If a person issues any document or thing in contravention of regulations under subsection (1) then, as from the time of the contravention but without prejudice to anything done before it, this Act shall apply as if the regulated agreement had been improperly executed by reason of a contravention of regulations under section 60(1).

Regulations may provide that a duty imposed by this Act to supply a copy of a document referred to in an unexecuted agreement or an executed agreement shall not apply to documents of a kind specified in the regulations.

The F69Treasury may by order made by statutory instrument amend, or further amend, any of the following provisions of this Act so as to reduce or increase a sum mentioned in that provision, namely, sections F80... 17(1), F6. . . F80... 70(6), 75(3)(b), 77(1), 78(1), 79(1), 84(1), 101(7)(a), 107(1), 108(1), 109(1), 110(1), F80... F6. . . F7140B(6), 155(1) and 158(1).

An order under subsection (1) amending section F81... 17(1), F8. . . F81... 75(3)(b) F8. . . F9or 140B(6) shall be of no effect unless a draft of the order has been laid before and approved by each House of Parliament.

Any power of the F70Treasury to make regulations or orders under this Act, except the power conferred by sections F82... 181 and 192 shall be exercisable by statutory instrument subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

F10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Regulations may provide that specified expressions, when used as described by the regulations, are to be given the prescribed meaning, notwithstanding that another meaning is intended by the person using them.

Any power conferred on the F70Treasury by this Act to make orders includes power to vary or revoke an order so made.

The F72FCA may vary or revoke any determination made, or direction given, by it under this Act.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A person is an associate of any person with whom he is in partnership, and of the husband or wife F15or civil partner or a relative of any individual with whom he is in partnership.

A body corporate is an associate of another person if that person is a controller of it or if that person and persons who are his associates together are controllers of it.

In this section “relative ” means brother, sister, uncle, aunt, nephew, niece, lineal ancestor or lineal descendant, F16. . . references to a husband or wife include a former husband or wife and a reputed husband F17or wife, and references to a civil partner include a former civil partner F18and a reputed civil partner; and for the purposes of this subsection a relationship shall be established as if any illegitimate child, step-child or adopted child of a person F19were the legitimate child of the relationship in question .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A dispensing notice given by a debtor is operative from when it is given to the creditor until it is revoked by a further notice given to the creditor by the debtor.

But subsection (2) does not apply if (apart from this subsection) dispensing notices would be operative in relation to all of the debtors to whom the credit is provided.

Any dispensing notices operative in relation to an agreement shall cease to have effect if any of the debtors dies.

A dispensing notice which is operative in relation to an agreement shall be operative also in relation to any subsequent agreement which, in relation to the earlier agreement, is a modifying agreement.

Subsection (1)(b) does not apply for the purposes of section 61(1)(a) F21. . . .

Where a regulated agreement has two or more debtors or hirers (not being a partnership or an unincorporated body of persons), section 86 applies to the death of any of them.

Where subsection (5) applies, references in this Act to the signing of any document by the debtor or hirer shall be construed in relation to a body corporate F24within paragraph (b) of that subsection as referring to a signing on behalf of the body corporate.

A consumer credit agreement shall be treated as entered into under pre-existing arrangements between a creditor and a supplier if it is entered into in accordance with, or in furtherance of, arrangements previously made between persons mentioned in subsection (4)(a), (b) or (c).

A consumer credit agreement shall be treated as entered into in contemplation of future arrangements between a creditor and a supplier if it is entered into in the expectation that arrangements will subsequently be made between persons mentioned in subsection (4)(a), (b) or (c) for the supply of cash, goods and services (or any of them) to be financed by the consumer credit agreement.

Arrangements shall also be disregarded for the purposes of subsections (1) and (2) if they are arrangements for the electronic transfer of funds from a current account at a bank within the meaning of the Bankers’ Books Evidence Act 1879.

Where the creditor is an associate of the supplier’s, the consumer credit agreement shall be treated, unless the contrary is proved, as entered into under pre-existing arrangements between the creditor and the supplier.

In this Act ‘default sum’ means, in relation to the debtor or hirer under a regulated agreement, a sum (other than a sum of interest) which is payable by him under the agreement in connection with a breach of the agreement by him.

But a sum is not a default sum in relation to the debtor or hirer simply because, as a consequence of his breach of the agreement, he is required to pay it earlier than he would otherwise have had to.

Schedule 2 shall have effect for illustrating the use of terminology employed in this Act.

The examples given in Schedule 2 are not exhaustive.

In the case of conflict between Schedule 2 and any other provision of this Act, that other provision shall prevail.

The F73Treasury may by order amend Schedule 2 by adding further examples or in any other way.

In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—

• “advertisement ” includes every form of advertising, whether in a publication, by television or radio, by display of notices, signs, labels, showcards or goods, by distribution of samples, circulars, catalogues, price lists or other material, by exhibition of pictures, models or films, or in any other way, and references to the publishing of advertisements shall be construed accordingly;

• F85...

• “ancillary credit business ” has the meaning given by section 145(1);

• “antecedent negotiations ” has the meaning given by section 56;

• F85...

• F26“appropriate method” means–

  1. a

     post, or

  2. b

     transmission in the form of an electronic communication in accordance with section 176A(1);”

• “assignment ”, in relation to Scotland, means assignation;

• “associate ” shall be construed in accordance with section 184;

• F27“authorised business overdraft agreement” means a debtor-creditor agreement which provides authorisation in advance for the debtor to overdraw on a current account, where the agreement is entered into by the debtor wholly or predominantly for the purposes of the debtor's business (see subsection (2A));

• “authorised non-business overdraft agreement” means a debtor-creditor agreement which provides authorisation in advance for the debtor to overdraw on a current account where—

  1. a

     the credit must be repaid on demand or within three months, and

  2. b

     the agreement is not entered into by the debtor wholly or predominantly for the purposes of the debtor's business (see subsection (2A));

• F28. . .

• “bill of sale ” has the meaning given by section 4 of the M7Bills of Sale Act 1878 or, for Northern Ireland, by section 4 of the M8Bills of Sale (Ireland) Act 1879;

• F29 “building society ” means a building society within the meaning of the Building Societies Act 1986;

• “business ” includes profession or trade, and references to a business apply subject to subsection (2);

• “cancellable agreement ” means a regulated agreement which, by virtue of section 67, may be cancelled by the debtor or hirer;

• “canvass ” shall be construed in accordance with sections 48 and 153;

• “cash” includes money in any form;

• “charity” means as respects England and Wales a charity registered under F30the Charities Act 2011 or an exempt charity (within the meaning of that Act), F31as respects Northern Ireland an institution or other organisation established for charitable purposes only ( “organisation ” including any persons administering a trust and “charitable ” being construed in the same way as if it were contained in the Income Tax Acts) F32and as respects Scotland a body entered in the Scottish Charity Register;

• “conditional sale agreement ” means an agreement for the sale of goods or land under which the purchase price or part of it is payable by instalments, and the property in the goods or land is to remain in the seller (notwithstanding that the buyer is to be in possession of the goods or land) until such conditions as to the payment of instalments or otherwise as may be specified in the agreement are fulfilled;

• “consumer credit agreement” has the meaning given by section 8, and includes a consumer credit agreement which is cancelled under section 69(1), or becomes subject to section 69(2), so far as the agreement remains in force;

• F33“consumer credit business” means any business being carried on by a person so far as it comprises or relates to—

  1. a

     the provision of credit by him, or

  2. b

     otherwise his being a creditor,

  under regulated consumer credit agreements;

• F34“consumer hire business” means any business being carried on by a person so far as it comprises or relates to—

  1. a

     the bailment or (in Scotland) the hiring of goods by him, or

  2. b

     otherwise his being an owner,

  under regulated consumer hire agreements;

• “consumer hire business” means any business so far as it comprises or relates to the bailment or (in Scotland) the hiring of goods under regulated consumer hire agreements;

• “controller”, in relation to a body corporate, means a person—

  1. a

     in accordance with whose directions or instructions the directors of the body corporate or of another body corporate which is its controller (or any of them) are accustomed to act, or

  2. b

     who, either alone or with any associate or associates, is entitled to exercise, or control the exercise of, one third or more of the voting power at any general meeting of the body corporate or of another body corporate which is its controller;

• “copy” shall be construed in accordance with section 180;

• F35. . .

• “court” means in relation to England and Wales the county court, in relation to Scotland the sheriff court and in relation to Northern Ireland the High Court or the county court;

• “credit” shall be construed in accordance with section 9;

• “credit-broker” means a person carrying on a business of credit brokerage;

• “credit brokerage” has the meaning given by section 145(2);

• F36“credit information services” F86is to be read in accordance with section 145(7B).

• F37“credit intermediary” has the meaning given by section 160A;

• “credit limit ” has the meaning given by section 10(2);

• “creditor” means F65(except in relation to green deal plans: see instead section 189B(2)) the person providing credit under a consumer credit agreement or the person to whom his rights and duties under the agreement have passed by assignment or operation of law, and in relation to a prospective consumer credit agreement, includes the prospective creditor;

• “credit reference agency” F87is to be read in accordance with section 145(8);

• “credit-sale agreement” means an agreement for the sale of goods, under which the purchase price or part of it is payable by instalments, but which is not a conditional sale agreement;

• “credit-token” has the meaning given by section 14(1);

• “credit-token agreement” means a regulated agreement for the provision of credit in connection with the use of a credit-token;

• “debt-adjusting ” has the meaning given by section 145(5);

• F38“debt administration” has the meaning given by section 145(7A);

• “debt-collecting” has the meaning given by section 145(7);

• “debt-counselling” has the meaning given by section 145(6);

• “debtor” means F66(except in relation to green deal plans: see instead section 189B(3)) the individual receiving credit under a consumer credit agreement or the person to whom his rights and duties under the agreement have passed by assignment or operation of law, and in relation to a prospective consumer credit agreement includes the prospective debtor;

• “debtor-creditor agreement” has the meaning given by section 13;

• “debtor-creditor-supplier agreement” has the meaning given by section 12;

• “default notice” has the meaning given by section 87(1);

• F39 “default sum” has the meaning given by section 187A;

• “deposit” means F88...any sum payable by a debtor or hirer by way of deposit or down-payment, or credited or to be credited to him on account of any deposit or down-payment, whether the sum is to be or has been paid to the creditor or owner or any other person, or is to be or has been discharged by a payment of money or a transfer or delivery of goods or by any other means;

• F40“documents” includes information recorded in any form;

• F41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• “electric line” has the meaning given by F42the Electricity Act 1989 or, for Northern Ireland, F43the Electricity (Northern Ireland) Order 1992

• F44“electronic communication” means an electronic communication within the meaning of the Electronic Communications Act 2000 (c. 7)“

• “embodies” and related words shall be construed in accordance with subsection (4);

• “enforcement authority” has the meaning given by section 161(1);

• “enforcement order” means an order under section 65(1), 105(7)(a) or (b), 111(2) or 124(1) or (2);

• “executed agreement” means a document, signed by or on behalf of the parties, embodying the terms of a regulated agreement, or such of them as have been reduced to writing;

• F85...

• F74“FCA” means the Financial Conduct Authority;

• “finance” means to finance wholly or partly, and “financed ” and “refinanced ” shall be construed accordingly;

• “file” and “copy of the file” have the meanings given by section 158(5);

• “fixed-sum credit” has the meaning given by section 10(1)(b);

• “friendly society” means a society registered F45or treated as registered under the Friendly Societies Act 1974 or the Friendly Societies Act 1992 or a society within the meaning of the M9Friendly Societies Act (Northern Ireland) 1970;

• “future arrangements” shall be construed in accordance with section 187;

• F75...

• F100“the GDPR” has the same meaning as in Parts 5 to 7 of the Data Protection Act 2018 (see section 3(10), (11) and (14) of that Act);

• “give” means deliver or send F46by an appropriate method to;

• “goods” M10 has the meaning given by F47section 61(1) of the Sale of Goods Act 1979;

• F67 “green deal plan” has the meaning given by section 1 of the Energy Act 2011;

• F85...

• “High Court” means Her Majesty’s High Court of Justice, or the Court of Session in Scotland or the High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland;

• “hire-purchase agreement” means an agreement, other than a conditional sale agreement, under which—

  1. a

     goods are bailed or (in Scotland) hired in return for periodical payments by the person to whom they are bailed or hired, and

  2. b

     the property in the goods will pass to that person if the terms of the agreement are complied with and one or more of the following occurs—

  3. i

     the exercise of an option to purchase by that person,

  4. ii

     the doing of any other specified act by any party to the agreement,

  5. iii

     the happening of any other specified event;

• “hirer ” means the individual to whom goods are bailed or (in Scotland) hired under a consumer hire agreement, or the person to whom his rights and duties under the agreement have passed by assignment or operation of law, and in relation to a prospective consumer hire agreement includes the prospective hirer;

• F48“individual” includes—

  1. a

     a partnership consisting of two or three persons not all of whom are bodies corporate; and

  2. b

     an unincorporated body of persons which does not consist entirely of bodies corporate and is not a partnership;

• “installation” means—

  1. a

     the installing of any electric line or any gas or water pipe,

  2. b

     the fixing of goods to the premises where they are to be used, and the alteration of premises to enable goods to be used on them,

  3. c

     where it is reasonably necessary that goods should be constructed or erected on the premises where they are to be used, any work carried out for the purpose of constructing or erecting them on those premises;

• F28. . .

• “judgment” includes an order or decree made by any court;

• “land”, includes an interest in land, and in relation to Scotland includes heritable subjects of whatever description;

• “land improvement company ” means an improvement company as defined by section 7 of the M11Improvement of Land Act 1899;

• “land mortgage” includes any security charged on land;

• F85...

• F85...

• F85...

• “linked transaction” has the meaning given by section 19(1);

• “local authority”, in relation to England F49. . ., means . . . F50, a county council, a London borough council, a district council, the Common Council of the City of London, or the Council of the Isles of Scilly F51in relation to Wales means a county council or a county borough council,, and in relation to Scotland, means a F52council constituted under section 2 of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, and, in relation to Northern Ireland, means a district council;

• F53. . .

• “modifying agreement” has the meaning given by section 82(2);

• “mortgage”, in relation to Scotland, includes any heritable security;

• “multiple agreement” has the meaning given by section 18(1);

• “negotiator” has the meaning given by section 56(1);

• “non-commercial agreement” means a consumer credit agreement or a consumer hire agreement not made by the creditor or owner in the course of a business carried on by him;

• “notice” means notice in writing;

• “notice of cancellation” has the meaning given by section 69(1);

• F76...

• F54“open-end” in relation to a consumer credit agreement, means of no fixed duration;

• “owner” means a person who bails or (in Scotland) hires out goods under a consumer hire agreement or the person to whom his rights and duties under the agreement have passed by assignment or operation of law, and in relation to a prospective consumer hire agreement, includes the prospective bailor or person from whom the goods are to be hired;

• “pawn” means any article subject to a pledge;

• “pawn-receipt” has the meaning given by section 114;

• “pawnee” and “pawnor” include any person to whom the rights and duties of the original pawnee or the original pawnor, as the case may be, have passed by assignment or operation of law;

• “payment” includes tender;

• F55. . .

• “pledge” means the pawnee’s rights over an article taken in pawn;

• “prescribed” means prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State;

• “pre-existing arrangements” shall be construed in accordance with section 187;

• “principal agreement” has the meaning given by section 19(1);

• “protected goods” has the meaning given by section 90(7);

• F85...

• “redemption period” has the meaning given by section 116(3);

• F89“Regulated Activities Order” means the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001;

• F85...

• F90 “regulated agreement” means a consumer credit agreement which is a regulated agreement (within the meaning of section 8(3)) or a consumer hire agreement which is a regulated agreement (within the meaning of section 15(2));

• “regulations” means regulations made by the F77Treasury;

• “relative”, except in section 184, means a person who is an associate by virtue of section 184(1);

• “representation” includes any condition or warranty, and any other statement or undertaking, whether oral or in writing;

• F97“residential renovation agreement” means a consumer credit agreement F98entered into on or after 21st March 2016 —

  1. a

     which is unsecured; and

  2. b

     the purpose of which is the renovation of residential property, as described in Article 2(2a) of Directive 2008/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23rd April 2008 on credit agreements for consumers.

• “restricted-use credit agreement” and “restricted-use credit ” have the meanings given by section 11(1);

• “rules of court”, in relation to Northern Ireland means, in relation to the High Court, rules made under section 7 of the M12Northern Ireland Act 1962, and, in relation to any other court, rules made by the authority having for the time being power to make rules regulating the practice and procedure in that court;

• “running-account credit” shall be construed in accordance with section 10;

• “security”, in relation to an actual or prospective consumer credit agreement or consumer hire agreement, or any linked transaction, means a mortgage, charge, pledge, bond, debenture, indemnity, guarantee, bill, note or other right provided by the debtor or hirer, or at his request (express or implied), to secure the carrying out of the obligations of the debtor or hirer under the agreement;

• “security instrument” has the meaning given by section 105(2);

• “serve on” means deliver or send F46by an appropriate method to;

• “signed” shall be construed in accordance with subsection (3);

• “small agreement” has the meaning given by section 17(1), and “small ” in relation to an agreement within any category shall be construed accordingly;

• F85...

• F85...

• “supplier” has the meaning given by section 11(1)(b) or 12(c) or 13(c) or, in relation to an agreement falling within section 11(1)(a), means the creditor, and includes a person to whom the rights and duties of a supplier (as so defined) have passed by assignment or operation of law, or (in relation to a prospective agreement) the prospective supplier;

• “surety” means the person by whom any security is provided, or the person to whom his rights and duties in relation to the security have passed by assignment or operation of law;

• “technical grounds” shall be construed in accordance with subsection (5);

• “time order” has the meaning given by section 129(1);

• F91 “total charge for credit ” has the meaning given by section 20;

• “total price” means the total sum payable by the debtor under a hire-purchase agreement or a conditional sale agreement, including any sum payable on the exercise of an option to purchase, but excluding any sum payable as a penalty or as compensation or damages for a breach of the agreement;

• F56. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• “unexecuted agreement” means a document embodying the terms of a prospective regulated agreement, or such of them as it is intended to reduce to writing;

• F85...

• “unrestricted-use credit agreement” and “unresticted-use credit” have the meanings given by section 11(2);

• “working day” means any day other than—

  1. a

     Saturday or Sunday,

  2. b

     Christmas Day or Good Friday,

  3. c

     a bank holiday within the meaning given by section 1 of the M13Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971.

In sections F92... 70(4), 73(4) and 75(2) F58. . . ‘costs’, in relation to proceedings in Scotland, means expenses.

A person is not to be treated as carrying on a particular type of business merely because occasionally he enters into transactions belonging to a business of that type.

For the purpose of the definitions of “authorised business overdraft agreement” and “authorised non-business overdraft agreement” F93article 60C(5) and (6) of the Regulated Activities Order applies.

Any provision of this Act requiring a document to be signed is complied with by a body corporate if the document is sealed by that body.

This subsection does not apply to Scotland.

A document embodies a provision if the provision is set out either in the document itself or in another document referred to in it.

An application dismissed by the court F99... shall, if the court F99... so certifies, be taken to be dismissed on technical grounds only.

Except in so far as the context otherwise requires, any reference in this Act to an enactment shall be construed as a reference to that enactment as amended by or under any other enactment, including this Act.

Where by virtue of subsection (3) a reference to the debtor in a listed provision is to be read as a reference to the improver, it is to be assumed in applying the provision in relation to the green deal consumer credit agreement that the improver is provided with credit on the terms of the green deal plan.

References in this Act to a prospective consumer credit agreement, and references to the creditor and debtor in relation to such an agreement, are to be read in accordance with this section in the case of prospective green deal consumer credit agreements.

In this section and in section 189C—

• “domestic property” means a building or part of a building that is occupied as a dwelling or (if not occupied) is intended to be occupied as a dwelling;

• “energy bill” has the same meaning as in section 1 of the Energy Act 2011;

• “energy efficiency improvements” has the meaning given by section 2(4) of the Energy Act 2011;

• “green deal consumer credit agreement” means a green deal plan that is to be treated as a consumer credit agreement for the purposes of this Act by virtue of subsection (1);

• “improvement costs”, in relation to a green deal plan, are the costs of the energy efficiency improvements to the property which are to be paid by instalments under the plan after the time when credit is to be treated as being advanced by virtue of subsection (2) (but ignoring any interest or other charges for credit in determining those costs);

• “listed provision” means a provision of this Act listed in the first column of Schedule 2A;

• “occupier” and “owner” have the same meanings as in Chapter 1 of Part 1 of the Energy Act 2011;

• “property”, in relation to a green deal plan, means the property to which the energy efficiency improvements under the plan are or are intended to be made.

Where a green deal consumer credit agreement is a regulated agreement within the meaning of this Act (see section 8(3)), it is to be treated as a restricted-use agreement that falls within section 11(1)(a).

Sections 81, 140C(2) and 176(5) do not apply in the case of a green deal consumer credit agreement.

A person who is not an individual is to be treated as the improver in relation to any listed provision in the first column of the table in Schedule 2A only if the corresponding entry in the second column of the table so specifies.

For the period beginning on the date when this section comes into force and ending on 31st March 2014, the table in Schedule 2A is to be read as if it included the following entries—

This section ceases to have effect on 1st April 2014.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nothing in this Act shall authorise any Northern Ireland department to incur any expenses attributable to the provisions of this Act until provision has been made for those expenses to be defrayed out of money appropriated for the purpose.

The power of the Department of Commerce for Northern Ireland to make an order under section 178 shall be exercisable by statutory rule for the purposes of the F60Statutory Rules (Northern Ireland) Order 1979, and any such order shall be subject to negative resolution within the meaning of the M16Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland) 1954 as if it were a statutory instrument within the meaning of that Act.

In this Act “enactment ” includes an enactment of the Parliament of Northern Ireland or the Northern Ireland Assembly, and “Act ” shall be construed in a corresponding manner; and (without prejudice to section 189(6)) any reference in this Act to such an enactment shall include a reference to any enactment re-enacting it with or without modifications.

Section 38 of the M17Interpretation Act 1889 (effect of repeals) shall have the same operation in relation to any repeal by this Act of an enactment of the Parliament of Northern Ireland as it has in relation to the repeal of an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, references in that section of the Act of 1889 to Acts and enactments being construed accordingly.

The provisions of Schedule 3 shall have effect for the purposes of this Act.

The appointment of a day for the purposes of any provision of Schedule 3 shall be effected by an order of the Secretary of State made by statutory instrument; and any such order shall include a provision amending Schedule 3 so as to insert an express reference to the day appointed.

The Secretary of State shall by order made by statutory instrument provide for the coming into operation of the amendments contained in Schedule 4 and the repeals contained in Schedule 5, and those amendments and repeals shall have effect only as provided by an order so made.

This Act may be cited as the Consumer Credit Act 1974.

This Act extends to Northern Ireland.