Representation of the People Act 1983

Conduct of local government elections in England and Wales U.K.

35 Returning officers: local elections in England and Wales. U.K.

(1) In England F1 . . . [F2 every non-metropolitan county council] shall appoint an officer of the council to be the returning officer for elections of councillors of the county and every district council shall appoint an officer of the council to be the returning officer for the elections of councillors of the district and an officer of the council to be the returning officer for elections of councillors of parishes F1 . . . within the district.

[F3 (1A) In Wales the council of every county or county borough shall appoint—

(a) an officer of the council to be the returning officer for elections of councillors of the county or county borough; and

(b) an officer of the council to be the returning officer for elections of councillors of communities within the county or county borough.]

(2)

F4 (3) The returning officer at an election of London borough councillors shall be the proper officer of the borough.

[F5 (3A)]

F6 (4) The returning officer at any election mentioned in subsections (1) to ([F7 3] ) above may by writing under his hand appoint one or more persons to discharge all or any of his functions.

(5) A local government election in England and Wales is not liable to be questioned by reason of a defect in the title, or want of title, of the person presiding at or conducting the election, if that person was then in actual possession of, or acting in, the office giving the right to preside at or conduct the election.

Textual Amendments

F1 Words in s. 35(1) repealed (20.3.1995) by 1994 c. 19, s. 66(6)(8), Sch. 16 para. 68(7), Sch. 18; S.I. 1995/546, art. 3, Sch. (with arts. 4-8)

F2 Words substituted by Local Government Act 1985 (c. 51, SIF 81:1), ss. 1, 102, Sch. 16 para. 11

F3 S. 35(1A) inserted (20.3.1995 for specified purposes and otherwise 1.4.1996) by 1994 c. 19, s. 66(6), Sch. 16 para. 68(7); S.I. 1995/546, art. 3, Sch. (with arts. 4-8); S.I. 1996/396, art. 4, Sch. 2

F4 S. 35(2) repealed by Local Government Act 1985 (c. 51, SIF 81:1), ss. 1, 102, Sch. 17

F5 S. 35(3A) inserted by Local Government Act 1985 (c. 51, SIF 81:1), s. 19(5)(6), Sch. 9 para. 1(3)

F6 S. 35(3A) repealed by Education Reform Act 1988 (c. 40, SIF 41:1), ss. 231(7), 235(6), 237, Sch. 13 Pt. I

F7 Figure 3 now stands within brackets by virtue of Education Reform Act 1988 (c. 40, SIF 41:1), ss. 231(7), 235(6), 237, Sch. 12 Pt. II para. 50

36 Local elections in England and Wales. E+W+S

(1) Elections of councillors for local government areas in England and Wales shall be conducted in accordance with rules made by the Secretary of State.

(2) Rules made under this section shall apply the parliamentary elections rules in Schedule 1 to this Act, subject to such adaptations, alterations and exceptions as seem appropriate to the Secretary of State.

[F8 F9 (3) Where the polls at—

(a) the ordinary election of district councillors for any district ward or an election to fill a casual vacancy occurring in the office of such a councillor, and

(b) the ordinary election of parish F10 . . . councillors for any parish F10 . . . or an election to fill a casual vacancy occurring in the office of such a councillor,

are to be taken on the same day and the elections are for related electoral areas, the polls at those elections shall be taken together.

[F8 (3AB) Where the polls at—

(a) the ordinary election of councillors for any electoral division of a Welsh county or county borough or an election to fill a casual vacancy occurring in the office of such a councillor, and

(b) the ordinary election of community councillors for any community or an election to fill a casual vacancy occurring in the office of such a councillor,

are to be taken on the same day and the elections are for related electoral areas, the polls at those elections shall be taken together.]]

(3A) For the purposes of this section electoral areas are related if they are coterminous or if one is situated within the other.

[F11 (3AA)]

F12 (3B) Where the polls at any elections are combined under this section the cost of taking the combined polls (excluding any cost solely attributable to one election) and any cost attributable to their combination shall be apportioned equally among the elections.

(3C) The Secretary of State may by regulations make such provision as he thinks fit in connection with the combining of polls at any elections under this section including provision modifying the Representation of the People Acts in relation to such elections.

(4) All expenditure properly incurred by a returning officer in relation to the holding of an election of a councillor for a principal area (that is, a county, [F13 a county borough], a district or a London borough) shall, in so far as it does not, in cases where there is a scale fixed for the purposes of this section by the council for that area, exceed that scale, be paid by that council.

[F14 (4A)]

F15 (5) All expenditure properly incurred by a returning officer in relation to the holding of an election of a parish F16 . . . councillor shall, in so far as it does not, in cases where there is a scale fixed for the purposes of this section by the council of the district in which the parish F16 . . . is situated, exceed that scale, be paid by the district council, but any expenditure so incurred [F17 shall, if the district council so require, be repaid to that council by the council of the parish F16 . . . for which the election is held.].

[F18 (5A) All the expenditure properly incurred by a returning officer in relation to the holding of an election of a community councillor shall, in so far as it does not, in cases where there is a scale fixed for the purposes of this section by the council of the county or county borough in which the community is situated (“the principal council”), exceed that scale, be paid by the principal council; and if the principal council so require, any expenditure so incurred shall be repaid to them by the community council.]

(6) Before a poll is taken at an election of a councillor for any local government area in England and Wales the council of that area or, in the case of an election of a parish or community councillor, the council who appointed the returning officer shall, at the request of the returning officer or of any person acting as returning officer, advance to him such reasonable sum in respect of his expenses at the election as he may require.

(7) Rules made under this section shall be—

(a) made by statutory instrument;

(b) subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

Textual Amendments

F8 S. 36(3AB) inserted (20.3.1995) by 1994 c. 19, s. 66(6), Sch. 16 para. 68(8) (with ss. 54(4)(7), 55(5), Sch. 17 paras. 22(1), 23(2)); S.I. 1995/546, art. 3, Sch.

F9 S. 36(3)(3A)(3B)(3C) substituted (E.W.S.) for s. 36(3) by Representation of the People Act 1985 (c. 50, SIF 42), s. 17.

F10 Words in s. 36(3)(b) repealed (20.3.1995) by 1994 c. 19, s. 66(6)(8), Sch. 16 para. 68(8), Sch. 18 (with ss. 54(4)(7), 55(5), Sch. 17 paras. 22(1), 23(2)); S.I. 1995/546, art. 3, Sch.

F11 S. 36(3AA) inserted by Local Government Act 1985 (c. 51, SIF 81:1), s. 19(5)(6), Sch. 9 para. 1(4)(a)

F12 S. 36(3AA) repealed by Education Reform Act 1988 (c. 40, SIF 41:1), ss. 231(7), 235(6), 237, Sch. 13 Pt. I

F13 Words in s. 36(4) inserted (20.3.1995) by 1994 c. 19, s. 66(6), Sch. 16 para. 68(9) (with ss. 54(4)(7), 55(5), Sch. 17 paras. 22(1), 23(2)); S.I. 1995/546, art. 3, Sch.

F14 S. 36(4A) inserted by Local Government Act 1985 (c. 51, SIF 81:1), ss. 19(5)(6), Sch. 9 para. 1(4)(b)

F15 S. 36(4A) repealed by Education Reform Act 1988 (c. 40, SIF 41:1), ss. 231(7), 235(6), 237, Sch. 13 Pt. I

F16 Words in s. 36(5) repealed (1.4.1996) by 1994 c. 19, s. 66(6)(8), Sch. 16 para. 68(10) (with ss. 54(4)(7), 55(5), Sch. 17 paras. 22(1), 23(2)); S.I. 1996/396, art. 4, Sch. 2

F17 Words in s. 36(5) substituted (G.B.) by S.I. 1991/1730, art. 2(2), Sch. 2 Pt.I.

F18 S. 36(5A) inserted (1.4.1996) by 1994 c. 19, s. 66(6), Sch. 16 para. 68(10) (with ss. 54(4)(7), 55(5), Sch. 17 paras. 22(1), 23(2)); S.I. 1996/396, art. 4, Sch. 2

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 S. 36(4) modified (E.W.) by S.I. 1986/1081, reg. 99(1)

C2 S. 36(4) excluded (5.7.1994) by 1972 c. 70, s. 37, Sch. 5 para. 3(2) (as substituted (5.7.1994) by 1994 c. 19, ss. 3, 66(2)(b), Sch. 3 (with ss. 54(4)(7), 55(5), Sch. 17 paras. 22(1), 23(2))

S. 36(4) excluded (1.3.1995) by S.I. 1995/493, arts. 1, 9(6)

S. 36(4) excluded (8.3.1995) by S.I. 1995/600, arts. 1, 7(7)

S. 36(4) excluded (8.3.1995) by S.I. 1995/610, arts. 1, 8(2)

C3 S. 36(5) modified (E.W.) by S.I. 1986/1081, reg. 99(1)

C4 S. 36(6) modified (E.W.) by S.I. 1986/1081, reg. 99(1)(2)

37 Ordinary day of local elections in England and Wales. U.K.

In every year the ordinary day of election of councillors is the same for all local government areas in England and Wales and is—

(a) the first Thursday in May;

(b) such other day as may be fixed by the Secretary of State by order made not later than 1st February in the year preceding [F19 the year (or, in the case of an order affecting more than one year, the first year)] in which the order is to take effect.

The power to make an order under this section is exercisable by statutory instrument.

Textual Amendments

F19 Words substituted by Representation of the People Act 1985 (c. 50, SIF 42), s. 18(2)

Valid from 30/12/2007

[F20 37A Power to change date of local elections to date of European Parliamentary general election: England U.K.

(1) The Secretary of State may by order provide that in a year in which a European Parliamentary general election is to be held—

(a) the ordinary day of election of councillors for counties in England, districts and London boroughs,

(b) the ordinary day of election of councillors for parishes, and

(c) as respects Authority elections, the day on which the poll is to be held at an ordinary election,

shall be changed so as to be the same as the date of the poll at the European Parliamentary general election.

(2) An order under subsection (1) may make provision under all of paragraphs (a) to (c) or under one or more of those paragraphs.

(3) An order under subsection (1) must relate to a single year and must be made at least six months before—

(a) the local election day in that year, or

(b) if earlier, the date of the poll at the European Parliamentary general election in that year.

(4) For this purpose “the local election day” in a particular year is—

(a) the first Thursday in May, or

(b) if an order has been made under section 37(1)(b) (power to change date of council and Assembly elections) in relation to that year, the day specified in the order.

(5) Before making an order under this section, the Secretary of State must consult—

(a) the Electoral Commission, and

(b) such other persons as he considers appropriate.

(6) An order under subsection (1) may make incidental, supplementary or consequential provision or savings.

(7) Where the Welsh Ministers make an order under section 37B, the Secretary of State may by order make such consequential provision in relation to elections in England as he thinks fit.

(8) The powers under subsections (6) and (7) include power to make—

(a) different provision for different purposes;

(b) provision disapplying or modifying the application of an enactment or an instrument made under an enactment.

(9) An order under this section must be made by statutory instrument.

(10) A statutory instrument containing an order made under this section may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before and approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.

Textual Amendments

F20 Ss. 37A, 37B inserted (30.12.2007) by Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 (c. 28), ss. 60(2), 245

Valid from 30/12/2007

37B Power to change date of local elections to date of European Parliamentary general election: Wales U.K.

(1) The Welsh Ministers may by order provide that, in a year in which a European Parliamentary general election is to be held, the ordinary day of election of councillors for—

(a) counties in Wales and county boroughs, and

(b) communities,

shall be changed so as to be the same as the date of the poll at the European Parliamentary general election.

(2) An order under subsection (1) may make provision under paragraphs (a) and (b) or under one of those paragraphs.

(3) An order under subsection (1) must relate to a single year and must be made at least six months before—

(a) the local election day in that year, or

(b) if earlier, the date of the poll at the European Parliamentary general election in that year.

(4) For this purpose “the local election day” in a particular year is—

(a) the first Thursday in May, or

(b) if an order has been made under section 37(1)(b) (power to change date of council and Assembly elections) in relation to that year, the day specified in the order.

(5) Before making an order under this section, the Welsh Ministers must consult—

(a) the Electoral Commission, and

(b) such other persons as they consider appropriate.

(6) An order under subsection (1) may make incidental, supplementary or consequential provision or savings.

(7) Where the Secretary of State makes an order under section 37A, the Welsh Ministers may by order make such consequential provision in relation to elections in Wales as they think fit.

(8) The powers under subsections (6) and (7) include power to make—

(a) different provision for different purposes;

(b) provision disapplying or modifying the application of an enactment or an instrument made under an enactment.

(9) An order under this section must be made by statutory instrument.

(10) A statutory instrument containing an order made under this section may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before and approved by a resolution of the National Assembly for Wales.]

Textual Amendments

F20 Ss. 37A, 37B inserted (30.12.2007) by Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 (c. 28), ss. 60(2), 245

F21 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.K.

Textual Amendments

F21 S. 38 repealed by Representation of the People Act 1985 (c. 50, SIF 42), ss. 24, 28 Sch. 4 para. 7, Sch. 5

39 Local elections void etc. in England and Wales. U.K.

(1) If in England and Wales at an election of a councillor for a local government area—

(a) the poll is countermanded or abandoned for any reason, or

(b) no person is or remains, or an insufficient number of persons are or remain, validly nominated to fill the vacancy or vacancies in respect of which the election is held,

the returning officer F22 shall order an election to fill any vacancy which remains unfilled to be held on a day appointed by him.

That day shall be within the period of [F23 35 days] (computed acccording to section 40 below) beginning with the day fixed as the day of election for the first mentioned election.

[F24 (1A)]

F25 (2) If for any other reason an election to an office under the M1 Local Government Act 1972 F26 , other than that of chairman of a parish or community council or parish meeting or parish or community councillor, is not held on the appointed day or within the appointed time, or fails either wholly or in part or becomes void, the High Court may order an election to be held on a day appointed by the court.

(3) The High Court may order that the costs incurred by any person in connection with proceedings under subsection (2) above shall be paid by the local authority concerned.

(4) In a case not falling within subsection (1) above—

(a) if any difficulty arises with respect to an election of parish or community councillors or of an individual parish or community councillor, or to the first meeting of a parish or community council after an ordinary election of parish or community councillors, or

(b) if a parish or community council is not properly constituted because an election is not held or is defective or for any other reason,

the district council [F27 or Welsh county or county borough council]—

(i) may by order make any appointment or do anything which appears to them necessary or expedient for the proper holding of such an election or meeting and properly constituting the council, and

(ii) may, if it appears to them necessary, direct the holding of an election or meeting and fix the date for it.

(5) Where an election is ordered to be held under this section—

(a) rules under section 36 above relating to the notice to be given of an election and the manner in which an election is to be conducted apply in relation to the election so ordered to be held as they applied or would have applied in relation to the election which has not been duly held or has failed or become void;

(b) no fresh nomination is necessary in the case of a candidate who remains validly nominated for that election.

(6) An order made—

(a) under this section may include such modifications of the provisions of—

(i) this Part of this Act (and the rules under section 36), and

(ii) the M2 Local Government Act 1972 F26 ,

as appear to the High Court, or, as the case may be, the district council [F27 or Welsh county or county borough council], necessary or expedient for carrying the order into effect;

(b) by a F28 . . . council under subsection (4) above with respect to an election of parish or community councillors may modify the provisions of—

(i) this Act (and the rules with respect to such elections under section 36); and

(ii) any other enactment relating to such elections.

(7) In the case of a common parish council under which are grouped, by virtue of section 11(5) of the Local Government Act 1972 (grouping of parishes), parishes situated in different districts, references in subsections (4) and (6) above to the district council shall be construed as references to the council of the district in which there is the greater number of local government electors for the parishes in the group.

(8)

F29 (9) If a municipal election in a London borough is not held on the appointed day or within the appointed time or becomes void, the municipal corporation shall not thereby be dissolved or be disabled from acting.

Textual Amendments

F22 Words repealed by Local Government Act 1985 (c. 51, SIF 81:1), ss. 1, 102, Sch. 17

F23 Words substituted by Representation of the People Act 1985 (c. 50, SIF 42), s. 19(2)

F24 S. 39(1A) inserted after s. 39(1) by Local Government Act 1985 (c. 51, SIF 81:1), s. 19(5)(6), Sch. 9 para. 1(5)

F25 S. 39(1A) repealed by Education Reform Act 1988 (c. 40, SIF 41:1), ss. 231(7), 235(6), 237, Sch. 13 Pt. I

F26 Words repealed by Education Reform Act 1988 (c. 4, SIF 41:1), ss. 231(7), 235(6), 237, Sch. 13 Pt. I

F27 Words in s. 39(4)(6)(a) inserted (1.4.1996) by 1994 c. 19, s. 66(6), Sch. 16 para. 68(11)(a) (with ss. 54(4)(7), 55(5), Sch. 17 paras. 22(1), 23(2)); S.I. 1996/396, art. 4, Sch. 2

F28 Word in s. 39(6)(b) repealed (1.4.1996) by 1994 c. 19, s. 66(6)(8), Sch. 16 para. 68(11)(b) (with ss. 54(4)(7), 55(5), Sch. 17 paras. 22(1), 23(2)); S.I. 1996/396, art. 4, Sch. 2

F29 S. 39(8) repealed by Representation of the People Act 1985 (c. 50, SIF 42), ss. 24, 28, Sch. 4 para. 8, Sch. 5

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C5 S. 39(1) restricted (E.W.S.) by Representation of the People Act 1985 (c. 50, SIF 42), s. 21(2)(c)

C6 S. 39(4) modified (E.W.S.) by Representation of the People Act 1985 (c. 50, SIF 42), s. 21(2)(b)

C7 S. 39(7) applied (E.W.S.) by Representation of the People Act 1985 (c. 50, SIF 42), s. 21(3)

Marginal Citations

M1 1972 c. 70

M2 1972 c. 70.

40 Timing as to local elections in England and Wales. U.K.

(1) When the day on which anything is required to be done by section 37 or section 39 above [F30 or section 16 of the Representation of the People Act 1985] is a [F31 Saturday, Sunday, Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, bank holiday] or a day appointed for public thanksgiving or mourning, the requirement shall be deemed to relate to the first day thereafter which is not one of the days specified above.

F32 (2) Where under subsection (1) above the day of election is postponed, the day to which it is postponed shall be treated for the purposes of this Act [F33 and the M3 Local Government Act 1972] as the day of election.

(3) In computing any period of time for the purpose of any rules under section 36 above or for the purposes of section 39 any day specified in subsection (1) shall be disregarded; but where between the giving of a notice of election and the completion of the poll a day is declared to be a bank holiday or day of public thanksgiving or mourning, the foregoing provision, so far as it relates to any such rules, shall not operate to invalidate any act which would have been valid apart from that provision.

This subsection, so far as it relates to any such rules, has effect subject to the provisions of those rules.

Textual Amendments

F30 Words inserted (E.W.S.) by Representation of the People Act 1985 (c. 50, SIF 42), s. 16(2)

F31 Words substituted by Representation of the People Act 1985 (c. 50, SIF 42), s. 19(1)(a)

F32 Words repealed by Representation of the People Act 1985 (c. 50, SIF 42), ss. 19(1)(b), 28, Sch. 5

F33 The words “and the Local Government Act 1972” now stand in the text by virtue of the Education Reform Act 1988 (c. 40, SIF 41:1), ss. 231(7), 235(6), 237, Sch. 12 Pt. II para. 51

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C8 S. 40(3) applied (E.W.S.) by Representation of the People Act 1985 (c. 50, SIF 42), s. 21(3)

Marginal Citations

M3 1972 c. 70.