District Courts (Scotland) Act 1975 (repealed)

Part II S Justices and Clerks of the Peace

Justices of the peace S

9 Appointment and removal of justices. S

(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, there shall, in Scotland, be a commission of the peace for each commission area; and the commission for any commission area shall be a commission under the Great Seal addressed generally, and not by name, to all such persons as may from time to time hold office as justices of the peace for the commission area.

(2) Justices of the peace for any commission area, other than stipendiary magistrates and ex officio justices, shall be appointed by name on behalf and in the name of Her Majesty by instrument under the hand of the Secretary of State, F1 . . ..

[F2 (2A) That instrument shall specify whether the appointment is as a full justice or as a signing justice, and the name of any signing justice so appointed shall be entered in the supplemental list.

F2 (2B) A signing justice may, subject to sections 9A, 12 and 15(1) of this Act, be appointed under subsection (2) above as a full justice.]

[F3 (2C) A signing justice may, in the name of Her Majesty and by instrument under the hand of the Scottish Ministers, be removed from office.]

(3) Subject to subsection (4) below and section 10 of this Act, a person shall not be appointed to hold office as a justice of the peace for any commission area under subsection (2) above and shall not act as a justice for that area unless he lives in or within 15 miles of that area.

(4) The residential requirements mentioned in subsection (3) above shall not apply in any case where it appears to the Secretary of State to be in the public interest that those requirements should not apply and he so directs; and, where any such direction relates to the appointment of any person as a justice for any commission area, it shall have effect, and shall be treated for the purposes of this Act, as an instrument appointing that person to hold office as a justice for that area in accordance with subsection (2) above.

(5) A direction given under subsection (4) above may be made subject to such conditions as the Secretary of State thinks fit.

(6) Where a direction given under subsection (4) above is rescinded by a further direction and at that time the justice to whom it relates does not meet the residential requirements mentioned in subsection (3) above, that further direction shall have effect, and shall be treated for the purposes of this Act, as [F4 if it were an instrument made under subsection (7) below removing the justice from office].

(7) Where a person appointed justice of the peace for any area is not qualified under the foregoing provisions of this section to act by virtue of the appointment, he shall be removed from office by an instrument [F5 in the name of Her Majesty under the hand of the Scottish Ministers, if they are] of the opinion that the appointment ought not to continue having regard to the probable duration and other circumstances of the want of qualification.

(8) No appointment of a justice of the peace nor any act of a justice shall be invalidated by reason only of the fact that a justice of the peace so appointed or so acting does not meet the residential requirements mentioned in subsection (3) above, or does not comply with any condition imposed by the Secretary of State under subsection (5) above.

[F6 (8A) In making appointments of justices of the peace, the Scottish Ministers shall comply with such requirements as to procedure and consultation as may be prescribed by regulations made by them.

F6 (8B) Regulations under subsection (8A) above shall be made by statutory instrument.

F6 (8C) No such regulations shall be made unless laid in draft before, and approved by resolution of, the Scottish Parliament.]

(9) There shall be kept and maintained by the Secretary of State—

(a) a record of all persons for the time being holding office as a justice of the peace;

(b) the instruments of appointment (if any) of those persons;

[F7 (bb) a record of orders under section 9A(1) of this Act which have come into operation;]

(c) the instruments of removal (if any) of those who have held that office; and

(d) the supplemental list provided for by section 15 below.

(10) The Secretary of State shall cause to be transmitted to the clerk of the peace for each commission area a copy of any instrument appointing or removing a justice of the peace for that area in accordance with subsection (2) [F8 , (2C) or (7) above or section 11(7) of this Act] and notification of the names of any justices [F9 whose names have been entered in] the supplemental list.

(11) Subject to any express amendment or repeal made by this Act, any enactment passed or instrument made before the passing of this Act shall have effect on and after 16th May 1975 as if—

(a) any reference to a person appointed justice by a commission of the peace or to a person being removed from a commission of the peace were a reference to his being appointed or removed from office in accordance with the provisions of this Act; and

(b) any reference to a supplemental list in connection with the commission of peace for any area were a reference to the supplemental list kept by virtue of this Act.

[F10 (12) In this section—

• a “full justice” means a justice of the peace who is qualified as a justice to do any act (including any function of a judicial nature) or to be a member of any committee or other body; and

• a “signing justice” means a justice of the peace who is qualified only to do all or any of the acts as a justice set out in section 15(9) of this Act.]

Textual Amendments

F1 Words in s. 9(2) repealed (9.8.2000) by 2000 asp 9, ss. 9(3), 12, Sch. para. 2(1)(a)

F2 S. 9(2A)(2B) inserted (9.8.2000) by 2000 asp 9, s. 8(a)

F3 S. 9(2C) inserted (9.8.2000) by 2000 asp 9, s. 9(2)(3)

F4 Words in s. 9(6) substituted (9.9.2000) by 2000 asp 9, ss. 9(3), 12, Sch. para. 2(1)(b)

F5 Words in s. 9(7) substituted (9.8.2000) by 2000 asp 9, s. 9(3), 12, Sch. para. 2(1)(c)

F6 S. 9(8A)(8B)(8C) inserted (9.8.2000) by 2000 asp 9, s. 8(b)

F7 S. 9(9)(bb) inserted (9.8.2000) by 2000 asp 9, ss. 9(3), 12, Sch. para. 2(1)(d)

F8 Words in s. 9(10) substituted (9.8.2000) by 2000 asp 9, ss. 9(3), 12, Sch. para. 2(1)(e)(i)

F9 Words in s. 9(10) substituted (9.8.2000) by 2000 asp 9, ss. 9(3), 12, Sch. para. 2(1)(e)(ii)

F10 S. 9(12) inserted (9.8.2000) by 2000 asp 9, s. 8(c)

[F11 9A Removal and restriction of functions of justices S

(1) A full justice may be removed from office or be restricted to having the functions of a signing justice by, and only by, order of the tribunal constituted by and under subsection (3) below (the “tribunal”); but this subsection is without prejudice to sections 9(4) (as read with (6)) and (7), 12(2) and 15(1) of this Act.

(2) The tribunal may make an order under subsection (1) above only if, after investigation carried out at the request of the Scottish Ministers, it finds that the full justice is, by reason of inability, neglect of duty or misbehaviour—

(a) unfit for office as such; or, as the case may be,

(b) unfit for performing functions of a judicial nature.

(3) The tribunal shall consist of the following three members, who shall be appointed by the Lord President of the Court of Session—

(a) a sheriff principal (who shall preside);

(b) a person who is, and has been for at least ten years, legally qualified within the meaning of section 5(2) of this Act; and

(c) one other person.

(4) Except in a case to which subsection (5) below applies, the sheriff principal shall be the sheriff principal for the sheriffdom which includes the commission area for which the justice who is the subject of the investigation was appointed.

(5) This subsection applies where it appears to the Lord President of the Court of Session to be inappropriate for that sheriff principal to be a member of the tribunal.

(6) The sheriff principal referred to in subsection (3)(a) above shall not be a temporary sheriff principal.

(7) Regulations, made by the Scottish Ministers—

(a) may make provision enabling the tribunal, at any time during an investigation, to suspend a full justice from office or from performing functions of a judicial nature and providing as to the effect and duration of such suspension;

(b) shall make such further provision as respects the tribunal as the Scottish Ministers consider necessary or expedient, including provision for the procedure to be followed by and before it.

(8) Regulations under subsection (7) above shall be made by statutory instrument.

(9) No such regulations shall be made unless laid in draft before, and approved by resolution of, the Scottish Parliament.

(10) A person who has been removed under subsection (1) above from the office of justice shall be ineligible for re appointment; and a justice whose functions have been restricted under that subsection to those of a signing justice shall be ineligible for re appointment as a full justice.

(11) The name of a person who is the subject of an order under subsection (1) above, restricting that person’s functions to those of a signing justice, shall be entered in the supplemental list.

(12) The Scottish Ministers shall send a copy of each order under subsection (1) above to the clerk of the peace for the commission area for which the justice who is the subject of the order was appointed.

(13) In this section, “full justice” and “signing justice” have the same meanings as in section 9 of this Act.]

Textual Amendments

F11 S. 9A inserted (9.8.2000) by 2000 asp 9, s. 9(1)(3)

10 Existing justices and magistrates. S

(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, any person holding office as justice of the peace for any area immediately before 16th May 1975 by virtue of the entry of his name in any commission of the peace—

(a) who resides in the area to which that commission relates shall, on and after that date, hold that office for the commission area in which he resides at that date;

(b) who does not so reside shall, on and after that date, hold that office for the commission area in which he resided at the time of his appointment under such commission.

(2) Any person holding office as a magistrate or judge of police of a burgh immediately before 16th May 1975 shall, on and after that date, hold office as justice of the peace for the commission area in which the burgh was situated.

(3) Any person holding office as justice of the peace for any commission area on or after 16th May 1975 by virtue of the provisions of subsection (1) or (2) above shall hold that office as if appointed in accordance with section 9(2) of this Act as a justice for that area.

(4) Where the Secretary of State is satisfied in all the circumstances that it is expedient that any such person as is mentioned in subsection (1) above should hold that office for another commission area, he may so direct, and any such direction shall have effect, and shall be treated for the purposes of this Act, as an instrument appointing that person in accordance with the said section 9(2) to hold office for such commission area as is mentioned in the direction.

(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F12

Textual Amendments

F12 Ss. 10(5), 11(8), 13(3), 17(2), 22 repealed by Licensing (Scotland) Act 1976 (c. 66), Sch. 8

11 Ex officio justices. S

(1) Any person holding office as justice of the peace for any area immediately before 16th May 1975 by virtue of any other office for the time being held by him shall, on that date, cease to hold office as justice for that area, notwithstanding the provisions of any enactment or of any instrument in terms of which he holds that office.

(2) Each local authority may nominate up to one quarter of their members to serve as ex officio justices for their area, and any person so nominated shall hold office as ex officio justice from the date on which the local authority intimate their nomination to the Secretary of State and shall continue as such for the period during which he remains a member of the authority and continues to retain the authority’s nomination.

[F13 (2A) The name of a person appointed as an ex officio justice under subsection (2) above shall be entered in the supplemental list.]

(3) Subject to subsection (4) below, any person nominated to serve as an ex officio justice shall, before acting as such a justice, take the oath of allegiance and judicial oath in accordance with the M1 Promissory Oaths Act 1868 and the M2 Promissory Oaths Act 1871.

(4) A person re-nominated to serve as an ex officio justice immediately after the expiry of a previous term as such shall not require to take again the oaths mentioned in subsection (3) above.

(5) Each local authority shall intimate to the Secretary of State the date on which a person duly nominated under subsection (2) above ceases to be a member of the authority or on which his nomination is terminated by the authority.

(6) A person duly nominated under subsection (2) above shall not be treated as having ceased to be a member of the local authority during any period when he is standing for re-election to that authority.

(7) [F14 Subject to section 12 of this Act,]A person holding office as an ex officio justice by virtue of subsection (2) above shall hold office as if appointed in accordance with section 9(2) of this Act as a justice for the commission area concerned [F15 and, notwithstanding that he remains a duly nominated member of the authority, may be removed from office [F16 by an instrument in the name of Her Majesty under the hand of the Scottish Ministers.]]

(8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F17

Textual Amendments

F13 S. 11(2A) inserted (9.8.2000) by 2000 asp 9, s. 12, Sch. para. 2(2)(a)

F14 Words in s. 11(7) inserted (9.8.2000) by 2000 asp 9, s. 12, Sch. para. 2(2)(b)(i)

F15 Words inserted by Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1985 (c. 73, SIF 36:1), s. 34(a)

F16 Words in s. 11(7) substituted (9.8.2000) 2000 asp 9, s. 12, Sch. para. 2(2)(b)(ii)

F17 Ss. 10(5), 11(8), 13(3), 17(2), 22 repealed by Licensing (Scotland) Act 1976 (c. 66), Sch. 8

Marginal Citations

M1 1868 c. 72.

M2 1871 c. 48.

[F18 12 Restriction of functions of justices who are councillors etc. S

(1) A member of a local authority—

(a) shall not be appointed to hold office as a full justice;

(b) may be appointed as a signing justice.

(2) A full justice who—

(a) at the coming into force of section 9 of the Bail, Judicial Appointments etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 (asp 9) is; or

(b) at any time thereafter becomes,

(1) a member of a local authority, shall thereupon become a signing justice.

(3) The name of a person—

(a) appointed as a justice under subsection (1)(b) above;

(b) who becomes a signing justice by virtue of the operation of subsection (2) above,

shall be entered in the supplemental list.

(4) In subsection (1) above—

• “local authority” includes the Service Authority for the National Criminal Intelligence Service;

• “full justice” and “signing justice” have the same meanings as in section 9 of this Act.]

Textual Amendments

F18 S. 12 substituted (9.8.2000) by 2000 asp 9, s. 10

13 Disqualification of solicitor who is a justice. S

(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, it shall not be lawful for any solicitor who is a justice of the peace for any commission area, nor for any partner of his, nor for any member of his or his firm’s staff, to act directly or indirectly as a solicitor in or in connection with any proceedings before—

(a) a district court for that area;

(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F19

(2) The disqualification imposed by the foregoing subsection shall not apply to a solicitor who is a justice of the peace for any area and whose name is entered on the supplementary list.

(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F20

Textual Amendments

F19 Words repealed by Licensing (Scotland) Act 1976 (c. 66), Sch. 8

F20 Ss. 10(5), 11(8), 13(3), 17(2), 22 repealed by Licensing (Scotland) Act 1976 (c. 66), Sch. 8

[F21 13A Disqualification in case of sequestration or bankruptcy. S

(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3) below, a person shall be disqualified for being appointed or acting as a justice of the peace if he is a person whose estate has been sequestrated in Scotland or who has been adjudged bankrupt elsewhere than in Scotland.

(2) Where a person is disqualified under this section by reason of his estate having been sequestrated, the disqualification shall cease if and when—

(a) the award of sequestration is recalled or reduced; or

(b) he is discharged under or by virtue of the Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act M3 1985.

(3) Where a person is disqualified under this section by reason of having been adjudged bankrupt, the disqualification shall cease if and when—

(a) the adjudication of bankruptcy against him is annulled; or

(b) he is discharged.]

Textual Amendments

F21 S. 13A inserted by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1989 (c. 43), s. 1(2), Sch. 2 Pt. I para. 2

Marginal Citations

M3 1985 c. 66 (66).

14 Courses for justices. S

The Secretary of State may make schemes and provide courses for the instruction of justices of the peace, and it shall be the duty of the justices’ committee of a commission area to implement and administer any such schemes in accordance with arrangements approved by the Secretary of State.

15 Supplemental list. S

(1) Subject to subsection (5) below, there shall be entered in the supplemental list the name of any justice of the peace who is of the age of 70 years or over.

F22 (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3) On a person’s appointment as a justice of the peace for any area, the Secretary of State may direct that his name shall be entered in the supplemental list if that person is appointed a justice for that area on ceasing to be a justice for some other area (including any commission area within the meaning of the M4 Administration of Justice Act 1973).

(4) The name of a justice of the peace shall be entered in the supplemental list if he applies for it to be entered and the application is approved by the Secretary of State.

(5) Nothing in subsections (1) to (4) above shall apply to a person holding office as stipendiary magistrate.

(6) A person’s name shall be removed from the supplemental list if he ceases to be a justice of the peace.

F22 (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(8) Subject to the following subsections, a justice of the peace for any area, while his name is entered in the supplemental list, shall not, by reason of being a justice for that area, be qualified as a justice to do any act or to be a member of any committee or other body.

[F23 (8A) A justice whose name is, under this section, entered in the supplemental list is a signing justice within the meaning of section 9(12) of this Act.]

(9) Subsection (8) above shall not preclude a justice from doing all or any of the following acts as a justice, that is to say—

(a) signing any document for the purpose of authenticating another person’s signature;

(b) taking and authenticating by his signature any written declaration; and

(c) giving a certificate of facts within his knowledge or of his opinion as to any matter.

(10) No act or appointment shall be invalidated by reason of the disqualification under subsection (8) above of the person acting or appointed.

(11) Where immediately before 16th May 1975 a person’s name is entered in the supplemental list kept in connection with any commission of the peace by virtue of section 4 of the Justices of the M5 Peace Act 1949, his name shall be treated as included in the supplemental list for Scotland under this section

Textual Amendments

F22 S. 15(2)(7) repealed (9.8.2000) by 2000 asp 9, s. 12, Sch. para. 2(3)(a)

F23 S. 15(8A) inserted (9.8.2000) by 2000 asp 9, s. 12, Sch. para. 2(3)(b)

Marginal Citations

M4 1973 c. 15.

M5 1949 c. 101.

16 Justices’ committees. S

(1) There shall be constituted in accordance with this section a justices’ committee for every commission area which shall—

(a) assist and advise the local authority concerned on any matter relating to the administration of the district court;

(b) approve the duty rota of justices;

(c) secure that adequate training arrangements for justices are made for their area in accordance with a scheme made under section 14 above, and that these arrangements are adhered to by justices;

(d) take such other steps as appear to them to be appropriate in order to secure the effective administration of justice in the district court.

(2) The clerk of the peace for a commission area shall, before 16th June 1975 and during the month preceding 16th June in every following year, call a meeting of the justices for that area, at such place and time as he may consider convenient, to elect from their number a justices’ committee.

[F24 (2A) For the purposes of subsection (2) above, “justices” includes signing justices who are or have become such by operation of section 12 of this Act.]

(3) The Secretary of State may prescribe the upper and lower limits of the number of members of which a committee in any commission area may be composed.

(4) A stipendiary magistrate appointed to any commission area shall, by virtue of his office, be a member of the committee for that area.

(5) The members of a committee shall elect from among themselves a chairman, who shall preside at their meetings.

(6) The clerk of the peace for a commission area shall, by virtue of his office, be secretary to the committee for that area.

(7) A justices’ committee may regulate their own procedure.

Textual Amendments

F24 S. 16(2A) inserted (9.8.2000) by asp 9, Sch. para. 2(4)

17 Allowances. S

(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, a justice of the peace shall be entitled to receive payments . . . F25 by way of travelling allowance or subsistence allowance where expenditure on travelling or, as the case may be, on subsistence is necessarily incurred by him for the purpose of enabling him to perform any of his duties as a justice, and to receive payments . . . F25 by way of financial loss allowance where for that purpose there is incurred by him any other expenditure to which he would not otherwise be subject or there is suffered by him any loss of earnings or of benefit under the National Insurance Acts 1965 to 1973 which he would otherwise have made or received.

(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F26

(3) A justice attending a meeting of justices authorised by or under any enactment or approved by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this section shall be deemed to be acting in the performance of his duties as a justice.

(4) For the purposes of this section, a justice attending a course of instruction provided in accordance with arrangements made by the Secretary of State or by a justices’ committee, by virtue of section 14 of this Act, or such other course as may be approved by the Secretary of State, shall be deemed to be acting in the performance of his duties as a justice.

(5) A justice shall not be entitled to any payment under this section in respect of any duties if, in respect of those duties, a payment of the like nature may be paid to him under arrangements made apart from this section or if regulations provide that this section shall not apply.

[F27 (5A) Allowances payable under this section shall be paid at rates determined by the Secretary of State with the consent of the Minister for the Civil Service.]

(6) An allowance payable under this section to a justice for any area in respect of his duties as such shall be paid by the local authority concerned.

(7) Regulations may make provision as to the manner in which this section is to be administered and, in particular—

[F28 (a) for prescribing the forms to be used and the particulars to be provided for the purpose of claiming payment of allowances;]

(b) for avoiding duplication between payments under this section and under other arrangements where expenditure is incurred for more than one purpose, and otherwise for preventing abuse.

(8) Regulations for the purposes of this section shall be made by the Secretary of State by statutory instrument, which shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(9) The provisions of this section do not apply to stipendiary magistrates.

Textual Amendments

F25 Words repealed by Administration of Justice Act 1977 (c. 38), Sch. 5 Pt. II

F26 Ss. 10(5), 11(8), 13(3), 17(2), 22 repealed by Licensing (Scotland) Act 1976 (c. 66), Sch. 8

F27 S. 17(5A) inserted by Administration of Justice Act 1977 (c. 38), Sch. 2 para. 9(a)

F28 S. 17(7)(a) substituted by Administration of Justice Act 1977 (c. 38), Sch. 2 para. 9(b)

Clerks of the peace S

18 Appointment and duties of clerk of peace. S

(1) Any person who immediately before 16th May 1975 holds office as clerk of the peace for any area shall, on that date, cease to hold that office, notwithstanding the provisions of any enactment or of any instrument in terms of which any person holds that office.

(2) On and after that date, the duties of clerk of the peace shall, subject to subsection (3) below, be performed in each commission area by an officer of the local authority concerned, and it shall be the duty of every such authority to appoint and employ, whether on a full-time or part-time basis, an officer to hold the office of clerk of the peace for their area for the purpose of performing those duties.

F29 (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4) It shall be the duty of the clerk of the peace for any commission area—

(a) to advise and assist the justices in the performance of their functions;

(b) to arrange meetings of the justices for that area;

(c) to cause to be kept a record of—

(i) those for the time being holding office as a justice for that area, and

(ii) those having held that office who have ceased to do so,

and to include in that record a copy of any instrument appointing or removing a justice for that area in accordance with section 9(2) of this Act;

(d) to cause to be kept a record of the justices in that area whose names are entered in the supplemental list;

(e) to notify the Secretary of State of all deaths and resignations of justices in that area and of any justice in that area who has become incapable of exercising any function as a justice or who has ceased to meet the residential requirements mentioned in section 9(3) above;

(f) to carry out such further duties as may be prescribed.

Textual Amendments

F29 S. 18(3) repealed (1.4.1996) by 1994 c. 39, s. 180(2), Sch. 14; S.I. 1996/323, art. 4(1)(d), Sch. 2