Collection and enforcement
Collection of child support maintenance29.
(1)
The Department may F1(subject to Article 7(2A) F2and (3A)) arrange for the collection of any child support maintenance payable in accordance with a F3maintenance calculation where—
F4(a)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b)
an application has been made to the Department under Article 7(2) F5or (3A) for the Department to arrange for its collection.
(2)
(3)
The regulations may, in particular, make provision—
(a)
for payments of child support maintenance to be made—
(i)
to the person caring for the child or children in question;
(ii)
to, or through, the Department; or
(iii)
to, or through, such other person as the Department may specify;
(b)
as to the method by which payments of child support maintenance are to be made;
F8(c)
for determining, on the basis of prescribed assumptions, the total amount of the payments of child support maintenance payable in a reference period (including provision for adjustments to such an amount);
(ca)
requiring payments of child support maintenance to be made—
(i)
by reference to such an amount and a reference period; and
(ii)
at prescribed intervals falling in a reference period;
(d)
as to the method and timing of the transmission of payments which are made to or through the Department or any other person, in accordance with the regulations;
(e)
empowering the Department to direct any person liable to make payments in accordance with the F9calculation—
(i)
to make them by standing order or by any other method which requires one person to give his authority for payments to be made from an account of his to an account of another's on specific dates during the period for which the authority is in force and without the need for any further authority from him;
(ii)
to open an account from which payments under the F10calculation may be made in accordance with the method of payment which that person is obliged to adopt;
(f)
providing for the making of representations with respect to matters with which the regulations are concerned.
F11(3A)
In paragraph (3)(c) and (ca) “a reference period” means—
(a)
a period of 52 weeks beginning with a prescribed date; or
(b)
in prescribed circumstances, a prescribed period.
F12(4)
If the regulations include provision for payment by means of deduction in accordance with an order under Article 31, they must make provision—
(a)
for that method of payment not to be used in any case where there is good reason not to use it; and
(b)
for the person against whom the order under Article 31 would be made to have a right of appeal to a court of summary jurisdiction against a decision that the exclusion required by sub-paragraph (a) does not apply.
(5)
On an appeal under regulations made under paragraph (4)(b) the court shall not question the maintenance calculation by reference to which the order under Article 31 would be made.
(6)
Regulations under paragraph (4)(b) may include—
(a)
provision with respect to the period within which a right of appeal under the regulations may be exercised;
(b)
provision with respect to the powers of a court of summary jurisdiction in relation to an appeal under the regulations.
(7)
If the regulations include provision for payment by means of deduction in accordance with an order under Article 31, they may make provision
(a)
prescribing matters which are, or are not, to be taken into account in determining whether there is good reason not to use that method of payment;
(b)
prescribing circumstances in which good reason not to use that method of payment is, or is not, to be regarded as existing.
Collection and enforcement of other forms of maintenance30.
(1)
Where the Department is arranging for the collection of any payments under Article 29 or paragraph (2), it may also arrange for the collection of any periodical payments, or secured periodical payments, of a prescribed kind which are payable to or for the benefit of any person who falls within a prescribed category.
F13(2)
The Department may, except in prescribed cases, arrange for the collection of any periodical payments, or secured periodical payments, of a prescribed kind which are payable for the benefit of a child even though the Department is not arranging for the collection of child support maintenance with respect to that child.
(3)
Where—
(a)
the Department is arranging, under this Order, for the collection of different payments ( “the payments”) from the same F14non-resident parent;
(b)
an amount is collected by the Department from the F14non-resident parent which is less than the total amount due in respect of the payments; and
(c)
the F14non-resident parent has not stipulated how that amount is to be allocated by the Department as between payments,
the Department may allocate that amount as it sees fit.
(4)
The Department may by regulations make provision for Articles 29 and 31 to 37 to apply, with such modifications (if any) as it considers necessary or expedient, for the purpose of enabling it to enforce any obligation to pay any amount F15for the collection of which it is authorised under this Article to make arrangements.
Deduction from earnings orders31.
(1)
This Article applies where any person ( “the liable person”) is liable to make payments of child support maintenance.
(2)
The Department may make an order ( “a deduction from earnings order”) against a liable person to secure the payment of any amount due under the F16maintenance calculation in question.
(3)
A deduction from earnings order may be made so as to secure the payment of—
(a)
arrears of child support maintenance payable under the F17calculation;
(b)
amounts of child support maintenance which will become due under the F18calculation; or
(c)
both such arrears and such future amounts.
(4)
A deduction from earnings order—
(a)
shall be expressed to be directed at a person (“the employer”) who has the liable person in his employment; and
(b)
shall have effect from such date as may be specified in the order.
(5)
A deduction from earnings order shall operate as an instruction to the employer to—
(a)
make deductions from the liable person's earnings; and
(b)
pay the amounts deducted to the Department.
(6)
The Department shall serve a copy of any deduction from earnings order which it makes under this Article on—
(a)
the person who appears to the Department to have the liable person in question in his employment; and
(b)
the liable person.
(7)
Where—
(a)
a deduction from earnings order has been made; and
(b)
a copy of the order has been served on the liable person's employer,
it shall be the duty of that employer to comply with the order; but he shall not be under any liability for non-compliance before the end of the period of 7 days beginning with the date on which the copy was served on him.
(8)
In this Article and in Article 32 “earnings” has such meaning as may be prescribed.
Regulations about deduction from earnings orders32.
(1)
The Department may by regulations make provision with respect to deduction from earnings orders.
(2)
The regulations may, in particular, make provision—
(a)
as to the circumstances in which one person is to be treated as employed by another;
(b)
requiring any deduction from earnings under an order to be made in the prescribed manner;
F19(bb)
for the amount or amounts which are to be deducted from the liable person’s earnings not to exceed a prescribed proportion of his earnings (as determined by the employer);
(c)
requiring an order to specify the amount or amounts to which the order relates and the amount or amounts which are to be deducted from the liable person's earnings in order to meet his liabilities under the F20maintenance calculation in question;
(d)
requiring the intervals between deductions to be made under an order to be specified in the order;
(e)
as to the payment of sums deducted under an order to the Department;
(f)
allowing the person who deducts and pays any amount under an order to deduct from the liable person's earnings a prescribed sum towards his administrative costs;
(g)
with respect to the notification to be given to the liable person of amounts deducted, and amounts paid, under the order;
(h)
requiring any person on whom a copy of an order is served to notify the Department in the prescribed manner and within a prescribed period if he does not have the liable person in his employment or if the liable person ceases to be in his employment;
(i)
as to the operation of an order where the liable person is in the employment of the Crown;
(j)
for the variation of orders;
(k)
similar to that made by Article 31(7), in relation to any variation of an order;
(l)
for an order to lapse when the employer concerned ceases to have the liable person in his employment;
(m)
as to the revival of an order in such circumstances as may be prescribed;
(n)
allowing or requiring an order to be discharged;
(o)
as to the giving of notice by the Department to the employer concerned that an order has lapsed or has ceased to have effect.
(3)
The regulations may include provision that while a deduction from earnings order is in force—
(a)
the liable person shall notify the Department, in the prescribed manner and within a prescribed period, of each occasion on which he leaves any employment or becomes employed, or re-employed, and shall include in such a notification a statement of his earnings and expected earnings from the employment concerned and of such other matters as may be prescribed;
(b)
any person who becomes the liable person's employer and knows that the order is in force shall notify the Department, in the prescribed manner and within a prescribed period, that he is the liable person's employer, and shall include in such a notification a statement of the liable person's earnings and expected earnings from the employment concerned and of such other matters as may be prescribed.
(4)
The regulations may include provision with respect to the priority as between a deduction from earnings order and—
(a)
any other deduction from earnings order;
(b)
any order under any other statutory provision which provides for deductions from the liable person's earnings.
(5)
The regulations may include a provision that a liable person may appeal to a court of summary jurisdiction if he is aggrieved by the making of a deduction from earnings order against him, or by the terms of any such order, or there is a dispute as to whether payments constitute earnings or as to any other prescribed matter relating to the order.
(6)
On an appeal under paragraph (5) the court shall not question the F21maintenance calculation by reference to which the deduction from earnings order was made.
(7)
Regulations made by virtue of paragraph (5) may include F22—
(a)
provision with respect to the period within which a right of appeal under the regulations may be exercised;
(b)
provision as to the powers of a court of summary jurisdiction in relation to an appeal (which may include provision as to the quashing of a deduction from earnings order or the variation of the terms of such an order).
(8)
If any person fails to comply with the requirements of a deduction from earnings order or with any regulation under this Article which is designated for the purposes of this paragraph, he shall be guilty of an offence.
(9)
In paragraph (8) “designated” means designated by the regulations.
(10)
It shall be a defence for a person charged with an offence under paragraph (8) to prove that he took all reasonable steps to comply with the requirements in question.
(11)
Any person guilty of an offence under paragraph (8) shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 2 on the standard scale.
F23Orders for regular deductions from accounts32A
(1)
If in relation to any person it appears to the Department—
(a)
that the person has failed to pay an amount of child support maintenance; and
(b)
that the person holds an account with a deposit-taker;
it may make an order against that person to secure the payment of any amount due under the maintenance calculation in question by means of regular deductions from the account
(2)
An order under this Article may be made so as to secure the payment of—
(a)
arrears of child support maintenance payable under the calculation;
(b)
amounts of child support maintenance which will become payable under the calculation; or
(c)
both such arrears and such future amounts.
(3)
An order under this Article may be made in respect of amounts due under a maintenance calculation which is the subject of an appeal only if it appears to the Department—
(a)
that liability for the amounts would not be affected were the appeal to succeed; or
(b)
where sub-paragraph (a) does not apply, that the making of an order under this Article in respect of the amounts would nonetheless be fair in all the circumstances.
(4)
An order under this Article—
(a)
may not be made in respect of an account of a prescribed description; and
(b)
may be made in respect of a joint account which is held by the person against whom the order is made and one or more other persons, and which is not of a description prescribed under sub-paragraph (a), if (but only if) regulations made by the Department so provide.
(5)
An order under this Article—
(a)
shall specify the account in respect of which it is made;
(b)
shall be expressed to be directed at the deposit-taker with which the account is held; and
(c)
shall have effect from such date as may be specified in the order.
(6)
An order under this Article shall operate as an instruction to the deposit-taker at which it is directed to—
(a)
make deductions from the amount (if any) standing to the credit of the account specified in the order; and
(b)
pay the amount deducted to the Department.
(7)
The Department shall serve a copy of any order made under this Article on—
(a)
the deposit-taker at which it is directed;
(b)
the person against whom it is made; and
(c)
if the order is made in respect of a joint account, the other account holders.
(8)
Where—
(a)
an order under this Article has been made; an
(b)
a copy of the order has been served on the deposit-taker at which it is directed,
it shall be the duty of that deposit-taker to comply with the order; but the deposit-taker shall not be under any liability for non-compliance before the end of the period of 7 days beginning with the day on which the copy was served on the deposit-taker.
(9)
Where regulations have been made under Article 29(3)(a), a person liable to pay an amount of child support maintenance is to be taken for the purposes of this Article to have failed to pay an amount of child support maintenance unless it is paid to or through the person specified in, or by virtue of, the regulations for the case in question.
Orders under Article 32A: joint accounts32B
(1)
Before making an order under Article 32A in respect of a joint account the Department shall offer each of the account-holders an opportunity to make representations about—
(a)
the proposal to make the order; and
(b)
the amounts to be deducted under the order, if it is made.
(2)
The amounts to be deducted from a joint account under such an order shall not exceed the amounts that appear to the Department to be fair in all the circumstances.
(3)
In determining those amounts the Department shall have particular regard to—
(a)
any representations made in accordance with paragraph (1)(b);
(b)
the amount contributed to the account by each of the account-holders; and
(c)
such other matters as may be prescribed.
Regulations about orders under Article 32A32C
(1)
The Department may by regulations make provision with respect to orders under Article 32A.
(2)
Regulations under paragraph (1) may, in particular, make provision—
(a)
requiring an order to specify the amount or amounts in respect of which it is made;
(b)
requiring an order to specify the amounts which are to be deducted under it in order to meet liabilities under the maintenance calculation in question;
(c)
requiring an order to specify the dates on which deductions are to be made under it;
(d)
for the rate of deduction under an order not to exceed such rate as may be specified in, or determined in accordance with, the regulations;
(e)
as to circumstances in which amounts standing to the credit of an account are to be disregarded for the purposes of Article 32A
(f)
as to the payment of sums deducted under an order to the Department;
(g)
allowing the deposit-taker at which an order is directed to deduct from the amount standing to the credit of the account specified in the order a prescribed amount towards its administrative costs before making any deduction required by Article 32A(6)(a);
(h)
with respect to notifications to be given to the person against whom an order is made (and, in the case of an order made in respect of a joint account, to the other account holders) of amounts deducted, and amounts paid, under the order;
(i)
requiring the deposit-taker at which an order is directed to notify the Department in the prescribed manner and within a prescribed period—
(i)
if the account specified in the order does not exist at the time at which the order is served on the deposit-taker;
(ii)
of any other accounts held with the deposit-taker at that time by the person against whom the order is made;
(j)
requiring the deposit-taker at which an order is directed to notify the Department in the prescribed manner and within a prescribed period if, after the time at which the order is served on the deposit-taker—
(i)
the account specified in the order is closed;
(ii)
a new account of any description is opened with the deposit-taker by the person against whom the order is made;
(k)
as to circumstances in which the deposit-taker at which an order is directed, the person against whom the order is made and (in the case of an order made in respect of a joint account) the other account-holders may apply to the Department for it to review the order and as to such a review;
(l)
for the variation of orders;
(m)
similar to that made by Article 32A(8), in relation to any variation of an order;
(n)
for an order to lapse in such circumstances as may be prescribed;
(o)
as to the revival of an order in such circumstances as may be prescribed;
(p)
allowing or requiring an order to be discharged;
(q)
as to the giving of notice by the Department to the deposit-taker that an order has lapsed or ceased to have effect.
(3)
The Department may by regulations make provision with respect to priority as between an order under Article 32A and—
(a)
any other order under that Article;
(b)
any order under any other statutory provision which provides for deductions from the same account.
(4)
The Department shall by regulations make provision for any person affected to have a right to appeal to a court
(a)
against the making of an order under Article 32A;
(b)
against any decision made by the Department on an application under regulations made under paragraph (2)(k).
(5)
On an appeal under regulations made under paragraph (4)(a), the court shall not question the maintenance calculation by reference to which the order was made.
(6)
Regulations under paragraph (4) may include—
(a)
provision with respect to the period within which a right of appeal under the regulations may be exercised;
(b)
provision with respect to the powers of the court to which the appeal under the regulations lies.
Orders under Article 32A: offences32D
(1)
A person who fails to comply with the requirements of—
(a)
an order under Article 32A, or
(b)
any regulation under Article 32C which is designated by the regulations for the purposes of this sub-paragraph,
commits an offence.
(2)
It shall be a defence for a person charged with an offence under paragraph (1) to prove that the person took all reasonable steps to comply with the requirements in question.
(3)
A person guilty of an offence under paragraph (1) shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 2 on the standard scale.
F24Lump sum deductions: interim orders32E
(1)
The Department may make an order under this Article if it appears to the Department that a person (referred to in this Article and Articles 32F to 32J as “the liable person”) has failed to pay an amount of child support maintenance and—
(a)
an amount stands to the credit of an account held by the liable person with a deposit-taker; or
(b)
an amount not within sub-paragraph (a) that is of a prescribed description is due or accruing to the liable person from another person (referred to in this Article and Articles 32F to 32J as the “third party”).
(2)
An order under this Article—
(a)
may not be made by virtue of paragraph (1)(a) in respect of an account of a prescribed description; an
(b)
may be made by virtue of paragraph (1)(a) in respect of a joint account which is held by the liable person and one or more other persons, and which is not of a description prescribed under sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph, if (but only if) regulations made by the Department so provide.
(3)
The Department may by regulations make provision as to conditions that are to be disregarded in determining whether an amount is due or accruing to the liable person for the purposes of paragraph (1)(b).
(4)
An order under this Article—
(a)
shall be expressed to be directed at the deposit-taker or third party in question;
(b)
if made by virtue of paragraph (1)(a), shall specify the account in respect of which it is made; and
(c)
shall specify the amount of arrears of child support maintenance in respect of which the Department proposes to make an order under Article 32F.
(5)
An order under this Article may specify an amount of arrears due under a maintenance calculation which is the subject of an appeal only if it appears to the Department—
(a)
that liability for the amount would not be affected were the appeal to succeed; or
(b)
where sub-paragraph (a) does not apply, that the making of an order under Article 32F in respect of the amount would nonetheless be fair in all the circumstances.
(6)
The Department shall serve a copy of any order made under this Article on—
(a)
the deposit-taker or third party at which it is directed;
(b)
the liable person; and
(c)
if the order is made in respect of a joint account, the other account-holders.
(7)
An order under this Article shall come into force at the time at which it is served on the deposit-taker or third party at which it is directed.
(8)
An order under this Article shall cease to be in force at the earliest of the following—
(a)
the time at which the prescribed period ends;
(b)
the time at which the order under this Article lapses or is discharged; and
(c)
the time at which an order under Article 32F made in pursuance of the proposal specified in the order under this Article is served on the deposit-taker or third party at which that order is directed.
(9)
Where regulations have been made under Article 29(3)(a), a person liable to pay an amount of child support maintenance is to be taken for the purposes of this Article to have failed to pay the amount unless it is paid to or through the person specified in, or by virtue of, the regulations for the case in question.
Lump sum deductions: final order32F
(1)
The Department may make an order under this Article in pursuance of a proposal specified in an order under Article 32E if—
(a)
the order in which the proposal was specified (“the interim order”) is in force;
(b)
the period prescribed for the making of representations to the Department in respect of the proposal specified in the interim order has expired; and
(c)
the Department has considered any representations made to it during that period.
(2)
An order under this Article—
(a)
shall be expressed to be directed at the deposit-taker or third party at which the interim order was directed;
(b)
if the interim order was made by virtue of Article 32E(1)(a), shall specify the account specified in the interim order; and
(c)
shall specify the amount of arrears of child support maintenance in respect of which it is made.
(3)
The amount so specified—
(a)
shall not exceed the amount of arrears specified in the interim order which remain unpaid at the time at which the order under this Article is made; and
(b)
if the order is made in respect of a joint account, shall not exceed the amount that appears to the Department to be fair in all the circumstances.
(4)
In determining the amount to be specified in an order made in respect of a joint account the Department shall have particular regard—
(a)
to the amount contributed to the account by each of the account-holders; and
(b)
to such other matters as may be prescribed.
(5)
An order under this Article may specify an amount of arrears due under a maintenance calculation which is the subject of an appeal only if it appears to the Department—
(a)
that liability for the amount would not be affected were the appeal to succeed; or
(b)
where sub-paragraph (a) does not apply, that the making of an order under this Article in respect of the amount would nonetheless be fair in all the circumstances.
(6)
The Department shall serve a copy of any order made under this Article on—
(a)
the deposit-taker or third party at which it is directed;
(b)
the liable person; an
(c)
if the order is made in respect of a joint account, the other account-holders.
Orders under Articles 32E and 32F: freezing of accounts etc.32G
(1)
During the relevant period, an order under Article 32E or 32F which specifies an account held with a deposit-taker shall operate as an instruction to the deposit-taker not to do anything that would reduce the amount standing to the credit of the account below the amount specified in the order (or, if already below that amount, that would further reduce it).
(2)
During the relevant period, any other order under Article 32E or 32F shall operate as an instruction to the third party at which it is directed not to do anything that would reduce the amount due to the liable person below the amount specified in the order (or, if already below that amount, that would further reduce it).
(3)
Paragraphs (1) and (2) have effect subject to regulations made under Article 32I(1).
(4)
In this Article “the relevant period”, in relation to an order under Article 32E, means the period during which the order is in force.
(5)
In this Article and Article 32H “the relevant period”, in relation to an order under Article 32F, means the period which—
(a)
begins with the service of the order on the deposit-taker or third party at which it is directed; and
(b)
(subject to paragraph (6)) ends with the end of the period during which an appeal can be brought against the order by virtue of regulations under Article 32J(5).
(6)
If an appeal is brought by virtue of the regulations, the relevant period ends at the time at which—
(a)
proceedings on the appeal (including any proceedings on a further appeal) have been concluded; and
(b)
any period during which a further appeal may ordinarily be brought has ended.
(7)
References in this Article and Articles 32H and 32J to the amount due to the liable person are to be read as references to the total of any amounts within Article 32E(1)(b) that are due or accruing to the liable person from the third party in question.
Orders under Article 32F: deductions and payments32H
(1)
Once the relevant period has ended, an order under Article 32F which specifies an account held with a deposit-taker shall operate as an instruction to the deposit-taker—
(a)
if the amount standing to the credit of the account is less than the remaining amount, to pay to the Department the amount standing to the credit of the account; and
(b)
otherwise, to deduct from the account and pay to the Department the remaining amount
(2)
If an amount of arrears specified in the order remains unpaid after any payment required by paragraph (1) has been made, the order shall operate until the relevant time as an instruction to the deposit-taker—
(a)
to pay to the Department any amount (not exceeding the remaining amount) standing to the credit of the account specified in the order; and
(b)
not to do anything else that would reduce the amount standing to the credit of the account.
(3)
Once the relevant period has ended, any other order under Article 32F shall operate as an instruction to the third party at which it is directed—
(a)
if the amount due to the liable person is less than the remaining amount, to pay to the Department the amount due to the liable person; and
(b)
otherwise, to deduct from the amount due to the liable person and pay to the Department the remaining amount.
(4)
If an amount of arrears specified in the order remains unpaid after any payment required by paragraph (3) has been made, the order shall operate until the relevant time as an instruction to the third party—
(a)
to pay to the Department any amount (not exceeding the remaining amount) due to the liable person; and
(b)
not to do anything else that would reduce any amount due to the liable person.
(5)
This Article has effect subject to regulations made under Articles 32I(1) and 32J(2)(c).
(6)
In this Article—
“the relevant time” means the earliest of the following—
(a)
the time at which the remaining amount is paid;
(b)
the time at which the order lapses or is discharged; and
(c)
the time at which a prescribed event occurs or prescribed circumstances arise;
“the remaining amount”, in relation to any time, means the amount of arrears specified in the order under Article 32F which remains unpaid at that time.
Power to disapply Articles 32G(1) and (2) and 32H(2)(b) and (4)(b)32I
(1)
The Department may by regulations make provision as to circumstances in which things that would otherwise be in breach of Articles 32G(1) and (2) and 32H(2)(b) and (4)(b) may be done.
(2)
Regulations under paragraph (1) may require the Department's consent to be obtained in prescribed circumstances.
(3)
Regulations under paragraph (1) which require the Department's consent to be obtained may provide for an application for that consent to be made
(a)
by the deposit-taker or third party at which the order under Article 32E or 32F is directed;
(b)
by the liable person; and
(c)
if the order is made in respect of a joint account, by any of the other account-holders.
(4)
If regulations under paragraph (1) require the Department's consent to be obtained, the Department shall by regulations provide for a person of a prescribed description to have a right of appeal to a court against the withholding of that consent.
(5)
Regulations under paragraph (4) may include—
(a)
provision with respect to the period within which a right of appeal under the regulations may be exercised;
(b)
provision with respect to the powers of the court to which the appeal under the regulations lies.
Regulations about orders under Article 32E or 32F32J
(1)
The Department may by regulations make provision with respect to orders under Article 32E or 32F.
(2)
The regulations may, in particular, make provision—
(a)
as to circumstances in which amounts standing to the credit of an account are to be disregarded for the purposes of Articles 32E, 32G and 32H;
(b)
as to the payment to the Department of sums deducted under an order under Article 32F;
(c)
allowing a deposit-taker or third party at which an order under Article 32F is directed to deduct from the amount standing to the credit of the account specified in the order, or due to the liable person, a prescribed amount towards its administrative costs before making any payment to the Department required by Article 32H;
(d)
with respect to notifications to be given to the liable person (and, in the case of an order made in respect of a joint account, to the other account-holders) as to amounts deducted, and amounts paid, under an order under Article 32F;
(e)
requiring a deposit-taker or third party at which an order under Article 32E or 32F is directed to supply information of a prescribed description to the Department, or to notify the Department if a prescribed event occurs or prescribed circumstances arise;
(f)
for the variation of an order under Article 32E or 32F;
(g)
for an order under Article 32E or 32F to lapse in such circumstances as may be prescribed;
(h)
as to the revival of an order under Article 32E or 32F in such circumstances as may be prescribed
(i)
allowing or requiring an order under Article 32E or 32F to be discharged.
(3)
Where regulations under paragraph (1) make provision for the variation of an order under Article 32E or 32F, the power to vary the order shall not be exercised so as to increase the amount of arrears of child support maintenance specified in the order.
(4)
The Department may by regulations make provision with respect to priority as between an order under Article 32F and—
(a)
any other order under that Article;
(b)
any order under any other statutory provision which provides for payments to be made from amounts to which the order under Article 32F relates.
(5)
The Department shall by regulations make provision for any person affected by an order under Article 32F to have a right to appeal to a court against the making of the order.
(6)
On an appeal under regulations under paragraph (5), the court shall not question the maintenance calculation by reference to which the order under Article 32F was made.
(7)
Regulations under paragraph (5) may include—
(a)
provision with respect to the period within which a right of appeal under the regulations may be exercised;
(b)
provision with respect to the powers of the court to which the appeal under the regulations lies.
Lump sum deduction orders: offences32K
(1)
A person who fails to comply with the requirements of—
(a)
an order under Article 32E or 32F; or
(b)
any regulation under Article 32J which is designated by the regulations for the purposes of this sub-paragraph,
commits an offence.
(2)
It shall be a defence for a person charged with an offence under paragraph (1) to prove that the person took all reasonable steps to comply with the requirements in question.
(3)
A person guilty of an offence under paragraph (1) shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 2 on the standard scale.
F25Orders preventing avoidance32L
(1)
The Department may apply to the court, on the grounds that a person—
(a)
has failed to pay an amount of child support maintenance, and
(b)
with the intention of avoiding payment of child support maintenance, is about to make a disposition or to transfer out of the jurisdiction or otherwise deal with any property,
for an order restraining the person from doing so.
(2)
The Department may apply to the court, on the grounds that a person—
(a)
has failed to pay an amount of child support maintenance, and
(b)
with the intention of avoiding payment of child support maintenance, has at any time made a reviewable disposition,
for an order setting aside the disposition.
(3)
If the court is satisfied of the grounds mentioned in paragraph (1) or (2) it may make an order under that paragraph.
(4)
Where the court makes an order under paragraph (1) or (2) it may make such consequential provision by order or directions as it thinks fit for giving effect to the order (including provision requiring the making of any payments or the disposal of any property).
(5)
Any disposition is a reviewable disposition for the purposes of paragraph (2), unless it was made for valuable consideration (other than marriage F26or formation of a civil partnership) to a person who, at the time of the disposition, acted in relation to it in good faith and without notice of an intention to avoid payment of child support maintenance.
(6)
Paragraph (7) applies where an application is made under this Article with respect to—
(a)
a disposition or other dealing with property which is about to take place, or
(b)
a disposition which took place after the making of the application on which the maintenance calculation concerned was made.
(7)
If the court is satisfied—
(a)
in a case falling within paragraph (1), that the disposition or other dealing would (apart from this Article) have the consequence of making ineffective a step that has been or may be taken to recover the amount outstanding, or
(b)
in a case falling within paragraph (2), that the disposition has had that consequence,
it is to be presumed, unless the contrary is shown, that the person who disposed of or is about to dispose of or deal with the property did so or, as the case may be, is about to do so, with the intention of avoiding payment of child support maintenance.
(8)
In this Article “disposition” does not include any provision contained in a will or codicil but, with that exception, includes any conveyance, assurance or gift of property of any description, whether made by an instrument or otherwise.
(9)
This Article does not apply to a disposition made before the coming into operation of section 16 of the Child Maintenance Act (Northern Ireland) 2008
(10)
In this Article “the court” means the High Court.
Liability orders33.
(1)
This Article applies where—
(a)
a person who is liable to make payments of child support maintenance ( “the liable person”) fails to make one or more of those payments; and
(b)
it appears to the Department that—
(i)
it is inappropriate to make a deduction from earnings order against him (because, for example, he is not employed); or
(ii)
although such an order has been made against him, it has proved ineffective as a means of securing that payments are made in accordance with the F27maintenance calculation in question.
(2)
The Department may apply to a court of summary jurisdiction for an order ( “a liability order”) against the liable person.
(3)
Where the Department applies for a liability order, the court of summary jurisdiction shall make the order if satisfied that the payments in question have become payable by the liable person and have not been paid.
(4)
On an application under paragraph (2), the court shall not question the F28maintenance calculation under which the payments of child support maintenance fell to be made.
F29(5)
Where regulations have been made under Article 29(3)(a)—
(a)
the liable person fails to make a payment (for the purposes of paragraph (1)(a)); and
(b)
a payment is not paid (for the purposes of paragraph (3)),
unless the payment is made to, or through, the person specified in or by virtue of those regulations for the case of the liable person in question.
Regulations about liability orders34.
(1)
The Department may make regulations—
(a)
prescribing the procedure to be followed in dealing with an application by the Department for a liability order;
(b)
prescribing the form and contents of a liability order; and
(c)
providing that where a court of summary jurisdiction has made a liability order, the person against whom it is made shall, during such time as the amount in respect of which the order was made remains wholly or partly unpaid, be under a duty to supply relevant information to the Department.
(2)
In paragraph (1) “relevant information” means any information of a prescribed description which is in the possession of the liable person and which the Department has asked him to supply.
Enforcement of liability orders35.
(1)
Where a liability order has been made against a person ( “the liable person”)—
(a)
the order shall be enforceable by the Enforcement of Judgments Office on an application to it by the Department; and
(b)
the Judgments Enforcement (Northern Ireland) Order 1981F30 ( “the Order of 1981”) shall apply in relation to the amount in respect of which the order was made, to the extent that it remains unpaid, as a money judgment, but subject to paragraphs (2) and (3).
(2)
Without prejudice to Article 141 of the Order of 1981(power to make Judgment Enforcement Rules), the Departmentmay, with the consent of the Lord Chancellor, make such regulations with respect to the enforcement of liability orders by the Enforcement of Judgments Office as it considers appropriate.
(3)
Regulations made under paragraph (2) may, in particular, provide for the modification of any provision made by or under the Order of 1981 in its application to liability orders.
(4)
In paragraph (3) “modification” includes the making of additions, omissions or amendments.
Enforcement in Northern Ireland of English and Scottish liability orders36.
(1)
The Department may by regulations make provision for, or in connection with, the enforcement in Northern Ireland of—
(a)
any liability order made by a court in England and Wales; or
(b)
any liability order made by the sheriff in Scotland,
as if it had been made by a court of summary jurisdiction in Northern Ireland.
(2)
Regulations under paragraph (1) may, in particular, make provision for the registration of any such order as is referred to in that paragraph in connection with its enforcement in Northern Ireland.
F31Commitment to prison and disqualification from driving36A.
(1)
Where the Department has sought to recover an amount by virtue of Article 35 and that amount, or any portion of it, remains unpaid, the Department may apply to the court under this Article.
(2)
An application under this Article is for whichever the court considers appropriate in all the circumstances of—
(a)
the issue of a warrant committing the liable person to prison; or
(b)
an order for him to be disqualified for holding or obtaining a driving licence.
(3)
On any such application the court shall (in the presence of the liable person) inquire as to—
(a)
whether he needs a driving licence to earn his living;
(b)
his means; and
(c)
whether there has been wilful refusal or culpable neglect on his part.
(4)
The Department may make representations to the court as to whether the Department thinks it more appropriate to commit the liable person to prison or to disqualify him for holding or obtaining a driving licence; and the liable person may reply to those representations.
(5)
In this Article and Article 37A, “driving licence” means a licence to drive a motor vehicle granted under Part II of the Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Order 1981.
(6)
In this Article and Articles 37 and 37A, “the court” means a court of summary jurisdiction.
Commitment to prison37.
Paras. (1),(2) rep. by 2000 c. 4 (NI)
(3)
If, but only if, the court is of the opinion that there has been wilful refusal or culpable neglect on the part of the liable person it may—
(a)
issue a warrant of commitment against him; or
(b)
fix a term of imprisonment and postpone the issue of the warrant until such time and on such conditions (if any) as it thinks just.
(4)
Any such warrant—
(a)
shall be made in respect of an amount equal to the aggregate of—
(i)
the amount in respect of which the liability order was made or so much of that amount as remains outstanding; and
(ii)
an amount (determined in accordance with regulations made by the Department) in respect of the costs of commitment; and
(b)
shall state that amount.
(5)
No warrant may be issued under this Article against a person who is under the age of 18.
(6)
A warrant issued under this Article shall order the liable person—
(a)
to be imprisoned for a specified period; but
(b)
to be released (unless he is in custody for some other reason) on payment of the amount stated in the warrant.
(7)
The maximum period of imprisonment which may be imposed by virtue of paragraph (6) shall be calculated in accordance with Schedule 3 to the Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981F32 (maximum periods of imprisonment in default of payment) but shall not exceed six weeks.
(8)
The Department may by regulations make provision for the period of imprisonment specified in any warrant issued under this Article to be reduced where there is part payment of the amount in respect of which the warrant was issued.
(9)
A warrant issued under this Article may be directed to such person or persons as the court issuing it thinks fit.
(10)
Article 110 of the Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (application of money found on defaulter) shall apply in relation to a warrant issued under this Article against a liable person as it applies in relation to the enforcement of a sum mentioned in paragraph (1) of that Article.
(11)
The Department may by regulations make provision—
(a)
as to the form of any warrant issued under this Article;
(b)
allowing an application under this Article to be renewed where no warrant is issued or term of imprisonment is fixed;
(c)
that a statement in writing to the effect that wages of any amount have been paid to the liable person during any period, purporting to be signed by or on behalf of his employer, shall be evidence of the facts stated;
(d)
that, for the purposes of enabling an inquiry to be made as to the liable person's conduct and means, a justice of the peace may issue a summons to him to appear before a court of summary jurisdiction and (if he does not obey) may issue a warrant for his arrest;
(e)
that for the purpose of enabling such an inquiry, a justice of the peace may issue a warrant for the liable person's arrest without issuing a summons;
(f)
as to the execution of a warrant for arrest.
F33Disqualification from driving: further provision37A.
(1)
If, but only if, the court is of the opinion that there has been wilful refusal or culpable neglect on the part of the liable person, it may—
(a)
order him to be disqualified, for such period specified in the order but not exceeding two years as it thinks fit, for holding or obtaining a driving licence (a “disqualification order”); or
(b)
make a disqualification order but suspend its operation until such time and on such conditions (if any) as it thinks just.
(2)
The court may not take action under both Article 37 and this Article.
(3)
A disqualification order shall state the amount in respect of which it is made, which shall be the aggregate of—
(a)
the amount in respect of which the liability order was made or so much of that amount as remains outstanding; and
(b)
an amount (determined in accordance with regulations made by the Department) in respect of the costs of the application under Article 36A.
(4)
A court which makes a disqualification order shall require the person to whom it relates to produce any driving licence held by him, and its counterpart (within the meaning of Part II of the Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Order 1981).
(5)
On an application by the Department or the liable person, the court—
(a)
may make an order substituting a shorter period of disqualification, or make an order revoking the disqualification order, if part of the amount referred to in paragraph (3) (the “amount due”) is paid to any person authorised to receive it; and
(b)
shall make an order revoking the disqualification order if all of the amount due is so paid.
(6)
The Department may make representations to the court as to the amount which should be paid before it would be appropriate to make an order revoking the disqualification order under paragraph (5)(a), and the liable person may reply to those representations.
(7)
The Department may make a further application under Article 36A if the amount due has not been paid in full when the period of disqualification specified in the disqualification order expires.
(8)
Where a court—
(a)
makes a disqualification order;
(b)
makes an order under paragraph (5); or
(c)
allows an appeal against a disqualification order,
it shall send notice of that fact to the Department; and the notice shall contain such particulars and be sent in such manner and to such address as the Department may determine.
(9)
Where a court makes a disqualification order, it shall also send F34any driving licence and its counterpart, on their being produced to the court, to the Department at such address as the Department may determine.
(10)
Article 110 of the Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (application of sums found upon defaulter) shall apply in relation to a disqualification order under this Article in relation to a liable person as it applies in relation to the enforcement of a sum mentioned in paragraph (1) of that Article.
(11)
The Department may by regulations make provision in relation to disqualification orders corresponding to the provision it may make under Article 37(11).
Arrears of child support maintenance38.
(1)
This Article applies where—
(a)
F39(2)
Where the Department recovers any such arrears it may, in such circumstances as may be prescribed and to such extent as may be prescribed, retain them if it is satisfied that the amount of any benefit paid to or in respect of the person with care of the child or children in question would have been less had the F36non-resident parent made the payment or payments of child support maintenance in question.
(2A)
In determining for the purposes of paragraph (2) whether the amount of any benefit paid would have been less at any time than the amount which was paid at that time, in a case where the F40maintenance calculation had affect from a date earlier than that on which it was made, the F41calculation shall be taken to have been in force at that time.
F42(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F42(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F42(5)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(6)
Any sums retained by the Department by virtue of this Article shall be paid by it into the Consolidated Fund.
F43Penalty payments38A.
(1)
The Department may by regulations make provision for the payment to it by non-resident parents who are in arrears with payments of child support maintenance of penalty payments determined in accordance with the regulations.
(2)
The amount of a penalty payment in respect of any week may not exceed 25 per cent. of the amount of child support maintenance payable for that week, but otherwise is to be determined by the Department.
(3)
The liability of a non-resident parent to make a penalty payment does not affect his liability to pay the arrears of child support maintenance concerned.
(4)
Regulations under paragraph (1) may, in particular, make provision—
(a)
as to the time at which a penalty payment shall be payable;
(b)
for the Department to waive a penalty payment, or part of it.
(5)
The provisions of this Order with respect to—
(a)
the collection of child support maintenance;
(b)
the enforcement of an obligation to pay child support maintenance,
apply equally (with any necessary modifications) to penalty payments payable by virtue of regulations under this Article.
(6)
The Department shall pay penalty payments received by it into the Consolidated Fund.
F44Repayment of overpaid child support maintenance38B.
(1)
This Article applies where it appears to the Department that F45a non-resident parent has made a payment by way of child support maintenance which amounts to an overpayment by him of that maintenance and that—
(a)
F48(1A)
This Article also applies where the non-resident parent has made a voluntary payment and it appears to the Department—
(a)
that he is not liable to pay child support maintenance; or
(b)
that he is liable, but some or all of the payment amounts to an overpayment,
and, in a case falling within sub-paragraph (b), it also appears to the Department that paragraph (1)(a) or (b) applies.
(2)
The Department may make such payment to the F45non-resident parent by way of reimbursement, or partial reimbursement, of the overpayment as the Department considers appropriate.
(3)
Where the Department has made a payment under this Article the Department may, in such circumstances as may be prescribed, require the relevant person to pay to it the whole, or a specified proportion, of the amount of that payment.
(4)
Any such requirement shall be imposed by giving the relevant person a written demand for the amount which the Department wishes to recover from him.
(5)
Any sum which a person is required to pay to the Department under this Article shall be recoverable from him by the Department as a debt due to the Crown.
(6)
The Department may by regulations make provision in relation to any case in which—
(a)
one or more overpayments of child support maintenance are being reimbursed to the Department by the relevant person; and
(b)
child support maintenance has continued to be payable by the F45non-resident parent concerned to the person with care concerned, or again becomes so payable.
F49(7)
For the purposes of this Article—
(a)
a payment made by a person under a maintenance calculation which was not validly made; and
(b)
a voluntary payment made in the circumstances set out in paragraph (1A)(a),
shall be treated as overpayments of child support maintenance made by a non-resident parent.
(8)
In this Article “relevant person”, in relation to an overpayment, means the person with care to whom the overpayment was made.
(9)
Any sum recovered by the Department under this Article shall be paid by the Department into the Consolidated Fund.
F50Power to treat liability as satisfied38C
(1)
The Department may by regulations—
(a)
make provision enabling the Department in prescribed circumstances to set off liabilities to pay child support maintenance to which this Article applies;
(b)
make provision enabling the Department in prescribed circumstances to set off against a person's liability to pay child support maintenance to which this Article applies a payment made by the person which is of a prescribed description.
(2)
Liability to pay child support maintenance shall be treated as satisfied to the extent that it is the subject of setting off under regulations under paragraph (1).
(3)
In paragraph (1), the references to child support maintenance to which this Article applies are to child support maintenance for the collection of which the Department is authorised to make arrangements.
F51Power to accept part payment of arrears in full and final satisfaction38D
(1)
The Department may, in relation to any arrears of child support maintenance, accept payment of part in satisfaction of liability for the whole.
(2)
The Department must by regulations make provision with respect to the exercise of the power under paragraph (1).
(3)
The regulations must provide that unless one of the conditions in paragraph (4) is satisfied the Department may not exercise the power under paragraph (1) without the written consent of the person with care with respect to whom the maintenance calculation was made.
(4)
The conditions are—
(a)
that the Department would be entitled to retain the whole of the arrears under Article 38(2) if it recovered them;
(b)
that the Department would be entitled to retain part of the arrears under Article 38(2) if it recovered them, and the part of the arrears that the Department would not be entitled to retain is equal to or less than the payment accepted under paragraph (1).
F52Power to write off arrears38E
(1)
The Department may extinguish liability in respect of arrears of child support maintenance if it appears to it—
(a)
that the circumstances of the case are of a description specified in regulations made by the Department, and
(b)
that it would be unfair or otherwise inappropriate to enforce liability in respect of the arrears.
(2)
The Department may by regulations make provision with respect to the exercise of the power under paragraph (1).