Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982

[F1 [F2 SCHEDULE 4 U.K. CHAPTER II OF THE REGULATION AS MODIFIED: RULES FOR ALLOCATION OF JURISDICTION WITHIN UK

Textual Amendments

F1 Sch. 1 substituted (1.1.2001) by The Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (Amendment) Order 2000 (S.I. 2000/1824), arts. 1, 8(1), Sch. 1

F2 Sch. 4 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 Sch. 4 applied (with modifications) (1.10.2008) by The Housing (Scotland) Act 2006 (Consequential Provisions) Order 2008 (S.I. 2008/1889), art. 4(3)

General U.K.

F3 1 U.K. Subject to the rules of this Schedule, persons domiciled in a part of the United Kingdom shall be sued in the courts of that part.

Textual Amendments

F3 Sch. 4 para. 1 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

F4 2 U.K. Persons domiciled in a part of the United Kingdom may be sued in the courts of another part of the United Kingdom only by virtue of rules 3 to 13 of this Schedule.

Textual Amendments

F4 Sch. 4 para. 2 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

Special jurisdiction U.K.

F5 3 U.K. A person domiciled in a part of the United Kingdom may, in another part of the United Kingdom, be sued—

(a) in matters relating to a contract, in the courts for the place of performance of the obligation in question;

(b) F6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict, in the courts for the place where the harmful event occurred or may occur;

(d) as regards a civil claim for damages or restitution which is based on an act giving rise to criminal proceedings, in the court seised of those proceedings, to the extent that that court has jurisdiction under its own law to entertain civil proceedings;

(e) as regards a dispute arising out of the operations of a branch, agency or other establishment, in the courts for the place in which the branch, agency or other establishment is situated;

(f) as settlor, trustee or beneficiary of a trust created by the operation of a statute, or by a written instrument, or created orally and evidenced in writing, in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the trust is domiciled;

(g) as regards a dispute concerning the payment of remuneration claimed in respect of the salvage of a cargo or freight, in the court under the authority of which the cargo or freight in question—

(i) has been arrested to secure such payment; or

(ii) could have been so arrested, but bail or other security has been given;

provided that this provision shall apply only if it is claimed that the defendant has an interest in the cargo or freight or had such an interest at the time of salvage;

(h) in proceedings—

(i) concerning a debt secured on immovable property; or

(ii) which are brought to assert, declare or determine proprietary or possessory rights, or rights of security, in or over movable property, or to obtain authority to dispose of movable property,

in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the property is situated.

Textual Amendments

F5 Sch. 4 para. 3 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

F6 Sch. 4 para. 3(b) repealed (18.6.2011) by The Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments (Maintenance) Regulations 2011 (S.I. 2011/1484), Sch. 4 para. 11

F7 4 U.K. Proceedings which have as their object a decision of an organ of a company or other legal person or of an association of natural or legal persons may, without prejudice to the other provisions of this Schedule, be brought in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which that company, legal person or association has its seat.

Textual Amendments

F7 Sch. 4 para. 4 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

F8 5 U.K. A person domiciled in a part of the United Kingdom may, in another part of the United Kingdom, also be sued—

(a) where he is one of a number of defendants, in the courts for the place where any one of them is domiciled, provided the claims are so closely connected that it is expedient to hear and determine them together to avoid the risk of irreconcilable judgments resulting from separate proceedings;

(b) as a third party in an action on a warranty or guarantee or in any other third party proceedings, in the court seised of the original proceedings, unless these were instituted solely with the object of removing him from the jurisdiction of the court which would be competent in his case;

(c) on a counter-claim arising from the same contract or facts on which the original claim was based, in the court in which the original claim is pending;

(d) in matters relating to a contract, if the action may be combined with an action against the same defendant in matters relating to rights in rem in immovable property, in the court of the part of the United Kingdom in which the property is situated.

Textual Amendments

F8 Sch. 4 para. 5 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

F9 6 U.K. Where by virtue of this Schedule a court of a part of the United Kingdom has jurisdiction in actions relating to liability arising from the use or operation of a ship, that court, or any other court substituted for this purpose by the internal law of that part, shall also have jurisdiction over claims for limitation of such liability.

Textual Amendments

F9 Sch. 4 para. 6 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

Jurisdiction over consumer contracts U.K.

F10 7 (1) In matters relating to a contract concluded by a person, the consumer, for a purpose which can be regarded as being outside his trade or profession, jurisdiction shall be determined by this rule and rules 8 and 9, without prejudice to rule 3(e) and (h)(ii), if— U.K.

(a) it is a contract for the sale of goods on instalment credit terms; or

(b) it is a contract for a loan repayable by instalments, or for any other form of credit, made to finance the sale of goods; or

(c) in all other cases, the contract has been concluded with a person who pursues commercial or professional activities in the part of the United Kingdom in which the consumer is domiciled or, by any means, directs such activities to that part or to other parts of the United Kingdom including that part, and the contract falls within the scope of such activities.

(2) This rule shall not apply to a contract of transport other than a contract which, for an inclusive price, provides for a combination of travel and accommodation, or to a contract of insurance.

Textual Amendments

F10 Sch. 4 para. 7 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

F11 8 (1) A consumer may bring proceedings against the other party to a contract either in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which that party is domiciled or in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the consumer is domiciled. U.K.

(2) Proceedings may be brought against a consumer by the other party to the contract only in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the consumer is domiciled.

(3) The provisions of this rule shall not affect the right to bring a counter-claim in the court in which, in accordance with this rule and rules 7 and 9, the original claim is pending.

Textual Amendments

F11 Sch. 4 para. 8 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

F12 9 U.K. The provisions of rules 7 and 8 may be departed from only by an agreement—

(a) which is entered into after the dispute has arisen; or

(b) which allows the consumer to bring proceedings in courts other than those indicated in those rules; or

(c) which is entered into by the consumer and the other party to the contract, both of whom are at the time of conclusion of the contract domiciled or habitually resident in the same part of the United Kingdom, and which confers jurisdiction on the courts of that part, provided that such an agreement is not contrary to the law of that part.

Textual Amendments

F12 Sch. 4 para. 9 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

Jurisdiction over individual contracts of employment U.K.

F13 10 (1) In matters relating to individual contracts of employment, jurisdiction shall be determined by this rule, without prejudice to rule 3(e). U.K.

(2) An employer may be sued—

(a) in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which he is domiciled; or

(b) in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom where the employee habitually carries out his work or in the courts of that part where he last did so; or

(c) if the employee does not or did not habitually carry out his work in any one place, in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom where the business which engaged the employee is or was situated.

(3) An employer may bring proceedings only in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the employee is domiciled.

(4) The provisions of this rule shall not affect the right to bring a counter-claim in the court in which, in accordance with this rule, the original claim is pending.

(5) The provisions of this rule may be departed from only by an agreement on jurisdiction—

(a) which is entered into after the dispute has arisen; or

(b) which allows the employee to bring proceedings in courts other than those indicated in this rule.

Textual Amendments

F13 Sch. 4 para. 10 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

Exclusive jurisdiction U.K.

F14 11 U.K. The following courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction, regardless of domicile :—

(a)  

(i) in proceedings which have as their object rights in rem in immovable property or tenancies of immovable property, the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the property is situated;

(ii) however, in proceedings which have as their object tenancies of immovable property concluded for temporary private use for a maximum period of six consecutive months, the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the defendant is domiciled shall also have jurisdiction, provided that the tenant is a natural person and that the landlord and the tenant are domiciled in the same part of the United Kingdom;

(b) in proceedings which have as their object the validity of the constitution, the nullity or the dissolution of companies or other legal persons or associations of natural or legal persons, the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the company, legal person or association has its seat;

(c) in proceedings which have as their object the validity of entries in public registers, the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the register is kept;

(d) in proceedings concerned with the enforcement of judgments, the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the judgment has been or is to be enforced.

Textual Amendments

F14 Sch. 4 para. 11 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

Prorogation of jurisdiction U.K.

F15 12 (1) If the parties have agreed that a court or the courts of a part of the United Kingdom are to have jurisdiction to settle any disputes which have arisen or which may arise in connection with a particular legal relationship, and, apart from this Schedule, the agreement would be effective to confer jurisdiction under the law of that part, that court or those courts shall have jurisdiction. U.K.

(2) The court or courts of a part of the United Kingdom on which a trust instrument has conferred jurisdiction shall have jurisdiction in any proceedings brought against a settlor, trustee or beneficiary, if relations between these persons or their rights or obligations under the trust are involved.

(3) Agreements or provisions of a trust instrument conferring jurisdiction shall have no legal force if they are contrary to the provisions of rule 9, or if the courts whose jurisdiction they purport to exclude have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of rule 11.

Textual Amendments

F15 Sch. 4 para. 12 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

F16 13 (1) Apart from jurisdiction derived from other provisions of this Schedule, a court of a part of the United Kingdom before which a defendant enters an appearance shall have jurisdiction. U.K.

(2) This rule shall not apply where appearance was entered to contest the jurisdiction, or where another court has exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of rule 11.

Textual Amendments

F16 Sch. 4 para. 13 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

Examination as to jurisdiction and admissibility U.K.

F17 14 U.K. Where a court of a part of the United Kingdom is seised of a claim which is principally concerned with a matter over which the courts of another part of the United Kingdom have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of rule 11, it shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction.

Textual Amendments

F17 Sch. 4 para. 14 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

F18 15 (1) Where a defendant domiciled in one part of the United Kingdom is sued in a court of another part of the United Kingdom and does not enter an appearance, the court shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction unless its jurisdiction is derived from the provisions of this Schedule. U.K.

(2) The court shall stay the proceedings so long as it is not shown that the defendant has been able to receive the document instituting the proceedings or an equivalent document in sufficient time to enable him to arrange for his defence, or that all necessary steps have been taken to this end.

Textual Amendments

F18 Sch. 4 para. 15 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

Provisional, including protective, measures U.K.

F19 16 U.K. Application may be made to the courts of a part of the United Kingdom for such provisional, including protective, measures as may be available under the law of that part, even if, under this Schedule, the courts of another part of the United Kingdom have jurisdiction as to the substance of the matter.]]

Textual Amendments

F19 Sch. 4 para. 16 substituted (1.3.2002) by S.I. 2001/3929, arts. 1(b), 4, Sch. 2 para. 4 (with transitional provisions in art. 6)

TITLE II U.K. JURISDICTION

Section 1 U.K. General Provisions

Article 2 U.K.

Subject to the provisions of thisTitle, persons domiciled in apart of the United Kingdom shall . . . be sued in the courts of thatpart.

. . .

Article 3 U.K.

Persons domiciled in apart of the United Kingdom may be sued in the courts of anotherpart of the United Kingdom only by virtue of the rules set out in Sections 2,4, 5 and 6 of this Title.

. . .

Section 2 U.K. Special jurisdiction

Article 5 U.K.

A person domiciled in apart of the United Kingdom may, in anotherpart of the United Kingdom, be sued:

(1)

in matters relating to a contract, in the courts for the place of performance of the obligation in question; [F20 in matters relating to individual contracts of employment, this place is that where the employee habitually carries out his work, or if the employee does not habitually carry out his work in any one country, the employer may also be sued in the courts for the place where the business which engaged the employee was or is now situated;]

(2)

in matters relating to maintenance, in the courts for the place where the maintenance creditor is domiciled or habitually resident or, if the matter is ancillary to proceedings concerning the status of a person, in the court which, according to its own law, has jurisdiction to entertain those proceedings, unless that jurisdiction is based solely on the nationality of one of the parties;

(3)

in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict, in the courts for the place where the harmful event occurredor in the case of a threatened wrong is likely to occur;

(4)

as regards a civil claim for damages or restitution which is based on an act giving rise to criminal proceedings, in the court seised of those proceedings, to the extent that that court has jurisdiction under its own law to entertain civil proceedings;

(5)

as regards a dispute arising out of the operations of a branch, agency or other establishment, in the courts for the place in which the branch, agency or other establishment is situated;

(6)

in his capacity as a settlor, trustee or beneficiary of a trust created by the operation of a statute, or by a written instrument, or created orally and evidenced in writing, in the courts of thepart of the United Kingdomin which the trust is domiciled;

(7)

as regards a dispute concerning the payment of remuneration claimed in respect of the salvage of a cargo or freight, in the court under the authority of which the cargo or freight in question

(a)

has been arrested to secure such payment, or

(b)

could have been so arrested, but bail or other security has been given;

provided that this provision shall apply only if it is claimed that the defendant has an interest in the cargo or freight or had such an interest at the time of salvage;

(8)

in proceedings—

(a)

concerning a debt secured on immovable property;

or

(b)

which are brought to assert, declare or determine proprietary or possessory rights, or rights of security, in or over movable property, or to obtain authority to dispose of movable property,

in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the property is situated.

Article 5A U.K.

Proceedings which have as their object a decision of an organ of a company or other legal person or of an association of natural or legal persons may, without prejudice to the other provisions of this Title, be brought in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which that company, legal person or association has its seat.

Article 6 U.K.

A person domiciled in apart of the United Kingdom may,in another part of the United Kingdom, also be sued:

(1)

where he is one of a number of defendants, in the courts for the place where any one of them is domiciled;

(2)

as a third party in an action on a warranty or guarantee or in any other third party proceedings, in the court seised of the original proceedings, unless these were instituted solely with the object of removing him from the jurisdiction of the court which would be competent in his case;

(3)

on a counterclaim arising from the same contract or facts on which the original claim was based, in the court in which the original claim is pending.

(4)

[F21 in matters relating to a contract, if the action may be combined with an action against the same defendant in matters relating to rightsin rem in immovable property, in the court of thepart of the United Kingdom in which the property is situated.]

Article 6A U.K.

Where by virtue of thisTitle a court of apart of the United Kingdom has jurisdiction in actions relating to liability arising from the use or operation of a ship, that court, or any other court substituted for this purpose by the internal law of thatpart, shall also have jurisdiction over claims for limitation of such liability.

. . .

Section 4 U.K. Jurisdiction over consumer contracts

Article 13 U.K.

In proceedings concerning a contract concluded by a person for a purpose which can be regarded as being outside his trade or profession, hereinafter called “the consumer", jurisdiction shall be determined by this Section, without prejudice to the provisions of Articles . . .5(5)and (8)(b), if it is:

(1)

a contract for the sale of goods on instalment credit terms or

(2)

a contract for a loan repayable by instalments, or for any other form of credit, made to finance the sale of goods, or

(3)

any other contract for the supply of goods or a contract for the supply of services and . . .the consumer took inthe part of the United Kingdom in which he is domiciledthe steps necessary for the conclusion of the contract.

. . .

This Section shall not apply to contracts of transportor insurance.

Article 14 U.K.

A consumer may bring proceedings against the other party to a contract either in the courts of thepart of the United Kingdomin which that party is domiciled or in the courts of thepart of the United Kingdomin which he is himself domiciled.

Proceedings may be brought against a consumer by the other party to the contract only in the courts of thepart of the United Kingdom in which the consumer is domiciled.

These provisions shall not affect the right to bring a counterclaim in the court in which, in accordance with this Section, the original claim is pending.

Article 15 U.K.

The provisions of this Section may be departed from only by an agreement:

(1)

which is entered into after the dispute has arisen, or

(2)

which allows the consumer to bring proceedings in courts other than those indicated in this Section, or

(3)

which is entered into by the consumer and the other party to the contract, both of whom are at the time of conclusion of the contract domiciled or habitually resident in the samepart of the United Kingdom, and which confers jurisdiction on the courts of thatpart, provided that such an agreement is not contrary to the law of thatpart.

Section 5 U.K. Exclusive jurisdiction

Article 16 U.K.

The following courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction, regardless of domicile:

(a)

[F22 in proceedings which have as their object rightsin rem in immovable property or tenancies of immovable property, the courts of thepart of the United Kingdom in which the property is situated;

(b)

however, in proceedings which have as their object tenancies of immovable property concluded for temporary private use for a maximum period of six consecutive months, the courts of thepart of the United Kingdom in which the defendant is domiciled shall also have jurisdiction, provided that the landlord and the tenant are natural persons and are domiciled in the same part of the United Kingdom;]

(2)

in proceedings which have as their object the validity of the constitution, the nullity or the dissolution of companies or other legal persons or associations of natural or legal persons . . .the courts of thepart of the United Kingdomin which the company, legal person or association has its seat;

(3)

in proceedings which have as their object the validity of entries in public registers, the courts of thepart of the United Kingdomin which the register is kept;

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(5)

in proceedings concerned with the enforcement of judgments, the courts of thepart of the United Kingdomin which the judgment has been or is to be enforced.

Section 6 U.K. Prorogation of jurisdiction

Article 17 U.K.

If the parties . . .have agreed that a court or the courts of apart of the United Kingdom are to have jurisdiction to settle any disputes which have arisen or which may arise in connection with a particular legal relationship,and, apart from this Schedule, the agreement would be effective to confer jurisdiction under the law of that part, that court or those courts shall have . . .jurisdiction . . .

The court or courts of apart of the United Kingdom on which a trust instrument has conferred jurisdiction shall have . . .jurisdiction in any proceedings brought against a settlor, trustee or beneficiary, if relations between these persons or their rights or obligations under the trust are involved.

Agreements or provisions of a trust instrument conferring jurisdiction shall have no legal force if they are contrary to the provisions of Article . . . 15, or if the courts whose jurisdiction they purport to exclude have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of Article 16.

. . .

[F23 In matters relating to individual contracts of employment an agreement conferring jurisdiction shall have legal force only if it is entered into after the dispute has arisen or if the employee invokes it to seise courts other than those for the defendant’s domicile or those specified in Article 5(1).]

Textual Amendments

F23 Words in Sch. 4 art. 17 inserted (1.4.1993) by S.I. 1993/603, art. 2(d).

Article 18 U.K.

Apart from jurisdiction derived from other provisions of thisTitle, a court of apart of the United Kingdom before whom a defendant enters an appearance shall have jurisdiction. This rule shall not apply where appearance was entered solely to contest the jurisdiction, or where another court has exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of Article 16.

Section 7 U.K. Examination as to jurisdiction and admissibility

Article 19 U.K.

Where a court of apart of the United Kingdom is seised of a claim which is principally concerned with a matter over which the courts of anotherpart of the United Kingdomhave exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of Article 16, it shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction.

Article 20 U.K.

Where a defendant domiciled in onepart of the United Kingdom is sued in a court of anotherpart of the United Kingdom and does not enter an appearance, the court shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction unless its jurisdiction is derived from the provisions of thisTitle.

The court shall stay the proceedings so long as it is not shown that the defendant has been able to receive the document instituting the proceedings or an equivalent document in sufficient time to enable him to arrange for his defence, or that all necessary steps have been taken to this end.

. . .

Section 9 U.K. Provisional, including protective, measures

Article 24 U.K.

Application may be made to the courts of apart of the United Kingdom for such provisional, including protective, measures as may be available under the law of thatpart, even if, under thisTitle, the courts of anotherpart of the United Kingdom have jurisdiction as to the substance of the matter.