S. 77 applied (with modifications) (7.8.1991) by S.I. 1991/1773, art. 8(2)(3), Sch. 2; s. 77 applied (with modifications) (10.1.1992) by S.I. 1991/2913, art. 8(2)(3), Sch. 2; and s. 77 excluded (20.9.2000) by 2000 c. vii, s. 45(4)

S. 77: certain functions transferred (7.8.1991) by S.I. 1991/1773, art. 8(1)(3), Sch. 2; and certain functions transferred (10.1.1992) by S.I. 1991/2913, art. 8(1)(3), Sch. 2

S. 77(3) inserted by Housing and Planning Act 1986 (c. 63, SIF 15), s. 40, Sch. 9 para. 6(2)

Words substituted by Planning (Consequential Provisions) Act 1990 (c. 11, SIF 123:1, 2), s. 4, Sch. 2 para. 67(3)

Words in s. 77(1) inserted (1.10.2023 except in relation to W., 6.4.2024 for W.) by Building Safety Act 2022 (c. 30), s. 170(4)(b)(c), Sch. 6 para. 20; S.I. 2023/993, reg. 2(o)(i) (with reg. 6); S.I. 2024/207, reg. 2(d)(xii) (with regs. 3, 4, 8-12)

Words in s. 77(1) substituted (1.10.2023 except in relation to W., 6.4.2024 for W.) by Building Safety Act 2022 (c. 30), s. 170(4)(b)(c), Sch. 6 para. 9(n); S.I. 2023/993, reg. 2(o)(i) (with reg. 6); S.I. 2024/207, reg. 2(d)(xii) (with regs. 3, 4, 8-12)

Words in s. 77(3) inserted (4.11.2024) by Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2023 (asc 3), s. 212(2), Sch. 13 para. 63 (with Sch. 14 paras. 1-3); S.I. 2024/860, art. 3(d)

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/55/section/77Building Act 1984 An Act to consolidate certain enactments concerning building and buildings and related matters.1984-10-31texttext/xmlenStatute Law Database2024-11-09Expert Participation2024-11-04Part III Other Provisions about Buildings Defective premises, demolition etc.
77 Dangerous building.1

If it appears to a local authority that a building or structure, or part of a building or structure, is in such a condition, or is used to carry such loads, as to be dangerous, the authority may apply to the appropriate court or tribunal, and the court or tribunal may—

a

where danger arises from the condition of the building or structure, make an order requiring the owner thereof—

i

to execute such work as may be necessary to obviate the danger or,

ii

if he so elects, to demolish the building or structure, or any dangerous part of it, and remove any rubbish resulting from the demolition, or

b

where danger arises from overloading of the building or structure, make an order restricting its use until the appropriate court or tribunal, being satisfied that any necessary works have been executed, withdraws or modifies the restriction.

2

If the person on whom an order is made under subsection (1)(a) above fails to comply with the order within the time specified, the local authority may—

a

execute the order in such manner as they think fit, and

b

recover the expenses reasonably incurred by them in doing so from the person in default,

and, without prejudice to the right of the authority to exercise those powers, the person is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 1 on the standard scale.

3

This section has effect subject to section 79A and to the provisions the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 relating to listed buildings, buildings subject to building preservation notices and buildings in conservation areas.

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<note class="commentary C" eId="c927891">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/55/section/77">S. 77</ref>
applied (with modifications) (7.8.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/1773">S.I. 1991/1773</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/1773/article/8/2/3">art. 8(2)(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/1773/schedule/2">Sch. 2</ref>
; s. 77 applied (with modifications) (10.1.1992) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/2913">S.I. 1991/2913</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/2913/article/8/2/3">art. 8(2)(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/2913/schedule/2">Sch. 2</ref>
; and s. 77 excluded (20.9.2000) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukla/2000/7">2000 c. vii</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukla/2000/7/section/45/4">s. 45(4)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c927901">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/55/section/77">S. 77</ref>
: certain functions transferred (7.8.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/1773">S.I. 1991/1773</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/1773/article/8/1/3">art. 8(1)(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/1773/schedule/2">Sch. 2</ref>
; and certain functions transferred (10.1.1992) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/2913">S.I. 1991/2913</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/2913/article/8/1/3">art. 8(1)(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/2913/schedule/2">Sch. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c927911">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/55/section/77/3">S. 77(3)</ref>
inserted by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1986/63">Housing and Planning Act 1986 (c. 63, SIF 15)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1986/63/section/40">s. 40</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1986/63/schedule/9/paragraph/6/2">Sch. 9 para. 6(2)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c927921">
<p>
Words substituted by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/11">Planning (Consequential Provisions) Act 1990 (c. 11, SIF 123:1, 2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/11/section/4">s. 4</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/11/schedule/2/paragraph/67/3">Sch. 2 para. 67(3)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-552dab0efe0e6c14d45cfb7166b93ccd">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/55/section/77/1">s. 77(1)</ref>
inserted (1.10.2023 except in relation to W., 6.4.2024 for W.) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2022/30">Building Safety Act 2022 (c. 30)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2022/30/section/170/4/b">s. 170(4)(b)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2022/30/section/170/4/c">(c)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2022/30/schedule/6/paragraph/20">Sch. 6 para. 20</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2023/993">S.I. 2023/993</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2023/993/regulation/2/o/i">reg. 2(o)(i)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2023/993/regulation/6">reg. 6</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/207">S.I. 2024/207</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/207/regulation/2/d/xii">reg. 2(d)(xii)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/207/regulation/3">regs. 3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/207/regulation/4">4</ref>
,
<rref from="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/207/regulation/8" upTo="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/207/regulation/12">8-12</rref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-970f46d5a2e22447e3831eee354cd88b">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/55/section/77/1">s. 77(1)</ref>
substituted (1.10.2023 except in relation to W., 6.4.2024 for W.) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2022/30">Building Safety Act 2022 (c. 30)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2022/30/section/170/4/b">s. 170(4)(b)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2022/30/section/170/4/c">(c)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2022/30/schedule/6/paragraph/9/n">Sch. 6 para. 9(n)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2023/993">S.I. 2023/993</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2023/993/regulation/2/o/i">reg. 2(o)(i)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2023/993/regulation/6">reg. 6</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/207">S.I. 2024/207</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/207/regulation/2/d/xii">reg. 2(d)(xii)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/207/regulation/3">regs. 3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/207/regulation/4">4</ref>
,
<rref from="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/207/regulation/8" upTo="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/207/regulation/12">8-12</rref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-814eed9ef9f96cc1db4cb6f69c58754e">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/55/section/77/3">s. 77(3)</ref>
inserted (4.11.2024) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asc/2023/3">Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2023 (asc 3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asc/2023/3/section/212/2">s. 212(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asc/2023/3/schedule/13/paragraph/63">Sch. 13 para. 63</ref>
(with
<rref from="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asc/2023/3/schedule/14/paragraph/1" upTo="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asc/2023/3/schedule/14/paragraph/3">Sch. 14 paras. 1-3</rref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/860">S.I. 2024/860</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/860/article/3/d">art. 3(d)</ref>
</p>
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<ukm:AffectedTitle>Building Act 1984</ukm:AffectedTitle>
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<ukm:AffectingTitle>Building Safety Act 2022</ukm:AffectingTitle>
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<ukm:Section Ref="schedule" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/207/schedule">Sch.</ukm:Section>
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<ukm:Section Ref="regulation-3" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/207/regulation/3">reg. 3</ukm:Section>
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<ukm:Section Ref="regulation-8" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/wsi/2024/207/regulation/8">8</ukm:Section>
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<ukm:AffectedTitle>Building Act 1984</ukm:AffectedTitle>
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<ukm:AffectingTitle>Sustainable and Secure Buildings Act 2004</ukm:AffectingTitle>
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<ukm:AffectingTitle>Infrastructure Act 2015</ukm:AffectingTitle>
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<ukm:Section Ref="section-37-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2015/7/section/37/2">s. 37(2)</ukm:Section>
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<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/55/schedule/1">Sch. 1 </ukm:Section>
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<ukm:Section Ref="section-37-4" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2015/7/section/37/4">s. 37(4)</ukm:Section>
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<ukm:Section Ref="section-57-5-a" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2015/7/section/57/5/a">s. 57(5)(a)</ukm:Section>
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<portionBody period="#period2">
<part eId="part-III" period="#period2">
<num>
<strong>Part III</strong>
</num>
<heading> Other Provisions about Buildings</heading>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="part-III-crossheading-defective-premises-demolition-etc" period="#period2">
<heading>
Defective premises, demolition
<abbr title="et cetera" xml:lang="la">etc.</abbr>
</heading>
<section eId="section-77" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c927891" marker="C1" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#c927901" marker="C2" class="commentary C"/>
77
</num>
<heading> Dangerous building.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-77-1" period="#period1">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>
If it appears to a local authority that a building or structure, or part of a building or structure, is in such a condition, or is used to carry such loads, as to be dangerous, the authority may apply to
<ins class="key-970f46d5a2e22447e3831eee354cd88b-1695978683405 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-970f46d5a2e22447e3831eee354cd88b" marker="F4" class="commentary attribute F"/>
the appropriate court or tribunal
</ins>
, and the court
<ins class="key-552dab0efe0e6c14d45cfb7166b93ccd-1695978739192 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-552dab0efe0e6c14d45cfb7166b93ccd" marker="F3" class="commentary attribute F"/>
or tribunal
</ins>
may—
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-77-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<intro>
<p>where danger arises from the condition of the building or structure, make an order requiring the owner thereof—</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="section-77-1-a-i">
<num>i</num>
<content>
<p>to execute such work as may be necessary to obviate the danger or,</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="section-77-1-a-ii">
<num>ii</num>
<content>
<p>if he so elects, to demolish the building or structure, or any dangerous part of it, and remove any rubbish resulting from the demolition, or</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-77-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>
where danger arises from overloading of the building or structure, make an order restricting its use until
<ins class="key-970f46d5a2e22447e3831eee354cd88b-1695978707798 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-970f46d5a2e22447e3831eee354cd88b" marker="F4" class="commentary attribute F"/>
the appropriate court or tribunal
</ins>
, being satisfied that any necessary works have been executed, withdraws or modifies the restriction.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-77-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>If the person on whom an order is made under subsection (1)(a) above fails to comply with the order within the time specified, the local authority may—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-77-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>execute the order in such manner as they think fit, and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-77-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>recover the expenses reasonably incurred by them in doing so from the person in default,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>and, without prejudice to the right of the authority to exercise those powers, the person is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 1 on the standard scale.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-77-3">
<num>
<ins class="d29p6262 first">
<noteRef href="#c927911" marker="F1" class="commentary attribute F"/>
3
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p6262">This section has effect subject to </ins>
<ins class="d29p6262">
<ins class="key-814eed9ef9f96cc1db4cb6f69c58754e-1731145807522 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-814eed9ef9f96cc1db4cb6f69c58754e" marker="F5" class="commentary attribute F"/>
section 79A and to
</ins>
</ins>
<ins class="d29p6262"> the provisions </ins>
<ins class="d29p6262">
<ins class="d29p6269 first last">
<noteRef href="#c927921" marker="F2" class="commentary attribute F"/>
the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990
</ins>
</ins>
<ins class="d29p6262"> relating to listed buildings, buildings subject to building preservation </ins>
<ins class="d29p6262">
<ins class="d29p6273 first last">
<noteRef href="#c927921" marker="F2" class="commentary attribute F"/>
notices
</ins>
</ins>
<ins class="d29p6262 last"> and buildings in conservation areas.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
</hcontainer>
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