http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/part/I/crossheading/supplementary/2004-01-01British Nationality Act 1981An Act to make fresh provision about citizenship and nationality, and to amend the Immigration Act 1971 as regards the right of abode in the United Kingdom.1982-01-01texttext/xmlenStatute Law Database2024-05-172004-01-01 Part I British Citizenship Supplementary Meaning of British citizen (by descent).141For the purposes of this Act a British citizen is a British citizen “by descent” if and only if—ahe is a person born outside the United Kingdom after commencement who is a British citizen by virtue of section 2(1)(a) only or by virtue of registration under section 3(2) or 9; orbsubject to subsection (2), he is a person born outside the United Kingdom before commencement who became a British citizen at commencement and immediately before commencement—iwas a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies by virtue of section 5 of the 1948 Act (citizenship by descent); oriiwas a person who, under any provision of the British Nationality Acts 1948 to 1965, was deemed for the purposes of the proviso to section 5(1) of the 1948 Act to be a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies by descent only, or would have been so deemed if male; oriiihad the right of abode in the United Kingdom by virtue only of paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of section 2 of the Immigration Act 1971 as then in force (connection with United Kingdom through parent or grandparent), or by virtue only of that paragraph and paragraph (c) of that subsection (settlement in United Kingdom with five years’ ordinary residence there), or by virtue only of being or having been the wife of a person who immediately before commencement had that right by virtue only of the said paragraph (b) or the said paragraphs (b) and (c); orivbeing a woman, was a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies as a result of her registration as such a citizen under section 6(2) of the 1948 Act by virtue of having been married to a man who at commencement became a British citizen by descent or would have done so but for his having died or ceased to be a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies as a result of a declaration of renunciation; orche is a British citizen by virtue of registration under section 3(1) and either—ihis father or mother was a British citizen at the time of the birth; oriihis father or mother was a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies at that time and became a British citizen at commencement, or would have done so but for his or her death; ordhe is a British citizen by virtue of registration under section 4B , 4C or 5; oresubject to subsection (2), being a woman born outside the United Kingdom before commencement, she is a British citizen as a result of her registration as such a citizen under section 8 by virtue of being or having been married to a man who at commencement became a British citizen by descent or would have done so but for his having died or ceased to be a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies as a result of a declaration of renunciation; orfhe is a British citizen by virtue of registration under section 10 who, having before commencement ceased to be a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies as a result of a declaration of renunciation, would, if he had not so ceased, have at commencement become a British citizen by descent by virtue of paragraph (b); orghe is a British citizen by virtue of registration under section 13 who, immediately before he ceased to be a British citizen as a result of a declaration of renunciation, was such a citizen by descent; orhhe is a person born in a British overseas territory after commencement who is a British citizen by virtue of paragraph 2 of Schedule 2.2A person born outside the United Kingdom before commencement is not a British citizen “by descent” by virtue of subsection (1)(b) or (e) if his father was at the time of his birth serving outside the United Kingdom—ain service of a description mentioned in subsection (3), his recruitment for the service in question having taken place in the United Kingdom; orbin service under a Community institution, his recruitment for that service having taken place in a country which at the time of the recruitment was a member of the Communities.3The descriptions of service referred to in subsection (2) are—aCrown service under the government of the United Kingdom; andbservice of any description at any time designated under section 2(3).1971 c. 77. Words in s. 14(1)(d) substituted (30.4.2003) by Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (c. 41), ss. 12(2), 162 (with s. 159); S.I. 2003/754, art. 2(1), Sch. 1 (with arts. 3, 4, Sch. 2 (as amended by S.I. 2003/1040, art. 2 and S.I. 2003/1339, art. 4))Words in s. 14(1)(d) inserted (30.4.2003) by Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (c. 41), ss. 13(2), 162 (with s. 159); S.I. 2003/754, art. 2(1), Sch. 1 (with arts. 3, 4, Sch. 2 (as amended by S.I. 2003/1040, art. 2 and S.I. 2003/1339, art. 4))Words in s. 14(1)(h) substituted (26.2.2002) by British Overseas Territories Act 2002 (c. 8), s. 1(1)(b)
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<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-1-paragraph-2-1-ba" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1/paragraph/2/1/ba" FoundRef="schedule-1-paragraph-2">para. 2(1)(ba)</ukm:Section>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-1-paragraph-2-1-bb" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1/paragraph/2/1/bb" FoundRef="schedule-1-paragraph-2">(bb)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:AffectingTitle>Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009</ukm:AffectingTitle>
<ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-39-5" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11/section/39/5">s. 39(5)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-58-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11/section/58/2">s. 58(2)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:InForceDates>
<ukm:InForce Applied="false" Prospective="true" Qualification=""/>
</ukm:InForceDates>
</ukm:UnappliedEffect>
<ukm:UnappliedEffect Row="230" AffectingClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Notes="Amending provision prospectively repealed by 2022 c. 36, s. 9(3)(a)" AffectedExtent="E+W+S+N.I." AffectedURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61" AffectingEffectsExtent="S+A+M+E+A+S+A+F+F+E+C+T+E+D" EffectId="key-c82a8311c6ea802f2b25b82e24f1f8b6" Type="repealed" AffectingYear="2009" Modified="2023-07-12T09:54:57Z" AffectingNumber="11" RequiresApplied="true" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/effect/key-c82a8311c6ea802f2b25b82e24f1f8b6" AffectingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11" AffectedYear="1981" AppendedCommentary="(as amended (13.5.2014) by 2014 c. 8, ss. 1(4)(a), 2(2))" Comments="This amendment is itelf amended by 2014 c. 8, ss. 1(4)(a), 2(2)" AffectedNumber="61" AffectedClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" AffectedProvisions="Sch. 1 para. 2(1)(c)" AffectingProvisions="s. 39(6) Sch. Pt. 2">
<ukm:AffectedTitle>British Nationality Act 1981</ukm:AffectedTitle>
<ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1">Sch. 1 </ukm:Section>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-1-paragraph-2-1-c" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1/paragraph/2/1/c" FoundRef="schedule-1-paragraph-2">para. 2(1)(c)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:AffectingTitle>Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009</ukm:AffectingTitle>
<ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-39-6" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11/section/39/6">s. 39(6)</ukm:Section>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11/schedule">Sch. </ukm:Section>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-part-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11/schedule/part/2">Pt. 2</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-58-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11/section/58/2">s. 58(2)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:InForceDates>
<ukm:InForce Applied="false" Prospective="true" Qualification=""/>
</ukm:InForceDates>
</ukm:UnappliedEffect>
<ukm:UnappliedEffect AffectingYear="2009" AffectedProvisions="Sch. 1 para. 2(1)(ca)" AffectedClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" AffectingClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" EffectId="key-82e67ba85ce6697f33380df0808423df" Row="231" AffectingProvisions="s. 39(7)" AffectingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11" Comments="This amendment is itelf amended by 2014 c. 8, ss. 1(4)(a), 2(2)" AffectedURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61" Notes="Amending provision prospectively repealed by 2022 c. 36, s. 9(3)(a)" RequiresApplied="true" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/effect/key-82e67ba85ce6697f33380df0808423df" AffectedYear="1981" AffectingEffectsExtent="S+A+M+E+A+S+A+F+F+E+C+T+E+D" Modified="2023-07-12T09:54:57Z" Type="inserted" AffectedExtent="E+W+S+N.I." AffectingNumber="11" AffectedNumber="61" AppendedCommentary="(as amended (13.5.2014) by 2014 c. 8, ss. 1(4)(a), 2(2))">
<ukm:AffectedTitle>British Nationality Act 1981</ukm:AffectedTitle>
<ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1">Sch. 1 </ukm:Section>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-1-paragraph-2-1-ca" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1/paragraph/2/1/ca" FoundRef="schedule-1-paragraph-2">para. 2(1)(ca)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:AffectingTitle>Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009</ukm:AffectingTitle>
<ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-39-7" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11/section/39/7">s. 39(7)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-58-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11/section/58/2">s. 58(2)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:InForceDates>
<ukm:InForce Applied="false" Prospective="true" Qualification=""/>
</ukm:InForceDates>
</ukm:UnappliedEffect>
<ukm:UnappliedEffect Type="word substituted" Modified="2023-07-12T09:54:57Z" AffectedExtent="E+W+S+N.I." AffectingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11" AffectedProvisions="Sch. 1 para. 2(1)(d)" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/effect/key-bdd2fa64069d5438e59222b40a4565f7" AffectingEffectsExtent="S+A+M+E+A+S+A+F+F+E+C+T+E+D" AffectedClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" AffectedURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61" Notes="Amending provision prospectively repealed by 2022 c. 36, s. 9(3)(a)" AppendedCommentary="(as amended (13.5.2014) by 2014 c. 8, ss. 1(4)(a), 2(2))" AffectingClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Comments="This amendment is itelf amended by 2014 c. 8, ss. 1(4)(a), 2(2)" AffectedYear="1981" AffectedNumber="61" AffectingNumber="11" RequiresApplied="true" EffectId="key-bdd2fa64069d5438e59222b40a4565f7" AffectingProvisions="s. 39(8)(a)" Row="232" AffectingYear="2009">
<ukm:AffectedTitle>British Nationality Act 1981</ukm:AffectedTitle>
<ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1">Sch. 1 </ukm:Section>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-1-paragraph-2-1-d" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1/paragraph/2/1/d" FoundRef="schedule-1-paragraph-2">para. 2(1)(d)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:AffectingTitle>Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009</ukm:AffectingTitle>
<ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-39-8-a" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11/section/39/8/a">s. 39(8)(a)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-58-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11/section/58/2">s. 58(2)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:InForceDates>
<ukm:InForce Applied="false" Prospective="true" Qualification=""/>
</ukm:InForceDates>
</ukm:UnappliedEffect>
<ukm:UnappliedEffect AffectingYear="2009" AffectedYear="1981" RequiresApplied="true" Type="words substituted" Row="233" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/effect/key-1d331732a92f0d0ac42365076771f35b" AffectedNumber="61" AffectedProvisions="Sch. 1 para. 2(1)(d)" Modified="2023-07-12T09:54:57Z" AffectedClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" AffectingEffectsExtent="S+A+M+E+A+S+A+F+F+E+C+T+E+D" AffectingClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" AffectingProvisions="s. 39(8)(b)" AffectedExtent="E+W+S+N.I." EffectId="key-1d331732a92f0d0ac42365076771f35b" AffectingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11" AppendedCommentary="(as amended (13.5.2014) by 2014 c. 8, ss. 1(4)(a), 2(2))" AffectingNumber="11" Comments="This amendment is itelf amended by 2014 c. 8, ss. 1(4)(a), 2(2)" AffectedURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61" Notes="Amending provision prospectively repealed by 2022 c. 36, s. 9(3)(a)">
<ukm:AffectedTitle>British Nationality Act 1981</ukm:AffectedTitle>
<ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1">Sch. 1 </ukm:Section>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-1-paragraph-2-1-d" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1/paragraph/2/1/d" FoundRef="schedule-1-paragraph-2">para. 2(1)(d)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:AffectingTitle>Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009</ukm:AffectingTitle>
<ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-39-8-b" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11/section/39/8/b">s. 39(8)(b)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-58-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11/section/58/2">s. 58(2)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:InForceDates>
<ukm:InForce Applied="false" Prospective="true" Qualification=""/>
</ukm:InForceDates>
</ukm:UnappliedEffect>
<ukm:UnappliedEffect RequiresApplied="true" AffectedExtent="E+W+S+N.I." AffectedYear="1981" AffectingNumber="11" Type="substituted for Sch. 1 para. 2(2)(3)" AffectingYear="2009" AffectedClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Comments="This amendment is itelf amended by 2014 c. 8, ss. 1(4)(b), 2(2)" AppendedCommentary="(as amended (13.5.2014) by 2014 c. 8, ss. 1(4)(b), 2(2))" AffectedNumber="61" Modified="2023-07-12T09:54:57Z" Notes="Amending provision prospectively repealed by 2022 c. 36, s. 9(3)(a)" AffectingProvisions="s. 39(9)" AffectedURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61" EffectId="key-f497a25f4a76dbbf39856742ba923ba4" AffectedProvisions="Sch. 1 para. 2(2)-(4)" Row="237" AffectingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/effect/key-f497a25f4a76dbbf39856742ba923ba4" AffectingEffectsExtent="S+A+M+E+A+S+A+F+F+E+C+T+E+D" AffectingClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct">
<ukm:AffectedTitle>British Nationality Act 1981</ukm:AffectedTitle>
<ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1">Sch. 1 </ukm:Section>
<ukm:SectionRange Start="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1/paragraph/2/2" End="schedule-1-paragraph-2-4" UpTo="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1/paragraph/2/4" FoundEnd="schedule-1-paragraph-2" MissingEnd="true">
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1/paragraph/2/2">para. 2(2)</ukm:Section>
-
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-1-paragraph-2-4" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1/paragraph/2/4" FoundRef="schedule-1-paragraph-2">(4)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:SectionRange>
</ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:AffectingTitle>Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009</ukm:AffectingTitle>
<ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-39-9" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11/section/39/9">s. 39(9)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-58-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11/section/58/2">s. 58(2)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:InForceDates>
<ukm:InForce Applied="false" Prospective="true" Qualification=""/>
</ukm:InForceDates>
</ukm:UnappliedEffect>
<ukm:UnappliedEffect AffectingProvisions="s. 39(10)" Row="240" AffectedExtent="E+W+S+N.I." AffectingClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" AffectedURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61" EffectId="key-e3bb2766072749cc7eea1edfb8c36287" RequiresApplied="true" AffectedClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" AffectedYear="1981" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/effect/key-e3bb2766072749cc7eea1edfb8c36287" AffectedNumber="61" AffectedProvisions="Sch. 1 para. 2(5)" Modified="2023-07-12T09:54:57Z" Type="inserted" Notes="Amending provision prospectively repealed by 2022 c. 36, s. 9(3)(a)" AffectingEffectsExtent="S+A+M+E+A+S+A+F+F+E+C+T+E+D" AffectingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11" AffectingNumber="11" AffectingYear="2009">
<ukm:AffectedTitle>British Nationality Act 1981</ukm:AffectedTitle>
<ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1">Sch. 1 </ukm:Section>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-1-paragraph-2-5" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1/paragraph/2/5" FoundRef="schedule-1-paragraph-2">para. 2(5)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:AffectingTitle>Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009</ukm:AffectingTitle>
<ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-39-10" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11/section/39/10">s. 39(10)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-58-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/11/section/58/2">s. 58(2)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:InForceDates>
<ukm:InForce Applied="false" Prospective="true" Qualification=""/>
</ukm:InForceDates>
</ukm:UnappliedEffect>
<ukm:UnappliedEffect AffectingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2024/19" AffectingProvisions="s. 1(2)" AffectedYear="1981" AffectingNumber="19" Created="2024-06-05T07:09:45Z" RequiresApplied="true" AffectingEffectsExtent="E+W+S+N.I." AffectedNumber="61" AffectedClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" AffectedProvisions="s. 4AA" Type="inserted" AffectedURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61" AffectingYear="2024" AffectingClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" EffectId="key-e0f9bfc39a7a3ce51a38bc064c6f30e4" Row="5" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/effect/ukpga-2024-19-ev7f9075-5">
<ukm:AffectedTitle>British Nationality Act 1981</ukm:AffectedTitle>
<ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:Section xmlns:err="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/error" Ref="section-4AA" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/4AA" err:Ref="Section missing in legislation" Missing="true">s. 4AA</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:AffectingTitle>British Nationality (Irish Citizens) Act 2024</ukm:AffectingTitle>
<ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-1-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2024/19/section/1/2">s. 1(2)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-2-3" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2024/19/section/2/3">s. 2(3)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:InForceDates>
<ukm:InForce Applied="false" Prospective="true" Qualification=""/>
</ukm:InForceDates>
</ukm:UnappliedEffect>
<ukm:UnappliedEffect RequiresApplied="true" AffectedProvisions="s. 50A(1)(aa)" Row="7" AffectedClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" AffectingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2024/19" AffectingProvisions="s. 1(4)(a)" Type="inserted" AffectingYear="2024" AffectedURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61" AffectingEffectsExtent="E+W+S+N.I." AffectingClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Created="2024-06-05T07:09:45Z" EffectId="key-30d93ad77c70e3d03cbfb45e501c8ed3" AffectedYear="1981" AffectedNumber="61" AffectingNumber="19" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/effect/ukpga-2024-19-ev7f9075-7">
<ukm:AffectedTitle>British Nationality Act 1981</ukm:AffectedTitle>
<ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-50A-1-aa" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/50A/1/aa" FoundRef="section-50A">s. 50A(1)(aa)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:AffectingTitle>British Nationality (Irish Citizens) Act 2024</ukm:AffectingTitle>
<ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-1-4-a" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2024/19/section/1/4/a">s. 1(4)(a)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-2-3" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2024/19/section/2/3">s. 2(3)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:InForceDates>
<ukm:InForce Applied="false" Prospective="true" Qualification=""/>
</ukm:InForceDates>
</ukm:UnappliedEffect>
</ukm:UnappliedEffects>
</ukm:PrimaryMetadata>
<ukm:Alternatives>
<ukm:Alternative Date="2009-07-06" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/pdfs/ukpga_19810061_en.pdf" Title="Print Version"/>
</ukm:Alternatives>
<ukm:Statistics>
<ukm:TotalParagraphs Value="197"/>
<ukm:BodyParagraphs Value="65"/>
<ukm:ScheduleParagraphs Value="132"/>
<ukm:AttachmentParagraphs Value="0"/>
<ukm:TotalImages Value="0"/>
</ukm:Statistics>
</ukm:Metadata>
<Primary>
<Body DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/body/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/body" NumberOfProvisions="65" RestrictEndDate="2010-04-06">
<Part DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/part/I/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/part/I" NumberOfProvisions="18" RestrictEndDate="2010-04-06" id="part-I">
<Number>Part I</Number>
<Title> British Citizenship</Title>
<Pblock DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/part/I/crossheading/supplementary/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/part/I/crossheading/supplementary" NumberOfProvisions="1" RestrictEndDate="2011-04-22" id="part-I-crossheading-supplementary">
<Title> Supplementary</Title>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2011-04-22" RestrictStartDate="2003-04-30" RestrictExtent="E+W+S+N.I.">
<Title> Meaning of British citizen (by descent).</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14" id="section-14">
<Pnumber>14</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1" id="section-14-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
For the purposes of this Act a British citizen is a British citizen “
<Term id="term-by-descent">by descent</Term>
” if and only if—
</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/a/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/a" id="section-14-1-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>he is a person born outside the United Kingdom after commencement who is a British citizen by virtue of section 2(1)(a) only or by virtue of registration under section 3(2) or 9; or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/b/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/b" id="section-14-1-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>subject to subsection (2), he is a person born outside the United Kingdom before commencement who became a British citizen at commencement and immediately before commencement—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/b/i/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/b/i" id="section-14-1-b-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>was a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies by virtue of section 5 of the 1948 Act (citizenship by descent); or</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/b/ii/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/b/ii" id="section-14-1-b-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>was a person who, under any provision of the British Nationality Acts 1948 to 1965, was deemed for the purposes of the proviso to section 5(1) of the 1948 Act to be a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies by descent only, or would have been so deemed if male; or</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/b/iii/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/b/iii" id="section-14-1-b-iii">
<Pnumber>iii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>
had the right of abode in the United Kingdom by virtue only of paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of section 2 of the
<CommentaryRef Ref="c8126201"/>
Immigration Act 1971 as then in force (connection with United Kingdom through parent or grandparent), or by virtue only of that paragraph and paragraph (c) of that subsection (settlement in United Kingdom with five years’ ordinary residence there), or by virtue only of being or having been the wife of a person who immediately before commencement had that right by virtue only of the said paragraph (b) or the said paragraphs (b) and (c); or
</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/b/iv/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/b/iv" id="section-14-1-b-iv">
<Pnumber>iv</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>being a woman, was a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies as a result of her registration as such a citizen under section 6(2) of the 1948 Act by virtue of having been married to a man who at commencement became a British citizen by descent or would have done so but for his having died or ceased to be a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies as a result of a declaration of renunciation; or</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/c/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/c" id="section-14-1-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>he is a British citizen by virtue of registration under section 3(1) and either—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/c/i/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/c/i" id="section-14-1-c-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>his father or mother was a British citizen at the time of the birth; or</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/c/ii/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/c/ii" id="section-14-1-c-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>his father or mother was a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies at that time and became a British citizen at commencement, or would have done so but for his or her death; or</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/d/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/d" id="section-14-1-d">
<Pnumber>d</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
he is a British citizen by virtue of registration under
<Substitution ChangeId="d29p1431" CommentaryRef="c19258821">section 4B </Substitution>
<Substitution ChangeId="d29p1431" CommentaryRef="c19258821">
<Addition ChangeId="d29p1433" CommentaryRef="c19258861">, 4C</Addition>
</Substitution>
<Substitution ChangeId="d29p1431" CommentaryRef="c19258821"> or 5</Substitution>
; or
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/e/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/e" id="section-14-1-e">
<Pnumber>e</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>subject to subsection (2), being a woman born outside the United Kingdom before commencement, she is a British citizen as a result of her registration as such a citizen under section 8 by virtue of being or having been married to a man who at commencement became a British citizen by descent or would have done so but for his having died or ceased to be a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies as a result of a declaration of renunciation; or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/f/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/f" id="section-14-1-f">
<Pnumber>f</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>he is a British citizen by virtue of registration under section 10 who, having before commencement ceased to be a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies as a result of a declaration of renunciation, would, if he had not so ceased, have at commencement become a British citizen by descent by virtue of paragraph (b); or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/g/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/g" id="section-14-1-g">
<Pnumber>g</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>he is a British citizen by virtue of registration under section 13 who, immediately before he ceased to be a British citizen as a result of a declaration of renunciation, was such a citizen by descent; or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/h/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/h" id="section-14-1-h">
<Pnumber>h</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
he is a person born in a
<Substitution ChangeId="d29p1463" CommentaryRef="c16726601"> British overseas territory</Substitution>
after commencement who is a British citizen by virtue of paragraph 2 of Schedule 2.
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/2/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/2" id="section-14-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A person born outside the United Kingdom before commencement is not a British citizen “by descent” by virtue of subsection (1)(b) or (e) if his father was at the time of his birth serving outside the United Kingdom—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/2/a/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/2/a" id="section-14-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>in service of a description mentioned in subsection (3), his recruitment for the service in question having taken place in the United Kingdom; or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/2/b/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/2/b" id="section-14-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>in service under a Community institution, his recruitment for that service having taken place in a country which at the time of the recruitment was a member of the Communities.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/3/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/3" id="section-14-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The descriptions of service referred to in subsection (2) are—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/3/a/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/3/a" id="section-14-3-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>Crown service under the government of the United Kingdom; and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/3/b/2004-01-01" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/3/b" id="section-14-3-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>service of any description at any time designated under section 2(3).</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</Pblock>
</Part>
</Body>
</Primary>
<Commentaries>
<Commentary id="c8126201" Type="M">
<Para>
<Text>
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1971/77" id="c00553" Year="1971" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="77">1971 c. 77</Citation>
.
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c19258821" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Words in
<CitationSubRef id="c00554" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/d" SectionRef="section-14-1-d">s. 14(1)(d)</CitationSubRef>
substituted (30.4.2003) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/41" id="c00555" Year="2002" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="41" Title="Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002">Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (c. 41)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00556" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/41/section/12/2" CitationRef="c00555" SectionRef="section-12-2" Operative="true">ss. 12(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00557" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/41/section/162" CitationRef="c00555" SectionRef="section-162">162</CitationSubRef>
(with
<CitationSubRef id="c00558" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/41/section/159" CitationRef="c00555" SectionRef="section-159">s. 159</CitationSubRef>
);
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/754" id="c00559" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2003" Number="754">S.I. 2003/754</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00560" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/754/article/2/1" CitationRef="c00559" SectionRef="article-2-1" Operative="true">art. 2(1)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00561" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/754/schedule/1" CitationRef="c00559" SectionRef="schedule-1">Sch. 1</CitationSubRef>
(with
<CitationSubRef id="c00562" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/754/article/3" CitationRef="c00559" SectionRef="article-3">arts. 3</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00563" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/754/article/4" CitationRef="c00559" SectionRef="article-4">4</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00564" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/754/schedule/2" CitationRef="c00559" SectionRef="schedule-2">Sch. 2</CitationSubRef>
(as amended by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/1040" id="c00565" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2003" Number="1040">S.I. 2003/1040</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00566" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/1040/article/2" CitationRef="c00565" SectionRef="article-2">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
and
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/1339" id="c00567" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2003" Number="1339">S.I. 2003/1339</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00568" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/1339/article/4" CitationRef="c00567" SectionRef="article-4">art. 4</CitationSubRef>
))
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c19258861" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Words in
<CitationSubRef id="c00569" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/d" SectionRef="section-14-1-d">s. 14(1)(d)</CitationSubRef>
inserted (30.4.2003) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/41" id="c00570" Year="2002" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="41" Title="Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002">Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (c. 41)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00571" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/41/section/13/2" CitationRef="c00570" SectionRef="section-13-2" Operative="true">ss. 13(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00572" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/41/section/162" CitationRef="c00570" SectionRef="section-162">162</CitationSubRef>
(with
<CitationSubRef id="c00573" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/41/section/159" CitationRef="c00570" SectionRef="section-159">s. 159</CitationSubRef>
);
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/754" id="c00574" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2003" Number="754">S.I. 2003/754</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00575" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/754/article/2/1" CitationRef="c00574" SectionRef="article-2-1" Operative="true">art. 2(1)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00576" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/754/schedule/1" CitationRef="c00574" SectionRef="schedule-1">Sch. 1</CitationSubRef>
(with
<CitationSubRef id="c00577" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/754/article/3" CitationRef="c00574" SectionRef="article-3">arts. 3</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00578" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/754/article/4" CitationRef="c00574" SectionRef="article-4">4</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00579" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/754/schedule/2" CitationRef="c00574" SectionRef="schedule-2">Sch. 2</CitationSubRef>
(as amended by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/1040" id="c00580" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2003" Number="1040">S.I. 2003/1040</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00581" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/1040/article/2" CitationRef="c00580" SectionRef="article-2">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
and
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/1339" id="c00582" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2003" Number="1339">S.I. 2003/1339</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00583" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/1339/article/4" CitationRef="c00582" SectionRef="article-4">art. 4</CitationSubRef>
))
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c16726601" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Words in
<CitationSubRef id="c00584" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/61/section/14/1/h" SectionRef="section-14-1-h">s. 14(1)(h)</CitationSubRef>
substituted (26.2.2002) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/8" id="c00585" Year="2002" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="8" Title="British Overseas Territories Act 2002">British Overseas Territories Act 2002 (c. 8)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00586" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/8/section/1/1/b" CitationRef="c00585" SectionRef="section-1-1-b" Operative="true">s. 1(1)(b)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
</Commentaries>
</Legislation>