Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976

1976 CHAPTER 57

An Act to make amendments for England and Wales of provisions of the law which relates to local authorities or highways and is commonly amended by local Acts; to alter certain supplemental provisions of the enactments relating to public health; to provide for certain powers of local authorities to execute works to be exercisable outside their areas; to provide for certain future local enactments and orders to have effect subject to certain other enactments; to amend section 126 of the Housing Act 1974; and for purposes connected with the matters aforesaid.

[15 November 1976]

Be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—

PART I General

Highways

1 Power to erect flagpoles etc on highways

(1) Subject to the following subsection, a local authority may—

(a) erect flagpoles, pylons and other structures on any highway in its area for the purpose of displaying decorations ;

(b) make slots in such a highway for the purpose of erecting the structures; and

(c) remove any structure erected or slot made by the authority in pursuance of the preceding paragraphs;

and any structures or slots which may be erected or made by virtue of this subsection are hereafter in this section referred to as " relevant works ".

(2) A local authority shall not be entitled to exercise the powers conferred on it by the preceding subsection in respect of a highway for which it is not the highway authority except with the consent in writing of the highway authority for the highway, and shall not be entitled to exercise those powers in respect of so much of a highway as—

(a) is carried by a bridge which a body other than the local authority and the highway authority has a duty to maintain; or

(b) forms part of the approaches to such a bridge and is supported or protected by works or materials which a body other than the local authority and the highway authority has a duty to maintain,

except with the consent in writing of that body. In this subsection " bridge " includes a structure which carries a highway superimposed over a cutting.

(3) A highway authority or other body may give its consent in pursuance of the preceding subsection on such terms as it thinks fit (including in particular, without prejudice to the generality of the preceding provisions of this subsection, terms providing for the highway authority or body to remove any of the relevant works and reinstate the highway and to recover the reasonable cost of doing so from the local authority to which the consent was given).

(4) It shall be the duty of an authority by which relevant works are erected or made by virtue of the preceding provisions of this section—

(a) to ensure that the works are erected or made so as to obstruct the highway in question as little as is reasonably possible, so as not to obscure or conflict with traffic signs connected with the highway and so as to interfere as little as is reasonably possible with the enjoyment of premises adjacent to the highway and with, and with access to, any apparatus in or on the highway which belongs to or is used or maintained by statutory undertakers ; and

(b) to ensure that while the works are retained they are properly maintained and, so far as it is necessary to light them to avoid danger to users of the highway, are properly lit; and

(c) if the authority is not the highway authority for the highway, to indemnify the highway authority against any payments falling to be made by the highway authority in consequence of the works.

(5) A person who without lawful authority interferes with or removes any relevant works shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £50 or, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction under this subsection, not exceeding £100.

2 Control of scaffolding on highways

(1) Subject to subsection (7) of this section no person shall, in connection with any building or demolition work or the alteration, repair, maintenance or cleaning of any building, erect or retain on or over a highway any scaffolding or other structure which obstructs the highway (hereafter in this section referred to as a " relevant structure ") unless he is authorised to do so by a licence in writing issued for the purposes of this section by the highway authority (hereafter in this section referred to as " a licence ") and complies with the terms of the licence ; and a licence may contain such terms as the authority issuing it thinks fit.

(2) If a person applies to a highway authority for a licence in respect of any relevant structure and furnishes the authority with such particulars in connection with the structure as the authority reasonably demands, it shall be the duty of the authority to issue a licence to him in respect of the structure unless the authority considers—

(a) that the structure would cause unreasonable obstruction of a highway ; or

(b) that a relevant structure erected otherwise than as proposed by the applicant would cause less obstruction of a highway than the structure proposed by him and could conveniently be used for the work in question.

(3) If on an application for a licence in connection with a highway the highway authority refuses to issue a licence or issues a licence containing terms to which the applicant objects, the applicant may appeal to a magistrates' court against the refusal or terms ; and on such an appeal the court may—

(a) in the case of an appeal against a refusal, direct the highway authority to issue a licence in pursuance of the application;

(b) in the case of an appeal against the terms of the licence, alter the terms.

(4) Sections 273 to 275, 277 and 278 of the [1959 c. 25.] Highways Act 1959 (which contain supplementary provisions connected with appeals) shall have effect as if references in those sections to that Act included references to this section.

(5) Subject to subsection (7) of this section, it shall be the duty of a person to whom a licence is issued by a highway authority in respect of a relevant structure—

(a) to ensure that the structure is adequately lit at all times between half an hour after sunset and half an hour before sunrise;

(b) to comply with any directions given to him in writing by the authority with respect to the erection and maintenance of traffic signs in connection with the structure; and

(c) to do such things in connection with the structure as any statutory undertakers reasonably request him to do for the purpose of protecting or giving access to any apparatus belonging to or used or maintained by the undertakers.

(6) A person who contravenes the provisions of subsection (1) of this section otherwise than by failing to comply with the terms of a licence or who fails without reasonable excuse to comply with the terms of a licence or to perform a duty imposed on him by the preceding subsection shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £400.

(7) Nothing in the preceding provisions of this section applies to a relevant structure erected before the coming into force of this section or erected or retained by the British Railways Board, the British Waterways Board or the London Transport Executive in the exercise of powers conferred on the body in question by any enactment; and nothing in paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (5) of this section applies to a relevant structure if no part of it is less than eighteen inches in a horizontal direction from a carriage-way of the relevant highway and no part of it over a footway of the relevant highway is less than eight feet in a vertical direction above the footway.

In this subsection " carriage-way " and " footway " have the Same meanings as in the [1959 c. 25.] Highways Act 1959.

(8) No civil or criminal proceedings shall lie in respect of any obstruction of a highway which is caused by a relevant structure if the structure is on or over the highway in accordance with a licence and the person to whom the licence is issued performs the duties imposed on him in respect of the structure by subsection (5) of this section; and a highway authority by which a licence is issued shall not incur any liability by reason of the issue of the licence.

(9) Section 287 of the Highways Act 1959 (under which certain enactments relating to highways may be applied to Crown land) shall have effect as if the reference to that Act in subsection (2) included a reference to subsections (1) to (8) of this section.

3 Control of mixing of mortar etc on highways

(1) Subject to the following subsection, a person who mixes or deposits on a highway any mortar or cement or any other substance which is likely to stick to the surface of the highway or which, if it enters drains or sewers connected with the highway, is likely to solidify in the drains or sewers shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £200.

(2) Nothing in the preceding subsection applies to any mixing or deposit—

(a) in a receptacle or on a plate which prevents the substance in question from coming into contact with the highway and from entering any drains and sewers connected with the highway;

(b) by the highway authority or a local authority in connection with the maintenance or alteration of the highway or a bridge over which or a tunnel through which the highway passes ;

(c) by a body having a duty under an enactment to maintain—

(i) a bridge over which or a tunnel through which the highway passes, or

(ii) works or materials supporting or protecting the highway where it forms part of the approaches to such a bridge or tunnel,

if the mixing or deposit is in connection with the maintenance or alteration of the bridge, tunnel, works or materials;

(d) by statutory undertakers in connection with apparatus in or the placing of apparatus in the highway ;

(e) by a person entitled to the benefit of a licence in respect of the highway under section 41 of the [1971 c. 41.] Highways Act 1971 (which relates to the placing of apparatus in highways) if the mixing or deposit cannot reasonably be done elsewhere than on the highway.

(3) In paragraphs (b) and (c) of the preceding subsection " maintain " and " maintenance " have the same meanings as in the [1959 c. 25.] Highways Act 1959.

4 Conditions of consents for temporary deposits and excavations in highways

(1) A highway authority may give its consent in pursuance of subsection (1) of section 146 of the [1959 c. 25.] Highways Act 1959 (which relates to temporary deposits and excavations in highways) subject to such conditions as it thinks fit including in particular, without prejudice to the generality of the preceding provisions of this subsection, conditions for preventing damage or ensuring access to apparatus of statutory undertakers.

(2) A person to whom such a consent is given subject to conditions may appeal to a magistrates' court against the conditions ; and sections 273 to 275, 277 and 278 of the Highways Act 1959 (which contain supplementary provisions connected with appeals) shall have effect as if references in those sections to that Act included references to this section.

(3) It shall be the duty of a person who makes such a deposit or excavation as is mentioned in the said subsection (1) to comply with any directions given to him in writing by the highway authority with respect to the erection and maintenance of traffic signs in connection with the deposit or excavation.

(4) A person who without reasonable excuse contravenes any condition subject to which a consent is given to him in pursuance of the said subsection (1) or fails to perform the duty imposed on him by the preceding subsection shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £10 in respect of each day on which the contravention or failure occurs.

(5) In Schedule 17 to the Highways Act 1959 (under which the said section 146 is included among the provisions of that Act to which the sections mentioned in the heading of that Schedule apply) the reference to the said section 146 shall be construed as if it included a reference to subsections (1) to (4) of this section and as if those subsections were provisions of that Act.

5 Unauthorised marks on highways

(1) A person who, without either the consent of the highway authority for the highway in question or an authorisation given by or under an enactment or a reasonable excuse, paints or otherwise inscribes or affixes any picture, letter, sign or other mark upon the surface of a highway or upon any tree, structure or works on or in a highway shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £100 or, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction under this subsection, not exceeding £200.

(2) The highway authority for a highway may, without prejudice to its powers apart from this subsection and whether or not proceedings in respect of the matter have been taken in pursuance of the preceding subsection, remove any picture, letter, sign or other mark which has, without either the consent of the authority or an authorisation given by or under an enactment, been painted or otherwise inscribed or affixed upon the surface of the highway or upon any tree, structure or works on or in the highway.

6 Revocation and amendment of orders prescribing new streets

(1) A county council, a London borough council or the Common Council may by an order in writing—

(a) revoke a new street order ;

(b) amend a new street order relating to two or more streets so as to reduce the number of streets to which the order relates ;

(c) amend a new street order so as to exclude from it a part of a street but not so as to make the order relate to parts of the same street which are not continuous.

(2) It shall be the duty of a council which proposes to make an order in pursuance of the preceding subsection to cause notice of the proposal to be displayed, at least one month before it makes the order, in a conspicuous position in each street to which the proposal relates and to include in the notice a statement indicating that the order may be made on or at any time after a date specified in the notice.

(3) Where a county council makes an order in pursuance of subsection (1) of this section it shall be the duty of the council to send a copy of the order as soon as practicable to each registering authority for the purposes of the [1975 c. 76.] Local Land Charges Act 1975 within whose area any street or part of a street to which the order relates is situated.

(4) In this section "new street order", in relation to a council, means an order having effect by virtue of section 159 of the [1959 c. 25.] Highways Act 1959 or paragraph 22 of Schedule 24 to that Act so far as the order relates to the area of the council, and " street" has the same meaning as in that Act.

(5) In sub-paragraph (1) of the said paragraph 22 the words " so however that the appropriate authority may at any time revoke the order " shall cease to have effect.

7 Control of road-side sales

(1) If a highway authority considers that, for the purpose of avoiding danger on or facilitating the passage of traffic over a highway for which it is the highway authority, it is appropriate to make an order under this subsection in respect of the highway, the authority may make an order (hereafter in this section referred to as a " control order ") specifying the highway and providing that, subject to subsection (5) of this section—

(a) no person shall sell anything on the highway or offer or expose anything for sale on the highway ; and

(b) no person shall, for the purpose of selling anything or offering or exposing anything for sale on the highway or of attracting from users of the highway offers to buy anything, put, keep or use on the highway, or on land within fifteen metres from any part of the highway any stall or similar structure or any container or vehicle.

(2) The highway authority for a highway in respect of which a control order is in force may vary or revoke the order by a subsequent order.

(3) Section 84C(1) to (5) and (6) of the [1967 c. 76.] Road Traffic Regulation Act 1967 (which relate to the procedure for making orders under the provisions of that Act mentioned in subsections (1) and (5) of that section) shall have effect as if subsections (1) and (2) of this section were included among those provisions.

(4) If a person contravenes a control order which is in force for a highway, the highway authority for the highway may by a notice served on him require him not to contravene the order after a date specified in the notice (which must not be before the expiration of the period of 7 days beginning with the date of service of the notice); and—

(a) if a person on whom a notice relating to a contravention of a control order is served in pursuance of this subsection contravenes the order after the expiration of that period, or causes, permits or procures another person to contravene it after the expiration of that period, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £50 ;

(b) if a contravention in respect of which a person is convicted of an offence in pursuance of the preceding paragraph is continued by him after the expiration of the period of 7 days beginning with the date of the conviction he shall, as respects each day on which the contravention is so continued, be guilty of a further offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £10.

(5) A control order does not apply—

(a) to anything done at premises used as a shop or petrol filling station either—

(i) in pursuance of planning permission granted or deemed to be granted under the [1971 c. 78.] Town and Country Planning Act 1971, or

(ii) in a case where the premises are, without such permission, lawfully used as a shop or petrol filling station, or

(iii) without prejudice to the generality of sub-paragraph (ii) above, in a case where by virtue of section 87 of that Act (which relates to enforcement notices) an enforcement notice in respect of that use of the premises cannot be served ;

(b) to anything done at a market in respect of which tolls, stallages or rents are payable;

(c) to the sale, offer or exposure for sale of things from or on a vehicle which is used only for the purpose of itinerant trading with the occupiers of premises or which is used only for that purpose and for purposes other than trading;

(d) to such a vehicle as is mentioned in the preceding paragraph or to containers on the vehicle ;

(e) to, or to containers used in connection with, the sale, offer or exposure for sale, by or on behalf of the occupier of land used for agriculture and on that land, of agricultural produce produced on that land;

(f) to the provision, in a lay-by situated on a highway, of facilities for the purchase of refreshments by persons travelling on the highway or on another highway near to the highway;

(g) to anything as respects which the control order provides that the order is not to apply to it.

In paragraph (e) of this subsection " agriculture " and " agricultural " have the same meanings as in the [1947 c. 48.] Agriculture Act 1947.

(6) References in the preceding provisions of this section to a control order are, in the case of a control order which has been varied in pursuance of subsection (2) of this section, references to the order as so varied.

Housing

8 Safety of certain unoccupied houses etc.

(1) If it appears to a local authority (other than a county council and the Greater London Council) that any unoccupied premises in its area in respect of which—

(a) an undertaking that the premises shall not be used for human habitation is in force by virtue of section 16(4) of the [1957 c. 56.] Housing Act 1957 or section 60(2) of the [1969 c. 33.] Housing Act 1969; or

(b) a closing order is in force by virtue of section 17, 26 or 35 of the Housing Act 1957, section 26 of the [1961 c. 65.] Housing Act 1961 or section 60 of the Housing Act 1969,

are not effectively secured against unauthorised entry or are, or are likely to become, a danger to public health, the authority may, after giving to each person who is an owner of the premises not less than 48 hours' notice that it proposes to do so, do such works in connection with the premises as the authority thinks fit for the purpose of preventing unauthorised entry to the premises or, as the case may be, for the purpose of preventing the premises from being a danger to public health.

(2) References in the preceding subsection to sections 16(4) and 17 of the said Act of 1957 include references to them as applied by section 18 of that Act.

(3) The preceding provisions of this section shall have effect, in relation to any area which in pursuance of section 40 of the [1969 c. 33.] Housing Act 1969 or section 49 of the [1974 c. 44.] Housing Act 1974 is for the time being declared by the Greater London Council to be a general improvement area or a housing action area, as if in subsection (1) of this section for the words preceding paragraph (a) there were substituted the words " If it appears to the Greater London Council that any unoccupied premises in the area in respect of which—

and for the words " the authority " in both places there were substituted the words " the Council ".

9 Byelaws about certain land held in pursuance of Part V of the Housing Act 1957

A local authority may make byelaws with respect to the use of any land which is held by the authority by virtue of section 93 of the [1957 c. 56.] Housing Act 1957 (which contains supplementary powers to provide buildings or land in connection with the provision of accommodation) excluding any land covered by buildings or included in the curtilage of a building or forming part of a highway.

10 Revocation of closing order as respects part of premises to which it relates

(1) Section 27 of the Housing Act 1957 shall have effect with the following amendments, namely—

(a) at the end of subsection (2) (which among other things requires a local authority to determine a closing order if the authority is satisfied that the relevant premises have been made fit for human habitation) there shall be inserted the words " and shall determine the order so far as it relates to part of the premises on being satisfied that the part has been rendered fit for human habitation ";

(b) at the end of subsection (3)(b) (which provides for an appeal against a refusal to determine a closing order) there shall be inserted the words " either wholly or as respects part of the premises to which it relates "; and

(c) in subsection (4) (which restricts appeals under subsection (3)(b)) after the word " premises " there shall be inserted the words " or a relevant part of the premises ".

(2) A local authority shall not have power to revoke a closing order and make a demolition order by virtue of section 28 of the said Act of 1957 (which provides that where an authority has made a closing order in pursuance of section 17(1) of that Act instead of a demolition order, the authority may revoke the closing order and make a demolition order) if the closing order has been determined by virtue of the preceding subsection in respect of part of the premises to which the closing order relates.

(3) Where by virtue of subsection (1) of this section a closing order is determined as respects part of the premises to which the order relates and—

(a) a payment has been made by an authority in respect of the premises in pursuance of section 30 of or Part II of Schedule 2 to the said Act of 1957 or Schedule 5 to the [1969 c. 33.] Housing Act 1969 (which relate to payments for well-maintained houses and owner-occupiers); and

(b) if the order and the payment had related only to that part of the premises any person would by virtue of section 69 of the said Act of 1969 have been liable on demand to repay the payment to the authority,

that person shall on demand pay to the authority an amount equal to the appropriate fraction of the payment.

(4) For the purposes of the preceding subsection the appropriate fraction of a payment is—

(a) in a case where the payment was not reduced in pursuance of paragraph 4(4) of Schedule 2 to the said Act of 1957 or paragraph 3(1) of Schedule 5 to the said Act of 1969, the fraction obtained by dividing the rateable value of the part of the premises in question at the time when the closing order was made by the rateable value of the premises at that time;

(b) in a case where the payment was so reduced, the fraction obtained by dividing the rateable value at that time of so much of the part of the premises in question as was used for the purposes of a private dwelling by the rateable value at that time of so much of the premises as was so used.

(5) Paragraph 3(1) and (2) of Schedule 2 to the said Act of 1957, as set out in Schedule 4 to the said Act of 1969, shall apply for the purpose of determining the rateable value of premises or a portion of them for the purposes of the preceding subsection as if for references to a house there were substituted references to the premises or portion.

Heating etc.

11 Production and supply of heat etc by local authorities

(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3) of this section, a local authority may—

(a) produce heat or electricity or both;

(b) establish and operate such generating stations and other installations as the authority thinks fit for the purpose of producing heat or electricity or both ;

(c) buy or otherwise acquire heat;

(d) use, sell or otherwise dispose of heat produced or acquired by the authority by virtue of this section;

(e) without prejudice to the generality of the preceding paragraph, enter into and carry out agreements for the supply by the authority, to premises within or outside the authority's area, of such heat as is mentioned in the preceding paragraph and steam produced from and air and water heated by such heat.

(2) A local authority shall not be entitled to make any arrangements with a view to the production in pursuance of this section of electricity for sale unless—

(a) the authority has had consultations about the arrangements with the Central Electricity Generating Board and with any Electricity Board proposed to be specified in the arrangements in pursuance of paragraph (b) of the following subsection ; and

(b) the arrangements are approved by the Secretary of State and are in accordance with any conditions which he attaches to his approval.

(3) Where a local authority produces electricity by virtue of this section the authority—

(a) may use any of the electricity at the installation at which it was produced and on any premises occupied by the authority in connection with the installation, but shall not use any of it elsewhere;

(b) may sell any of the electricity, on such terms as are specified in the relevant arrangements made in pursuance of the preceding subsection, to any Electricity Board which is so specified, but shall not sell or otherwise dispose of it to any other person;

and it shall be the duty of any Electricity Board so specified to buy electricity from the authority in accordance with the said arrangements.

(4) A local authority may—

(a) construct, lay and maintain pipes and associated works for the purpose of conveying heat produced or acquired by the authority by virtue of this section and steam produced from and air and water heated by such heat;

(b) contribute towards the cost incurred by another person in providing or maintaining pipes or associated works which are connected with pipes provided by the authority in pursuance of the preceding paragraph.

(5) Parts V and VI of Schedule 3 to the [1945 c. 42.] Water Act 1945 (which relate to the laying of mains and the breaking open of streets) shall apply in relation to pipes and associated works provided or to be provided in pursuance of paragraph (a) of the preceding subsection as those Parts apply in relation to water mains and pipes but as if—

(a) sections 19(4) and 21 of that Schedule (which relate to the erection of street notices and the laying of service pipes) were omitted, and in section 22 of that Schedule the words " which they are authorised to lay " were omitted; and

(b) for any reference to undertakers or limits of supply there were substituted respectively a reference to the authority in question and the area of the authority; and

(c) for the reference to the special Act in section 25(4) of that Schedule there were substituted a reference to this subsection.

(6) It shall be the duty of a local authority by which an installation for producing heat is operated in pursuance of this section in any year to furnish to the Secretary of State, as soon as practicable after the end of that year, such particulars relating to the installation and heat produced at it as are prescribed.

(7) In this section—

• " associated works ", in relation to pipes, means any of the following connected with the pipes, namely, any valve, filter, stopcock, pump, meter, inspection chamber and manhole and such other works as are prescribed;

• "Electricity Board " has the same meaning as in the [1947 c. 54.] Electricity Act 1947 ; and

• " prescribed " means prescribed by regulations made by statutory instrument by the Secretary of State;

and nothing in this section (except the restrictions imposed by subsection (3)) shall be construed as prejudicing any power exercisable by a local authority apart from this section.

12 Provisions supplementary to s. 11

(1) A local authority which supplies or proposes to supply heat, hot air, hot water or steam in pursuance of the preceding section may make byelaws—

(a) with respect to the works and apparatus to be provided or used by persons other than the authority in connection with the supply;

(b) for preventing waste and unauthorised use of the supply and unauthorised interference with works and apparatus used by the authority or any other person in connection with the supply ;

(c) providing for any specified contravention of the byelaws to be an offence punishable on summary conviction with a fine of such an amount, not exceeding £100, as is specified in the byelaws.

(2) Subsections (1) to (5) of section 82 of Schedule 3 to the [1945 c. 42.] Water Act 1945 (which relates to the entry of premises by authorised officers of water undertakers) shall have effect for the purpose of authorising the entry of premises by authorised officers of an authority which provides or proposes to provide such a supply as is mentioned in the preceding subsection as if for any reference to undertakers there were substituted a reference to the authority and as if in subsection (1) of that section—

(a) for paragraph (a) there were substituted the following paragraph—

(a) for the purpose of installing, examining, adjusting, removing or reading any meter used or to be used by the authority for measuring the heat, hot air, hot water or steam supplied or to be supplied by the authority;

(b) for the words from " the special Act" onwards in paragraph (b) there were substituted the words " byelaws in force by virtue of section 12 of the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976 "; and

(c) for the words " the special Act" in paragraphs (c) and (d) there were substituted the words " section 11 of that Act ".

(3) Building regulations may repeal or alter subsection (1) of this section or any provision of byelaws in force by virtue of that subsection and may make any modification of the preceding subsection which the Secretary of State considers is appropriate in consequence of the repeal or alteration; and section 80 of the [1974 c. 37.] Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (which among other things provides that regulations under subsection (1) of that section may repeal or modify any provision to which that subsection applies if it appears to the authority making the regulations that it is expedient to do so in consequence of any provision made by or under Part I of that Act) shall have effect as if the provisions to which subsection (1) of that section applies included subsection (1) of this section and byelaws in force by virtue of subsection (1) of this section.

(4) The accounts of a local authority by which expenditure is incurred under any of the provisions of the preceding section and this section shall include a separate account of that expenditure and of any income connected with functions conferred on the authority by those provisions.

Land

13 Compulsory acquisition by local authorities of rights over land

(1) A local authority which may be authorised by a Minister of the Crown, by means of a compulsory purchase order, to purchase any land compulsorily for any purpose may be authorised by that Minister, by means of such an order, to purchase compulsorily for that purpose such new rights over the land as are specified in the order; and in this subsection " new rights " means rights which are not in existence when the order specifying them is made.

(2) The [1946 c. 49.] Acquisition of Land (Authorisation Procedure) Act 1946 and the [1965 c. 56.] Compulsory Purchase Act 1965 shall have effect with the modifications necessary to make them apply to the compulsory purchase of rights by virtue of the preceding subsection as they apply to the compulsory purchase of land so that, in appropriate contexts, references in those Acts to land are read as referring, or as including references, to the rights or to land over which the rights are or are to be exercisable, according to the requirements of the particular context.

(3) Without prejudice to the generality of the preceding subsection, in relation to the purchase of rights in pursuance of subsection (1) of this section—

(a) Part III of Schedule 1 to the said Act of 1946 (which provides for special parliamentary procedure in the case of the purchase of land of certain descriptions) shall have effect with the adaptations specified in Part I of Schedule 1 to this Act;

(b) Part I of the said Act of 1965 (which relates to compulsory purchases under the said Act of 1946) shall have effect with the modifications specified in Part II of Schedule 1 to this Act; and

(c) the enactments relating to compensation for the compulsory purchase of land shall apply with the necessary modifications as they apply to such compensation.

(4) Nothing in the preceding provisions of this section shall authorise the purchase of any rights by an authority for a purpose for which there is power by virtue of section 47 of the [1971 c. 41.] Highways Act 1971 (which relates to the compulsory acquisition of rights by highway authorities) to authorise the authority to acquire the rights.

(5) In this section " compulsory purchase order " has the same meaning as in the said Act of 1946.

14 Injurious affection connected with certain land held by local authorities and acquired by agreement before 1st April 1974

(1) Where an interest in land is held by a local authority for a purpose for which the authority can by virtue of an enactment be authorised to acquire land compulsorily and—

(a) the interest was acquired by agreement by the authority or another body before 1st April 1974 and, where it was acquired by another body, has not since the acquisition been transferred otherwise than by an Act or an order made under an Act; and

(b) provisions of the [1965 c. 56.] Lands Clauses Acts or the Compulsory Purchase Act 1965 apply to the acquisition but those provisions do not include section 68 of the [1845 c. 18.] Lands Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 (under which there is among other things a right to compensation in respect of land injuriously affected by certain works) or section 10 of the said Act of 1965 (which re-enacts the said section 68),

the authority may by resolution provide that, on and after the date when the resolution comes into force, the said section 68 or as the case may be the said section 10 shall be included among the provisions aforesaid which apply to the acquisition.

(2) Where an authority passes a resolution in pursuance of the preceding subsection in connection with any land in which the authority holds an interest, it shall be the duty of the authority—

(a) to send to the appropriate Minister a copy of the resolution and a map indicating the land ;

(b) to publish in two successive weeks, in one or more local newspapers circulating in the area in which the land is situated, a copy of the resolution and a notice stating—

(i) a place in the area of the council where a map indicating the land may be inspected by members of the public free of charge between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. on each weekday, except Saturdays and bank holidays, during a period specified in the notice (which shall not be less than 21 days beginning with the date of first publication of the notice in pursuance of this paragraph), and

(ii) that any person having an interest in land which could be injuriously affected by virtue of the resolution if it came into force may object to the resolution in accordance with the following subsection, and

(iii) the designation and address of the appropriate Minister;

(c) not later than the date aforesaid, to serve a copy of the resolution and of the said notice, by post by the recorded delivery service, on each person who, after reasonable inquiry, appears to the authority to be such a person as is mentioned in paragraph (b)(ii) of this subsection; and

(d) not later than that date, to affix a copy of the resolution and the said notice in a prominent position on the land.

(3) Any such person as is mentioned in paragraph (b)(ii) of the preceding subsection may object to the resolution in question by serving on the appropriate Minister, within the period mentioned in paragraph (b)(i) of that subsection, a notice setting out the grounds of his objection.

(4) A resolution passed in pursuance of subsection (1) of this section shall not come into force unless the appropriate Minister makes an order providing that it shall come into force and, where he makes such an order, shall come into force on the date specified in the order; and the appropriate Minister—

(a) shall not make such an order in respect of a resolution before the expiration of the period specified in pursuance of paragraph (b)(i) of subsection (2) of this section in the notice published in pursuance of that subsection in connection with the resolution ; and

(b) may hold an inquiry for the purpose of deciding whether to make such an order in respect of a resolution.

(5) Where an order is made in pursuance of this section in respect of a resolution passed by an authority, it shall be the duty of the authority—

(a) to publish in two successive weeks, in one or more local newspapers circulating in the area in which the land to which the resolution relates is situated, a notice stating that the order has been made, the date specified in the order as that on which the resolution comes into force and the effect of the following subsection; and

(b) to serve a copy of the notice, by post by the recorded delivery service, on each person on whom notice in respect of the resolution was served in pursuance of subsection (2)(c) of this section.

(6) No question as to the validity of a resolution purporting to be passed in pursuance of subsection (1) of this section or of an order purporting to be made in pursuance of this section in respect of such a resolution shall be entertained in any proceedings begun after the expiration of the period of three months beginning with the date when notice relating to the resolution was first published in pursuance of the preceding subsection; and, except as otherwise determined in proceedings begun before the expiration of that period, such a resolution shall be deemed to be duly passed and such an order shall be deemed to be duly made.

(7) In this section " the appropriate Minister" means, in relation to a resolution passed by an authority in connection with any land in which an interest is held by the authority, the Minister of the Crown having power to authorise the authority to acquire land compulsorily for the purposes for which the interest is held by the authority; and section 250 of the [1972 c. 70.] Local Government Act 1972 (which relates to local inquiries) shall have effect in relation to an inquiry in pursuance of subsection (4)(b) of this section as if for the reference to the Secretary of State in subsection (1) of that section there were substituted a reference to the appropriate Minister.

15 Power of local authorities to survey land which they propose to acquire compulsorily

(1) A person authorised in writing in that behalf by a local authority may at any reasonable time—

(a) survey any land in connection with a proposal by the authority to acquire compulsorily an interest in the land or a right over the land which is not such an interest; and

(b) for the purpose of surveying any land in pursuance of the preceding paragraph, enter on the land and other land.

(2) The power to survey land conferred by the preceding subsection includes power to search and bore on and in the land for the purpose of ascertaining the nature of the subsoil or whether minerals are present in the subsoil, and the power to enter on land conferred by that subsection includes power to place and leave, on or in the land, apparatus for use in connection with the survey in question and power to remove the apparatus ; and it is hereby declared that references to surveying in this section include surveying from the air.

(3) A person authorised by a local authority to enter on land in pursuance of subsection (1) of this section—

(a) shall, if so required before or after entering on the land, produce evidence of his authority to enter ;

(b) may take with him on to the land such other persons and such equipment as are necessary for the survey in question;

(c) shall not if the land is occupied demand admission to the land as of right unless notice of the intended entry has been served by the local authority on the occupier not less than fourteen days before the demand;

(d) shall, if the land is unoccupied when he enters or the occupier is then temporarily absent, leave the land as effectually secured against trespassers as he found it;

(e) shall not place or leave apparatus on or in the land or remove apparatus from the land—

(i) unless notice of his intention to do so has been served by the local authority on an owner of the land, and if the land is occupied on the occupier, not less than fourteen days before he does so, and

(ii) if the land is held by relevant undertakers who within that period serve on the local authority a notice stating that they object to the placing or leaving or removal of the apparatus on the ground that to do so would be seriously detrimental to the carrying on of their undertaking, unless the Secretary of State authorises him in writing to do so;

(f) shall not search or bore on or in the land which is the subject of the survey in question if the land is held by relevant undertakers—

(i) unless notice of his intention to do so has been served by the local authority on the undertakers not less than fourteen days before he does so, and

(ii) if within that period the undertakers serve on the local authority a notice stating that they object to the searching or boring on the ground that to do so would be seriously detrimental to the carrying on of their undertaking, unless the Secretary of State authorises him in writing to do so ;

and in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this subsection " relevant undertakers " means any statutory undertakers, any person authorised to carry on a light railway undertaking, a ferry undertaking or an undertaking for supplying district heating, the British Airports Authority, the Civil Aviation Authority and the National Coal Board.

(4) Where it is proposed to search or bore in pursuance of this section in a street or controlled land within the meaning of the [1950 c. 39.] Public Utilities Street Works Act 1950, section 26 of that Act (which imposes obligations on undertakers executing works likely to affect other undertakers' apparatus) shall have effect in relation to the searching or boring as if it were works to which that section applies and as if the person intending to do the searching or boring were operating undertakers within the meaning of that section.

(5) If, in connection with such a proposal of a local authority as is mentioned in subsection (1)(a) of this section, a person interested in any land suffers damage in consequence of the exercise of a power conferred by subsection (1) or (3)(b) of this section or a failure to perform the duty imposed by subsection (3)(d) of this section in respect of the land, he shall be entitled to recover compensation for the damage from the local authority.

(6) Any dispute as to a person's entitlement to compensation in pursuance of the preceding subsection or as to the amount of the compensation shall be determined by the Lands Tribunal, and sections 2(2) to (5) and 4 of the [1961 c. 33.] Land Compensation Act 1961 (which relate to the conduct of certain proceedings before the Tribunal and costs) shall with the necessary modifications apply in relation to the determination by the Tribunal of such a dispute.

(7) If a person—

(a) wilfully obstructs another person in the exercise of a power conferred on the other person by subsection (1) or (3)(b) of this section ; or

(b) while another person is on any land in pursuance of the said subsection (3)(b), wilfully obstructs him in doing things connected with the survey in question; or

(c) removes or otherwise interferes with apparatus left on or in land in pursuance of this section,

he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £50.

(8) If a person who has entered on any land in pursuance of this section discloses to another person information obtained by him there about a manufacturing process or trade secret, then, unless the disclosure is made in the course of performing his duty in connection with the purposes for which he was authorised to enter on the land, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding £400 or, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or a fine or both.

(9) A local authority which has power by virtue of section 64(1) of the [1971 c. 41.] Highways Act 1971, section 280(7) of the [1971 c. 78.] Town and Country Planning Act 1971 or paragraph 20(1) of Schedule 4 to the [1975 c. 77.] Community Land Act 1975 to authorise a person to survey or enter on any land as mentioned in subsection (1) of this section shall not be entitled by virtue of that subsection to authorise a person to survey or enter on the land.

16 Power of local authorities to obtain particulars of persons interested in land

(1) Where, with a view to performing a function conferred on a local authority by any enactment, the authority considers that it ought to have information connected with any land, the authority may serve on one or more of the following persons, namely—

(a) the occupier of the land; and

(b) any person who has an interest in the land either as freeholder, mortgagee or lessee or who directly or indirectly receives rent for the land ; and

(c) any person who, in pursuance of an agreement between himself and a person interested in the land, is authorised to manage the land or to arrange for the letting of it,

a notice specifying the land and the function and the enactment which confers the function and requiring the recipient of the notice to furnish to the authority, within a period specified in the notice (which shall not be less than fourteen days beginning with the day on which the notice is served), the nature of his interest in the land and the name and address of each person whom the recipient of the notice believes is the occupier of the land and of each person whom he believes is, as respects the land, such a person as is mentioned in the provisions of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this subsection.

(2) A person who—

(a) fails to comply with the requirements of a notice served on him in pursuance of the preceding subsection ; or

(b) in furnishing any information in compliance with such a notice makes a statement which he knows to be false in a material particular or recklessly makes a statement which is false in a material particular,

shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £400.

Bathing and boating

17 Byelaws about bathing and boating

(1) Where any part of the area of a local authority having power to make byelaws under both section 231 of the [1936 c. 49.] Public Health Act 1936 and section 76 of the [1961 c. 64.] Public Health Act 1961 (which authorise the making of byelaws about public bathing and pleasure boats) is bounded by or is to seaward of the low water mark, the authority may exercise that power as respects any area of the sea which is outside the area of the authority and within 1,000 metres to seaward of any place where that mark is within or on the boundary of the area of the authority.

(2) The Secretary of State may, before he confirms any byelaws made by virtue of this section, amend the byelaws so as to reduce the area in which the byelaws have effect if it appears to him appropriate to do so with a view to ensuring that the byelaws do not have effect in an area for which another local authority has made or may make byelaws by virtue of this section.

(3) An offence against byelaws made by an authority by virtue of the preceding provisions of this section may be inquired into and dealt with as if committed within the area of the authority.

(4) In subsection (1) of the said section 231 (which specifies the matters which may be regulated by byelaws under that section about public bathing), after paragraph (a) there shall be inserted the following paragraph—

(aa) prohibit or restrict public bathing at times when and places as respects which warning is given, by the display of flags or by other means specified in the byelaws, that bathing is dangerous.

(5) Subsection (3) of the said section 76 (which among other things provides that byelaws about pleasure boats may be made by an authority so as to have effect outside the area of the authority but within 1,000 yards of low water mark of ordinary spring tides) shall cease to have effect; but any byelaws which are in force by virtue of that subsection immediately before it ceases to have effect shall continue in force and may be revoked or varied by byelaws made in pursuance of that section.

18 Licensing of pleasure boats and boatmen

(1) In subsection (1) of section 94 of the [1907 c. 53.] Public Health Acts Amendment Act 1907 (which among other things relates to the licensing of boatmen and persons assisting in the charge or navigation of pleasure boats) for the words " boatmen or persons assisting in the charge or navigation of " there shall be substituted the words " persons in charge of or navigating ".

(2) In subsection (3) of the said section 94 (which among other things prohibits the carrying of passengers for hire in a boat or vessel for which no licence is in operation) for the words from " for hire in " onwards there shall be substituted the words " for hire in any pleasure boat or vessel unless—

(a) the boat or vessel is so licensed and the licence is not suspended; and

(b) the person in charge of the boat or vessel and any other person navigating it is so licensed and his licence is not suspended and the conditions of his licence are complied with ".

(3) At the end of subsection (4) of the said section 94 (which provides that a licence under that section is not required for a boat or vessel licensed by or under regulations of the Secretary of State) there shall be inserted the words " or for a person in charge of or navigating such a boat or vessel ".

(4) At the end of subsection (6) of the said section 94 (which penalises contraventions of that section) there shall be inserted the words " ; but a person shall not be guilty of an offence under this subsection by reason of a failure to comply with such conditions as are mentioned in subsection (3)(b) of this section if it is shown that there is a reasonable excuse for the failure ".

Places of entertainment

19 Recreational facilities

(1) A local authority may provide, inside or outside its area, such recreational facilities as it thinks fit and, without prejudice to the generality of the powers conferred by the preceding provisions of this subsection, those powers include in particular powers to provide—

(a) indoor facilities consisting of sports centres, swimming pools, skating rinks, tennis, squash and badminton courts, bowling centres, dance studios and riding schools;

(b) outdoor facilities consisting of pitches for team games, athletics grounds, swimming pools, tennis courts, cycle tracks, golf courses, bowling greens, riding schools, camp sites and facilities for gliding ;

(c) facilities for boating and water ski-ing on inland and coastal waters and for fishing in such waters;

(d) premises for the use of clubs or societies having athletic, social or recreational objects ;

(e) staff, including instructors, in connection with any such facilities or premises as are mentioned in the preceding paragraphs and in connection with any other recreational facilities provided by the authority ;

(f) such facilities in connection with any other recreational facilities as the authority considers it appropriate to provide including, without prejudice to the generality of the preceding provisions of this paragraph, facilities by way of parking spaces and places at which food, drink and tobacco may be bought from the authority or another person;

and it is hereby declared that the powers conferred by this subsection to provide facilities include powers to provide buildings, equipment, supplies and assistance of any kind.

(2) A local authority may make any facilities provided by it in pursuance of the preceding subsection available for use by such persons as the authority thinks fit either without charge or on payment of such charges as the authority thinks fit.

(3) A local authority may contribute—

(a) by way of grant or loan towards the expenses incurred or to be incurred by any voluntary organisation in providing any recreational facilities which the authority has power to provide by virtue of subsection (1) of this section; and

(b) by way of grant towards the expenses incurred or to be incurred by any other local authority in providing such facilities;

and in this subsection " voluntary organisation" means any person carrying on or proposing to carry on an undertaking other wise than for profit.

(4) The Inner London Education Authority may provide swimming pools inside or outside the Inner London Education Area; and sections 120 and 121 of the [1972 c. 70.] Local Government Act 1972 (under which local authorities may acquire land by agreement or compulsorily for the purposes of their statutory functions) shall have effect for the purpose of enabling the said Authority to acquire land for the purposes of its functions under this subsection as if the Authority were a principal council within the meaning of that Act.

(5) Any property which, immediately before the date when this subsection comes into force, is held by a local authority or the Inner London Education Authority for the purposes of section 221(b) of the [1936 c. 49.] Public Health Act 1936 or by a local authority for the purposes of section 4 of the [1937 c. 46.] Physical Training and Recreation Act 1937 or, in pursuance of section 144(1)(b) of the Local Government Act 1972, for the purposes of recreation shall on and after that date be held by the local authority for the purposes of this section or, as the case may be, by the said Authority for the purposes of the preceding subsection.

(6) In section 222(1) of the Public Health Act 1936 (which relates to charges in respect of any baths, wash-house, swimming bath or bathing place under the management of a local authority) for the words " washhouse, swimming bath or bathing place " there shall be substituted the words " or washhouse ".

20 Provision of sanitary appliances at places of entertainment

(1) A local authority (other than a county council and the Greater London Council) may, by a notice served on an owner or occupier of a relevant place in the area of the authority, require him—

(a) to provide, before the expiration of a period specified in the notice and in such positions at the place as are so specified, sanitary appliances of such kinds and numbers as are so specified ;

(b) to maintain and keep clean the appliances to the reasonable satisfaction of the authority ;

(c) to provide and maintain a proper supply of such things for use in connection with the appliances as are so specified (which may be or include cold water or hot water or both); and

(d) to make the appliances and things available for use by members of the public resorting to the place and, if the notice so requires, to make them so available free of charge.

(2) A notice in pursuance of this section may require the provision of sanitary appliances on such occasions as are specified in the notice but if it does so it shall not also require the provision of sanitary appliances as respects which occasions are not so specified.

(3) A notice in pursuance of this section—

(a) shall not require the provision, in connection with any building for which fixed sanitary appliances could be required by virtue of building regulations in force when the notice is served if the building were to be newly constructed then, of fixed sanitary appliances which are of a different kind from, or which as respects a particular kind are more numerous than, those which could be required as aforesaid;

(b) shall not require the provision of movable sanitary appliances at a betting office ;

(c) shall, unless it is an occasional notice, specify as the period before the expiration of which sanitary appliances are to be provided in pursuance of the notice a period equal to or longer than that during which the recipient of the notice may appeal against it in pursuance of the following section.

(4) It is hereby declared that a notice in pursuance of this section in respect of a relevant place may—

(a) be served on an owner or occupier of the place notwithstanding that he is for the time being required to comply with a previous notice served on him in pursuance of this section in respect of the place;

(b) require the provision at the place of appliances already provided there.

(5) A person authorised in writing in that behalf by a local authority (other than a county council and the Greater London Council) may at any reasonable time, upon producing if so required evidence that he is so authorised, enter any relevant place for the purpose of determining whether the authority should serve a notice in pursuance of this section in respect of the place or of ascertaining whether the requirements of such a notice served on a person who is an owner or occupier of the place are being complied with; and a person who wilfully obstructs another person acting in the exercise of powers conferred on the other person by this subsection shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £100.

(6) Subject to subsections (7) and (8) of this section, a person who without reasonable excuse fails to comply with a notice in respect of a relevant place which was served on him in pursuance of this section when he was an owner or occupier of the place shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £400 or, on conviction on indictment, to a fine; and if after the conviction of a person of such an offence the failure in question continues he shall, as respects each day on which it continues, be guilty of a further offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £50 or, on conviction on indictment, to a fine.

(7) In proceedings for an offence under the preceding subsection of failing to comply with a notice it shall be a defence to prove that at the time of the failure the person on whom the notice was served was neither an owner nor an occupier of the relevant place in question and that he did not cease to be an owner or occupier of it by reason of anything done or omitted by him or any other person with a view to avoiding compliance with the notice.

(8) In proceedings for an offence under subsection (6) of this section which is alleged to have been committed on a particular day it shall be a defence to prove that on that day the relevant place in question was closed to members of the public or was used neither as a betting office nor for any of the purposes mentioned in paragraph (a) of the definition of relevant place in the following subsection; and in proceedings for an offence under subsection (6) of this section of failing to comply with an occasional notice it shall be a defence to prove—

(a) that the alleged offence is in respect of a requirement of the notice which is unreasonable; or

(b) that it would have been fairer to serve the notice on a person, other than the defendant,—

(i) who was an owner or occupier of the relevant place in question when the notice was served on the defendant, and

(ii) whose name and address were furnished by the defendant, to the local authority which served the notice, before the expiration of the period specified in the notice in pursuance of subsection (1)(a) of this section.

(9) In this section and the following section—

• " betting office " means a place for which a betting office licence within the meaning of the [1963 c. 2.] Betting, Gaming and Lotteries Act 1963 is in force ;

• " occasional notice " means a notice in pursuance of this section requiring the provision of sanitary appliances on occasions specified in the notice ;

• " sanitary appliances " means water closets, other closets, urinals and wash basins ;

• " relevant place " means any of the following places—

  (a)

  a place which is normally used or is proposed to be normally used for any of the following purposes, namely—

  (i)

  the holding of any entertainment, exhibition or sporting event to which members of the public are admitted either as spectators or otherwise,

  (ii)

  the sale of food or drink to members of the public for consumption at the place;

  (b)

  a place which is used on some occasion or occasions or is proposed to be used on some occasion or occasions for any of the purposes aforesaid ; and

  (c)

  a betting office.

(10) Without prejudice to the operation of section 38(1) of the [1889 c. 63.] Interpretation Act 1889, in section 6(1) of the [1970 c. 44.] Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970 (which provides that a person required to provide sanitary conveniences by a notice under section 89 of the Public Health Act 1936 shall in complying with the notice have regard to the needs of disabled persons) for the words " section 89 of the Public Health Act 1936 " there shall be substituted the words " section 20 of the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976 ".

21 Appeal to county court against certain notices under s. 20

(1) A person on whom a notice other than an occasional notice is served in pursuance of the preceding section may, within six weeks beginning with the date of service of the notice, appeal to the county court against the notice on one or both of the following grounds, namely—

(a) that a requirement of the notice is unreasonable; and

(b) that it would have been fairer to serve the notice on another person who is an owner or occupier of the relevant place in question.

(2) Where a ground of an appeal in pursuance of the preceding subsection is the ground mentioned in paragraph (b) of that subsection the other person in question shall be made a respondent to the appeal in accordance with rules of court except in a case where the rules provide that he shall not be made a respondent to the appeal.

(3) On an appeal in pursuance of subsection (1) of this section the court shall either—

(a) quash the notice to which the appeal relates; or

(b) modify the notice so that, instead of imposing its requirements on the appellant, it imposes them upon another person who is an owner or occupier of the relevant place in question ; or

(c) order that the appellant be entitled to recover from such a person a specified part of the expenses incurred by the appellant in complying with the notice; or

(d) dismiss the appeal;

but the court shall not be entitled to exercise its powers under paragraph (b) or (c) of this subsection unless a ground of the appeal is that mentioned in paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of this section.

(4) Where the court modifies a notice in pursuance of paragraph (b) of the preceding subsection the notice shall be deemed to be served in pursuance of the preceding section on the other person in question on the date on which the modification is made; but that person shall not be entitled to appeal against the notice in pursuance of this section.

(5) It shall be the duty of the court, in determining whether to order that the appellant be entitled to recover from another person a part of the cost of complying with a notice, to have regard to the terms of any agreement relating to the relevant place in question to which either person is a party.

(6) Where a person appeals in pursuance of this section against a notice, the notice shall be of no effect pending the determination of the appeal; and where the court determines the appeal otherwise than by quashing the notice it may extend the period specified in the notice in pursuance of subsection (1)(a) of the preceding section.

22 Byelaws about fairs etc.

(1) In subsection (1) of section 75 of the [1961 c. 64.] Public Health Act 1961, after paragraph (c) (by virtue of which certain authorities may make byelaws for, among other things, the preservation of cleanliness, order and public safety at any pleasure fair within the meaning of that section) there shall be inserted the following paragraph—

(d) without prejudice to the generality of the preceding paragraph, for preventing outbreaks of fire which might endanger—

(i) stands, stalls or other structures used or intended for use in connection with any pleasure fair, or

(ii) caravans used or intended for use as sleeping accommodation in connection with any pleasure fair,

and for reducing the risk of, and the spread of fire from, such outbreaks.

(2) Subsection (4) of the said section 75 (which provides that nothing in that section or any byelaws under it applies to certain fairs or to places controlled by authorities having powers to make byelaws for those places) shall cease to have effect; but the repeal of that subsection shall not have the effect of applying byelaws made before the repeal comes into force to a fair or place specified in that subsection.

(3) At the end of subsection (8) of the said section 75 (which among other things requires the Secretary of State to be satisfied, before he confirms a byelaw under that section, that bodies representing the interests of persons carrying on the entertainments to which that section applies have been consulted about the byelaw) there shall be inserted the words " and, in the case of a byelaw made in pursuance of subsection (1)(d) of this section, that the fire authority within the meaning of the Fire Services Act 1947 for the area to which the byelaw applies have been so consulted ".

Dangerous trees and excavations

23 Power of local authorities to deal with dangerous trees

(1) Where a district council, a London borough council or the Common Council—

(a) receives from a person appearing to the council to be an owner or occupier of any land in the area of the council on which a tree is situated a notice requesting the council to make the tree safe; and

(b) considers that the tree is in such a condition that there is imminent danger of its causing damage to persons or property,

the council may take such steps on the land, whether by felling the tree or otherwise, as it thinks are appropriate for the purpose of making the tree safe and may recover the expenses reasonably incurred in doing so from the person who gave the notice.

(2) Where such a council—

(a) receives from a person appearing to the council to be an owner or occupier of land a notice requesting the council to make safe a tree on other land which is in its area and which appears to the council not to be owned or occupied by that person ; and

(b) considers that the tree is in such a condition that it is likely to cause damage to persons or property on the first-mentioned land; and

(c) knows the name and address of no person appearing to the council to be an owner or occupier of the other land and either—

(i) has made reasonable but unsuccessful enquiries for the purpose of ascertaining the name and address of such a person, or

(ii) considers that in view of the imminence of the danger of such damage from the tree the delay involved in making enquiries or further enquiries about the name and address of such a person is unwarranted,

the council may take such steps on the other land as are mentioned in the preceding subsection and may recover the expenses reasonably incurred in doing so from any person who was an owner or occupier of the other land when the council took those steps.

(3) Where such a council—

(a) receives from a person appearing to the council to be an owner or occupier of land a notice requesting the council to make safe a tree on other land which is in its area and which appears to the council not to be owned or occupied by that person ; and

(b) considers that the tree is in such condition that it is likely to cause damage to persons or property on the first-mentioned land; and

(c) knows the name and address of a person appearing to the council to be an owner or occupier of the other land,

the council may serve on such a person as is mentioned in paragraph (c) of this subsection a notice requiring him to take on the other land, within a reasonable period specified in the notice (which must not expire before the expiration of 21 days beginning with the date of service of the notice), such steps for making the tree safe as are so specified.

(4) Where it appears to such a council that a tree on land in the area of the council which is not owned or occupied by the council is in such a condition that it is likely to cause damage to persons or property on other land in that area which is owned or occupied by the council, subsection (2) (except paragraph (b)) of this section, or as the case may require subsection (3) (except paragraph (b)) of this section, shall apply as if the other land were occupied by another person and he had duly given notice to the council in pursuance of that subsection in respect of the tree.

(5) A person on whom a notice is served by a council in pursuance of subsection (3) of this section may, within 21 days beginning with the date of service of the notice, appeal to the county court against the notice on one or more of the following grounds, namely—

(a) that he is neither an owner nor an occupier of the land on which the tree is situated;

(b) that the tree is not in such condition as is mentioned in paragraph (b) of that subsection;

(c) that less expensive steps than those specified in the notice would suffice for the purpose of making the tree safe;

(d) that it would have been fairer to serve the notice on another person who is an owner or occupier of the land aforesaid;

and any other person who is an owner or occupier of the land to which the notice relates may within the period aforesaid appeal to the county court against the notice on one or both of the grounds mentioned in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this subsection.

(6) Subsections (2) to (6) of section 21 of this Act shall apply to an appeal in pursuance of the preceding subsection as they apply to an appeal in pursuance of subsection (1) of that section as if for the references in subsections (2) and (3) of that section to paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of that section there were substituted references to paragraph (d) of the preceding subsection, for the references in subsections (3) and (5) of that section to the relevant place there were substituted references to the land on which the tree is situated and for the reference in subsection (4) of that section to section 20 of this Act and the reference in subsection (6) of that section to section 20(1)(a) of this Act there were substituted a reference to subsection (3) of this section.

(7) If a person on whom a notice is served by a council in pursuance of subsection (3) of this section fails to comply with the notice, the council may take the steps specified in the notice and recover from that person the expenses reasonably incurred in doing so.

24 Provisions supplementary to s. 23

(1) A person authorised in writing in that behalf by such a council as is mentioned in subsection (1) of the preceding section may enter on any land for the purpose of—

(a) determining whether the council should take steps in pursuance of subsection (2) or (7) or serve a notice in pursuance of subsection (3) of that section in respect of a tree on the land ; or

(b) exercising on behalf of the council a power conferred on the council by subsection (2) or (7) of that section in respect of a tree on the land.

(2) A person authorised to enter on any land in pursuance of the preceding subsection—

(a) shall, if so required before or after entering on the land, roduce evidence of his authority to enter;

(b) may take with him on to the land such other persons and such equipment as are necessary for achieving the purpose for which he was authorised to enter on the land;

(c) shall, if the land is unoccupied when he enters or the occupier is then temporarily absent, leave the land as effectually secured against trespassers as he found it.

(3) If a person—

(a) wilfully obstructs another person in the exercise of a power conferred on the other person by subsection (1) or (2)(b) of this section ; or

(b) while another person is on land in pursuance of the said subsection (1) or (2)(b), wilfully obstructs the other person in doing things connected with the purpose for which the other person is authorised to be on the land,

he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £100.

(4) If a person interested in any land suffers damage by reason of—

(a) the exercise of the power to enter on the land which is conferred by virtue of subsection (1)(a) of this section; or

(b) the exercise on the land, in connection with the exercise of the power mentioned in the preceding paragraph, of the power conferred by subsection (2)(b) of this section ; or

(c) a failure to perform the duty imposed by subsection (2)(c) of this section in respect of the land,

he shall be entitled to recover compensation for the damage from the local authority which authorised the entry in question.

(5) Any dispute as to a person's entitlement to compensation in pursuance of the preceding subsection or as to the amount of the compensation shall be determined by the Lands Tribunal, and sections 2(2) to (5) and 4 of the [1961 c. 33.] Land Compensation Act 1961 (which relate to the conduct of certain proceedings before the Tribunal and costs) shall with the necessary modifications apply in relation to the determination by the Tribunal of such a dispute.

(6) Where a council is entitled by virtue of the preceding section to recover any expenses from a person, the council shall also be entitled to recover from him interest on the amount of the expenses or on such portion of it as is for the time being unpaid, at the rate fixed by section 171(2) of the [1972 c. 70.] Local Government Act 1972, from the date on which the council served notice on him demanding payment of the expenses.

25 Power of certain councils with respect to dangerous excavations

(1) Where a district council, a London borough council or the Common Council—

(a) considers that an excavation made at any time by some person on land in the area of the council is accessible to the public from a highway or a place of public resort and, by reason of its being unenclosed or inadequately enclosed, is a danger to the public; and

(b) knows the name and address of no person appearing to the council to be an owner or occupier of the land on which it appears to the council that works to remove the danger should be carried out and either—

(i) has made reasonable but unsuccessful enquiries for the purpose of ascertaining the name and address of such a person, or

(ii) considers that in view of the imminence of the danger the delay involved in making enquiries or further enquiries about the name and address of such a person is unwarranted,

the council may carry out on the land mentioned in paragraph (b) of this subsection such works as appear to the council to be necessary for the purpose of removing the danger.

(2) Where such a council—

(a) considers that an excavation made at any time by some person on land in the area of the council is as mentioned in paragraph (a) of the preceding subsection; and

(b) knows the name and address of a person appearing to the council to be an owner or occupier of the land on which it appears to the council that works to remove the danger in question should be carried out,

the council may serve on an owner or occupier of the land a notice specifying the excavation and stating that the council proposes to carry out, for the purpose of removing the danger in question, such works as are specified in the notice at such places on the land as are so specified.

(3) If any person having an interest in or a right over land in respect of which a notice is served in pursuance of the preceding subsection objects to the notice on one or more of the following grounds, namely—

(a) that the excavation is not a danger to the public ; or

(b) that works other than some or all of those specified in the notice are appropriate for the purpose of removing the danger; or

(c) that places other than some or all of those so specified are appropriate as the site of works for removing the danger,

he may, during the period of 21 days beginning with the date on which the notice was served, appeal to the county court against the notice.

(4) On such an appeal the court shall either quash the notice or dismiss the appeal or, where a ground of the appeal is the ground specified in paragraph (b) or (c) of the preceding subsection, modify the notice so that it refers only to works or, as the case may be, places which the appellant agrees or the appellants agree are appropriate for the purpose of removing the danger ; but the notice shall not be modified by the court so as to refer to a place on land of which no appellant is an owner or occupier.

(5) If no appeal in pursuance of subsection (3) of this section is made against a notice within the period mentioned in that subsection or if on such an appeal the appeal is dismissed or the notice is modified as mentioned in the preceding subsection, the council which served the notice may, at any time after the expiration of that period or, as the case may be, after the appeal is dismissed or the notice is modified, carry out the works specified in the notice at the places so specified.

(6) It shall be the duty of a council by which works have been carried out in pursuance of this section to maintain and repair the works except—

(a) so far as they consist of the filling in of the excavation in question;

(b) after the works have been removed in pursuance of the following subsection;

(c) in a case where the council has agreed with a person who is for the time being an owner or occupier of the land on which the works are situated that he shall maintain and repair the works and he has performed his obligations under the agreement.

(7) Where it appears to a council by which works have been carried out in pursuance of this section that if the works were removed the excavation in question would not be a danger to the public, then—

(a) the council may remove the works ; and

(b) it shall be the duty of the council to remove the works, except so far as they consist of the filling in of the excavation in question, if it is requested to do so by a person having an interest in or a right over the land on which the works are situated.

(8) Without prejudice to the powers conferred by section 137 of the [1972 c. 70.] Local Government Act 1972 (which authorises a local authority to incur expenditure which it considers is in the interests of its area or inhabitants of its area), a district council, a London borough council or the Common Council may pay to any person the whole or part of the expenses incurred by him in carrying out works for preventing or removing danger to the public from an excavation made at any time by some person on land in the area of the authority, whether or not the person who incurred the expenses had a duty to carry out any such works.

26 Provisions supplementary to s. 25

(1) A person authorised in writing in that behalf by such a council as is mentioned in subsection (1) of the preceding section may enter on any land in the area of the council for the purpose of—

(a) ascertaining whether the land is suitable as the site of works which the council may carry out or for which the council may serve a notice in pursuance of that section; or

(b) carrying out, maintaining, repairing or removing in pursuance of that section any works on behalf of the council; or

(c) ascertaining whether any works carried out by the council in pursuance of that section should be or have been maintained, repaired or removed.

(2) A person authorised by a council to enter on land in pursuance of the preceding subsection—

(a) shall, if so required before or after entering on the land, produce evidence of his authority to enter;

(b) may take with him on to the land such other persons and such equipment as are necessary for achieving the purpose for which he was authorised to enter on the land;

(c) shall, if the land is unoccupied when he enters or the occupier is then temporarily absent, leave the land as effectually secured against trespassers as he found it.

(3) If a person having an interest in or a right over any land suffers damage in consequence of the carrying out, maintaining, repairing or removing of works by a council in pursuance of the preceding section or the exercise by a person authorised by a council of a power conferred by subsection (1) or (2)(b) of this section or a failure of such a person to perform the duty imposed by subsection (2)(c) of this section, the person who suffers the damage shall, subject to the following subsection, be entitled to recover compensation for the damage from the council ; and subsection (5) of section 24 of this Act shall have effect for the purposes of this subsection as if for the reference to subsection (4) of that section there were substituted a reference to this subsection.

(4) No compensation shall be payable by virtue of the preceding subsection, to any person having an interest in the site of the excavation in question, in respect of damage attributable to the presence of permanent works on any land other than damage attributable to interference with an easement or profit.

(5) If a person—

(a) wilfully obstructs another person in the exercise of a power conferred on the other person by subsection (1) or (2)(b) of this section ; or

(b) while another person is on land in pursuance of the said subsection (2)(b) wilfully obstructs him in doing things connected with the works in question; or

(c) without the agreement of the council by which works have been carried out in pursuance of the preceding section, removes or otherwise interferes with the works,

he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £100.

(6) Nothing in the preceding section or the preceding provisions of this section applies to an excavation—

(a) on operational land of statutory undertakers; or

(b) on land of the National Coal Board of such a description as the Secretary of State may specify by regulations made by statutory instrument;

and the definition of " operational land " in section 222 of the [1971 c. 78.] Town and Country Planning Act 1971 shall apply for the purposes of paragraph (a) of this subsection as if in that section " statutory undertakers" had the same meaning as in that paragraph and " undertaking " had a corresponding meaning.

Alterations of supplemental provisions of Public Health Acts

27 Alterations of supplemental provisions of Public Health Acts

(1) The following provisions of the [1875 c. 55.] Public Health Act 1875 shall cease to have effect, namely—

• section 253 (which restricts proceedings for the recovery of penalties under that Act);

• section 262 (which provides that things done under that Act are not to be set aside for want of form);

• sections 293 and 294 (which relate to inquiries and the costs of certain proceedings under that Act);

• sections 299 to 302 (which relate to defaulting authorities);

• section 304 (which relates to the settlement of differences arising from that Act);

• section 309 (which relates to the compensation of officers who lost office or emoluments in consequence of that Act).

(2) In section 265 of the said Act of 1875 (which relates to the protection from personal liability of members and officers of certain authorities but provides that the section does not exempt such a member from liability to be surcharged with an amount disallowed by the auditor) for the words from " be surcharged " onwards there shall be substituted the words " make any payment in pursuance of section 161 of the Local Government Act 1972 ".

(3) The following provisions of the [1936 c. 49.] Public Health Act 1936 shall cease to have effect, namely—

• section 271 (which relates to the interpretation of the word " provide ");

• in section 293 (which among other things relates to the summary recovery of sums) the words " either summarily as a civil debt, or " and subsection (2);

• section 295 (which relates to charging orders);

• section 312 (which relates to the confirmation of byelaws);

• section 313 (which relates to the adaptation of local Acts);

• section 314 (which enables provisions of that Act to be applied to certain authorities in the place of corresponding provisions repealed by that Act);

• in section 322 (which relates to councils in default), subsection (1) and, in subsection (3), paragraph (i) and the words " (ii) in any other case ";

• section 323 (which relates to provisions of section 322 repealed by this Act).

(4) For the purposes of the provisions of the Public Health Act 1936 relating to joint boards within the meaning of that Act and port health authorities, sections 16, 32 and 41 of this Act (which correspond respectively to sections 277, 274 and 286 of that Act) shall be treated as provisions of that Act and may accordingly be applied to those bodies by orders under those provisions.

(5) In section 322 of the Public Health Act 1936 (which relates to councils in default), for the words in subsection (2) from the beginning to " question " there shall be substituted the words " If the Minister is satisfied that any council, port health authority or joint board have failed to discharge their functions under this Act in any case where they ought to have done so ", and for the words " so specified " in subsection (3) there shall be substituted the words " specified in his order ".

(6) The repeal by this Act of sections 295, 313 and 314 of the Public Health Act 1936 shall not affect any order in force by virtue of the section in question immediately before the repeal takes effect.

(7) It is hereby declared that references in the preceding provisions of this section to any enactment do not include references to it as incorporated in or applied by or under any other enactment.

Financial provisions

28 Funds of local authorities etc.

(1) In Schedule 13 to the [1972 c. 70.] Local Government Act 1972 (which among other things relates to funds of local authorities and certain other authorities), for paragraphs 16 to 18 (which relate to capital funds, Housing Revenue Accounts and repairs and renewals funds) there shall be substituted the following paragraphs—

“16 (1) A local authority may—

(a) establish such funds as the authority consider appropriate for the purpose of meeting any expenditure of the authority in connection with their functions ; and

(b) make into a fund established under this paragraph such payments as the authority think fit;

but the powers conferred on an authority by paragraph (a) of this sub-paragraph do not authorise the authority to establish either such a loans fund as is mentioned in paragraph 15 of this Schedule or a superannuation fund or a fund for purposes for which the authority are required to maintain a fund by virtue of any enactment.

(2) The money in a fund established under this paragraph shall, until it is applied for the purposes of the fund or in a manner authorised by or under any enactment, be invested in securities in which superannuation funds may for the time being be invested.

(3) Any fund maintained by a local authority for the purposes for which the authority have power by virtue of this paragraph to establish a fund shall be deemed to be established by the authority under this paragraph and may be dealt with accordingly; and it is hereby declared that references in any enactment to a fund established under this paragraph or to an authority by whom a fund is so established include references to a fund which is deemed to be so established or, as the case may be, to the authority who are deemed to have established it.

17 (1) A fund established by a local authority under paragraph 16 of this Schedule for purposes other than those of an undertaking mentioned below shall not be used to meet, directly or indirectly, any expenditure incurred by the authority for the purposes of an undertaking of the authority which is a transport, airport, district heating, harbour, dock, pier or ferry undertaking or is a market or a civic restaurant, except that such a fund may be used—

(a) if it is such a fund as is mentioned in sub-paragraph (2) of this paragraph, by the authority for any purpose which is mentioned in that sub-paragraph and is connected with such an undertaking; and

(b) if it is not such a fund as is mentioned in that sub-paragraph and the authority is the Greater London Council, by the Council to meet any expenditure incurred by them for the purposes of a civic restaurant.

(2) A fund established by a local authority under paragraph 16 of this Schedule for the purpose only of providing money to make good loss or damage suffered by the authority as a result of an occurrence against the risk of which the authority can insure shall not be used for any further purpose except that of paying premiums on a policy of insurance against the risk; and while a local authority maintain such a fund in respect of a risk any obligation imposed on the authority by statute or otherwise to insure against the risk shall be deemed to be satisfied unless the statute or a relevant agreement provides otherwise.

(3) A fund established by a county council under paragraph 16 of this Schedule for the purpose of defraying expenditure to be incurred from time to time in repairing, maintaining, replacing and renewing any buildings, works, plant, equipment or articles belonging to the council may also be used for defraying such expenditure in respect of buildings, works, plant, equipment or articles belonging to a police authority which is a committee of the council.

18 Money received from the disposal of any property the income from which or the expenditure on which is included in a local authority's Housing Revenue Account shall not without the consent of the Secretary of State be paid into a fund established by the authority under paragraph 16 of this Schedule.”

(2) In paragraph 19 of the said Schedule 13 (which regulates the use by an authority, for any purpose for which the authority has a statutory power to borrow, of money which forms part of a fund to which that paragraph applies and which is not for the time being required for the purposes of the fund), for sub-paragraph (5) (which specifies the funds to which that paragraph applies) there shall be substituted the following sub-paragraph—

“(5) This paragraph applies to any fund established for the repayment or redemption of debt, any superannuation fund and any fund established under paragraph 16 of this Schedule.”

(3) Any power to make a rate or issue a precept which is exercisable by an authority which has established a fund under the paragraph 16 included in the said Schedule 13 by virtue of subsection (1) of this section shall include power to make or issue it for the purpose of making payments into that fund.

29 Repayment of unclaimed compensation etc paid into court

(1) Where—

(a) a local authority has paid money into court in pursuance of section 76 or 85 of the [1845 c. 18.] Lands Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 or section 9 of or Schedule 2 or 3 to the [1965 c. 56.] Compulsory Purchase Act 1965 ; and

(b) after the expiration of the period of twelve years beginning with the date when the money was paid into court any of the money, or any assets attributable to the money by way of interest, securities, accumulations from securities, proceeds of sale of securities or otherwise, has not or have not been ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction to be paid or transferred to or applied for the benefit of the authority or another person,

the High Court may, on the application of the authority, order that the money or assets shall be paid or transferred to the authority.

(2) Where at any time after money has been paid or assets have been transferred to a local authority in pursuance of the preceding subsection it appears to the High Court, on the application of another person, that the Court would have ordered the whole or part of the money or assets to be paid or transferred to the applicant if the money or assets had not been paid or transferred to the authority as aforesaid, the Court may order the authority to pay to the applicant such a sum as the Court considers just.

(3) If a former authority paid money into court as mentioned in subsection (1)(a) of this section in respect of land or an interest in land which—

(a) is held by a local authority; and

(b) has not since its acquisition by the former authority been transferred otherwise than by an Act or an order made under an Act,

subsection (1) of this section shall have effect in relation to the payment as if it had been made by the local authority on the date on which it was actually made; and in this subsection " former authority" means an authority which has ceased to exist and which, when it existed, was constituted in pursuance of the enactments relating to local government which were then in force.

(4) For the purposes of the preceding subsection any land held by a parish or community council shall be treated as held by the district council whose area includes the area of the parish or community council.

30 Power to forgo repayment of advances of remuneration paid to deceased employees

(1) If a person in the employment of a local authority—

(a) receives from the authority remuneration in respect of a future period on the assumption that he will be employed in that employment throughout that period; and

(b) dies before the expiration of that period,

the authority may, subject to the following subsection, forgo the repayment of so much of the remuneration as relates to the period after his death.

(2) An authority shall not be entitled to forgo such a repayment in respect of a period after the relevant death if—

(a) a pension is payable for that period in respect of the deceased out of money provided by Parliament or out of a fund which is maintained by the authority or into which contributions have been paid by the authority in respect of service of the deceased ; and

(b) the rate of the pension is not less than the rate of relevant remuneration which was received by the deceased for his last year of service in the employment in question or, if relevant remuneration at different rates was received by him for that year, is not less than the highest of those rates;

and in paragraph (b) of this subsection " relevant remuneration ", in relation to a deceased person and a year, means remuneration which would have fallen to be taken into account in respect of that year in calculating a retirement pension payable to him in respect of the employment in question on his attaining pensionable age and being granted such a retirement pension.

(3) References to a local authority in the preceding provisions of this section include a body which is a police authority by virtue of the [1964 c. 48.] Police Act 1964 other than the Secretary of State; and for the purposes of those provisions a member of a police force maintained by such a body shall be treated as employed by the body and references to employment in those provisions shall be construed accordingly.

31 Indemnities for officers of local authorities appointed receivers or administrators

If an officer of a local authority is appointed as a receiver for a patient in pursuance of section 105 of the [1959 c. 72.] Mental Health Act 1959 or, on the nomination of the authority, as the administrator of the estate of a deceased person, the authority may pay to the officer any sum which he becomes liable to pay in consequence of the appointment and may pay the premiums in respect of any policy of insurance for indemnifying the officer from the consequences of any act or omission connected with the appointment which occurs while he holds the appointment.

Miscellaneous

32 Power of local authorities to execute works outside their areas

Any power to execute works which is conferred on a local authority by any enactment may, unless the contrary intention appears in that or any other enactment, be exercised outside as well as inside the area of the authority.

33 Restoration or continuation of supply of water, gas or electricity

(1) If any premises in the area of a district council, a London borough council or the Common Council are occupied as a dwelling and the supply of water, gas or electricity to the premises—

(a) is cut off in consequence of the failure of the owner or former owner of the premises to pay a sum payable by him in connection with the supply; or

(b) is in the opinion of the council likely to be cut off in consequence of such a failure,

the council may, at the request in writing of the occupier of the premises, make such arrangements as it thinks fit with the undertakers who provided the supply for it to be restored to the premises or, as the case may be, for it to be continued to the premises.

(2) Where under arrangements made in pursuance of the preceding subsection in respect of any premises a council makes a payment in respect of a sum which, at the time when the relevant supply to the premises was or became likely to be cut off as mentioned in that subsection, a person was liable to pay in connection with the supply to the undertakers who provided it, the council shall be entitled to demand and recover from that person a sum equal to the payment; and where under such arrangements a council makes a payment in respect of the restoration of a supply to any premises or a payment for a supply to any premises, the council shall be entitled to demand and recover from the owner of the premises a sum equal to the payment reduced by any amount received by the council in pursuance of subsection (4) of this section in respect of the payment.

(3) A council by which a sum is recoverable from a person in pursuance of the preceding subsection shall also be entitled to recover from him interest on the sum, from the date of service of the demand for the sum, at the rate fixed by section 171(2) of the [1972 c. 70.] Local Government Act 1972; and such a demand must—

(a) be served on the recipient in writing ; and

(b) give particulars of the payment to which the sum demanded relates; and

(c) in the case of a demand for a sum on which interest is payable by virtue of this subsection, state the rate of the interest and that interest is payable from the date aforesaid.

(4) Where by virtue Of the preceding provisions of this section a council is entitled to recover from the owner of any premises a sum on account of a payment in respect of the restoration or continuation of a supply to the premises or a payment for a supply to the premises or interest on such a sum and—

(a) the owner of the premises is, under the terms on which a person occupies the premises, required to pay for a supply of the kind to which that sum relates; and

(b) the council has served a notice on that person requiring him to pay to the council, instead of to the owner of the premises, the rent for the premises which apart from this subsection is or becomes payable by him to the owner of the premises,

it shall be the duty of that person to comply with the notice except so far as the council directs otherwise and the council may accordingly recover from him from time to time sums equal to the rent in question.

(5) In this section " the owner ", in relation to any premises, means a person who apart from the preceding subsection is entitled on his own behalf or as a trustee or agent for another person to rent for the premises from the occupier of the premises and "former owner", in relation to any premises, means a person who was so entitled to rent for the premises from the occupier or former occupier of the premises.

34 Access for removal, and storage before removal, of refuse etc from buildings

(1) In subsection (1) of section 55 of the [1936 c. 49.] Public Health Act 1936 (which among other things requires certain local authorities to reject plans for the erection or extension of a house which are deposited with them in accordance with building regulations unless it is shown that satisfactory means of access from the house to a street for the removal of refuse and faecal matter are to be provided), for the word " house " in both places there shall be substituted the word " building ", for the words " faecal matter" there shall be substituted the words " satisfactory means of storing refuse for removal " and after the words " any means of access " there shall be inserted the words " or of storing refuse ".

(2) In subsection (2) of the said section 55 (which among other things provides that a person who obstructs the means of access by which refuse is removed from a house shall be liable to a fine not exceeding £5 and a further fine not exceeding £2 for each day on which the obstruction continues), for the word " house " there shall be substituted the word " building " and for the words from " five pounds " onwards there shall be substituted the word " £200 ".

(3) For the purposes of subsection (5) of section 62 of the [1974 c. 37.] Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (which provides that building regulations may repeal or modify the enactments to which that subsection applies) the provisions of this section shall be included among those enactments.

35 Removal of obstructions from private sewers

(1) If a private sewer is obstructed at a point within the area of a local authority (other than a county council and the Greater London Council), the authority may serve on each of the persons who is an owner or occupier of premises served by the sewer, or on each of such of those persons as the authority thinks fit, a notice requiring the recipients of notices in pursuance of this subsection in respect of the obstruction to remove it before a time specified in the notice; and that time shall not be earlier than forty-eight hours after the service of the notice or, if different notices in respect of the same obstruction are served in pursuance of this subsection at different times, shall not be earlier than forty-eight hours after the latest of those times.

(2) If an obstruction in respect of which notices have been served by an authority in pursuance of the preceding subsection is not removed within the period specified in the notices, the authority may remove it.

(3) Where an authority has reasonably incurred expenses in removing an obstruction in pursuance of the preceding subsection, the authority may serve on each of the persons on whom it served notice in pursuance of subsection (1) of this section in respect of the obstruction a further notice—

(a) requiring him to pay to the authority a sum equal to so much of the expenses as is specified in the further notice; and

(b) specifying the other persons on whom notices in pursuance of this subsection have been or are to be served in respect of the expenses and the amount specified or to be specified in each of those notices ;

and it shall be the duty of the authority, in determining what amounts to specify in notices to be served by the authority in pursuance of this subsection in respect of any expenses, to have regard to any matters which appear to the authority to indicate the cause of the obstruction and, so far as the authority are aware of the obligations, to any obligations to remove the obstruction which arose under agreements between persons on whom the notices are to be served.

(4) A person on whom a notice is served in pursuance of the preceding subsection may, within the period of six weeks beginning with the date of service of the notice, appeal to the county court against the notice on the ground that it would be reasonable for the whole or part of the sum specified in the notice to be paid by some other person who is an owner or occupier of premises served by the sewer in question.

(5) On an appeal in pursuance of the preceding subsection against a notice the court shall either dismiss the appeal or order that the whole or part of the sum specified in the notice shall be paid to the authority which served the notice by—

(a) a person, other than the appellant, who is an owner or occupier of premises served by the sewer in question; or

(b) persons, other than the appellant, each of whom is such an owner or occupier, in such proportions as are specified in the order,

and that the sum specified in the notice shall be reduced accordingly ; but the court shall not order any payment by a person other than the appellant unless that person has, not later than the beginning of the period of eight days ending with that on which the hearing of the appeal is begun, been made a respondent to the appeal in accordance with rules of court.

(6) Where a local authority has served a notice on a person in pursuance of subsection (3) of this section, then—

(a) if the person has not appealed against the notice in pursuance of subsection (4) of this section within the period specified in that subsection, the authority shall be entitled after the expiration of that period to recover from him the sum specified in the notice; and

(b) if he has so appealed within that period and the court has not reduced to nil the sum specified in the notice, the authority shall be entitled after the determination of the appeal to recover from him the sum specified in the notice or, if the court has reduced that sum to a smaller sum, the smaller sum.

(7) Expressions used in this section and in Part II of the [1936 c. 49.] Public Health Act 1936 have the same meanings in this section as in that Part; and sections 287 and 288 of that Act (which confer power to enter premises and penalise obstruction) shall have effect as if references to that Act included references to this section.

36 Power of local authorities to appoint times and charges for markets

(1) Any provision of a local Act which confers power on a local authority to make byelaws appointing days on which or the hours during which markets or fairs are to be or may be held shall be construed as conferring on the authority a power to appoint such days or hours by resolution.

(2) A local authority which maintains a market in pursuance of a local Act may, notwithstanding anything in any enactment relating to the market, make in connection with the market such charges as the authority determines from time to time.

37 Control of parking on areas used for loading or unloading goods vehicles

(1) If it appears to a county council or the Greater London Council that any land in its area which is not part of a highway has been set apart by the occupier of the land for use as a place where vehicles may be driven and parked for the purpose of being loaded or unloaded in connection with a trade or business carried on on or in the vicinity of the land, the council may, by an order made with the consent of the owner and the occupier of the land—

(a) designate the land as an area to which the following provisions of this section apply (hereafter in this section referred to as a " loading area "); and

(b) specify the trade or business in question.

(2) A council which has made an order in pursuance of the preceding subsection—

(a) may vary the order by a subsequent order made with the consent of the owner and the occupier of the land to which the subsequent order relates ; and

(b) may revoke the order by a subsequent order made with the consent of the owner and the occupier of the loading area in question; and

(c) shall revoke the order by a subsequent order if requested in writing to do so by the owner and occupier of the loading area in question.

(3) An order in pursuance of subsection (1) or (2)(a) of this section may contain provisions prohibiting the parking in the loading area to which the order relates of vehicles of such kinds as are specified in the order, except authorised vehicles, at all times or at times so specified and may make different provision in pursuance of the preceding provisions of this subsection for different parts of the area; and in this subsection " authorised vehicle ", in relation to a loading area, means a goods vehicle as defined by section 196(1) of the [1972 c. 20.] Road Traffic Act 1972 which is in the area for the purpose of being loaded or unloaded in connection with the trade or business specified in the order designating the area.

(4) Section 84C(1) to (4) and (6) of the [1967 c. 76.] Road Traffic Regulation Act 1967 (which relate to the procedure for making orders under the provisions of that Act which are specified in subsection (1) of that section) shall have effect as if subsections (1) and (2) of this section were included among those provisions; and a person authorised in that behalf by a council by which an order has been made in pursuance of subsection (1) of this section may enter on the loading area to which the order relates for the purpose of placing any traffic signs which are required to be placed there by virtue of subsection (3)(e) of that section and for the purpose of maintaining or removing the signs.

(5) A person who, without reasonable excuse, causes a vehicle to be in any part of a loading area at a time when the parking of it there is prohibited by an order made in pursuance of subsection (1) of this section shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £50.

(6) Section 85(2) and (3) and section 90 of the said Act of 1967 (which provide for the giving of information to identify drivers of vehicles who are alleged to have committed offences to which the said section 85 applies and for the admission of certain written evidence in proceedings for such offences) shall have effect as if an offence under the preceding subsection were an offence to which the said section 85 applies and, in relation to an offence under the preceding subsection, as if in the said section 85(2) the words from " and in relation " onwards were omitted and for sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) of paragraph (a) there were substituted the words " by a notice in writing given to him by a local authority (as defined by section 44(1) of the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976) in whose area the loading area in question is situated ".

(7) The Secretary of State may, by regulations made by statutory instrument, provide that sections 20, 52 and 53 of the said Act of 1967 (which among other things provide for the removal, storage and disposal of vehicles left on roads in contravention of a statutory prohibition) shall have effect, in relation to any vehicle which is or was in any part of a loading area while the parking of it in that part is or was prohibited by virtue of this section, with such additions, omissions and amendments as are prescribed by the regulations; and any statutory instrument made by virtue of this subsection shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(8) References in the preceding provisions of this section to an order in pursuance of subsection (1) of this section include, in the case of such an order which has been varied in pursuance of subsection (2)(a) of this section, references to the order as so varied.

38 Use of spare capacity of computers of local authorities

(1) If a local authority—

(a) has provided a computer for the purpose of enabling the authority to perform any of its functions other than functions under this section; and

(b) considers that the computer can, without detriment to its use for that purpose, be used for the benefit of the authority in pursuance of the following provisions of this section,

the authority may enter into agreements with other persons for the provision by the authority of facilities for using the computer or of services provided by means of the computer.

(2) An agreement in pursuance of this section may contain such terms as to payment or otherwise as the parties consider appropriate; and it shall be the duty of a local authority, in settling the terms of such an agreement, to ensure that they are terms on which the authority considers that a person other than a local authority could reasonably be expected to provide the facilities or services in question.

(3) In this section " computer " means any device for storing and processing information.

39 Protection of members and officers etc of local authorities from personal liability

(1) Section 265 of the [1875 c. 55.] Public Health Act 1875 (which relates to the protection from personal liability of members and officers of certain authorities) shall have effect as amended by section 27(2) of this Act as if any reference to those authorities and the first reference to that Act included respectively a reference to a local authority and to any other public general Act and any local Act and as if the reference to the general purposes of that Act included a reference to the purposes of the other public general Act or the local Act in question.

(2) A person who is appointed as a member of a committee of a local authority or a joint committee of two or more local authorities by virtue of subsection (3) or (4) of section 102 of the [1972 c. 70.] Local Government Act 1972 (which authorises among other things the appointment to such a committee of a person who is not a member of a relevant authority) shall, if he is not a member of the authority which appointed him, be treated as such a member for the purposes of the said section 265 as modified by the preceding subsection.

40 Local authorities not affected by trusts attaching to certain securities issued by them

(1) Where a local authority maintains in pursuance of any enactment a register of persons entitled to instruments which have been issued as evidence of or as security for any loan made to the authority, the officer who keeps the register on behalf of the authority (hereafter in this section referred to as " the registrar ") may if he thinks fit enter in the register as the description of a person so entitled a description specified by that person which may be a description of him as a trustee of a particular trust or a trustee without specifying a trust or any other description indicating the capacity in which he is entitled to such an instrument.

(2) Where a person entitled to such an instrument holds an office or official position, the registrar may if he thinks fit, at the request of that person either before or after his name is entered in the register in connection with the instrument, enter in the register, instead of the person's name, a description of him as the holder of the office or position; and where such a description is entered in the register any transfer of an instrument to which the description relates may be executed by, and any payment of interest or repayment of principal in connection with such an instrument may be made to, the holder for the time being of the office or position.

(3) No notice of any trust shall be entered in the register or given to the registrar except as authorised by the preceding provisions of this section; and, notwithstanding anything in the terms of an entry in the register, neither the authority which maintains it nor the registrar shall be affected by notice of any trust relating to an instrument issued as aforesaid nor required to enquire about the propriety of anything done in connection with such an instrument.

(4) References to a register in the preceding provisions of this section do not include a register maintained in pursuance of regulations made by virtue of paragraph 4 of Schedule 13 to the Local Government Act 1972 (which relates to certain mortgages, stocks and bonds).

41 Evidence of resolutions and minutes of proceedings etc.

(1) A document which—

(a) purports to be a copy of—

(i) a resolution, order or report of a local authority or a precursor of a local authority, or

(ii) the minutes of the proceedings at a meeting of a local authority or a precursor of a local authority; and

(b) bears a certificate purporting to be signed by the proper officer of the authority or a person authorised in that behalf by him or the authority and stating that the resolution was passed or the order or report was made by the authority or precursor on a date specified in the certificate or, as the case may be, that the minutes were signed in accordance with paragraph 41 of Schedule 12 to the [1972 c. 70.] Local Government Act 1972 or the corresponding provision specified in the certificate of the enactments relating to local government which were in force when the minutes were signed,

shall be evidence in any proceedings of the matters stated in the certificate and of the terms of the resolution, order, report or minutes in question.

(2) In the preceding subsection references to a local authority, except the first and second references in paragraph (b), include references to a committee of a local authority and a subcommittee of such a committee and references to a precursor of a local authority include references to a committee of such a precursor and a sub-committee of such a committee.

(3) A document which—

(a) purports to be a copy of an instrument by which the proper officer of a local authority appointed a person to be an officer of the authority or authorised a person to perform functions specified in the instrument; and

(b) bears a certificate purporting to be signed as mentioned in subsection (1)(b) of this section and stating that the document is a copy of the instrument in question,

shall be evidence in any proceedings of the fact that the instrument was made by the said proper officer and of the terms of the instrument.

(4) In the preceding provisions of this section " precursor ", in relation to a local authority, means any authority which has ceased to exist but which when it existed was constituted, in pursuance of the enactments relating to local government which were then in force, for an area any part of which is included in the area of the local authority.

42 Certain future local Acts etc to be subject to the planning enactments etc except as otherwise provided

(1) An Act or order to which this section applies shall have effect subject to—

(a) the provisions of the enactments relating to town and country planning;

(b) the provisions of the enactments relating to historic buildings and ancient monuments ;

(c) section 9 of the [1964 c. 40.] Harbours Act 1964 (which relates to the control of harbour development) and any order in force by virtue of that section ; and

(d) section 1(1) of the [1974 c. 20.] Dumping at Sea Act 1974 (which imposes restrictions on dumping in the sea),

except so far as the Act or order expressly provides otherwise.

(2) This section applies to an Act or order which is—

(a) a local Act passed after or in the same Session as this Act;

(b) a provisional order confirmed by an Act so passed; or

(c) an order which is made in the exercise of powers conferred by an Act and comes into force after the passing of this Act or in the same Session as this Act,

and which authorises the carrying out on land specified in the Act or order of works of a kind so specified.

43 Enforceability by joint planning boards etc of certain covenants

In section 126 of the [1974 c. 44.] Housing Act 1974 (which provides for the enforcement of certain covenants in agreements which relate to the development of land and to which a principal council is a party), in subsection (7) (which specifies the authorities which are principal councils for the purposes of that section) after the words " London borough" there shall be inserted the words “, a board constituted in pursuance of section 1 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1971 or reconstituted in pursuance of Schedule 17 to the Local Government Act 1972 " and at the end of that subsection there shall be inserted the words " and in this section ' area' in relation to such a board means the district for which the board is constituted or reconstituted " ; and accordingly—

(a) at the end of subsection (5) (of which paragraph (a), which is superseded by section 16 of this Act, enabled councils to obtain information about the ownership of premises for the purposes of their functions under the said section 126) there shall be inserted the words " and section 16 of the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976 shall have effect as if references to a local authority and to functions conferred on a local authority by any enactment included respectively references to such a board as is mentioned in subsection (7) of this section and to functions of such a board under this section "; and

(b) at the end of subsection (6) (which relates to the service of documents in pursuance of the said section 126 by the Common Council) there shall be inserted the words " and such a board as is mentioned in the following subsection”.

Supplemental

44 Interpretation etc of Part I

(1) In this Part of this Act, except where the contrary intention appears—

• " apparatus " includes any structure constructed in order that apparatus may be lodged in it;

• " the Common Council " means the Common Council of the City of London ;

• " functions " includes powers and duties;

• " highway " has the same meaning as in the [1959 c. 25.] Highways Act 1959 ;

• " local Act " includes a provisional order confirmed by an Act;

• " local authority " means each of the following bodies, namely, a county council, the Greater London Council, a district council, a London borough council, the Common Council and the Council of the Isles of Stilly and, in sections 1, 16, 19, 30, 36, 39 and 41 of this Act, includes a parish council and a community council;

• " notice " means notice in writing ;

• " owner ", in relation to any land, place or premises, means a person who, either on his own account or as agent or trustee for another person, is receiving the rackrent of the land, place or premises or would be entitled to receive it if the land, place or premises were let at a rackrent, and " owned" shall be construed accordingly;

• " statutory undertakers " means any of the following bodies, namely, any statutory undertakers within the meaning of the Highways Act 1959, the Post Office, any public authority exercising functions by virtue of any provision of sections 14 and 15 of the [1973 c. 37.] Water Act 1973 (which relate to sewerage) and, except in sections 3(2)(d), 15 and 26(6) of this Act, any person entitled to the benefit of a licence in respect of the highway in question under section 41 of the [1971 c. 41.] Highways Act 1971 (which relates to the placing of apparatus in highways); and

• " traffic sign " has the same meaning as in the [1967 c. 76.] Road Traffic Regulation Act 1967.

(2) Section 282 of the [1959 c. 25.] Highways Act 1959 (which relates to the service of documents) shall apply to the service of any document by or on the Secretary of State in pursuance of any provision of sections 1 to 7 of this Act as if those sections were provisions of that Act.

(3) When an offence under this Part of this Act (including an offence under byelaws made by virtue of section 12 of this Act) which has been committed by a body corporate is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivance of, or to be attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate or any person who was purporting to act in any such capacity, he as well as the body corporate shall be guilty of that offence and be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.

Where the affairs of a body corporate are managed by its members the preceding provisions of this subsection shall apply in relation to the acts and defaults of a member in connection with his functions of management as if he were a director of the body corporate.

(4) Except so far as this Part of this Act expressly provides otherwise and subject to the provisions of section 33 of the [1889 c. 63.] Interpretation Act 1889 (which relates to offences under two or more laws), nothing in this Part of this Act—

(a) confers a right of action in any civil proceedings (other than proceedings for the recovery of a fine) in respect of any contravention of this Part of this Act or an instrument made in pursuance of this Part of this Act;

(b) affects any restriction imposed by or under any other enactment, whether public, local or private ; or

(c) derogates from any right of action or other remedy (whether civil or criminal) in proceedings instituted otherwise than under this Part of this Act.

(5) Nothing in paragraph (a) of the preceding subsection applies to the failure of a person to perform a duty imposed on him by section 1(4), 2(5), 25(6) or (7)(b) or 37(2)(c) of this Act.

(6) References in this Part of this Act to any enactment are references to it as amended by or under any other enactment.

PART II Hackney carriages and private hire vehicles

45 Application of Part II

(1) The provisions of this Part of this Act, except this section, shall come into force in accordance with the following provisions of this section.

(2) If the Act of 1847 is in force in the area of a district council, the council may resolve that the provisions of this Part of this Act, other than this section, are to apply to the relevant area; and if the council do so resolve those provisions shall come into force in the relevant area on the day specified in that behalf in the resolution (which must not be before the expiration of the period of one month beginning with the day on which the resolution is passed). In this subsection " the relevant area ", in relation to a council, means—

(a) if the Act of 1847 is in force throughout the area of the council, that area ; and

(b) if the Act of 1847 is in force for part only of the area of the council, that part of that area.

(3) A council shall not pass a resolution in pursuance of the foregoing subsection unless they have—

(a) published in two consecutive weeks, in a local newspaper circulating in their area, notice of their intention to pass the resolution ; and

(b) served a copy of the notice, not later than the date on which it is first published in pursuance of the foregoing paragraph, on the council of each parish or community which would be affected by the resolution or, in the case of such a parish which has no parish council, on the chairman of the parish meeting.

(4) If after a council has passed a resolution in pursuance of subsection (2) of this section the Act of 1847 comes into force for any part of the area of the council for which it was not in force when the council passed the resolution, the council may pass a resolution in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this section in respect of that part as if that part were included in the relevant area for the purposes of subsection (2) of this section.

46 Vehicle, drivers' and operators' licences

(1) Except as authorised by this Part of this Act—

(a) no person being the proprietor of any vehicle, not being a hackney carriage in respect of which a vehicle licence is in force, shall use or permit the same to be used in a controlled district as a private hire vehicle without having for such a vehicle a current licence under section 48 of this Act;

(b) no person shall in a controlled district act as driver of any private hire vehicle without having a current licence under section 51 of this Act;

(c) no person being the proprietor of a private hire vehicle licensed under this Part of this Act shall employ as the driver thereof for the purpose of any hiring any person who does not have a current licence under the said section 51 ;

(d) no person shall in a controlled district operate any vehicle as a private hire vehicle without having a current licence under section 55 of this Act;

(e) no person licensed under the said section 55 shall in a controlled district operate any vehicle as a private hire vehicle—

(i) if for the vehicle a current licence under the said section 48 is not in force; or

(ii) if the driver does not have a current licence under the said section 51.

(2) If any person knowingly contravenes the provisions of this section, he shall be guilty of an offence.

47 Licensing of hackney carriages

(1) A district council may attach to the grant of a licence of a hackney carriage under the Act of 1847 such conditions as the district council may consider reasonably necessary.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing subsection, a district council may require any hackney carriage licensed by them under the Act of 1847 to be of such design or appearance or bear such distinguishing marks as shall clearly identify it as a hackney carriage.

(3) Any person aggrieved by any conditions attached to such a licence may appeal to a magistrates' court.

48 Licensing of private hire vehicles

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Part of this Act, a district council may on the receipt of an application from the proprietor of any vehicle for the grant in respect of such vehicle of a licence to use the vehicle as a private hire vehicle, grant in respect thereof a vehicle licence:

Provided that a district council shall not grant such a licence unless they are satisfied—

(a) that the vehicle is—

(i) suitable in type, size and design for use as a private hire vehicle;

(ii) not of such design and appearance as to lead any person to believe that the vehicle is a hackney carriage;

(iii) in a suitable mechanical condition ;

(iv) safe; and

(v) comfortable;

(b) that there is in force in relation to the use of the vehicle a policy of insurance or such security as complies with the requirements of Part VI of the Act of 1972,

and shall not refuse such a licence for the purpose of limiting the number of vehicles in respect of which such licences are granted by the council.

(2) A district council may attach to the grant of a licence under this section such conditions as they may consider reasonably necessary including, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provisions of this subsection, conditions requiring or prohibiting the display of signs on or from the vehicle to which the licence relates.

(3) In every vehicle licence granted under this section there shall be specified—

(a) the name and address of—

(i) the applicant; and

(ii) every other person who is a proprietor of the private hire vehicle in respect of which the licence is granted, or who is concerned, either solely or in partnership with any other person, in the keeping, employing or letting on hire of the private hire vehicle;

(b) the number of the licence which shall correspond with the number to be painted or marked on the plate or disc to be exhibited on the private hire vehicle in accordance with subsection (6) of this section;

(c) the conditions attached to the grant of the licence ; and

(d) such other particulars as the district council consider reasonably necessary.

(4) Every licence granted under this section shall—

(a) be signed by an authorised officer of the council which granted it;

(b) relate to not more than one private hire vehicle ; and

(c) remain in force for such period not being longer than one year as the district council may specify in the licence.

(5) Where a district council grant under this section a vehicle licence in respect of a private hire vehicle they shall issue a plate or disc identifying that vehicle as a private hire vehicle in respect of which a vehicle licence has been granted.

(6) (a) Subject to the provisions of this Part of this Act, no person shall use or permit to be used in a controlled district as a private hire vehicle a vehicle in respect of which a licence has been granted under this section unless the plate or disc issued in accordance with subsection (5) of this section is exhibited on the vehicle in such manner as the district council shall prescribe by condition attached to the grant of the licence.

(b) If any person without reasonable excuse contravenes the provisions of this subsection he shall be guilty of an offence.

(7) Any person aggrieved by the refusal of a district council to grant a vehicle licence under this section, or by any conditions specified in such a licence, may appeal to a magistrates' court.

49 Transfer of hackney carriages and private hire vehicles

(1) If the proprietor of a hackney carriage or of a private hire vehicle in respect of which a vehicle licence has been granted by a district council transfers his interest in the hackney carriage or private hire vehicle to a person other than the proprietor whose name is specified in the licence, he shall within fourteen days after such transfer give notice in writing thereof to the district council specifying the name and address of the person to whom the hackney carriage or private hire vehicle has been transferred.

(2) If a proprietor without reasonable excuse fails to give notice to a district council as provided by subsection (1) of this section he shall be guilty of an offence.

50 Provisions as to proprietors

(1) Without prejudice to the provisions of section 68 of this Act, the proprietor of any hackney carriage or of any private hire vehicle licensed by a district council shall present such hackney carriage or private hire vehicle for inspection and testing by or on behalf of the council within such period and at such place within the area of the council as they may by notice reasonably require:

Provided that a district council shall not under the provisions of this subsection require a proprietor to present the same hackney carriage or private hire vehicle for inspection and testing on more than three separate occasions during any one period of twelve months.

(2) The proprietor of any hackney carriage or private hire vehicle—

(a) licensed by a district council under the Act of 1847 or under this Part of this Act; or

(b) in respect of which an application for a licence has been made to a district council under the Act of 1847 or under this Part of this Act;

shall, within such period as the district council may by notice reasonably require, state in writing the address of every place where such hackney carriage or private hire vehicle is kept when not in use, and shall if the district council so require afford to them such facilities as may be reasonably necessary to enable them to cause such hackney carriage or private hire vehicle to be inspected and tested there.

(3) Without prejudice to the provisions of section 25 of the Act of 1972, the proprietor of a hackney carriage or of a private hire vehicle licensed by a district council shall report to them as soon as reasonably practicable, and in any case within seventy-two hours of the occurrence thereof, any accident to such hackney carriage or private hire vehicle causing damage materially affecting the safety, performance or appearance of the hackney carriage or private hire vehicle or the comfort or convenience of persons carried therein.

(4) The proprietor of any hackney carriage or of any private hire vehicle licensed by a district council shall at the request of any authorised officer of the council produce for inspection the vehicle licence for such hackney carriage or private hire vehicle and the certificate of the policy of insurance or security required by Part VI of the Act of 1972 in respect of such hackney carriage or private hire vehicle.

(5) If any person without reasonable excuse contravenes the provisions of this section, he shall be guilty of an offence.

51 Licensing of drivers of private hire vehicles

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Part of this Act, a district council shall, on the receipt of an application from any person for the grant to that person of a licence to drive private hire vehicles, grant to that person a driver's licence:

Provided that a district council shall not grant a licence—

(a) unless they are satisfied that the applicant is a fit and proper person to hold a driver's licence ; or

(b) to any person who has not for at least twelve months been, and is not at the date of the application for a driver's licence, the holder of a licence granted under Part III of the Act of 1972 (not being a provisional licence) authorising him to drive a motor car.

(2) A district council may attach to the grant of a licence under this section such conditions as they may consider reasonably necessary.

(3) It shall be the duty of a council by which licences are granted in pursuance of this section to enter, in a register maintained by the council for the purpose, the following particulars of each such licence, namely—

(a) the name of the person to whom it is granted;

(b) the date on which and the period for which it is granted ; and

(c) if the licence has a serial number, that number,

and to keep the register available at its principal offices for inspection by members of the public during office hours free of charge.

52 Appeals in respect of drivers' licences

Any person aggrieved by—

(1) the refusal of the district council to grant a driver's licence under section 51 of this Act; or

(2) any conditions attached to the grant of a driver's licence;

may appeal to a magistrates' court.

53 Drivers' licences for hackney carriages and private hire vehicles

(1) (a) Every licence granted by a district council under the provisions of this Part of this Act to any person to drive a private hire vehicle shall remain in force for three years from the date of such licence or for such lesser period as the district council may specify in such licence.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of the [1875 c. 55.] Public Health Act 1875 and the [1889 c. 14.] Town Police Clauses Act 1889, every licence granted by a district council under the provisions of the Act of 1847 to any person to drive a hackney carriage shall remain in force for three years from the date of such licence or for such lesser period as they may specify in such licence.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of the Act of 1847, a district council may demand and recover for the grant to any person of a licence to drive a hackney carriage, or a private hire vehicle, as the case may be, such a fee as they consider reasonable with a view to recovering the costs of issue and administration and may remit the whole or part of the fee in respect of a private hire vehicle in any case in which they think it appropriate to do so.

(3) The driver of any hackney carriage or of any private hire vehicle licensed by a district council shall at the request of any authorised officer of the council or of any constable produce for inspection his driver's licence either forthwith or—

(a) in the case of a request by an authorised officer, at the principal offices of the council before the expiration of the period of five days beginning with the day following that on which the request is made ;

(b) in the case of a request by a constable, before the expiration of the period aforesaid at any police station which is within the area of the council and is nominated by the driver when the request is made.

(4) If any person without reasonable excuse contravenes the provisions of this section, he shall be guilty of an offence.

54 Issue of drivers' badges

(1) When granting a driver's licence under section 51 of this Act a district council shall issue a driver's badge in such a form as may from time to time be prescribed by them.

(2) (a) A driver shall at all times when acting in accordance with the driver's licence granted to him wear such badge in such position and manner as to be plainly and distinctly visible.

(b) If any person without reasonable excuse contravenes the provisions of this subsection, he shall be guilty of an offence.

55 Licensing of operators of private hire vehicles

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Part of this Act, a district council shall, on receipt of an application from any person for the grant to that person of a licence to operate private hire vehicles grant to that person an operator's licence:

Provided that a district council shall not grant a licence unless they are satisfied that the applicant is a fit and proper person to hold an operator's licence.

(2) Every licence granted under this section shall remain in force for such period, not being longer than five years, as a district council may specify in the licence.

(3) A district council may attach to the grant of a licence under this section such conditions as they may consider reasonably necessary.

(4) Any applicant aggrieved by the refusal of a district council to grant an operator's licence under this section, or by any conditions attached to the grant of such a licence, may appeal to a magistrates' court.

56 Operators of private hire vehicles

(1) For the purposes of this Part of this Act every contract for the hire of a private hire vehicle licensed under this Part of this Act shall be deemed to be made with the operator who accepted the booking for that vehicle whether or not he himself provided the vehicle.

(2) Every person to whom a licence in force under section 55 of this Act has been granted by a district council shall keep a record in such form as the council may, by condition attached to the grant of the licence, prescribe and shall enter therein, before the commencement of each journey, such particulars of every booking of a private hire vehicle invited or accepted by him, whether by accepting the same from the hirer or by undertaking it at the request of another operator, as the district council may by condition prescribe and shall produce such record on request to any authorised officer of the council or to any constable for inspection.

(3) Every person to whom a licence in force under section 55 of this Act has been granted by a district council shall keep such records as the council may, by conditions attached to the grant of the licence, prescribe of the particulars of any private hire vehicle operated by him and shall produce the same on request to any authorised officer of the council or to any constable for inspection.

(4) A person to whom a licence in force under section 55 of this Act has been granted by a district council shall produce the licence on request to any authorised officer of the council or any constable for inspection.

(5) If any person without reasonable excuse contravenes the provisions of this section, he shall be guilty of an offence.

57 Power to require applicants to submit information

(1) A district council may require any applicant for a licence under the Act of 1847 or under this Part of this Act to submit to them such information as they may reasonably consider necessary to enable them to determine whether the licence should be granted and whether conditions should be attached to any such licence.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing subsection—

(a) a district council may require an applicant for a driver's licence in respect of a hackney carriage or a private hire vehicle—

(i) to produce a certificate signed by a registered medical practitioner to the effect that he is physically fit to be the driver of a hackney carriage or a private hire vehicle; and

(ii) whether or not such a certificate has been produced, to submit to examination by a registered medical practitioner selected by the district council as to his physical fitness to be the driver of a hackney carriage or a private hire vehicle ;

(b) a district council may require an applicant for an operator's licence to submit to them such information as to—

(i) the name and address of the applicant;

(ii) the address or addresses whether within the area of the council or not from which he intends to carry on business in connection with private hire vehicles licensed under this Part of this Act;

(iii) any trade or business activities he has carried on before making the application ;

(iv) any previous application he has made for an operator's licence;

(v) the revocation or suspension of any operator's licence previously held by him ;

(vi) any convictions recorded against the applicant ;

as they may reasonably consider necessary to enable them to determine whether to grant such licence ;

(c) in addition to the information specified in paragraph (b) of this subsection, a district council may require an applicant for an operator's licence to submit to them—

(i) if the applicant is or has been a director or secretary of a company, information as to any convictions recorded against that company at any relevant time ; any trade or business activities carried on by that company; any previous application made by that company for an operator's licence; and any revocation or suspension of an operator's licence previously held by that company ;

(ii) if the applicant is a company, information as to any convictions recorded against a director or secretary of that company; any trade or business activities carried on by any such director or secretary; any previous application made by any such director or secretary for an operator's licence; and any revocation or suspension of an operator's licence previously held by such director or secretary;

(iii) if the applicant proposes to operate the vehicle in partnership with any other person, information as to any convictions recorded against that person; any trade or business activities carried on by that person; any previous application made by that person for an operator's licence; and any revocation or suspension of an operator's licence previously held by him.

(3) If any person knowingly or recklessly makes a false statement or omits any material particular in giving information under this section, he shall be guilty of an offence.

58 Return of identification plate or disc on revocation or expiry of licence etc.

(1) On—

(a) the revocation or expiry of a vehicle licence in relation to a hackney carriage or private hire vehicle; or

(b) the suspension of a licence under section 68 of this Act;

a district council may by notice require the proprietor of that hackney carriage or private hire vehicle licensed by them to return to them within seven days after the service on him of that notice the plate or disc which—

(a) in the case of a hackney carriage, is required to be affixed to the carriage as mentioned in section 38 of the Act of 1847 ; and

(b) in the case of a private hire vehicle, was issued for the vehicle under section 48(5) of this Act.

(2) If any proprietor fails without reasonable excuse to comply with the terms of a notice under subsection (1) of this section—

(a) he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one hundred pounds and to a daily fine not exceeding ten pounds; and

(b) any authorised officer of the council or constable shall be entitled to remove and retain the said plate or disc from the said hackney carriage or private hire vehicle.

59 Qualifications for drivers of hackney carriages

(1) Notwithstanding anything in the Act of 1847, a district council shall not grant a licence to drive a hackney carriage—

(a) unless they are satisfied that the applicant is a fit and proper person to hold a driver's licence; or

(b) to any person who has not for at least twelve months been, and is not at the date of the application for a driver's licence, the holder of a licence granted under Part III of the Act of 1972 (not being a provisional licence) authorising him to drive a motor car.

(2) Any applicant aggrieved by the refusal of a district council to grant a driver's licence on the ground that he is not a fit and proper person to hold such licence may appeal to a magistrates' court.

60 Suspension and revocation of vehicle licences

(1) Notwithstanding anything in the Act of 1847 or in this Part of this Act, a district council may suspend or revoke, or (on application therefor under section 40 of the Act of 1847 or section 48 of this Act, as the case may be) refuse to renew a vehicle licence on any of the following grounds:—

(a) that the hackney carriage or private hire vehicle is unfit for use as a hackney carriage or private hire vehicle ;

(b) any offence under, or non-compliance with, the provisions of the Act of 1847 or of this Part of this Act by the operator or driver ; or

(c) any other reasonable cause.

(2) Where a district council suspend, revoke or refuse to renew any licence under this section they shall give to the proprietor of the vehicle notice of the grounds on which the licence has been suspended or revoked or on which they have refused to renew the licence within fourteen days of such suspension, revocation or refusal.

(3) Any proprietor aggrieved by a decision of a district council under this section may appeal to a magistrates' court.

61 Suspension and revocation of drivers' licences

(1) Notwithstanding anything in the Act of 1847 or in this Part of this Act, a district council may suspend or revoke or (on application therefor under section 46 of the Act of 1847 or section 51 of this Act, as the case may be) refuse to renew the licence of a driver of a hackney carriage or a private hire vehicle on any of the following grounds:—

(a) that he has since the grant of the licence—

(i) been convicted of an offence involving dishonesty, indecency or violence ; or

(ii) been convicted of an offence under or has failed to comply with the provisions of the Act of 1847 or of this Part of this Act; or

(b) any other reasonable cause.

(2) (a) Where a district council suspend, revoke or refuse to renew any licence under this section they shall give to the driver notice of the grounds on which the licence has been suspended or revoked or on which they have refused to renew such licence within fourteen days of such suspension, revocation or refusal and the driver shall on demand return to the district council the driver's badge issued to him in accordance with section 54 of this Act.

(b) If any person without reasonable excuse contravenes the provisions of this section he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding twenty pounds.

(3) Any driver aggrieved by a decision of a district council under this section may appeal to a magistrates' court.

62 Suspension and revocation of operators' licences

(1) Notwithstanding anything in this Part of this Act a district council may suspend or revoke, or (on application therefor under section 55 of this Act) refuse to renew an operator's licence on any of the following grounds:—

(a) any offence under, or non-compliance with, the provisions of this Part of this Act;

(b) any conduct on the part of the operator which appears to the district council to render him unfit to hold an operator's licence;

(c) any material change since the licence was granted in any of the circumstances of the operator on the basis of which the licence was granted ; or

(d) any other reasonable cause.

(2) Where a district council suspend, revoke or refuse to renew any licence under this section they shall give to the operator notice of the grounds on which the licence has been suspended or revoked or on which they have refused to renew such licence within fourteen days of such suspension, revocation or refusal.

(3) Any operator aggrieved by a decision of a district council under this section may appeal to a magistrates' court.

63 Stands for hackney carriages

(1) For the purposes of their functions under the Act of 1847, a district council may from time to time appoint stands for hackney carriages for the whole or any part of a day in any highway in the district which is maintainable at the public expense and, with the consent of the owner, on any land in the district which does not form part of a highway so maintainable and may from time to time vary the number of hackney carriages permitted to be at each stand.

(2) Before appointing any stand for hackney carriages or varying the number of hackney carriages to be at each stand in exercise of the powers of this section, a district council shall give notice to the chief officer of police for the police area in which the stand is situated and shall also give public notice of the proposal by advertisement in at least one local newspaper circulating in the district and shall take into consideration any objections or representations in respect of such proposal which may be made to them in writing within twenty-eight days of the first publication of such notice.

(3) Nothing in this section shall empower a district council to appoint any such stand—

(a) so as unreasonably to prevent access to any premises;

(b) so as to impede the use of any points authorised to be used in connection with a road service licence granted under section 134 of the [1960 c. 16.] Road Traffic Act 1960, or permit granted under section 30 of the [1968 c. 73.] Transport Act 1968, as points for the taking up or setting down of passengers, or in such a position as to interfere unreasonably with access to any station or depot of any passenger road transport operators, except with the consent of those operators;

(c) on any highway except with the consent of the highway authority;

and in deciding the position of stands a district council shall have regard to the position of any bus stops for the time being in use.

(4) Any hackney carriage byelaws for fixing stands for hackney carriages which were made by a district council before the date when this section comes into force in the area of the council and are in force immediately before that date shall cease to have effect, but any stands fixed by such byelaws shall be deemed to have been appointed under this section.

(5) The power to appoint stands for hackney carriages under subsection (1) of this section shall include power to revoke such appointment and to alter any stand so appointed and the expressions " appointing " and " appoint" in subsections (2) and (3) of this section shall be construed accordingly.

64 Prohibition of other vehicles on hackney carriage stands

(1) No person shall cause or permit any vehicle other than a hackney carriage to wait on any stand for hackney carriages during any period for which that stand has been appointed, or is deemed to have been appointed, by a district council under the provisions of section 63 of this Act.

(2) Notice of the prohibition in this section shall be indicated by such traffic signs as may be prescribed or authorised for the purpose by the Secretary of State in pursuance of his powers under section 54 of the [1967 c. 76.] Road Traffic Regulation Act 1967.

(3) If any person without reasonable excuse contravenes the provisions of this section, he shall be guilty of an offence.

(4) In any proceedings under this section against the driver of a public service vehicle it shall be a defence to show that, by reason of obstruction to traffic or for other compelling reason, he caused his vehicle to wait on a stand or part thereof and that he caused or permitted his vehicle so to wait only for so long as was reasonably necessary for the taking up or setting down of passengers.

65 Fixing of fares for hackney carriages

(1) A district council may fix the rates or fares within the district as well for time as distance, and all other charges in connection with the hire of a vehicle or with the arrangements for the hire of a vehicle, to be paid in respect of the hire of hackney carriages by means of a table (hereafter in this section referred to as a " table of fares ") made or varied in accordance with the provisions of this section.

(2) (a) When a district council make or vary a table of fares they shall publish in at least one local newspaper circulating in the district a notice setting out the table of fares or the variation thereof and specifying the period, which shall not be less than fourteen days from the date of the first publication of the notice, within which and the manner in which objections to the table of fares or variation can be made.

(b) A copy of the notice referred to in paragraph (a) of this subsection shall for the period of fourteen days from the date of the first publication thereof be deposited at the offices of the council which published the notice, and shall at all reasonable hours be open to public inspection without payment.

(3) If no objection to a table of fares or variation is duly made within the period specified in the notice referred to in subsection (2) of this section, or if all objections so made are withdrawn, the table of fares or variation shall come into operation on the date of the expiration of the period specified in the notice or the date of withdrawal of the objection or, if more than one, of the last objection, whichever date is the later.

(4) If objection is duly made as aforesaid and is not withdrawn, the district council shall set a further date, not later than two months after the first specified date, on which the table of fares shall come into force with or without modifications as decided by them after consideration of the objections.

(5) A table of fares made or varied under this section shall have effect for the purposes of the Act of 1847 as if it were included in hackney carriage byelaws made thereunder.

(6) On the coming into operation of a table of fares made by a council under this section for the district, any hackney carriage byelaws fixing the rates and fares or any table of fares previously made under this section for the district, as the case may be, shall cease to have effect.

(7) Section 236(8) (except the words " when confirmed ") and section 238 of the [1972 c. 70.] Local Government Act 1972 (except paragraphs (c) and (d) of that section) shall extend and apply to a table of fares made or varied under this section as they apply to byelaws made by a district council.

66 Fares for long journeys

(1) No person, being the driver of a hackney carriage licensed by a district council, and undertaking for any hirer a journey ending outside the district and in respect of which no fare and no rate of fare was agreed before the hiring was effected, shall require for such journey a fare greater than that indicated on the taximeter with which the hackney carriage is equipped or, if it is not equipped with a taximeter, greater than that which, if the current byelaws fixing rates or fares and in force in the district in pursuance of section 68 of the Act of 1847 or, as the case may be, the current table of fares in force within the district in pursuance of section 65 of this Act had applied to the journey, would have been authorised for the journey by the byelaws or table.

(2) If any person knowingly contravenes the provisions of this section, he shall be guilty of an offence.

67 Hackney carriages used for private hire

(1) No hackney carriage shall be used in the district under a contract or purported contract for private hire except at a rate of fares or charges not greater than that fixed by the byelaws or table mentioned in section 66 of this Act, and, when any such hackney carriage is so used, the fare or charge shall be calculated from the point in the district at which the hirer commences his journey.

(2) Any person who knowingly contravenes this section shall be guilty of an offence.

(3) In subsection (1) of this section " contract " means—

(a) a contract made otherwise than while the relevant hackney carriage is plying for hire in the district or waiting at a place in the district which, when the contract is made, is a stand for hackney carriages appointed by the district council under section 63 of this Act and

(b) a contract made, otherwise than with or through the driver of the relevant hackney carriage, while it is so plying or waiting.

68 Fitness of hackney carriages and private hire vehicles

Any authorised officer of the council in question or any constable shall have power at all reasonable times to inspect and test, for the purpose of ascertaining its fitness, any hackney carriage or private hire vehicle licensed by a district council, or any taximeter affixed to such a vehicle, and if he is not satisfied as to the fitness of the hackney carriage or private hire vehicle or as to the accuracy of its taximeter he may by notice in writing require the proprietor of the hackney carriage or private hire vehicle to make it or its taximeter available for further inspection and testing at such reasonable time and place as may be specified in the notice and suspend the vehicle licence until such time as such authorised officer or constable is so satisfied:

Provided that, if the authorised officer or constable is not so satisfied before the expiration of a period of two months, the said licence shall, by virtue of this section, be deemed to have been revoked and subsections (2) and (3) of section 60 of this Act shall apply with any necessary modifications.

69 Prolongation of journeys

(1) No person being the driver of a hackney carriage or of a private hire vehicle licensed by a district council shall without reasonable cause unnecessarily prolong, in distance or in time, the journey for which the hackney carriage or private hire vehicle has been hired.

(2) If any person contravenes the provisions of this section, he shall be guilty of an offence.

70 Fees for vehicle and operators' licences

(1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (2) of this section, a district council may charge such fees for the grant of vehicle and operators' licences as may be resolved by them from time to time and as may be sufficient in the aggregate to cover in whole or in part—

(a) the reasonable cost of the carrying out by or on behalf of the district council of inspections of hackney carriages and private hire vehicles for the purpose of determining whether any such licence should be granted or renewed;

(b) the reasonable cost of providing hackney carriage stands; and

(c) any reasonable administrative or other costs in connection with the foregoing and with the control and supervision of hackney carriages and private hire vehicles.

(2) The fees chargeable under this section shall not exceed—

(a) for the grant of a vehicle licence in respect of a hackney carriage, twenty-five pounds;

(b) for the grant of a vehicle licence in respect of a private hire vehicle, twenty-five pounds ; and

(c) for the grant of an operator's licence, twenty-five pounds per annum ;

or, in any such case, such other sums as a district council may, subject to the following provisions of this section, from time to time determine.

(3) (a) If a district council determine that the maximum fees specified in subsection (2) of this section should be varied they shall publish in at least one local newspaper circulating in the district a notice setting out the variation proposed, drawing attention to the provisions of paragraph (b) of this subsection and specifying the period, which shall not be less than twenty-eight days from the date of the first publication of the notice, within which and the manner in which objections to the variation can be made.

(b) A copy of the notice referred to in paragraph (a) of this subsection shall for the period of twenty-eight days from the date of the first publication thereof be deposited at the offices of the council which published the notice and shall at all reasonable hours be open to public inspection without payment.

(4) If no objection to a variation is duly made within the period specified in the notice referred to in subsection (3) of this section, or if all objections so made are withdrawn, the variation shall come into operation on the date of the expiration of the period specified in the notice or the date of withdrawal of the objection or, if more than one, of the last objection, whichever date is the later.

(5) If objection is duly made as aforesaid and is not withdrawn, the district council shall set a further date, not later than two months after the first specified date, on which the variation shall come into force with or without modification as decided by the district council after consideration of the objections.

(6) A district council may remit the whole or part of any fee chargeable in pursuance of this section for the grant of a licence under section 48 or 55 of this Act in any case in which they think it appropriate to do so.

71 Taximeters

(1) Nothing in this Act shall require any private hire vehicle to be equipped with any form of taximeter but no private hire vehicle so equipped shall be used for hire in a controlled district unless such taximeter has been tested and approved by or on behalf of the district council for the district or any other district council by which a vehicle licence in force for the vehicle was issued.

(2) Any person who—

(a) tampers with any seal on any taximeter without lawful excuse; or

(b) alters any taximeter with intent to mislead ; or

(c) knowingly causes or permits a vehicle of which he is the proprietor to be used in contravention of subsection (1) of this section,

shall be guilty of an offence.

72 Offences due to fault of other person etc.

(1) Where an offence by any person under this Part of this Act is due to the act or default of another person, then, whether proceedings are taken against the first-mentioned person or not, that other person may be charged with and convicted of that offence, and shall be liable on conviction to the same punishment as might have been imposed on the first-mentioned person if he had been convicted of the offence.

(2) Section 44(3) of this Act shall apply to an offence under this Part of this Act as it applies to an offence under Part I of this Act.

73 Obstruction of authorised officers

(1) Any person who—

(a) wilfully obstructs an authorised officer or constable acting in pursuance of this Part of this Act or the Act of 1847; or

(b) without reasonable excuse fails to comply with any requirement properly made to him by such officer or constable under this Part of this Act; or

(c) without reasonable cause fails to give such an officer or constable so acting any other assistance or information which he may reasonably require of such person for the purpose of the performance of his functions under this Part of this Act or the Act of 1847 ;

shall be guilty of an offence.

(2) If any person, in giving any such information as is mentioned in the preceding subsection, makes any statement which he knows to be false, he shall be guilty of an offence.

74 Saving for certain businesses

Where any provision of this Part of this Act coming into operation on a day fixed by resolution under section 45 of this Act requires the licensing of a person carrying on any business, or of any vehicle used by a person in connection with any business, it shall be lawful for any person who—

(a) immediately before that day was carrying on that business; and

(b) had before that day duly applied for the licence required by that provision;

to continue to carry on that business until he is informed of the decision with regard to his application and, if the decision is adverse, during such further time as is provided under section 77 of this Act.

75 Saving for certain vehicles etc.

(1) Nothing in this Part of this Act shall—

(a) apply to a vehicle used for bringing passengers or goods within a controlled district in pursuance of a contract for the hire of the vehicle made outside the district if the vehicle is not made available for hire within the district;

(b) apply to a vehicle used only for carrying passengers for hire or reward under a contract for the hire of the vehicle for a period of not less than seven days;

(c) apply to a vehicle while it is being used in connection with a funeral or a vehicle used wholly or mainly, by a person carrying on the business of a funeral director, for the purpose of funerals ;

(d) require the display of any plate, disc or notice in or on any private hire vehicle licensed by a council under this Part of this Act during such period that such vehicle is used for carrying passengers for hire or reward—

(i) to, from or in connection with any wedding ceremony; or

(ii) under a contract for the hire of the vehicle for a period of not less than 24 hours.

(2) Paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of section 46(1) of this Act shall not apply to the use or driving of a vehicle or to the employment of a driver of a vehicle while the vehicle is used as a private hire vehicle in a controlled district if a licence issued under section 48 of this Act by the council whose area consists of or includes another controlled district is then in force for the vehicle and a driver's licence issued by such a council is then in force for the driver of the vehicle.

(3) Where a licence under section 48 of this Act is in force for a vehicle, the council which issued the licence may, by a notice in writing given to the proprietor of the vehicle, provide that paragraph (a) of subsection (6) of that section shall not apply to the vehicle on any occasion specified in the notice or shall not so apply while the notice is carried in the vehicle; and on any occasion on which by virtue of this subsection that paragraph does not apply to a vehicle section 54(2)(a) of this Act shall not apply to the driver of the vehicle.

76 Penalties

Any person who commits an offence against any of the provisions of this Part of this Act in respect of which no penalty is expressly provided shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one hundred pounds.

77 Appeals

(1) Sections 300 to 302 of the Act of 1936, which relate to appeals, shall have effect as if this Part of this Act were part of that Act.

(2) If any requirement, refusal or other decision of a district council against which a right of appeal is conferred by this Act—

(a) involves the execution of any work or the taking of any action; or

(b) makes it unlawful for any person to carry on a business which he was lawfully carrying on up to the time of the requirement, refusal or decision ;

then, until the time for appealing has expired, or, when an appeal is lodged, until the appeal is disposed of or withdrawn or fails for want of prosecution—

(i) no proceedings shall be taken in respect of any failure to execute the work, or take the action; and

(ii) that person may carry on that business.

78 Application of provisions of Act of 1936

Subsection (1) of section 283 and section 304 of the Act of 1936 shall have effect as if references therein to that Act included a reference to this Part of this Act.

79 Authentication of licences

Notwithstanding anything in section 43 of the Act of 1847, any vehicle licence or driver's licence granted by a district council under that Act, or any licence granted by a district council under this Part of this Act, shall not be required to be under the common seal of the district council, but if not so sealed shall be signed by an authorised officer of the council.

80 Interpretation of Part II

(1) In this Part of this Act, unless the subject or context otherwise requires—

• " the Act of 1847 " means the provisions of the [1847 c. 89.] Town Police Clauses Act 1847 with respect to hackney carriages;

• " the Act of 1936 " means the [1936 c. 49.] Public Health Act 1936 ;

• " the Act of 1972 " means the [1972 c. 20.] Road Traffic Act 1972 ;

• " authorised officer " means any officer of a district council authorised in writing by the council for the purposes of this Part of this Act;

• " contravene " includes fail to comply;

• " controlled district " means any area for which this Part of this Act is in force by virtue of a resolution passed by a district council under section 45 of this Act;

• " daily fine " means a fine for each day during which an offence continues after conviction thereof;

• " the district ", in relation to a district council in whose area the provisions of this Part of this Act are in force, means—

  (a)

  if those provisions are in force throughout the area of the council, that area ; and

  (b)

  if those provisions are in force for part only of the area of the council, that part of that area;

• " driver's badge " means, in relation to the driver of a hackney carriage, any badge issued by a district council under byelaws made under section 68 of the Act of 1847 and, in relation to the driver of a private hire vehicle, any badge issued by a district council under section 54 of this Act;

• " driver's licence " means, in relation to the driver of a hackney carriage, a licence under section 46 of the Act of 1847 and, in relation to the driver of a private hire vehicle, a licence under section 51 of this Act;

• " hackney carriage " has the same meaning as in the Act of 1847;

• " hackney carriage byelaws " means the byelaws for the time being in force in the controlled district in question relating to hackney carriages ;

• " operate " means in the course of business to make provision for the invitation or acceptance of bookings for a private hire vehicle ;

• " operator's licence " means a licence under section 55 of this Act;

• " private hire vehicle " means a motor vehicle constructed or adapted to seat fewer than eight passengers, other than a hackney carriage or public service vehicle, which is provided for hire with the services of a driver for the purpose of carrying passengers ;

• " proprietor " includes a part-proprietor and, in relation to a vehicle which is the subject of a hiring agreement or hire-purchase agreement, means the person in possession of the vehicle under that agreement;

• " public service vehicle " has the same meaning as in section 117 of the [1960 c. 16.] Road Traffic Act 1960 ;

• " taximeter " means any device for calculating the fare to be charged in respect of any journey in a hackney carriage or private hire vehicle by reference to the distance travelled or time elapsed since the start of the journey, or a combination of both ; and

• " vehicle licence " means in relation to a hackney carriage a licence under sections 37 to 45 of the Act of 1847 and in relation to a private hire vehicle means a licence under section 48 of this Act.

(2) In this Part of this Act references to a licence, in connection with a controlled district, are references to a licence issued by the council whose area consists of or includes that district, and " licensed " shall be construed accordingly.

(3) Except where the context otherwise requires, any reference in this Part of this Act to any enactment shall be construed as a reference to that enactment as applied, extended, amended or varied by, or by virtue of, any subsequent enactment including this Act.

PART III Supplemental

81 Repeals

(1) The enactments mentioned in the first and second columns of Schedule 2 to this Act are hereby repealed to the extent specified in the third column of that Schedule.

(2) The Secretary of State may by order—

(a) repeal any provision of an Act passed before or in the same Session as this Act or of an order or other instrument made under or confirmed by an Act so passed if it appears to him that the provision is inconsistent with or has become unnecessary in consequence of any provision of this Act or corresponds to any provision repealed by this Act;

(b) amend any provision of such an Act, order or instrument if it appears to him that the provision requires amendment in consequence of any provision contained in this Act or any repeal made by virtue of the preceding paragraph;

and an order made in pursuance of this subsection may include such incidental or transitional provisions as the Secretary of State considers are appropriate in connection with the order.

(3) It shall be the duty of the Secretary of State, before he makes an order in pursuance of the preceding subsection amending or repealing any provision of a local Act, to consult each local authority which he considers would be affected by the amendment or repeal of that provision.

(4) The power to make orders conferred by subsection (2) of this section shall be exercisable by statutory instrument; and any statutory instrument made in the exercise of that power shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

82 Expenses etc.

Any expenses incurred by a Minister of the Crown by virtue of this Act and any increase attributable to this Act in the sums payable under any other Act out of money provided by Parliament shall be paid out of money so provided.

83 Short title, commencement and extent

(1) This Act may be cited as the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976.

(2) This Act, except Part II, shall come into force on such day as the Secretary of State may appoint by order made by statutory instrument; and different days may be appointed in pursuance of this subsection for different provisions of this Act and for such different purposes of the same provision as may be specified in the order.

(3) This Act does not extend to Scotland and Northern Ireland.

SCHEDULES

Section 13(3).

SCHEDULE 1 Adaptation of enactments in connection with compulsory purchases of rights

PART I Adaptation of part iii of schedule 1 to the act of 1946

1 In paragraph 9 of Schedule 1 to the [1946 c. 49.] Acquisition of Land (Authorisation Procedure) Act 1946 (which relates to land belonging to local authorities, statutory undertakers or the National Trust), for references to the purchase of land there shall be substituted references to the purchase of rights over land.

2 In paragraph 10 of that Schedule (which relates to land belonging to statutory undertakers)—

(a) for the words " comprised in " there shall be substituted the words " over which a right is to be acquired by virtue of ";

(b) after the words "purchase of" there shall be inserted the words " a right over ";

(c) for the words " it can be purchased and not replaced " there shall be substituted the words " the right can be purchased "; and

(d) for sub-paragraph (ii) there shall be substituted the following—

(ii) that any detriment to the carrying on of the undertaking, in consequence of the acquisition of the right, can be made good by the undertakers by the use of other land belonging to or available for acquisition by them.

3 In paragraph 11 of that Schedule (which relates to land forming part of a common, open space or allotment) for sub-paragraph (1) there shall be substituted the following—

(1) In so far as a compulsory purchase order authorises the purchase of a right over land forming part of a common, open space or fuel or field garden allotment, it shall be subject to special parliamentary procedure unless the Secretary of State is satisfied—

(a) that the land, when burdened with that right, will be no less advantageous to those persons in whom it is vested and to the persons, if any, entitled to rights of common or other rights, and to the public, than it was before; or

(b) that there has been or will be given in exchange for the right additional land which will, as respects the persons in whom there is vested the land over which the right is to be purchased, the persons, if any, entitled to rights of common or other rights over that land and the public, be adequate to compensate them for the disadvantages which result from the purchase of the right, and that the additional land has been or will be vested in the persons in whom there is vested the land over which the right is to be purchased and subject to the like rights, trusts and incidents as attach to that land apart from the compulsory purchase order; or

(c) that the land affected by the right to be purchased does not exceed 250 square yards in extent and that the giving of other land in exchange for the right is unnecessary, whether in the interests of the persons, if any, entitled to rights of common or other rights or in the interests of the public,

and certifies accordingly.

4 In sub-paragraph (3) of the said paragraph 11, after the words " the land " there shall be inserted the words " over which any right is to be " and at the end of the sub-paragraph there shall be inserted the words " so far as their continuance would be inconsistent with the exercise of that right ".

5 In paragraph 12 of that Schedule (which among other things relates to ancient monuments), after the words " purchase of " there shall be inserted the words " rights over ".

PART II Adaptation of part I of the act of 1965

6 In the [1965 c. 56.] Compulsory Purchase Act 1965 (hereafter in this Schedule referred to as " the Act") for section 7 (which relates to compensation) there shall be substituted the following—

7 (1) In assessing the compensation to be paid by the acquiring authority under this Act regard shall be had not only to the extent, if any, to which the value of the land over which the right is purchased is depreciated by the purchase but also to the damage, if any, to be sustained by the owner of the land by reason of injurious affection of other land of the owner by the exercise of the right.

(2) The modifications subject to which subsection (1) of section 44 of the Land Compensation Act 1973 is to have effect, as applied by subsection (2) of that section to compensation for injurious affection under this section, are that for the words " land is acquired or taken " there shall be substituted the words " a right over land is purchased " and for the words " acquired or taken from him" there shall be substituted the words " over which the right is exercisable ".

7 For section 8 of the Act (which relates to cases in which a vendor cannot be required to sell part only of a building or garden) there shall be substituted the following—

8 (1) Where in consequence of the service on a person in pursuance of section 5 of this Act of a notice to treat in respect of a right over land consisting of a house, building or manufactory or of a park or garden belonging to a house (hereafter in this subsection referred to as " the relevant land ")—

(a) a question of disputed compensation in respect of the purchase of the right would apart from this section fall to be determined by the Lands Tribunal (hereafter in this section referred to as " the Tribunal ") ; and

(b) before the Tribunal has determined that question the person satisfies the Tribunal that he has an interest which he is able and willing to sell in the whole of the relevant land and—

(i) where that land consists of a house, building or manufactory, that the right cannot be purchased without material detriment to that land, or

(ii) where that land consists of such a park or garden, that the right cannot be purchased without seriously affecting the amenity or convenience of the house to which that land belongs.

the compulsory purchase order to which the notice to treat relates shall, in relation to that person, cease to authorise the purchase of the right and be deemed to authorise the purchase of that person's interest in the whole of the relevant land including, where the land consists of such a park or garden, the house to which it belongs, and the notice shall be deemed to have been served in respect of that interest on such date as the Tribunal directs.

(2) Any question as to the extent of the land in which a compulsory purchase order is deemed to authorise the purchase of an interest by virtue of the preceding subsection shall be determined by the Tribunal.

(3) Where in consequence of a determination of the Tribunal that it is satisfied as mentioned in subsection (1) of this section a compulsory purchase order is deemed by virtue of that subsection to authorise the purchase of an interest in land, the acquiring authority may, at any time within the period of six weeks beginning with the date of the determination, withdraw the notice to treat in consequence of which the determination was made ; but nothing in this subsection prejudices any other power of the authority to withdraw the notice.

(4) The modifications subject to which subsection (1) of section 58 of the Land Compensation Act 1973 is to have effect, as applied by subsection (2) of that section to the duty of the Tribunal in determining whether it is satisfied as mentioned in subsection (1) of this section, are that at the beginning of paragraphs (a) and (b) there shall be inserted the words " a right over ", for the word " severance " there shall be substituted the words " right on the whole of the house, building or manufactory or of the house and the park or garden " and for the words "part proposed" and "part is" there shall be substituted respectively the words " right proposed " and " right is ".

8 The following provisions of the Act (which state the effect of a deed poll executed in various circumstances where there is no conveyance by persons with interests in the land), namely—

• section 9(4) (failure of owners to convey);

• paragraph 10(3) of Schedule 1 (owners under incapacity);

• paragraph 2(3) of Schedule 2 (absent and untraced owners); and

• paragraphs 2(3) and 7(2) of Schedule 4 (common land),

shall be so modified as to secure that, as against persons with interests in the land which are expressed to be overridden by the deed, the right which is to be purchased compulsorily is vested absolutely in the acquiring authority.

9 Section 11 of the Act (powers of entry) shall be so modified as to secure that, as from the date on which the acquiring authority has served notice to treat in respect of any right, it has power, exercisable in the like circumstances and subject to the like conditions, to enter for the purpose of exercising that right (which shall be deemed for this purpose to have been created on the date of service of the notice); and sections 12 (penalty for unauthorised entry) and 13 (entry on sheriff's warrant in the event of obstruction) of the Act shall be modified correspondingly.

10 Section 20 of the Act (compensation for short-term tenants) shall apply with the modifications necessary to secure that persons with such interests as are mentioned in that section are compensated in a manner corresponding to that in which they would be compensated on a compulsory acquisition of the interests but taking into account only the extent (if any) of such interference with such interests as is actually caused, or likely to be caused, by the exercise of the right in question.

11 Section 22 of the Act (protection of acquiring authority's possession of land where by inadvertence an interest in the land has not been purchased) shall be so modified as to enable the acquiring authority, in circumstances corresponding to those referred to in that section, to continue to be entitled to exercise the right in question, subject to compliance with that section as respects compensation.

Section 81.

SCHEDULE 2 Enactments repealed

Chapter	Short Title	Extent of Repeal
1875 c. 55.	The Public Health Act 1875.	In section 172 the words " and the number of persons to be carried therein ".
		Sections 253, 262, 293, 294, 299 to 302, 304 and 309.
1936 c. 49.	The Public Health Act 1936.	Sections 89, 221(b), 271, 274, 277 and 286.
		In section 293 the words "either summarily as a civil debt, or " and subsection (2).
		Sections 295, 312, 313 and 314.
		In section 322, subsection (1) and, in subsection (3), paragraph (i) and the words " (ii) in any other case ".
		Section 323.
1937 c. 46.	The Physical Training and Recreation Act 1937.	Sections 4 and 5.
		In section 9 the definition of " local authority ".
1946 c. 49.	The Acquisition of Land (Authorisation Procedure) Act 1946.	In Schedule 4 the entry relating to section 5 of the Physical Training and Recreation Act 1937.
1949 c. 55.	The Prevention of Damage by Pests Act 1949.	Section 9.
1955 c. 16 (4 Eliz. 2.).	The Food and Drugs Act 1955.	In Part I of Schedule 9, the entries relating to sections 271, 277 and 286 of the Public Health Act 1936 and the reference to section 323 of that Act.
1957 c. 56.	The Housing Act 1957.	Section 170.
1958 c. 36.	The Physical Training and Recreation Act 1958.	The whole Act.
1959 c. 25.	The Highways Act 1959.	Section 117(1)(cc).
		In paragraph 22(1) of Schedule 24, the words from " so however " onwards.
1961 c. 63.	The Highways (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1961.	Section 7.
1961 c. 64.	The Public Health Act 1961.	Sections 75(4), 76(3) and 80.
1961 c. 65.	The Housing Act 1961.	In section 22(4) the words from the beginning to " premises)".
1969 c. 10.	The Mines and Quarries (Tips) Act 1969.	Section 33(b) and (d).
1969 c. 33.	The Housing Act 1969.	Section 73.
		In paragraph 11 of Schedule 8 the words " and 170 ".
1970 c. 44.	The Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970.	In section 6(1) the words from " used " to " public ".
1972 c. 70.	The Local Government Act 1972.	In section 144(1)(b) the word " recreation ".
		Section 233(6).
1974 c. 3.	The Slaughterhouses Act 1974.	In section 32(2) the entries relating to sections 271, 277 and 286 of the Public Health Act 1936 and the reference to section 323 of that Act.
1974 c. 44.	The Housing Act 1974.	In section 48, in subsection (1) paragraph (d) and the words " subject to subsection (2) below ", and subsection (2).
		Section 126(5)(a).