Insurance Companies Act 1982 (repealed)

Part V U.K. Supplementary Provisions

Valuation regulations U.K.

90 Power to make valuation regulations. U.K.

(1) Regulations may be made with respect to the determination of the value of assets and the amount of liabilities in any case in which the value or amount is required by any provision of this Act to be determined in accordance with valuation regulations.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) above, regulations under this section may provide that, for any specified purpose, assets or liabilities of any specified class or description shall be left out of account or shall be taken into account only to a specified extent.

(3) Regulations under this section may make different provision in relation to different cases or circumstances and for the purposes of different enactments.

Criminal proceedings U.K.

91 Criminal liability of directors. U.K.

(1) Where an offence under this Act committed by a body corporate is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivance of, or to be attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director, chief executive, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate or any person who was purporting to act in any such capacity, he, as well as the body corporate, shall be guilty of that offence and liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.

(2) For the purposes of this section a person shall be deemed to be a director of a body corporate if he is a person in accordance with whose directions or instructions the directors of the body corporate or any of them act.

92 Criminal proceedings against unincorporated bodies. U.K.

(1) Proceedings for an offence alleged to have been committed under this Act by an unincorporated body shall be brought in the name of that body (and not in that of any of its members) and, for the purposes of any such proceedings, any rules of court relating to the service of documents shall have effect as if that body were a corporation.

(2) A fine imposed on an unincorporated body on its conviction of an offence under this Act shall be paid out of the funds of that body.

(3) In a case in which an unincorporated body is charged with an offence under this Act—

(a) in England or Wales, section 33 of the M1 Criminal Justice Act 1925 and Schedule 3 to the M2 Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (procedure on charge of offence against a corporation);

(b) in Northern Ireland, section 18 of the M3 Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1945 and Schedule 4 to the M4 Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (procedure on charge of offence against a corporation)

shall have effect in like manner as they have effect in the case of a corporation so charged.

(4) In relation to any proceedings on indictment in Scotland for an offence alleged to have been committed under this Act by an unincorporated body, [F1 section 70 of the M5 Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995] (proceedings on indictment against bodies corporate) shall have effect as if that body were a body corporate.

Textual Amendments

F1 Words in s. 92(4) substituted (1.4.1996) by 1995 C. 40, ss. 5, 7(2), Sch. 4 para. 45(5) (with Sch. 3)

Marginal Citations

M1 1925 c. 86.

M2 1980 c. 43.

M3 1945 c. 15 (N.I.)

M4 S.I. 1981/1675 N.I. 26)

M5 1995 c. 40.

93 Restriction on institution of prosecutions. U.K.

Proceedings in respect of an offence under this Act shall not be instituted—

(a) in England or Wales, except by or with the consent of [F2 the Treasury,] the Secretary of State, the Industrial Assurance Commissioner or the Director of Public Prosecutions,

(b) in Northern Ireland, except by or with the consent of [F2 the Treasury,]the Secretary of State, the Department of Commerce for Northern Ireland or the Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland.

Textual Amendments

F2 Words in s. 93 substituted (5.1.1998) by S.I. 1997/2781, art. 8, Sch. Pt. I para. 49 (with art. 7)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 S. 93: functions to be exercisable by the Secretary of State and the Treasury concurrently (5.1.1998) by S.I. 1997/2781, art. 4(1)(f) (with art. 7)

94 Summary proceedings. U.K.

(1) Summary proceedings for any offence under this Act may (without prejudice to any jurisdiction exercisable apart from this subsection) be taken against a body corporate at any place at which the body has a place of business, and against any other person at any place at which he is for the time being.

(2) Notwithstanding anything in section 127 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980, an information relating to an offence under this Act which is triable by a magistrates’ court in England and Wales may be so tried if it is laid at any time within three years after the commission of the offence and within twelve months after the date on which evidence sufficient, in the opinion of the Director of Public Prosecutions, [F3 the Treasury,]the Secretary of State or the Industrial Assurance Commissioner, as the case may be, to justify the proceedings comes to his [F4 or their] knowledge.

(3) Summary proceedings in Scotland for an offence under this Act shall not be commenced after the expiration of three years from the commission of the offence.

(4) Subject to the limitation in subsection (3) above and notwithstanding anything in [F5 section 136 of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995], the proceedings referred to in that subsection may be commenced at any time within twelve months after the date on which evidence sufficent in the opinion of the Lord Advocate to justify the proceedings comes to his knowledge or, where such evidence was reported to him by [F6 the Treasury,]the Secretary of State or the Industrial Assurance Commissioner, within twelve months after the date on which it came to the knowledge of the [F6 Treasury,] Secretary of State or Commissioner.

(5) Subsection (3) of [F7 section 136 of the said Act of 1995]shall apply for the purposes of subsections (3) and (4) above as it applies for the purposes of that section.

(6) Notwithstanding anything in Article 19(1) of the M6 Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981, a complaint relating to an offence under this Act which is triable by a court of summary jurisdiction in Northern Ireland may be so tried if it is made at any time within three years after the commission of the offence and within twelve months after the date on which evidence sufficient, in the opinion of the Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland [F6 ,the Treasury] the Secretary of State or the Department of Commerce for Northern Ireland as the case may be, to justify the proceedings comes to his or that Department’s knowledge.

(7) For the purposes of this section a certificate of the Director of Public Prosecutions, the Lord Advocate, the Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland [F6 , the Treasury] the Secretary of State, the Department of Commerce for Northern Ireland or the Industrial Assurance Commissioner, as the case may be, as to the date on which such evidence as aforesaid came to his, or that Department’s, knowledge shall be conclusive evidence.

Textual Amendments

F3 Words in s. 94(2) inserted (5.1.1998) by S.I. 1997/2781, art. 8, Sch. Pt. I para. 50(a)(i) (with art. 7)

F4 Words in s. 94(2) inserted (5.1.1998) by S.I. 1997/2781, art. 8, Sch. Pt. I para. 50(a)(ii) (with art. 7)

F5 Words in s. 94(4) substituted (1.4.1996) by 1995 c. 40, ss. 5, 7(2), Sch. 4 para. 45(6)

F6 Words in s. 94(4)(6)(7) inserted (5.1.1998) by S.I. 1997/2781, art. 8, Sch. Pt. I para. 50(b)(i)(ii)(c)(d) (with art. 7)

F7 Words in s. 94(5) substituted (1.4.1996) by 1995 c. 40, ss. 5, 7(2), sch. 4 para.45(7)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C2 S. 94: functions to be exercisable by the Secretary of State and the Treasury concurrently (5.1.1998) by S.I. 1997/2781, art. 4(1)(g) (with art. 7)

Marginal Citations

M6 S.I. 1981/1675 (N.I. 26)

[F8 Law applicable to certain contracts of insurance] U.K.

Textual Amendments

F8 S. 94A and cross-heading inserted by S.I. 1990/1333, reg. 6(1)

[F9 94B] Law applicable to certain contracts of insurance. U.K.

(1) The law applicable to a contract of insurance the effecting of which constitutes general business, and which covers risks situated in the United Kingdom or another member State, shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of [F10 Part I of] Schedule 3A to this Act.

[F11 (1A) The law applicable to a contract of insurance to which Article 1 of the first long term insurance Directive applies shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Part II of Schedule 3A to this Act if–

(a) where the policy holder is an individual, he is habitually resident in a member State; or

(b) where the policy holder is not an individual, the establishment of the policy holder to which the contract relates is situated in a member State.

(2) Subsections (1) and (1A) above do not apply in relation to a contract of reinsurance.]

Textual Amendments

F9 S. 94A (inserted by the Insurance Companies (Amendment) Regulations 1990) renumbered as S. 94B by S.I. 1992/2890, reg. 9(2) and, by that reg. 9(2), that section and s. 94A (inserted by Insurance (Fees) Act 1985) are transposed.

F10 Words in s. 94B inserted (20.5.1993) by S.I. 1993/174, reg. 5(2)

F11 S. 94B(1A)(2) substituted for s. 94B(2) (20.5.1993) by S.I. 1993/174, reg. 5(3)

[F12 Fees] U.K.

Textual Amendments

F12 S. 94A inserted (16.7.1985) by Insurance (Fees) Act 1985 (c. 46, SIF 67), s. 1

94A Fees. U.K.

(1) When documents are deposited under section 22(1) above the company concerned shall pay to the [F13 Treasury]such fee as may be prescribed.

(2) In the case of a company for which a fee is prescribed, documents shall not be taken to have been deposited under section 22(1) until the company has paid the fee.

(3) When a statement is deposited under section 86(1) above the Council of Lloyd’s shall pay to the [F13 Treasury]such fee as may be prescribed.

(4) In making regulations for the purposes of subsections (1) and (3) above the [F13 Treasury] shall have regard to the object of securing (so far as practicable) that the amount of the fees payable in any relevant period by insurance companies and the Council of Lloyd’s is equal to the cost incurred, or likely to be incurred, in the period by the [F13 Treasury] in exercising relevant functions.

(5) This section does not apply where documents are, or a statement is, deposited before 1st April 1986, and in subsection (4) above ''relevant period’’ means the period of twelve months beginning with 1st April 1986 and each successive period of twelve months beginning with 1st April.

(6) In subsection (4) above “relevant functions” means such functions of the [F13 Treasury] in relation to insurance companies and the members of Lloyd’s as may be prescribed.

(7) Sums received by the [F13 Treasury] under this section shall be paid into the Consolidated Fund.

Textual Amendments

F13 Words in s. 94A substituted (5.1.1998) by S.I. 1997/2781, art. 8(1), Sch. Pt. I para. 51(a) (with art. 7)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C3 S. 94A(6) modified (1.4.1995) by S.I. 1995/688, reg. 10

Interpretation U.K.

95 Insurance business. U.K.

For the purposes of this Act “insurance business” includes—

(a) the effecting and carrying out, by a person not carrying on a banking business, of contracts for fidelity bonds, performance bonds, administration bonds, bail bonds or customs bonds or similar contracts of guarantee, being contracts effected by way of business (and not merely incidentally to some other business carried on by the person effecting them) in return for the payment of one or more premiums;

(b) the effecting and carrying out of tontines;

(c) the effecting and carrying out, by a body (not being a body carrying on a banking business) that carries on business which is insurance business apart from this paragraph, of—

(i) capital redemption contracts;

(ii) contracts to manage the investments of pension funds (other than funds solely for the benefit of its own officers or employees and their dependants or, in the case of a company, partly for the benefit of those persons and partly for the benefit of officers or employees and their dependants of its subsidiary or holding company or a subsidiary of its holding company);

(d) the effecting and carrying out of contracts to pay annuities on human life.

96 General interpretation. U.K.

(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—

• “actuary” means an actuary possessing the prescribed qualifications;

• “annuities on human life” does not include superannuation allowances and annuities payable out of any fund applicable solely to the relief and maintenance of persons engaged or who have been engaged in any particular profession, trade or employment, or of the dependants of such persons;

• [F14 'associate’ shall be construed in accordance with section 96C below;]

• “body corporate” does not include a corporation sole or a Scottish firm but includes a body incorporated outside the United Kingdom;

• “chief executive” has the meaning given in [F15 section 96D below];

• [F16 [F17 'claims representative’ has the meaning given in section 96F below;]

• [F18 “commitment” means a commitment represented by insurance business of any of the classes specified in Schedule 1 to this Act;]

• “the Companies Act” means the Companies Act 1985]

• “contract of insurance” includes any contract the effecting of which constitutes the carrying on of insurance business by virtue of section 95 above;

• “controller” has the meaning given in [F19 section 96C below];

• [F20 'Community co-insurance operation’ and, in relation to such an operation, 'leading insurer’ have the same meanings as in Council Directive 78/473/EEC of 30th May 1978 F21 on the co-ordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to Community co-insurance;]

• “court” means the High Court of Justice in England or, in the case of an insurance company registered or having its head office in Scotland, the Court of Session or, in the case of an insurance company registered or having its head office in Northern Ireland, the High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland;

• [F22 'criteria of sound and prudent management’ means the criteria set out in Schedule 2A to this Act;]

• “deed of settlement”, in relation to an insurance company, includes any instrument constituting the company;

• “director” includes any person occupying the position of director by whatever name called;

• [F23 'EC company’ has the meaning given in section 2 above;

• 'EEA Agreement’ means the Agreement on the European Economic Area signed at Oporto on 2nd May 1992 F24 as adjusted by the Protocol signed at Brussels on 17th March 1993 F25 ;

• 'EEA State’ means a State which is a Contracting Party to the EEA Agreement F26 . . .;

• 'EFTA company’ has the meaning given by section 72B above;

• 'EFTA State’ means an EEA State which is not a member State;]

• “enactment” includes an enactment of the Parliament of Northern Ireland and a Measure of the Northern Ireland Assembly;

• “financial year” means, subject to section 69 above, each period of twelve months at the end of which the balance of the accounts of the insurance company is struck or, if no such balance is struck, the calender year;

• “former Companies Acts” means the M7 Companies Act 1929 or the M8 Companies Act (Northern Ireland) 1932 and any enactment repealed by that Act of 1929 or, as the case may be, that Act of 1932 or by the M9 Companies (Consolidation) Act 1908; [F27 and the Companies Acts 1948 to 1983][F28 and the Companies Acts (Northern Ireland) 1960 to 1983]

• “general business” has the meaning given in section 1 above;

• “holding company” shall be construed in accordance with section [F29 736] of the [F30 Companies Act] or [F31 Article 4] of the [F32 Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986];

• [F33 'home State’, in relation to an EC company, means the member State in which the company’s head office is situated;]

• “industrial assurance business” has the meaning given in section 1(2) of the M10 Industrial Assurance Act 1923 or Articles 2(2) and 3(1) of the M11 Industrial Assurance (Northern Ireland) Order 1979;

• “insolvent” means, in relation to an insurance company at any relevant date, that if proceedings had been taken for the winding up of the company the court could, in accordance with the provisions of sections [F34 122 and 123 or section 221 of the Insolvency Act 1986] or, as the case may be, [F35 Articles 102 and 103 or Article 185 of the Insolvency (Northern Ireland) Order 1989], hold or have held that the company was at that date unable to pay its debts;

• “insurance company” means a person or body of persons (whether incorporated or not) carrying on insurance business;

• “life policy” means any instrument by which the payment of money is assured on death (except death by accident only) or the happening of any contingency dependent on human life, or any instrument evidencing a contract which is subject to payment of premiums for a term dependent on human life;

• “long term business” has the meaning given in section 1 above;

• “long term policy holder” means a policy holder in respect of a policy the effecting of which by the insurer constituted the carrying on of long term business;

• “main agent” has the meaning given in [F36 section 96E below];

• “manager”, except in section 56, has the meaning given in [F37 section 96D below];

(a) where the policy holder is an individual, the member State in which he had his habitual residence at that date; or

(b) where the policy holder is not an individual, the member State in which the establishment of the policy holder to which the commitment relates wassituated at that date;

• “margin of solvency”, “United Kingdom margin of solvency” and [F38 'EEA margin of solvency’] shall be construed in accordance with section 32 above;

[F39 'member State’ shall be construed in accordance with section 2(7) F40 . . . above;]

• “mortgage”, in relation to Scotland, means a heritable security within the meaning of section 9(8) of the M12 Conveyancing and Feudal Reform (Scotland) Act 1970;

[F41 'non-EC company’ has the meaning given in section 5 above;

'notifiable holding’ means voting rights or shares which, if acquired by any person, will result in his becoming a 10 per cent.shareholder controller, a 20 per cent.shareholder controller, a 33 per cent.shareholder controller, a 50 per cent.shareholder controller or a majority shareholder controller;]

• “ordinary long-term insurance business” means long term business that is not industrial assurance business;

  [F42 “parent undertaking” shall be construed in accordance with section 258 of the Companies Act 1985 F43 and Article 266 of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986 F44 ;]

• “policy”—

(a) in relation to ordinary long-term insurance business and industrial assurance business, includes an instrument evidencing a contract to pay an annuity upon human life;

(b) in relation to insurance business of any other class includes any policy under which there is for the time being an existing liability already accrued or under which a liability may accrue; and

(c) in relation to capital redemption business, includes any policy, bond, certificate, receipt or other instrument evidencing the contract with the company;

• “policy holder” means the person who for the time being is the legal holder of the policy for securing the contract with the insurance company or, in relation to capital redemption business, means the person who for the time being is the legal holder of the policy, bond, certificate, receipt or other instrument evidencing the contract with the company, and—

(a) in relation to such ordinary long-term insurance business or industrial assurance business as consists in the granting of annuities upon human life, includes an annuitant; and

(b) in relation to insurance business of any kind other than such as is mentioned in the foregoing paragraph or capital redemption business, includes a person to whom, under a policy, a sum is due or a periodic payment is payable;

• “prescribed” means prescribed by regulations under this Act;

• “registered society” means a society registered or deemed to be registered under the M13 Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1965 or the M14 Industrial and Provident Societies Act (Northern Ireland) 1969;

• “registrar of companies” has the [F45 the same meaning as in] the [F30 Companies Act] and “registrar of companies in Northern Ireland” means the registrar of companies within the meaning of [F46 Article 2 of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986];

[F47 'relevant motor vehicle risks’ means risks falling within class 10 of Schedule 2 to this Act (motor vehicle liability), but excluding carrier’s liability;

'shareholder controller’, '10 per cent.shareholder controller’, '20 per cent.shareholder controller’, '33 per cent.shareholder controller’, '50 per cent.shareholder controller’ and 'majority shareholder controller’ have the meanings given by section 96C below;

'State of the commitment’, in relation to a commitment entered into at any date, means—

(a) where the policy holder is an individual, the State in which he had his habitual residence at that date;

(b) where the policy holder is not an individual, the State in which the establishment of the policy holder to which the commitment relates was situated at that date,

and 'member State of the commitment’ shall be construed accordingly;]

• “subsidiary”, except in section 57, shall be construed in accordance with section [F48 736] of the [F30 Companies Act] or [F49 Article 4] of the [F32 Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986]:

[F50 'subsidiary undertaking’ shall be construed in accordance with section 258 of the Companies Act F51 and Article 266 of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986 F52 ;]

[F53 “supervisory authority”, in relation to a member State other than the United Kingdom or in relation to Switzerland, means the authority responsible in that State or country for supervising insurance companies;]

[F53 “Swiss general insurance company” has the meaning given in section 11 above;]

[F54 'UK company’ has the meaning given in section 5 above;]

• “underwriter” includes any person named in a policy or other contract of insurance as liable to pay or contribute towards the payment of the sum secured by the policy or contract;

• “valuation regulations” means regulations under section 90 above;

• “vessel” includes hovercraft.

(2) References in this Act to a fund or funds maintained in respect of long term business are references to a fund or funds maintained under section 28(1)(b) above and in sections 48(3) and 55(6) above include references to a fund or funds maintained under section 3(1) of the M15 Insurance Companies Act 1958 or section 14(1) of the M16 Insurance Companies Act (Northern Ireland) 1968.

(3) A person shall not be deemed to be within the meaning of any provision of this Act a person in accordance with whose directions or instructions the directors of a company or other body corporate or any of them are accustomed to act by reason only that the directors of the company or body act on advice given by him in a professional capacity.

[F55 (2B) Any reference in this Act—

(a) to an undertaking being closely linked with any person, or being closely linked with any person by control; or

(b) to an undertaking’s close links with any person,

shall be construed in accordance with regulation 2 of the Financial Institutions (Prudential Supervision) Regulations 1996).]

(4) Any reference in this Act to an enactment of the Parliament of Northern Ireland or a Measure of the Northern Ireland Assembly shall include a reference to any enactment re-enacting it with or without modifications.

[F56 (5) Except as otherwise provided by paragraph 27 of Schedule 2F to this Act, this Act shall apply as if Gibraltar were a member State.]

Subordinate Legislation Made

P1 S. 96(1): s. 97 (with ss. 94A, 96(1)), power exercised (11.3.1991) by S.I. 1991/621

S. 96(1): s. 17 (with ss. 20, 21, 96(1), 97), power exercised (14.11.1991) by S.I. 1991/2736

Textual Amendments

F14 Definition of “associate”in s. 96(1) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(a)

F15 Words in the definition of “chief executive”in s. 96(1) substituted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(b)

F16 Definition inserted by Companies Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985 (c. 9, SIF 27), s. 30, Sch. 2

F17 Definition of “claims representative”in s. 96(1) substituted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(c)

F18 Definition of commitment in s. 96(1) inserted (20.5.1993) by S.I. 1993/174, reg. 6(2)(b)

F19 Words in the definition of “controller”in s. 96(1) substituted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(d)

F20 Definition of “Community co-insurance operation”in s. 96(1) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(e)

F21 O.J. L151, 7.6.78, page 25.

F22 Definition of “criteria of sound and prudent management”in s. 96(1) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(f)

F23 Definitions of “EC company”

“EEA Agreement”

“EEA State”

“EFTA company”and “EFTA State”in s. 96(1) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(g)

F24 O.J. L1, 3.1.94, page 3.

F25 O.J. L1, 3.1.94, page 572.

F26 Words in the definition of “EEA State”in s. 96(1) omitted (30.4.1996) by virtue of S.I. 1996/944, reg. 4(3)(a)

F27 Words added by Companies Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985 (c. 9, SIF 27), s. 30, Sch. 2

F28 Words added by S.I. 1986/1035 (N.I. 9), art. 23, Sch. 1 Pt. II.

F29 Figure substituted by Companies Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985 (c. 9, SIF 27), s. 30, Sch. 2

F30 Words substituted by Companies Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985 (c. 9, SIF 27), s. 30, Sch. 2

F31 Words substituted by S.I. 1986/1035 (N.I. 9), art. 23, Sch. 1 Pt. II

F32 Words substituted by S.I. 1986/1035 (N.I. 9), art. 23, Sch. 1 Pt. II

F33 Definition of “home State”in s. 96(1) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(h)

F34 Words substituted by Insolvency Act 1986 (c. 45, SIF 66), s. 439(2), Sch. 14

F35 Words in s. 96(1) substituted (N.I.) (1.10.1991) by S.I. 1989/2405 (N.I. 19), art. 381(2), Sch. 9 para. 38; S.R. 1991/411, art. 2

F36 Words in the definition of “main agent”in s. 96(1) substituted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(i)

F37 Words in the definition of “manager”in s. 96(1) substituted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(j)

F38 Definition of “EEA margin of solvency”in s. 96(1) substituted (30.12.1994) for “Community margin of solvency”by S.I. 1994/3132, reg. 10(3)

F39 Definition of “member State”in s. 96(1) inserted (30.12.1994) by S.I. 1994/3132. reg. 3(2)

F40 Words in the definition of “member State”in s. 96(1) omitted (30.4.1996) by virtue of S.I. 1996/944, reg. 4(3)(b)

F41 Definitions of “non-EC company”and “notifiable holding”in s. 96(1) substituted for “member State of the commitment” by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(k)

F42 Definition in s. 96(1) inserted (19.11.1992) by S.I. 1992/2890, reg. 9(3)(b)

F43 1985 c.6; section 258 was inserted by section 21 of the Companies Act 1989 (c.40).

F44 S.I. 1986/1032 (N.I.6); Article 266 was inserted by Article 23 of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1990 (S.I.1990/593 (N.I.5)).

F45 Words substituted by Companies Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985 (c. 9, SIF 27), s. 30, Sch. 2

F46 Words substituted by S.I. 1986/1035 (N.I. 9), art. 23, Sch. 1 Pt. II

F47 Definitions of “relevant motor vehicle risks”

“shareholder controller”

“10 per cent shareholder controller”

“20 per cent shareholder controller”

“33 per cent shareholder controller”

“50 per cent shareholder controller”

“majority shareholder controller”and “State of the commitment” in s. 96(1) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(l)

F48 Figure substituted by Companies Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985 (c. 9, SIF 27), s. 30, Sch. 2

F49 Figure substituted by S.I. 1986/1035 (N.I. 9), art. 23, Sch. 1 Pt. II.

F50 Definition of “subsidiary undertaking”in s. 96(1) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(m)

F51 1985 c.6: section 258 was inserted by the Companies Act 1989 (c.40), section 21.

F52 S.I. 1986/1032 (N.I.6); Article 266 was inserted by the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1990 (S.I. 1990/593 (N.I.5)), Article 23.

F53 Definitions of “supervisory authority”and “Swiss general insurance company”substituted for definition of “supervisory authority”in s. 96(1) inserted (5.1.1994) by S.I. 1993/3127, reg. 4

F54 Definition of “UK company”in s. 96(1) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(n)

F55 By S.I. 1996/1669, reg. 23, Sch. 5 para. 7 (with reg. 5(6)) it is provided (18.7.1996) that s. 96(2B) shall be inserted after s. 96(3)

F56 S. 96(5) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(2)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C4 Definition of "chief executive" in s. 96 applied (15.5.1991) by Standard Life Assurance Company Act 1991 (c. iii), s. 14(1), Sch. reg. 1 (1); appointed day (15.5.1991) as published in the London Gazette on 19.4.1991

Marginal Citations

M7 1929 c. 23.

M8 1932 c. 7(N.I.).

M9 1908 c. 69.

M10 1923 c. 8.

M11 S.I. 1979/1574 (N.I. 13)

M12 1970 c. 35.

M13 1965 c. 12.

M14 1969 c. 24 (N.I.)

M15 1958 c. 72.

M16 1968 c. 6 (N.I.)

[F57 96A Interpretation of expressions derived from F58 . . . insurance Directives. U.K.

(1) In this Act—

(a) “the first general insurance Directive” means Council Directive 73/239/EEC of 24 July 1973 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the taking-up and pursuit of the business of direct insurance other than life assurance;

(b) “the second general insurance Directive” means Council Directive 88/357/EEC of 22 June 1988 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct insurance other than life assurance and laying down provisions to facilitate the effective exercise of freedom to provide services and amending Directive 73/239/EEC;

[F59 (c) 'the third general insurance Directive’ means Council Directive 92/49/EEC of 18 June 1992 F60 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct insurance other than life assurance and amending Directives 73/239/EEC F61 and 88/357/EEC F62 ;]

and “the general insurance Directives” means those Directives as amended and such other Directives as make provision with respect to the business of direct insurance other than life assurance.

[F63 F64 (1A) The Directives amending the general insurance Directives referred to in subsection (1) above include Council Directive 90/618/EEC amending, particularly as regards motor vehicle liability insurance, Directive 73/239/EEC and Directive 88/357/EEC.

[F63 (1B) In this Act–

(a) “the first long term insurance Directive” means Council Directive 79/267/EEC of 5 March 1979 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of direct life assurance;

(b) “the second long term insurance Directive” means Council Directive 90/619/EEC of 8 November 1990 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct life assurance, laying down provisions to facilitate the effective exercise of freedom to provide services and amending Directive 79/267/EEC;

[F65 (c) 'the third long term insurance Directive’ means Council Directive 92/96/EEC of 10 November 1992 F66 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct life assurance and amending Directives 79/267 EEC F67 and 90/619/EEC F68 ;]]

and “the long term insurance Directives” means those Directives.]

[F69 (1C) Any reference in this Act to the first or third general insurance Directive, or to the first or third long term insurance Directive, is a reference to that Directive as amended by the Prudential Supervision Directive (within the meaning of the Financial Institutions (Prudential Supervision) Regulations 1996).]

[F70 (2) In this Act, in relation to an insurance company, 'establishment’ means the head office or a branch of the company; and references to a company being established in a State mean that the company has its head office or a branch there.

Any permanent presence of an insurance company in a State other than that in which it has its head office shall be regarded as a single branch, whether that presence consists of a single office which, or two or more offices each of which—

(a) is managed by the company’s own staff;

(b) is an agency of the company; or

(c) is managed by a person who is independent but has permanent authority to act for the company in the same way as an agency.]

(3) References in this Act to the member State where the risk is situated are—

(a) where the insurance relates to buildings or to buildings and their contents (in so far as the contents are covered by the same policy), to the member State in which the property is situated;

(b) where the insurance relates to vehicles of any type, to the member State of registration;

(c) in the case of policies of a duration of four months or less covering travel or holiday risks (whatever the class concerned), to the member State where the policy holder took out the policy;

(d) in a case not covered by paragraphs (a) to (c)—

(i) where the policy holder is an individual, to the member State where he has his habitual residence [F71 at the date when the contract is entered into];

(ii) otherwise, to the member State where the establishment of the policy holder to which the policy relates is situated [F72 at that date].

[F73 (3A) In this Act references to the provision of insurance in the United Kingdom or any other EEA State are references to either or both of the following—

(a) the covering (otherwise than by way of reinsurance) of a risk situated there through an establishment in another EEA State ('the provision of general insurance’); and

(b) the covering (otherwise than by way of reinsurance) of a commitment situated there through an establishment in another EEA State ('the provision of long term insurance’).]

(4) In this Act the “ECU” means the unit of account of that name defined in Council Regulation (EEC) No. 3180/78 as amended.

The exchange rates as between the ECU and the currencies of the member States to be applied for each year beginning on 31st December shall be the rates applicable on the last day of the preceding October for which rates for the currencies of all the member States were published in the Official Journal of the Communities.]

Textual Amendments

F57 S. 96A inserted by S.I. 1990/1333, reg. 2(1)

F58 Word in side-note omitted (20.5.1993) by virtue of S.I. 1993/174, reg. 6(3)

F59 S. 96A(1)(c) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 51(1)

F60 O.J. L228, 11.8.92, page 1.

F61 O.J. L228, 16.8.73, page 3.

F62 O.J. L172, 4.7.88, page 1.

F63 S. 96A(1B) substituted (20.5.1993) by S.I. 1993/174, reg. 6(4)

F64 S. 96A(1A)(1B) inserted (19.11.1992) by S.I. 1992/2890, reg. 9(4)

F65 S. 96A(1B)(c) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 51(2)

F66 O.J. L360, 9.12.92, page 1.

F67 O.J. L63, 13.3.79, page 1.

F68 O.J. L330, 29.11.90, page 50.

F69 S. 96A(1C) inserted (18.7.1996) by S.I. 1996/1669, reg. 23, Sch. 5 para. 8

F70 S. 96A(2) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 51(3)

F71 Words in s. 96A(3)(d)(i) inserted (30.12.1994) by S.I. 1994/3132, reg. 10(4)(a)

F72 Words in s. 96A(3)(d)(ii) inserted (30.12.1994) by S.I. 1994/3132, reg. 10(4)(b)

F73 S. 96A(3A) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 51(4)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C5 S. 96A(3) applied (3.5.1994) by S.I. 1994 c. 9, s. 73(2)

[F74 96B Meaning of “large risks”. U.K.

(1) In this Act “large risks” means—

(a) risks falling within classes 4, 5, 6, 7, 11 and 12 of Part I of Schedule 2;

(b) risks falling within classes 14 and 15 of that Part which relate to a business carried on by the policy holder;

(c) risks falling within [F75 classes 3, 8, 9, 10, 13 and 16] of that Part where the policy holder carries on a business in respect of which the condition specified in subsection (2) below is met.

(2) The condition referred to in subsection (1)(c) is that at least two of the three following criteria were exceeded in the most recent financial year for which the information is available:

• First stage: until 31st December 1992—

• balance sheet total: 12.4 million ECU

• net turnover: 24 million ECU

• number of employees: 500;

• Second stage: from 1st January 1993—

• balance sheet total: 6.2 million ECU

• net turnover: 12.8 million ECU

• number of employees: 250.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2) as it applies to a company within the meaning of section 735(1) of the Companies Act 1985 or Article 3 of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986—

(a) “balance sheet total” has the meaning given by section 247(5) of that Act or Article 255(5) of that Order,

(b) “net turnover” has the meaning given to “turnover” by section 262(1) of that Act or Article 270(1) of that Order, and

(c) “number of employees” has the meaning given by section 247(6) of that Act or Article 255(6) of that Order;

and for a financial year which is a company’s financial year but not in fact a year, the net turnover of the company shall be proportionately adjusted.

(4) Where the policy holder is a member of a group for which consolidated accounts (within the meaning of Directive 83/349/EEC are drawn up, the question whether the condition in subsection (2) is met shall be determined by reference to those accounts.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (1)(c) as it applies where the policy holder is a professional association, joint venture or temporary grouping, the question whether the condition in subsection (2) is met shall be determined by reference to the aggregate of the relevant figures for all the members of the professional association, joint venture or temporary grouping.

(6) In this section “business” includes a trade or profession and, for the purposes of subsection (1)(c), any activity of a professional association, joint venture or temporary grouping.]

Textual Amendments

F74 S. 96B inserted by S.I. 1990/1333, reg. 4

F75 Words in s. 96B(1)(c) substituted (19.11.1992) by S.I. 1992/2890, reg. 9(5)

[96C F76 Meaning of 'controller’etc. U.K.

(1) In this Act 'controller’, in relation to an insurance company, means—

(a) a managing director of the company or of a body corporate of which the company is a subsidiary;

(b) a chief executive of the company or of a body corporate, being an insurance company, of which the company is a subsidiary;

(c) a person in accordance with whose directions or instructions the directors of the company or of a body corporate of which it is a subsidiary are accustomed to act;

(d) in the case of UK company, a person who satisfies the requirements of subsection (2) below; or

(e) except in the case of a UK company, a person who either alone or with any associate or associates is entitled to exercise, or control the exercise of, 15 per cent. or more of the voting power at any general meeting of the company or of a body corporate of which it is a subsidiary.

(2) A person satisfies the requirements of this subsection in relation to a UK company if, either alone or with any associate or associates—

(a) he holds 10 per cent. or more of the shares in the company or another company of which it is a subsidiary undertaking;

(b) he is entitled to exercise, or control the exercise of, 10 per cent.or more of the voting power at any general meeting of the company or another company of which it is a subsidiary undertaking; or

(c) he is able to exercise a significant influence over the management of the company or another company of which it is such an undertaking by virtue of—

(i) a holding of shares in; or

(ii) an entitlement to exercise, or to control the exercise of, the voting power at any general meeting of,

the company or, as the case may be, that other company.

(3) In this Act—

'shareholder controller’ means a person who is a controller of a UK company by virtue of subsection (2) above;

'10 per cent. shareholder controller’ means a shareholder controller in whose case the percentage referred to in subsection (2) above is 10 or more but less than 20;

'20 per cent. shareholder controller’ means a shareholder controller in whose case that percentage is 20 or more but less than 33;

'33 per cent. shareholder controller’ means a shareholder controller in whose case that percentage is 33 or more but less than 50;

'50 per cent. shareholder controller’ means a shareholder controller in whose case that percentage is 50;

'majority shareholder controller’ means a shareholder controller whose shareholding is such that the UK company is his subsidiary undertaking.

(4) For the purpose of determining for the purposes of this Act whether any person is a controller of an insurance company or is a shareholder controller, or a shareholder controller of any particular description, of a UK company, 'associate’ means, subject to subsection (5) below—

(a) the wife or husband or minor son or daughter of that person;

(b) the trustees of any settlement under which that person has a life interest in possession, or, in Scotland, a life interest;

(c) any company of which that person is a director;

(d) any person who is an employee or partner of that person;

(e) if that person is a company—

(i) any director of that company;

(ii) any subsidiary undertaking of that company;

(iii) any director or employee of any such subsidiary undertaking; and

(f) if that person has made an agreement or arrangement with any other person—

(i) with respect to the acquisition, holding or disposal of shares or other interests in the company concerned or another company of which it is a subsidiary undertaking; or

(ii) under which they undertake to act together in exercising their voting power in relation to the company concerned or another company of which it is such an undertaking, that other person.

(5) For the purpose of determining for the purposes of this Act whether any person is a controller of an insurance company other than a UK company, subsection (4) above shall have effect as if—

(a) paragraphs (b) and (f) were omitted; and

(b) in paragraph (e), for the words 'subsidiary undertaking’, in both places where they occur, there were substituted the word 'subsidiary’.

(6) In this section—

'settlement’ includes any disposition or arrangement under which property is held in trust;

'share’ has the same meaning as in Part VII of the Companies Act or Part VIII of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986 F77 ;

'son’ includes stepson and 'daughter’ includes stepdaughter.

(7) Any reference in this section to a UK or non-EC company includes a reference to a company which, if any authorisation sought by it were issued, would be such a company.]

Textual Amendments

F76 S. 96C inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 52 (with reg. 68(3))

F77 S.I. 1986/1032 (N.I.6).

[96D F78 Meanings of 'manager’ and 'chief executive’. U.K.

(1) In this Act 'manager’—

(a) in relation to a UK company, means any person (other than an employee of the company) appointed by the company to manage any part of its business, or any employee of the company (other than a chief executive) who, under the immediate authority of a director or chief executive of the company—

(i) exercises managerial functions, or is responsible for maintaining accounts or other records of the company; and

(ii) is not a person whose functions relate exclusively to business conducted from a place of business which is not in a member State;

(b) in relation to an insurance company which is not a UK company, means an employee of the company (other than a chief executive) who, under the immediate authority of a director or chief executive of the company—

(i) exercises managerial functions, or is responsible for maintaining accounts or other records of the company; and

(ii) is not a person whose functions relate exclusively to business conducted from a place of business outside the United Kingdom.

(2) In this Act 'chief executive’, in relation to an insurance company or body corporate, means an employee of that company or body corporate, who, either alone or jointly with others, is responsible under the immediate authority of the directors for the conduct of the whole of the insurance business of that company or body corporate.]

Textual Amendments

F78 S. 96D inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 53

[96E F79 Meaning of 'main agent’. U.K.

(1) In this Act 'main agent’—

(a) in relation to a UK company, means a person appointed by the company to be its agent in respect of general business in one or more member States, with authority to enter into contracts on behalf of the company in any financial year—

(i) without limit on the aggregate amount of premiums; or

(ii) with a limit in excess of 10 per cent. of the premium limit as determined in accordance with subsections (3) to (6) below;

(b) in relation to an insurance company which is not a UK company, means, subject to such exceptions as may be prescribed, a person appointed by the company to be its agent in respect of general business in the United Kingdom, with authority to enter into contracts on behalf of the company in any financial year—

(i) without limit on the aggregate amount of premiums; or

(ii) with a limit in excess of 10 per cent. of that premium limit.

(2) A person shall not be regarded as falling within subsection (1)(a)(i) above in relation to a financial year unless—

(a) the company is of the opinion that the aggregate amount of premiums, on contracts entered into by him on behalf of the company in that year in respect of general business in the member State or States concerned, will be in excess of 10 per cent. of the premium limit as determined in accordance with subsections (3) to (6) below; or

(b) the aggregate amount of premiums, on contracts so entered into, actually is in excess of 10 per cent. of that premium limit.

(3) Subject to subsections (4) and (5) below, the premium limit for the purposes of this section is the aggregate of the amounts of gross premiums shown in the annual accounts relating to the company’s business last deposited under section 22 above as receivable in respect of general business in the financial year to which the accounts relate.

(4) If the accounts so deposited relate to a financial year which is not a period of 12 months, the aggregate of the amounts of gross premiums shown in the accounts as receivable in that financial year shall be divided by the number of months in that financial year and multiplied by twelve.

(5) If no accounts have been deposited under section 22 above the aggregate amount of gross premiums shall be the amount or, if more than one amount, the lower or lowest amount, shown in respect of gross premiums relating to the company’s business in the financial forecast last submitted by the company in accordance with regulations made for the purposes of section 5(1)(a) above.

(6) Any reference in subsection (3) or (5) above to the company’s business is, in the case of an insurance company which is not a UK company, a reference to its business in the United Kingdom.]

Textual Amendments

F79 S. 96E inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 54

[96F F80 Meaning of 'claims representative’. U.K.

(1) In this Act 'claims representative’, in relation to an insurance company and an EEA State, means a person who—

(a) has been designated as the company’s representative in that EEA State ('the EEA State concerned’); and

(b) satisfies the requirements mentioned in subsections (2) to (5) below.

(2) The claims representative must be authorised—

(a) to act on behalf of the company and to represent, or to instruct others to represent, the company in relation to any matters giving rise to relevant claims;

(b) to pay sums in settlement of relevant claims;

(c) to accept service on behalf of the company of proceedings in respect of relevant claims;

but the authority must not extend to the settlement of relevant claims.

(3) The claims representative must be authorised to represent the company in any proceedings or enquiry to establish the existence or validity of a policy issued by the company which covers or purports to cover relevant motor vehicle risks in the EEA State concerned.

(4) Without prejudice to subsection (2) above, the claims representative must not act on behalf of the company in the carrying on in the EEA State concerned of its general business (other than its reinsurance business, if any).

(5) The claims representative must—

(a) in the case of an individual, be resident in the EEA State concerned;

(b) in the case of a corporation, have a place of business in that EEA State.

(6) In this section 'relevant claim’ means any claim which may be made against a policy issued by the company to the extent that it covers relevant motor vehicle risks situated in the EEA State concerned, whether or not submitted to the company and whether by a policy holder or by a third party having rights of action against the company or a policy holder or by both.]

Textual Amendments

F80 S. 96F inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 55

Interpretation U.K.

95 Insurance business. U.K.

For the purposes of this Act “insurance business” includes—

(a) the effecting and carrying out, by a person not carrying on a banking business, of contracts for fidelity bonds, performance bonds, administration bonds, bail bonds or customs bonds or similar contracts of guarantee, being contracts effected by way of business (and not merely incidentally to some other business carried on by the person effecting them) in return for the payment of one or more premiums;

(b) the effecting and carrying out of tontines;

(c) the effecting and carrying out, by a body (not being a body carrying on a banking business) that carries on business which is insurance business apart from this paragraph, of—

(i) capital redemption contracts;

(ii) contracts to manage the investments of pension funds (other than funds solely for the benefit of its own officers or employees and their dependants or, in the case of a company, partly for the benefit of those persons and partly for the benefit of officers or employees and their dependants of its subsidiary or holding company or a subsidiary of its holding company);

(d) the effecting and carrying out of contracts to pay annuities on human life.

96 General interpretation. U.K.

(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—

• “actuary” means an actuary possessing the prescribed qualifications;

• “annuities on human life” does not include superannuation allowances and annuities payable out of any fund applicable solely to the relief and maintenance of persons engaged or who have been engaged in any particular profession, trade or employment, or of the dependants of such persons;

• [F14 'associate’ shall be construed in accordance with section 96C below;]

• “body corporate” does not include a corporation sole or a Scottish firm but includes a body incorporated outside the United Kingdom;

• “chief executive” has the meaning given in [F15 section 96D below];

• [F16 [F17 'claims representative’ has the meaning given in section 96F below;]

• [F18 “commitment” means a commitment represented by insurance business of any of the classes specified in Schedule 1 to this Act;]

• “the Companies Act” means the Companies Act 1985]

• “contract of insurance” includes any contract the effecting of which constitutes the carrying on of insurance business by virtue of section 95 above;

• “controller” has the meaning given in [F19 section 96C below];

• [F20 'Community co-insurance operation’ and, in relation to such an operation, 'leading insurer’ have the same meanings as in Council Directive 78/473/EEC of 30th May 1978 F21 on the co-ordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to Community co-insurance;]

• “court” means the High Court of Justice in England or, in the case of an insurance company registered or having its head office in Scotland, the Court of Session or, in the case of an insurance company registered or having its head office in Northern Ireland, the High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland;

• [F22 'criteria of sound and prudent management’ means the criteria set out in Schedule 2A to this Act;]

• “deed of settlement”, in relation to an insurance company, includes any instrument constituting the company;

• “director” includes any person occupying the position of director by whatever name called;

• [F23 'EC company’ has the meaning given in section 2 above;

• 'EEA Agreement’ means the Agreement on the European Economic Area signed at Oporto on 2nd May 1992 F24 as adjusted by the Protocol signed at Brussels on 17th March 1993 F25 ;

• 'EEA State’ means a State which is a Contracting Party to the EEA Agreement F26 . . .;

• 'EFTA company’ has the meaning given by section 72B above;

• 'EFTA State’ means an EEA State which is not a member State;]

• “enactment” includes an enactment of the Parliament of Northern Ireland and a Measure of the Northern Ireland Assembly;

• “financial year” means, subject to section 69 above, each period of twelve months at the end of which the balance of the accounts of the insurance company is struck or, if no such balance is struck, the calender year;

• “former Companies Acts” means the M7 Companies Act 1929 or the M8 Companies Act (Northern Ireland) 1932 and any enactment repealed by that Act of 1929 or, as the case may be, that Act of 1932 or by the M9 Companies (Consolidation) Act 1908; [F27 and the Companies Acts 1948 to 1983][F28 and the Companies Acts (Northern Ireland) 1960 to 1983]

• “general business” has the meaning given in section 1 above;

• “holding company” shall be construed in accordance with section [F29 736] of the [F30 Companies Act] or [F31 Article 4] of the [F32 Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986];

• [F33 'home State’, in relation to an EC company, means the member State in which the company’s head office is situated;]

• “industrial assurance business” has the meaning given in section 1(2) of the M10 Industrial Assurance Act 1923 or Articles 2(2) and 3(1) of the M11 Industrial Assurance (Northern Ireland) Order 1979;

• “insolvent” means, in relation to an insurance company at any relevant date, that if proceedings had been taken for the winding up of the company the court could, in accordance with the provisions of sections [F34 122 and 123 or section 221 of the Insolvency Act 1986] or, as the case may be, [F35 Articles 102 and 103 or Article 185 of the Insolvency (Northern Ireland) Order 1989], hold or have held that the company was at that date unable to pay its debts;

• “insurance company” means a person or body of persons (whether incorporated or not) carrying on insurance business;

• “life policy” means any instrument by which the payment of money is assured on death (except death by accident only) or the happening of any contingency dependent on human life, or any instrument evidencing a contract which is subject to payment of premiums for a term dependent on human life;

• “long term business” has the meaning given in section 1 above;

• “long term policy holder” means a policy holder in respect of a policy the effecting of which by the insurer constituted the carrying on of long term business;

• “main agent” has the meaning given in [F36 section 96E below];

• “manager”, except in section 56, has the meaning given in [F37 section 96D below];

(a) where the policy holder is an individual, the member State in which he had his habitual residence at that date; or

(b) where the policy holder is not an individual, the member State in which the establishment of the policy holder to which the commitment relates wassituated at that date;

• “margin of solvency”, “United Kingdom margin of solvency” and [F38 'EEA margin of solvency’] shall be construed in accordance with section 32 above;

[F39 'member State’ shall be construed in accordance with section 2(7) F40 . . . above;]

• “mortgage”, in relation to Scotland, means a heritable security within the meaning of section 9(8) of the M12 Conveyancing and Feudal Reform (Scotland) Act 1970;

[F41 'non-EC company’ has the meaning given in section 5 above;

'notifiable holding’ means voting rights or shares which, if acquired by any person, will result in his becoming a 10 per cent.shareholder controller, a 20 per cent.shareholder controller, a 33 per cent.shareholder controller, a 50 per cent.shareholder controller or a majority shareholder controller;]

• “ordinary long-term insurance business” means long term business that is not industrial assurance business;

  [F42 “parent undertaking” shall be construed in accordance with section 258 of the Companies Act 1985 F43 and Article 266 of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986 F44 ;]

• “policy”—

(a) in relation to ordinary long-term insurance business and industrial assurance business, includes an instrument evidencing a contract to pay an annuity upon human life;

(b) in relation to insurance business of any other class includes any policy under which there is for the time being an existing liability already accrued or under which a liability may accrue; and

(c) in relation to capital redemption business, includes any policy, bond, certificate, receipt or other instrument evidencing the contract with the company;

• “policy holder” means the person who for the time being is the legal holder of the policy for securing the contract with the insurance company or, in relation to capital redemption business, means the person who for the time being is the legal holder of the policy, bond, certificate, receipt or other instrument evidencing the contract with the company, and—

(a) in relation to such ordinary long-term insurance business or industrial assurance business as consists in the granting of annuities upon human life, includes an annuitant; and

(b) in relation to insurance business of any kind other than such as is mentioned in the foregoing paragraph or capital redemption business, includes a person to whom, under a policy, a sum is due or a periodic payment is payable;

• “prescribed” means prescribed by regulations under this Act;

• “registered society” means a society registered or deemed to be registered under the M13 Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1965 or the M14 Industrial and Provident Societies Act (Northern Ireland) 1969;

• “registrar of companies” has the [F45 the same meaning as in] the [F30 Companies Act] and “registrar of companies in Northern Ireland” means the registrar of companies within the meaning of [F46 Article 2 of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986];

[F47 'relevant motor vehicle risks’ means risks falling within class 10 of Schedule 2 to this Act (motor vehicle liability), but excluding carrier’s liability;

'shareholder controller’, '10 per cent.shareholder controller’, '20 per cent.shareholder controller’, '33 per cent.shareholder controller’, '50 per cent.shareholder controller’ and 'majority shareholder controller’ have the meanings given by section 96C below;

'State of the commitment’, in relation to a commitment entered into at any date, means—

(a) where the policy holder is an individual, the State in which he had his habitual residence at that date;

(b) where the policy holder is not an individual, the State in which the establishment of the policy holder to which the commitment relates was situated at that date,

and 'member State of the commitment’ shall be construed accordingly;]

• “subsidiary”, except in section 57, shall be construed in accordance with section [F48 736] of the [F30 Companies Act] or [F49 Article 4] of the [F32 Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986]:

[F50 'subsidiary undertaking’ shall be construed in accordance with section 258 of the Companies Act F51 and Article 266 of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986 F52 ;]

[F53 “supervisory authority”, in relation to a member State other than the United Kingdom or in relation to Switzerland, means the authority responsible in that State or country for supervising insurance companies;]

[F53 “Swiss general insurance company” has the meaning given in section 11 above;]

[F54 'UK company’ has the meaning given in section 5 above;]

• “underwriter” includes any person named in a policy or other contract of insurance as liable to pay or contribute towards the payment of the sum secured by the policy or contract;

• “valuation regulations” means regulations under section 90 above;

• “vessel” includes hovercraft.

(2) References in this Act to a fund or funds maintained in respect of long term business are references to a fund or funds maintained under section 28(1)(b) above and in sections 48(3) and 55(6) above include references to a fund or funds maintained under section 3(1) of the M15 Insurance Companies Act 1958 or section 14(1) of the M16 Insurance Companies Act (Northern Ireland) 1968.

(3) A person shall not be deemed to be within the meaning of any provision of this Act a person in accordance with whose directions or instructions the directors of a company or other body corporate or any of them are accustomed to act by reason only that the directors of the company or body act on advice given by him in a professional capacity.

[F55 (2B) Any reference in this Act—

(a) to an undertaking being closely linked with any person, or being closely linked with any person by control; or

(b) to an undertaking’s close links with any person,

shall be construed in accordance with regulation 2 of the Financial Institutions (Prudential Supervision) Regulations 1996).]

(4) Any reference in this Act to an enactment of the Parliament of Northern Ireland or a Measure of the Northern Ireland Assembly shall include a reference to any enactment re-enacting it with or without modifications.

[F56 (5) Except as otherwise provided by paragraph 27 of Schedule 2F to this Act, this Act shall apply as if Gibraltar were a member State.]

Subordinate Legislation Made

P1 S. 96(1): s. 97 (with ss. 94A, 96(1)), power exercised (11.3.1991) by S.I. 1991/621

S. 96(1): s. 17 (with ss. 20, 21, 96(1), 97), power exercised (14.11.1991) by S.I. 1991/2736

Textual Amendments

F14 Definition of “associate”in s. 96(1) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(a)

F15 Words in the definition of “chief executive”in s. 96(1) substituted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(b)

F16 Definition inserted by Companies Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985 (c. 9, SIF 27), s. 30, Sch. 2

F17 Definition of “claims representative”in s. 96(1) substituted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(c)

F18 Definition of commitment in s. 96(1) inserted (20.5.1993) by S.I. 1993/174, reg. 6(2)(b)

F19 Words in the definition of “controller”in s. 96(1) substituted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(d)

F20 Definition of “Community co-insurance operation”in s. 96(1) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(e)

F21 O.J. L151, 7.6.78, page 25.

F22 Definition of “criteria of sound and prudent management”in s. 96(1) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(f)

F23 Definitions of “EC company”

“EEA Agreement”

“EEA State”

“EFTA company”and “EFTA State”in s. 96(1) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(g)

F24 O.J. L1, 3.1.94, page 3.

F25 O.J. L1, 3.1.94, page 572.

F26 Words in the definition of “EEA State”in s. 96(1) omitted (30.4.1996) by virtue of S.I. 1996/944, reg. 4(3)(a)

F27 Words added by Companies Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985 (c. 9, SIF 27), s. 30, Sch. 2

F28 Words added by S.I. 1986/1035 (N.I. 9), art. 23, Sch. 1 Pt. II.

F29 Figure substituted by Companies Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985 (c. 9, SIF 27), s. 30, Sch. 2

F30 Words substituted by Companies Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985 (c. 9, SIF 27), s. 30, Sch. 2

F31 Words substituted by S.I. 1986/1035 (N.I. 9), art. 23, Sch. 1 Pt. II

F32 Words substituted by S.I. 1986/1035 (N.I. 9), art. 23, Sch. 1 Pt. II

F33 Definition of “home State”in s. 96(1) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(h)

F34 Words substituted by Insolvency Act 1986 (c. 45, SIF 66), s. 439(2), Sch. 14

F35 Words in s. 96(1) substituted (N.I.) (1.10.1991) by S.I. 1989/2405 (N.I. 19), art. 381(2), Sch. 9 para. 38; S.R. 1991/411, art. 2

F36 Words in the definition of “main agent”in s. 96(1) substituted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(i)

F37 Words in the definition of “manager”in s. 96(1) substituted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(j)

F38 Definition of “EEA margin of solvency”in s. 96(1) substituted (30.12.1994) for “Community margin of solvency”by S.I. 1994/3132, reg. 10(3)

F39 Definition of “member State”in s. 96(1) inserted (30.12.1994) by S.I. 1994/3132. reg. 3(2)

F40 Words in the definition of “member State”in s. 96(1) omitted (30.4.1996) by virtue of S.I. 1996/944, reg. 4(3)(b)

F41 Definitions of “non-EC company”and “notifiable holding”in s. 96(1) substituted for “member State of the commitment” by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(k)

F42 Definition in s. 96(1) inserted (19.11.1992) by S.I. 1992/2890, reg. 9(3)(b)

F43 1985 c.6; section 258 was inserted by section 21 of the Companies Act 1989 (c.40).

F44 S.I. 1986/1032 (N.I.6); Article 266 was inserted by Article 23 of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1990 (S.I.1990/593 (N.I.5)).

F45 Words substituted by Companies Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985 (c. 9, SIF 27), s. 30, Sch. 2

F46 Words substituted by S.I. 1986/1035 (N.I. 9), art. 23, Sch. 1 Pt. II

F47 Definitions of “relevant motor vehicle risks”

“shareholder controller”

“10 per cent shareholder controller”

“20 per cent shareholder controller”

“33 per cent shareholder controller”

“50 per cent shareholder controller”

“majority shareholder controller”and “State of the commitment” in s. 96(1) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(l)

F48 Figure substituted by Companies Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985 (c. 9, SIF 27), s. 30, Sch. 2

F49 Figure substituted by S.I. 1986/1035 (N.I. 9), art. 23, Sch. 1 Pt. II.

F50 Definition of “subsidiary undertaking”in s. 96(1) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(m)

F51 1985 c.6: section 258 was inserted by the Companies Act 1989 (c.40), section 21.

F52 S.I. 1986/1032 (N.I.6); Article 266 was inserted by the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1990 (S.I. 1990/593 (N.I.5)), Article 23.

F53 Definitions of “supervisory authority”and “Swiss general insurance company”substituted for definition of “supervisory authority”in s. 96(1) inserted (5.1.1994) by S.I. 1993/3127, reg. 4

F54 Definition of “UK company”in s. 96(1) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(1)(n)

F55 By S.I. 1996/1669, reg. 23, Sch. 5 para. 7 (with reg. 5(6)) it is provided (18.7.1996) that s. 96(2B) shall be inserted after s. 96(3)

F56 S. 96(5) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 50(2)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C4 Definition of "chief executive" in s. 96 applied (15.5.1991) by Standard Life Assurance Company Act 1991 (c. iii), s. 14(1), Sch. reg. 1 (1); appointed day (15.5.1991) as published in the London Gazette on 19.4.1991

Marginal Citations

M7 1929 c. 23.

M8 1932 c. 7(N.I.).

M9 1908 c. 69.

M10 1923 c. 8.

M11 S.I. 1979/1574 (N.I. 13)

M12 1970 c. 35.

M13 1965 c. 12.

M14 1969 c. 24 (N.I.)

M15 1958 c. 72.

M16 1968 c. 6 (N.I.)

[F57 96A Interpretation of expressions derived from F58 . . . insurance Directives. U.K.

(1) In this Act—

(a) “the first general insurance Directive” means Council Directive 73/239/EEC of 24 July 1973 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the taking-up and pursuit of the business of direct insurance other than life assurance;

(b) “the second general insurance Directive” means Council Directive 88/357/EEC of 22 June 1988 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct insurance other than life assurance and laying down provisions to facilitate the effective exercise of freedom to provide services and amending Directive 73/239/EEC;

[F59 (c) 'the third general insurance Directive’ means Council Directive 92/49/EEC of 18 June 1992 F60 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct insurance other than life assurance and amending Directives 73/239/EEC F61 and 88/357/EEC F62 ;]

and “the general insurance Directives” means those Directives as amended and such other Directives as make provision with respect to the business of direct insurance other than life assurance.

[F63 F64 (1A) The Directives amending the general insurance Directives referred to in subsection (1) above include Council Directive 90/618/EEC amending, particularly as regards motor vehicle liability insurance, Directive 73/239/EEC and Directive 88/357/EEC.

[F63 (1B) In this Act–

(a) “the first long term insurance Directive” means Council Directive 79/267/EEC of 5 March 1979 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of direct life assurance;

(b) “the second long term insurance Directive” means Council Directive 90/619/EEC of 8 November 1990 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct life assurance, laying down provisions to facilitate the effective exercise of freedom to provide services and amending Directive 79/267/EEC;

[F65 (c) 'the third long term insurance Directive’ means Council Directive 92/96/EEC of 10 November 1992 F66 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct life assurance and amending Directives 79/267 EEC F67 and 90/619/EEC F68 ;]]

and “the long term insurance Directives” means those Directives.]

[F69 (1C) Any reference in this Act to the first or third general insurance Directive, or to the first or third long term insurance Directive, is a reference to that Directive as amended by the Prudential Supervision Directive (within the meaning of the Financial Institutions (Prudential Supervision) Regulations 1996).]

[F70 (2) In this Act, in relation to an insurance company, 'establishment’ means the head office or a branch of the company; and references to a company being established in a State mean that the company has its head office or a branch there.

Any permanent presence of an insurance company in a State other than that in which it has its head office shall be regarded as a single branch, whether that presence consists of a single office which, or two or more offices each of which—

(a) is managed by the company’s own staff;

(b) is an agency of the company; or

(c) is managed by a person who is independent but has permanent authority to act for the company in the same way as an agency.]

(3) References in this Act to the member State where the risk is situated are—

(a) where the insurance relates to buildings or to buildings and their contents (in so far as the contents are covered by the same policy), to the member State in which the property is situated;

(b) where the insurance relates to vehicles of any type, to the member State of registration;

(c) in the case of policies of a duration of four months or less covering travel or holiday risks (whatever the class concerned), to the member State where the policy holder took out the policy;

(d) in a case not covered by paragraphs (a) to (c)—

(i) where the policy holder is an individual, to the member State where he has his habitual residence [F71 at the date when the contract is entered into];

(ii) otherwise, to the member State where the establishment of the policy holder to which the policy relates is situated [F72 at that date].

[F73 (3A) In this Act references to the provision of insurance in the United Kingdom or any other EEA State are references to either or both of the following—

(a) the covering (otherwise than by way of reinsurance) of a risk situated there through an establishment in another EEA State ('the provision of general insurance’); and

(b) the covering (otherwise than by way of reinsurance) of a commitment situated there through an establishment in another EEA State ('the provision of long term insurance’).]

(4) In this Act the “ECU” means the unit of account of that name defined in Council Regulation (EEC) No. 3180/78 as amended.

The exchange rates as between the ECU and the currencies of the member States to be applied for each year beginning on 31st December shall be the rates applicable on the last day of the preceding October for which rates for the currencies of all the member States were published in the Official Journal of the Communities.]

Textual Amendments

F57 S. 96A inserted by S.I. 1990/1333, reg. 2(1)

F58 Word in side-note omitted (20.5.1993) by virtue of S.I. 1993/174, reg. 6(3)

F59 S. 96A(1)(c) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 51(1)

F60 O.J. L228, 11.8.92, page 1.

F61 O.J. L228, 16.8.73, page 3.

F62 O.J. L172, 4.7.88, page 1.

F63 S. 96A(1B) substituted (20.5.1993) by S.I. 1993/174, reg. 6(4)

F64 S. 96A(1A)(1B) inserted (19.11.1992) by S.I. 1992/2890, reg. 9(4)

F65 S. 96A(1B)(c) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 51(2)

F66 O.J. L360, 9.12.92, page 1.

F67 O.J. L63, 13.3.79, page 1.

F68 O.J. L330, 29.11.90, page 50.

F69 S. 96A(1C) inserted (18.7.1996) by S.I. 1996/1669, reg. 23, Sch. 5 para. 8

F70 S. 96A(2) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 51(3)

F71 Words in s. 96A(3)(d)(i) inserted (30.12.1994) by S.I. 1994/3132, reg. 10(4)(a)

F72 Words in s. 96A(3)(d)(ii) inserted (30.12.1994) by S.I. 1994/3132, reg. 10(4)(b)

F73 S. 96A(3A) inserted (1.7.1994) by S.I. 1994/1696, reg. 51(4)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C5 S. 96A(3) applied (3.5.1994) by S.I. 1994 c. 9, s. 73(2)

[F74 96B Meaning of “large risks”. U.K.

(1) In this Act “large risks” means—

(a) risks falling within classes 4, 5, 6, 7, 11 and 12 of Part I of Schedule 2;

(b) risks falling within classes 14 and 15 of that Part which relate to a business carried on by the policy holder;

(c) risks falling within [F75 classes 3, 8, 9, 10, 13 and 16] of that Part where the policy holder carries on a business in respect of which the condition specified in subsection (2) below is met.

(2) The condition referred to in subsection (1)(c) is that at least two of the three following criteria were exceeded in the most recent financial year for which the information is available:

• First stage: until 31st December 1992—

• balance sheet total: 12.4 million ECU

• net turnover: 24 million ECU

• number of employees: 500;

• Second stage: from 1st January 1993—

• balance sheet total: 6.2 million ECU

• net turnover: 12.8 million ECU

• number of employees: 250.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2) as it applies to a company within the meaning of section 735(1) of the Companies Act 1985 or Article 3 of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986—

(a) “balance sheet total” has the meaning given by section 247(5) of that Act or Article 255(5) of that Order,

(b) “net turnover” has the meaning given to “turnover” by section 262(1) of that Act or Article 270(1) of that Order, and

(c) “number of employees” has the meaning given by section 247(6) of that Act or Article 255(6) of that Order;

and for a financial year which is a company’s financial year but not in fact a year, the net turnover of the company shall be proportionately adjusted.

(4) Where the policy holder is a member of a group for which consolidated accounts (within the meaning of Directive 83/349/EEC are drawn up, the question whether the condition in subsection (2) is met shall be determined by reference to those accounts.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (1)(c) as it applies where the policy holder is a professional association, joint venture or temporary grouping, the question whether the condition in subsection (2) is met shall be determined by reference to the aggregate of the relevant figures for all the members of the professional association, joint venture or temporary grouping.

(6) In this section “business” includes a trade or profession and, for the purposes of subsection (1)(c), any activity of a professional association, joint venture or temporary grouping.]

Textual Amendments

F74 S. 96B inserted by S.I. 1990/1333, reg. 4

F75 Words in s. 96B(1)(c) substituted (19.11.1992) by S.I. 1992/2890, reg. 9(5)

Supplementary U.K.

97 Regulations and orders. U.K.

(1) The [F81 Treasury] may make regulations under this Act for any purpose for which regulations are authorised or required to be made thereunder.

(2) Regulations under this Act may make different provision for cases of different descriptions.

(3) Any power conferred by this Act to make regulations shall be exercisable by statutory instrument.

(4) Any statutory instrument containing regulations under this Act [F82 , except regulations under section 21A(3),] shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

Textual Amendments

F81 Word in s. 97(1) substituted (5.1.1998) by S.I. 1997/2781, art. 51(b) (with art. 7)

F82 Words inserted by Financial Services Act 1986 (c. 60, SIF 69), s. 135(2)

98 Annual report by [F83 Treasury]. U.K.

The [F83 Treasury] shall cause a general annual report of matters within this Act to be laid before Parliament.

Textual Amendments

F83 Words in s. 98 and sidenote substituted (5.1.1998) by S.I. 1997/2781, art. 51(c) (with art. 7)

99 Savings, transitionals, consequential amendments and repeals. U.K.

(1) The saving and transitional provisions specified in Schedule 4 to this Act shall have effect.

(2) The enactments mentioned in Schedule 5 to this Act shall have effect subject to the amendments there specified, being amendments consequential on the provisions of that Act.

(3) The enactments mentioned Schedule 6 to this Act are hereby repealed to the extent specified in the third column of that Schedule.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C6 S. 99(2)(3) is in the form in which it was originally enacted: it was not reproduced in Statutes in Force and does not reflect any amendments or repeals which may have been made prior to 1.2.1991.

100 Short title, commencement and extent. U.K.

(1) This Act may be cited as the Insurance Companies Act 1982.

(2) Subject to Schedule 4 to this Act, this Act shall come into force at the expiration of the period of three months beginning with the date on which it is passed.

(3) This Act F84 extends to Northern Ireland.

Textual Amendments

F84 Words inserted by Companies Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985 (c. 9, SIF 27), s. 29, Sch. 1 and repealed by S.I. 1986/1035 (N.I. 9), art 24, Sch. 2