changes to Legislation’ area. Where those effects have yet to be applied to the text of the legislation by the editorial team they are also listed alongside the legislation in the affected provisions. Use the ‘more’ link to open the changes and effects relevant to the provision you are viewing.
Whole provisions yet to be inserted into this Act (including any effects on those provisions):
(1)An employer has become insolvent for the purposes of this Part—
(a)where the employer is an individual, if (but only if) subsection [F1(2), (4ZA) or (4A)] is satisfied, F2. . .
(b)where the employer is a company, if (but only if) subsection [F3(3), (4ZA) or (4A)] is satisfied [F4, F5...
F4(c)where the employer is a limited liability partnership, if (but only if) subsection [F6(4), (4ZA) or (4A)] is satisfied.][F7; and
(d)where the employer is not any of the above, if (but only if) subsection [F8(4ZA) or (4A)] is satisfied.]
(2)This subsection is satisfied in the case of an employer who is an individual—
(a)in England and Wales if—
[F9(ai)a moratorium period under a debt relief order applies in relation to him,]
(i)he has been [F10made] bankrupt or has made a composition or arrangement with his creditors, or
(ii)he has died and his estate falls to be administered in accordance with an order under section 421 of the M1Insolvency Act 1986, and
(b)in Scotland if—
(i)sequestration of his estate has been awarded or he has executed a trust deed for his creditors or has entered into a composition contract, or
(ii)he has died and a judicial factor appointed under section 11A of the M2Judicial Factors (Scotland) Act 1889 is required by that section to divide his insolvent estate among his creditors.
(3)This subsection is satisfied in the case of an employer which is a company—
(a)if a winding up order F11. . . has been made, or a resolution for voluntary winding up has been passed, with respect to the company,
[F12(aa)if the company is in administration for the purposes of the Insolvency Act 1986,]
(b)if a receiver or (in England and Wales only) a manager of the company’s undertaking has been duly appointed, or (in England and Wales only) possession has been taken, by or on behalf of the holders of any debentures secured by a floating charge, of any property of the company comprised in or subject to the charge, or
(c)if a voluntary arrangement proposed in the case of the company for the purposes of Part I of the M3Insolvency Act 1986 has been approved under that Part of that Act.
[F13(4)This subsection is satisfied in the case of an employer which is a limited liability partnership—
(a)if a winding-up order, an administration order or a determination for a voluntary winding-up has been made with respect to the limited liability partnership,
(b)if a receiver or (in England and Wales only) a manager of the undertaking of the limited liability partnership has been duly appointed, or (in England and Wales only) possession has been taken, by or on behalf of the holders of any debentures secured by a floating charge, of any property of the limited liability partnership comprised in or subject to the charge, or
(c)if a voluntary arrangement proposed in the case of the limited liability partnership for the purposes of Part I of the Insolvency Act 1986 has been approved under that Part of that Act.]
[F14(4ZA)This subsection is satisfied in the case of an employer if—
(a)the employer is a legal person,
(b)a request has been made for the first opening of collective proceedings—
(i)based on the insolvency of the employer, as provided for under the law of any part of the United Kingdom, and
(ii)involving the partial or total divestment of the employer's assets and the appointment of a liquidator or a person performing a similar task, and
(c)any of the following has decided to open the proceedings—
(i)a court,
(ii)a meeting of creditors, or
(iii)the creditors by a decision procedure.]
[F15(4A)This subsection is satisfied in the case of an employer if—
(a)a request has been made for the first opening of collective proceedings—
(i)based on the insolvency of the employer, as provided for under the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of a member State, and
(ii)involving the partial or total divestment of the employer’s assets and the appointment of a liquidator or a person performing a similar task, and
(b)the competent authority has—
(i)decided to open the proceedings, or
(ii)established that the employer’s undertaking or business has been definitively closed down and the available assets of the employer are insufficient to warrant the opening of the proceedings.
(4B)For the purposes of [F16this section]—
(a)“liquidator or person performing a similar task” includes the official receiver or an administrator, trustee in bankruptcy, judicial factor, supervisor of a voluntary arrangement, or person performing a similar task,
(b)“competent authority” includes—
(i)a court,
(ii)a meeting of creditors,
(iii)a creditors’ committee,
(iv)the creditors by a decision procedure, and
(v)an authority of a member State empowered to open insolvency proceedings, to confirm the opening of such proceedings or to take decisions in the course of such proceedings.
(4C)An employee may apply under section 182 (employee’s rights on insolvency of employer) only if he or she worked or habitually worked in England, Wales or Scotland in that employment to which the application relates.]
[F17(5)In this section—
(a)references to a company are to be read as including references to a charitable incorporated organisation, and
(b)any reference to the Insolvency Act 1986 in relation to a company is to be read as including a reference to that Act as it applies to charitable incorporated organisations.]
Textual Amendments
F1Words in s. 183(1)(a) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Insolvency (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/146), reg. 1(3), Sch. para. 253(3)(a)(i) (with regs. 4, 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F2Word in s. 183(1) omitted (6.4.2001) by virtue of S.I. 2001/1090, reg. 5 Sch. 5 para. 19(2)
F3Words in s. 183(1)(b) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Insolvency (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/146), reg. 1(3), Sch. para. 253(3)(a)(ii) (with regs. 4, 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F4S. 183(1)(c) and word “and” immediately preceding it inserted (6.4.2001) by S.I. 2001/1090, reg. 5, Sch. 5 para. 19(1)(2)
F5Word in s. 183(1)(b) omitted (26.12.2017) by virtue of The Employment Rights Act 1996 and Pension Schemes Act 1993 (Amendment) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/1205), regs. 1, 2(3)(a)(ii)
F6Words in s. 183(1)(c) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Insolvency (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/146), reg. 1(3), Sch. para. 253(3)(a)(iii) (with regs. 4, 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F7S. 183(1)(d) and word inserted (26.12.2017) by The Employment Rights Act 1996 and Pension Schemes Act 1993 (Amendment) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/1205), regs. 1, 2(3)(a)(iv)
F8Words in s. 183(1)(d) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Insolvency (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/146), reg. 1(3), Sch. para. 253(3)(a)(iv) (with regs. 4, 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F9S. 183(2)(ai) inserted (24.2.2009 for certain purposes otherwise 6.4.2009) by Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15), ss. 108(3), 148(5), Sch. 20 para. 17; S.I. 2009/382, art. 2(a)(b)
F10Word in s. 183(2)(a)(i) substituted (6.4.2016) by The Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (Consequential Amendments) (Bankruptcy) and the Small Business, Enterprise and Employment Act 2015 (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2016 (S.I. 2016/481), reg. 1, Sch. 1 para. 18
F11Words in s. 183(3)(a) repealed (15.9.2003) by Enterprise Act 2002 (c. 40), ss. 248, 278, 279, Sch. 17 para. 49(3)(a), Sch. 26 (with s. 249(1)-(3)); S.I. 2003/2093, art. 2(1) (subject to arts. 5-8) (as amended by S.I. 2003/3340, art. 2)
F12S. 183(3)(aa) inserted (15.9.2003) by Enterprise Act 2002 (c. 40), ss. 248, 278, Sch. 17 para. 49(3)(b) (with s. 249(1)-(3)); S.I. 2003/2093, art. 2(1) (subject to arts. 5-8) (as amended by S.I. 2003/3340, art. 2)
F13S. 183(4) inserted (6.4.2001) by S.I. 2001/1090, reg. 5, Sch. 5 para. 19(1)(3)
F14S. 183(4ZA) inserted (31.12.2020) by The Insolvency (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/146), reg. 1(3), Sch. para. 253(3)(b) (with regs. 4, 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F15S. 183(4A)-(4C) inserted (26.12.2017) by The Employment Rights Act 1996 and Pension Schemes Act 1993 (Amendment) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/1205), regs. 1, 2(3)(b)
F16Words in s. 183(4B) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Insolvency (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/146), reg. 1(3), Sch. para. 253(3)(c) (with regs. 4, 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F17S. 183(5) inserted (E.W.) (2.1.2013) by The Charitable Incorporated Organisations (Consequential Amendments) Order 2012 (S.I. 2012/3014), arts. 1, 4
Marginal Citations
The Whole Act you have selected contains over 200 provisions and might take some time to download. You may also experience some issues with your browser, such as an alert box that a script is taking a long time to run.
Would you like to continue?
The Whole Act you have selected contains over 200 provisions and might take some time to download.
Would you like to continue?
The Whole Act without Schedules you have selected contains over 200 provisions and might take some time to download. You may also experience some issues with your browser, such as an alert box that a script is taking a long time to run.
Would you like to continue?
The Whole Act without Schedules you have selected contains over 200 provisions and might take some time to download.
Would you like to continue?
The Whole Act you have selected contains over 200 provisions and might take some time to download. You may also experience some issues with your browser, such as an alert box that a script is taking a long time to run.
Would you like to continue?
The Whole Act without Schedules you have selected contains over 200 provisions and might take some time to download. You may also experience some issues with your browser, such as an alert box that a script is taking a long time to run.
Would you like to continue?
Latest Available (revised):The latest available updated version of the legislation incorporating changes made by subsequent legislation and applied by our editorial team. Changes we have not yet applied to the text, can be found in the ‘Changes to Legislation’ area.
Original (As Enacted or Made): The original version of the legislation as it stood when it was enacted or made. No changes have been applied to the text.
Geographical Extent: Indicates the geographical area that this provision applies to. For further information see ‘Frequently Asked Questions’.
Show Timeline of Changes: See how this legislation has or could change over time. Turning this feature on will show extra navigation options to go to these specific points in time. Return to the latest available version by using the controls above in the What Version box.
Access essential accompanying documents and information for this legislation item from this tab. Dependent on the legislation item being viewed this may include:
This timeline shows the different points in time where a change occurred. The dates will coincide with the earliest date on which the change (e.g an insertion, a repeal or a substitution) that was applied came into force. The first date in the timeline will usually be the earliest date when the provision came into force. In some cases the first date is 01/02/1991 (or for Northern Ireland legislation 01/01/2006). This date is our basedate. No versions before this date are available. For further information see the Editorial Practice Guide and Glossary under Help.
Use this menu to access essential accompanying documents and information for this legislation item. Dependent on the legislation item being viewed this may include:
Click 'View More' or select 'More Resources' tab for additional information including: