The Pesticides (Maximum Residue Levels in Crops, Food and Feeding Stuffs) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2004 No. 104

Scottish Statutory Instruments

2004 No. 104

AGRICULTURE

PESTICIDES

The Pesticides (Maximum Residue Levels in Crops, Food and Feeding Stuffs) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2004

Made

9th March 2004

Laid before the Scottish Parliament

10th March 2004

Coming into force

31st March 2004

The Scottish Ministers, in exercise of the powers conferred by section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972(1) and of all other powers enabling them in that behalf, hereby make the following Regulations:

Citation and commencement

1.  These Regulations may be cited as the Pesticides (Maximum Residue Levels in Crops, Food and Feeding Stuffs) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2004 and shall come into force on 31st March 2004.

Amendment to the Pesticides (Maximum Residue Levels in Crops, Food and Feeding Stuffs) (Scotland) Regulations 2000

2.—(1) The Pesticides (Maximum Residue Levels in Crops, Food and Feeding Stuffs) (Scotland) Regulations 2000(2) are amended in accordance with this regulation.

(2) In Schedule 1, at the appropriate place in alphabetical order in column 1, insert, together with the corresponding entry in column 2, the following entry:–

Column 1	Column 2
Pesticide	Residues
Metalaxyl-M	Metalaxyl M

(3) In Schedule 1, with effect from 1st December 2004, at the appropriate place in alphabetical order in column 1, insert, together with the corresponding entry in column 2, the following entry:–

Column 1	Column 2
Pesticide	Residues
Parathion methyl	Parathion methyl (sum of parathion methyl and para oxon methyl expressed as parathion methyl)

(4) In Part 1 of Schedule 2, with effect from 1st December 2004, the entry relating to Parathion methyl, together with all residue levels relevant thereto, is omitted.

(5) In Part 2 of Schedule 2–

(a) for the maximum residue levels of mg/kg of Abamectin on all products listed as Cucurbits edible peel in the Fruiting Vegetables group for “0.02*” substitute “0.01*”;

(b) for the heading “Cyclanide” substitute the heading “Cyclanilide”;

(c) for the maximum residue levels of mg/kg of Diquat–

(i) on rape seed, for “0.1” substitute “0.5”;

(ii) on soya bean, for “0.5” substitute “0.1*”; and

(d) with effect from 1st April 2004, for the maximum residue levels of mg/kg of 2, 4 D on all products included in the citrus fruit group of fruit, fresh, dried or uncooked, preserved by freezing not containing added sugar: nuts, for “0.05*” substitute “1”.

(6) In Part 2 of Schedule 2–

(a) the heading ‘Amitrole’, together with all residue levels relevant thereto, is moved to the appropriate place in alphabetical order;

(b) with effect from 1st December 2004, for existing maximum permitted levels for residues of the pesticide Acephate, substitute the maximum permitted levels specified in Schedule 1 to these Regulations in relation to the products so specified; and

(c) with effect from 1st December 2004, insert, in the appropriate places to preserve the alphabetical ordering from left to right, the maximum permitted levels for residues of the pesticide Parathion methyl specified in Schedule 1 to these Regulations in relation to the products so specified.

(7) For Schedule 5, with effect from 1st December 2004, substitute the Schedule set out in Schedule 2 to these Regulations.

Revocations

3.  Regulation 2(6)(b) and, with effect from 1st December 2004, regulation 2(7), and Schedule 2 to, the Pesticides (Maximum Residue Levels in Crops, Food and Feeding Stuffs) (Scotland) Amendment (No. 2) Regulations 2003(3) are hereby revoked.

ALLAN WILSON

Authorised to sign by the Scottish Ministers

St Andrew’s House, Edinburgh

9th March 2004

Regulation 2(6)

SCHEDULE

Group to which food belongs	Groups include the following products	Acephate	Parathion-methyl
UNITS: Maximum residue levels (MRLs) are expressed in milligrammes of residue per kilogramme of food. KEY: * Level at or about the limit of determination. FOOTNOTES:
(1) Paddy or rough rice, husked rice and semi milled or wholly milled rice.
(2) Other cereals do not include rice.
(3) Levels are measured on fat, except in the case of foods with a fat content of 10% or less by weight. In these cases the residue is related to the total weight of the boned foodstuff and the MRL is one tenth of the value given in the table, but must be no less than 0.01 mg/kg.
(4) These levels are for fresh raw cow’s milk and fresh whole cream cow’s milk expressed on the whole milk.
(5) For preserved, concentrated or sweetened cow’s milk; for raw milk and whole cream milk of another animal origin; and for butter, cheese or curd, whether made from cow’s milk or other milk of a combination, the following levels apply: if the fat content is less than 2% by weight, the MRL is taken as half that set for raw milk and whole cream milk; if the fat content is 2% or more by weight, the MRL is expressed in mg/kg of fat and is set at 25 times that set for raw milk and whole cream milk.
(6) Birds' eggs in shell (other than eggs for hatching) and whole egg products and egg yolk products (whether fresh, dried or otherwise prepared).
1.  Fruit, fresh, dried or uncooked, preserved by freezing not containing added sugar: nuts
i)  CITRUS FRUIT
	Grapefruit	0.02*	0.02*
	Lemons	0.02*	0.02*
	Limes	0.02*	0.02*
	Mandarins (inc clementines & similar hybrids) similar hybrids	0.02*	0.02*
	Oranges	0.02*	0.02*
	Pomelos	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
ii)  TREE NUTS (shelled or unshelled)
	Almonds	0.02*	0.02*
	Brazil nuts	0.02*	0.02*
	Cashew nuts	0.02*	0.02*
	Chestnuts	0.02*	0.02*
	Coconuts	0.02*	0.02*
	Hazelnuts	0.02*	0.02*
	Macadamia nuts	0.02*	0.02*
	Pecans	0.02*	0.02*
	Pine nuts	0.02*	0.02*
	Pistachios	0.02*	0.02*
	Walnuts	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
iii)  POME FRUIT
	Apples	0.02*	0.02*
	Pears	0.02*	0.02*
	Quinces	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
iv)  STONE FRUIT
	Apricots	0.02*	0.02*
	Cherries	0.02*	0.02*
	Peaches (inc nectarines & similar hybrids)	0.02*	0.02*
	Plums	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
v)  BERRIES AND SMALL FRUIT
	(a) Table & wine grapes
	Table grapes	0.02*	0.02*
	Wine grapes	0.02*	0.02*
	(b) Strawberries (other than wild)	0.02*	0.02*
	(c) Cane Fruit (other than wild)
	Blackberries	0.02*	0.02*
	Dewberries	0.02*	0.02*
	Loganberries	0.02*	0.02*
	Raspberries	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
	(d) Other small fruit & berries (other than wild)
	Bilberries	0.02*	0.02*
	Cranberries	0.02*	0.02*
	Currants (red, black & white)	0.02*	0.02*
	Gooseberries	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
	(e) Wild berries & wild fruit	0.02*	0.02*
vi)  MISCELLANEOUS FRUIT
	Avocados	0.02*	0.02*
	Bananas	0.02*	0.02*
	Dates	0.02*	0.02*
	Figs	0.02*	0.02*
	Kiwi fruit	0.02*	0.02*
	Kumquats	0.02*	0.02*
	Litchis	0.02*	0.02*
	Mangoes	0.02*	0.02*
	Olives (table consumption)	0.02*	0.02*
	Olives (oil extract)	0.02*	0.02*
	Papaya	0.02*	0.02*
	Passion fruit	0.02*	0.02*
	Pineapples	0.02*	0.02*
	Pomegranates	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
2.  Vegetables, fresh or uncooked, frozen or dry
i)  ROOT AND TUBER VEGETABLES
	Beetroot	0.02*	0.02*
	Carrots	0.02*	0.02*
	Celeriac	0.02*	0.02*
	Horseradish	0.02*	0.02*
	Jerusalem artichokes	0.02*	0.02*
	Parsnips	0.02*	0.02*
	Parsley root	0.02*	0.02*
	Radishes	0.02*	0.02*
	Salsify	0.02*	0.02*
	Sweet potatoes	0.02*	0.02*
	Swedes	0.02*	0.02*
	Turnips	0.02*	0.02*
	Yams	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
ii)  BULB VEGETABLES
	Garlic	0.02*	0.02*
	Onions	0.02*	0.02*
	Shallots	0.02*	0.02*
	Spring onions	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
iii)  FRUITING VEGETABLES
	(a) Solanacea
	Tomatoes	0.02*	0.02*
	Peppers	0.02*	0.02*
	Chili peppers	0.02*	0.02*
	Aubergines	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
	(b) Cucurbits-edible peel
	Cucumbers	0.02*	0.02*
	Gherkins	0.02*	0.02*
	Courgettes	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
	(c) Cucurbits-inedible peel
	Melons	0.02*	0.02*
	Squashes	0.02*	0.02*
	Watermelons	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
	(d) Sweet corn	0.02*	0.02*
iv)  BRASSICA VEGETABLES
	(a) Flowering Brassicas
	Broccoli	0.02*	0.02*
	Cauliflower	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
	(b) Head Brassicas
	Brussels sprouts	0.02*	0.02*
	Head cabbage	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
	(c) Leafy Brassicas
	Chinese cabbage	0.02*	0.02*
	Kale	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
	(d) Kohlrabi	0.02*	0.02*
v)  LEAF VEGETABLES AND FRESH HERBS
	(a) Lettuce & similar
	Cress	0.02*	0.02*
	Lamb’s lettuce	0.02*	0.02*
	Lettuce	0.02*	0.02*
	Scarole	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
	(b) Spinach & similar
	Spinach	0.02*	0.02*
	Beet leaves (chard)	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
	(c) Watercress	0.02*	0.02*
	(d) Witloof	0.02*	0.02*
	(e) Herbs
	Chervil	0.02*	0.02*
	Chives	0.02*	0.02*
	Parsley	0.02*	0.02*
	Celery leaves	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
vi)  LEGUME VEGETABLES (fresh)
	Beans (with pods)	0.02*	0.02*
	Beans (without pods)	0.02*	0.02*
	Peas (with pods)	0.02*	0.02*
	Peas (without pods)	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
vii)  STEM VEGETABLES
	Asparagus	0.02*	0.02*
	Cardoons	0.02*	0.02*
	Celery	0.02*	0.02*
	Fennel	0.02*	0.02*
	Globe artichokes	0.02*	0.02*
	Leeks	0.02*	0.02*
	Rhubarb	0.02*	0.02*
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
viii)  FUNGI
	(a) Cultivated mushrooms	0.02*	0.02*
	(b) Wild mushrooms	0.02*	0.02*
3.  PULSES
	Beans	0.02*	0.02*
	Lentils	0.02*	0.02*
	Peas	0.02*	0.2
	Others	0.02*	0.02*
4.  OILSEEDS
	Linseed	0.05*	0.05*
	Peanuts	0.05*	0.05*
	Poppy seed	0.05*	0.05*
	Sesame seed	0.05*	0.05*
	Sunflower seed	0.05*	0.05*
	Rape seed	0.05*	0.05*
	Soya bean	0.05*	0.05*
	Mustard seed	0.05*	0.05*
	Cotton seed	0.05*	0.05*
	Others	0.05*	0.05*
5.  POTATOES
	Early potatoes	0.02*	0.02*
	Ware potatoes	0.02*	0.02*
6.  TEA
	(dried leaves and stalks, fermented or otherwise, Camellia sinensis)	0.05*	0.05*
7.  HOPS (dried)
	including hop pellets & unconcentrated powder	0.05*	0.05*
8.  CEREALS
	Wheat	0.02*	0.02*
	Rye	0.02*	0.02*
	Barley	0.02*	0.02*
	Sorghum	0.02*	0.02*
	Oats	0.02*	0.02*
	Triticale	0.02*	0.02*
	Maize	0.02*	0.02*
	Buckwheat	0.02*	0.02*
	Millet	0.02*	0.02*
	Rice (1)	0.02*	0.02*
	Other cereals (2)	0.02*	0.02*
9.  PRODUCTS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN
	Meat, fat & preparations of meat (3)	0.02*	0.02*
	Milk (4) & Dairy produce (5)	0.02*	0.02*
	Eggs (6)	0.02*	0.02*

Regulation 2(7)

SCHEDULE 2

Regulation 2(1)

“SCHEDULE 5 DEFINITION OF RESIDUE DIRECTIVES

“The Residue Directives” means Council Directive 1986/362/EEC(4) as amended by–

DIRECTIVE	REFERENCE
Council Directive 1988/298/EEC	O.J. No. L 126, 20.5.88, p.53
Council Directive 1990/654/EEC	O.J. No. L 353, 17.12.90, p.48
Council Directive 1993/57/EEC	O.J. No. L 211, 23.8.93, p.1
Council Directive 1994/29/EC	O.J. No. L 189, 23.7.94, p.67
Council Directive 1995/39/EC	O.J. No. L 197, 22.8.95, p.29
Council Directive 1996/33/EC	O.J. No. L 144, 18.6.96, p.35
Council Directive 1997/41/EC	O.J. No. L 184, 12.7.97, p.33
Commission Directive 1997/71/EC	O.J. No. L 347, 18.12.97, p.42
Commission Directive 1998/82/EC	O.J. No. L 290, 29.10.98, p.25
Commission Directive 1999/65/EC	O.J. No. L 172, 8.7.99, p.40
Commission Directive 1999/71/EC	O.J. No. L 194, 27.7.99, p.36
Commission Directive 2000/24/EC	O.J. No. L 107, 4.5.00, p.28
Commission Directive 2000/42/EC	O.J. No. L 158, 30.6.00, p.51
Commission Directive 2000/48/EC	O.J. No. L 197, 3.8.00, p.26
Commission Directive 2000/58/EC	O.J. No. L 244, 29.9.00, p.78
Commission Directive 2000/81/EC	O.J. No. L 326, 22.12.00, p.56
Commission Directive 2000/82/EC	O.J. No. L 3, 6.1.01, p.18
Commission Directive 2001/39/EC	O.J. No. L 148, 1.6.01, p.70
Commission Directive 2001/48/EC	O.J. No. L 180, 3.7.01, p.26
Commission Directive 2001/57/EC	O.J. No. L 208, 1.8.01, p.36
Commission Directive 2002/23/EC	O.J. No. L 64, 7.3.02, p.13
Commission Directive 2002/42/EC(5)	O.J. No. L 134, 22.5.02, p.29
Commission Directive 2002/66/EC	O.J. No. L 192, 20.7.02, p.47
Commission Directive 2002/71/EC	O.J. No. L 225, 22.8.02, p.21
Commission Directive 2002/76/EC	O.J. No. L 240, 7.9.02, p.45
Commission Directive 2002/79/EC(6)	O.J. No. L 291, 28.10.02, p.1
Commission Directive 2002/97/EC	O.J. No. L 343, 18.12.02, p.23
Commission Directive 2003/60/EC(7)	O.J. No. L 155, 24.6.03, p.15
Commission Directive 2003/62/EC	O.J. No. L 154, 21.6.03, p.70
Commission Directive 2003/118/EC	O.J. No. L 327, 16.12.03, p.25

together with Council Directive 1986/363/EEC(8) as amended by–

DIRECTIVE	REFERENCE
Council Directive 1993/57/EEC	O.J. No. L 211, 23.8.93, p.1
Council Directive 1994/29/EEC	O.J. No. L 189, 23.7.94, p.67
Council Directive 1995/39/EC	O.J. No. L 197, 22.8.95, p.29
Council Directive 1996/33/EC	O.J. No. L 144, 18.6.96, p.35
Council Directive 1997/41EC	O.J. No. L 184, 12.7.97, p.33
Commission Directive 1997/71/EC	O.J. No. L 347, 18.12.97, p.42
Commission Directive 1998/82/EC	O.J. No. L 290, 29.10.98, p.25
Commission Directive 1999/71/EC	O.J. No. L 194, 27.7.99, p.36
Commission Directive 2000/24/EC	O.J. No. L 107, 4.5.00, p.28
Commission Directive 2000/81/EC	O.J. No. L 326, 22.12.00, p.56
Commission Directive 2000/82/EC	O.J. No. L 3, 6.1.01, p.18
Commission Directive 2001/39/EC	O.J. No. L 148, 1.6.01, p.70
Commission Directive 2001/57/EC	O.J. No. L 208, 1.8.01, p.36
Commission Directive 2002/23/EC	O.J. No. L 64, 7.3.02, p.13
Commission Directive 2002/42/EC	O.J. No. L 134, 22.5.02, p.29
Commission Directive 2002/66/EC	O.J. No. L 192, 20.7.02, p.47
Commission Directive 2002/71/EC	O.J. No. L 225, 22.8.02, p.21
Commission Directive 2002/79/EC(9)	O.J. No. L 291, 28.10.02, p.1
Commission Directive 2002/97/EC	O.J. No. L 343, 18.12.02, p.23
Commission Directive 2003/60/EC(10)	O.J. No. L 155, 24.6.03, p.15
Commission Directive 2003/118/EC	O.J. No. L 327, 16.12.03, p.25

and Council Directive 1990/642/EEC(11) as amended by–

DIRECTIVE	REFERENCE
Council Directive 1993/58/EEC	O.J. No. L 211, 23.8.93, p.6
Council Directive 1994/30/EC	O.J. No. L 189, 23.7.94, p.70
Council Directive 1995/38/EC	O.J. No. L 197, 22.8.95, p.14
Council Directive 1995/61/EC	O.J. No. L 292, 7.12.95, p.27
Council Directive 1996/32/EC	O.J. No. L 144, 18.6.96, p.12
Council Directive 1997/41/EC	O.J. No. L 184, 12.7.97, p.33
Commission Directive 1997/71/EC	O.J. No. L 347, 18.12.97, p.42
Commission Directive 1998/82/EC	O.J. No. L 290, 29.10.98, p.25
Commission Directive 1999/65/EC	O.J. No. L 172, 8.7.99, p.40
Commission Directive 1999/71/EC	O.J. No. L 194, 27.7.99, p.36
Commission Directive 2000/24/EC	O.J. No. L 107, 4.5.00, p.28
Commission Directive 2000/42/EC	O.J. No. L 158, 30.6.00, p.51
Commission Directive 2000/48/EC	O.J. No. L 197, 3.8.00, p.26
Commission Directive 2000/57/EC	O.J. No. L 244, 29.9.00, p.76
Commission Directive 2000/58/EC	O.J. No. L 244, 29.9.00, p.78
Commission Directive 2000/81/EC	O.J. No. L 326, 22.12.00, p.56
Commission Directive 2000/82/EC	O.J. No. L 3, 6.1.01, p.18
Commission Directive 2001/35/EC	O.J. No. L 136, 18.5.01, p.42
Commission Directive 2001/48/EC	O.J. No. L 180, 3.7.01, p.26
Commission Directive 2001/57/EC	O.J. No. L 208, 1.8.01, p.36
Commission Directive 2002/5/EC	O.J. No. L 34, 5.2.02, p.7
Commission Directive 2002/23/EC	O.J. No. L 64, 7.3.02, p.13
Commission Directive 2002/42/EC	O.J. No. L 134, 22.5.02, p.29
Commission Directive 2002/66/EC	O.J. No. L 192, 20.7.02, p.47
Commission Directive 2002/71/EC	O.J. No. L 225, 22.8.02, p.21
Commission Directive 2002/76/EC	O.J. No. L 240, 7.9.02, p.45
Commission Directive 2002/79/EC(12)	O.J. No. L 291, 28.10.02, p.1
Commission Directive 2002/97/EC	O.J. No. L 343, 18.12.02, p.23
Commission Directive 2002/100/EC	O.J. No. L 2, 7.1.03, p.33
Commission Directive 2003/60/EC(13)	O.J. No. L 155, 24.6.03, p.15
Commission Directive 2003/62/EC	O.J. No. L 154, 21.6.03, p.70
Commission Directive 2003/69/EC	O.J. No. L 175, 15.7.03, p.37
Commission Directive 2003/118/EC	O.J. No. L 327, 16.12.03, p.25”

Explanatory Note

(This note is not part of the Regulations)

These Regulations, which extend to Scotland only, further amend the provisions of the Pesticides (Maximum Residue Levels in Crops, Food and Feeding Stuffs) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (“the principal Regulations”).

The Regulations correct references in the principal Regulations to the pesticides Metalaxyl M and Parathion methyl and their residues, to implement Corrigendum to Commission Directive 2002/79/EC (O.J. No. 342, 30.12.03, p.58), and Commission Directive 2003/118/EC (O.J. No. L 327, 16.12.03, p.25) (regulations 2(2) and 2(3)).

To implement Commission Directive 2003/118/EC, the Regulations, with effect from 1st December 2004, remove pesticide residue levels for Parathion methyl, which had previously been set nationally by virtue of powers contained in the Food and Environment Protection Act 1985, from the list contained in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the principal Regulations because they have been replaced by Community levels (regulation 2(4)).

The Regulations amend pesticide residue levels for Abamectin on cucurbits (edible peel) and Diquat on rape seed and soya beans to implement Corrigendum to Commission Directive 2002/79/EC and Corrigendum to Commission Directive 2003/60/EC (O.J. No. L 14, 21.1.04, p.55); amend the heading “Cyclanide” to “Cyclanilide” to implement Corrigendum to Commission Directive 2003/60/EC; and with effect from 1st April 2004, amend the pesticide residue levels for 2, 4 D on citrus fruits to implement Commission Directive 2003/118/EC (regulation 2(5)).

With effect from 1st December 2004, the Regulations substitute maximum residue levels for Acephate and specify maximum residue levels for Parathion methyl. The Regulations reorder Part 2 of Schedule 2 to the principal Regulations to ensure alphabetical listing of pesticides (regulation 2(6)).

The Regulations also update the definition of “Residue Directives” in the principal Regulations (by substituting Schedule 5 to the principal Regulations) to incorporate Commission Directive 2003/118/EC, Corrigendum to Commission Directive 2002/79/EC and Corrigendum to Commission Directive 2003/60/EC (regulation 2(7) and Schedule 2).

Regulation 3 makes consequential revocations.

No Regulatory Impact Assessment has been produced in relation to these Regulations.

(1)

1972 c. 68; section 2(2) was amended by the Scotland Act 1998 (c. 46), Schedule 8, paragraph 15. The function conferred upon the Minister of the Crown under section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972, insofar as within devolved competence, was transferred to the Scottish Ministers by virtue of section 53 of the Scotland Act 1998.

(2)

S.S.I. 2000/22 amended by S.S.I. 2001/84, 221 and 435, 2002/271 and 489, and 2003/118 and 445.

(3)

S.S.I. 2003/445.

(4)

O.J. No. L 221, 7.8.86, p.37.

(5)

As amended by Corrigendum to Commission Directive 2002/42/EC, O.J. No. L 140, 30.5.02, p.39.

(6)

As amended by Corrigendum to Commission Directive 2002/79/EC, O.J. No. L 342, 30.12.03, p.58.

(7)

As amended by Corrigendum to Commission Directive 2003/60/EC, O.J. No. L 14, 21.1.04, p.55.

(8)

O.J. No. L 221, 7.8.86, p.43.

(9)

As amended by Corrigendum to Commission Directive 2002/79/EC, O.J. No. L 342, 30.12.03, p.58.

(10)

As amended by Corrigendum to Commission Directive 2003/60/EC, O.J. No. L 14, 21.1.04, p.55.

(11)

O.J. No. L 350, 14.12.90, p.71.

(12)

As amended by Corrigendum to Commission Directive 2002/79/EC, O.J. No. L 342, 30.12.03, p.58.

(13)

As amended by Corrigendum to Commission Directive 2003/60/EC, O.J. No. L 14, 21.1.04, p.55.