Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984

Part XI U.K. Miscellaneous and Supplementary

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 Pt. XI incorporated (E.W.S.) (16.5.2008) by The London Gateway Port Harbour Empowerment Order 2008 (S.I. 2008/1261), art. 52

113 Application of Act to Armed Forces. U.K.

(1) The Secretary of State may by order direct that any provision of [F1 Part 5 of this Act (or Part 11 of this Act so far as relating to that Part)] which relates to investigations of offences conducted by police officers or to persons detained by the police shall apply, subject to such modifications as he may specify, to investigations of offences conducted under the M1 Army Act 1955, the M2 Air Force Act 1955 or the M3 Naval Discipline Act 1957 or to persons under arrest under any of those Acts.

(2) Section 67(9) above shall not have effect in relation to investigations of offences conducted under the Army Act 1955, the Air Force Act 1955 or the Naval Discipline Act 1957.

(3) The Secretary of State shall issue a code of practice, or a number of such codes, for persons other than police officers who are concerned [F2 with

(a) the exercise of the powers conferred by Part 2 of the Armed Forces Act 2001, or

(b) enquiries into offences under the Army Act 1955, the Air Force Act 1955 or the Naval Discipline Act 1957.]

[F3 (3A) In subsections (4) to (10), “code” means a code of practice under subsection (3).]

(4) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (3) above, a code F4 . . . may contain provisions, in connection with [F5 the powers mentioned in subsection (3)(a) above or the enquiries mentioned in subsection (3)(b) above], as to the following matters—

(a) the tape-recording of interviews;

(b) searches of persons and premises; and

(c) the seizure of things found on searches.

[F6 (5) The Secretary of State may at any time revise the whole or any part of a code.

(6) A code may be made, or revised, so as to—

(a) apply only in relation to one or more specified areas,

(b) have effect only for a specified period,

(c) apply only in relation to specified offences or descriptions of offender.

(7) The Secretary of State must lay a code, or any revision of a code, before Parliament.]

(8) A failure on the part of any person to comply with any provision of a code F7 . . . shall not of itself render him liable to any criminal or civil proceedings except those to which this subsection applies.

(9) Subsection (8) above applies—

(a) to proceedings under any provision of the M4 Army Act 1955 or the M5 Air Froce Act 1955 other than section 70; and

(b) to proceedings under any provision of the M6 Naval Discipline Act 1957 other than section 42.

(10) In all criminal and civil proceedings any F8 . . . code shall be admissible in evidence and if any provision of F8 . . . a code appears to the court or tribunal conducting the proceedings to be relevant to any question arising in the proceedings it shall be taken into account in determining that question.

(11) In subsection (10) above “criminal proceedings” includes—

(a) proceedings in the United Kingdom or elsewhere before a court-martial constituted under the Army Act 1955, the Air Force Act 1955 or the Naval Discipline Act 1957 F9 . . .

(b) proceedings before the Courts-Martial Appeal Court; and

(c) proceedings before a Standing Civilian Court.

(12) Parts VII and VIII of this Act have effect for the purposes of proceedings—

(a) before a court-martial constituted under the M7 Army Act 1955 or the M8 Air Force Act 1955;

(b) before the Courts-Martial Appeal Court; and

(c) before a Standing Civilian Court,

subject to any modifications which the Secretary of State may by order specify.

(13) An order under this section shall be made by statutory instrument and shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

Textual Amendments

F1 Words in s. 113(1) substituted (30.9.2003) by 2001 c. 19, ss. 13(1)(2), 39(2) (with s. 16(7)); S.I. 2003/2268, art. 2

F2 S. 113(3)(a)(b) and preceding word substituted (30.9.2003) for words in s. 113(3) by 2001 c. 19, ss. 13(1)(3), 39(2) (with s. 16(7)); S.I. 2003/2268, art. 2

F3 S. 113(3A) inserted (20.1.2004) by Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44), ss. 11(3), 336; S.I. 2004/81, art. 2(1)(2)(a)

F4 Words in s. 113(4) repealed (20.1.2004) by Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44), ss. 332, 336, Sch. 37 Pt. 1; S.I. 2004/81, art. 2(1)(2)(g)(i)

F5 Words in s. 113(4) substituted (30.9.2003) by 2001 c. 19, ss. 13(1)(4), 39(2) (with s. 16(7)); S.I. 2003/2268, art. 2

F6 S. 113(5)-(7) substituted (20.1.2004) by Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44), ss. 11(4), 336; S.I. 2004/81, art. 2(1)(2)(a)

F7 Words in s. 113(8) repealed (20.1.2004) by Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44), ss. 332, 336, Sch. 37 Pt. 1; S.I. 2004/81, art. 2(1)(2)(g)(i)

F8 Word in s. 113(10) repealed (20.1.2004) by Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44), ss. 332, 336, Sch. 37 Pt. 1; S.I. 2004/81, art. 2(1)(2)(g)(i)

F9 Words in s. 113(11)(a) repealed (28.2.2002) by 2001 c. 19, s. 38, Sch. 7 Pt. I; S.I. 2002/345, art. 2 (subject to art. 3)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C2 S. 113(12) applied (with modifications) (2.10.2000) by S.I. 2000/2370, rule 27(1)(e)(2)

S. 113(12) applied (with modifications) (2.10.2000) by S.I. 2000/2371, rule 27(1)(d)(2)

S. 113(12) applied (with modifications) (2.10.2000) by S.I. 2000/2372, rule 27(1)(d)(2)

Marginal Citations

M1 1955 c. 18.

M2 1955 c. 19.

M3 1957 c. 53.

M4 1955 c. 18.

M5 1955 c. 19.

M6 1957 c. 53.

M7 1955 c. 18.

M8 1955 c. 19.

114 Application of Act to Customs and Excise. U.K.

(1) “Arrested”, “arresting”, “arrest” and “to arrest” shall respectively be substituted for “detained”, “detaining”, “detention” and “to detain” wherever in the customs and excise Acts, as defined in section 1(1) of the M9 Customs and Excise Management Act 1979, those words are used in relation to persons.

(2) The Treasury may by order direct—

(a) that any provision of this Act which relates to investigations of offences conducted by police officers or to persons detained by the police shall apply, subject to such modifications as the order may specify, to investigations conducted by officers of Customs and Excise of offences which relate to assigned matters, as defined in section 1 of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979, or to persons detained by officers of Customs and Excise; and

(b) that, in relation to investigations of offences conducted by officers of Customs and Excise—

(i) this Act shall have effect as if the following section were inserted after section 14—

“14A Exception for Customs and Excise.

Material in the possession of a person who acquired or created it in the course of any trade, business, profession or other occupation or for the purpose of any paid or unpaid office and which relates to an assigned matter, as defined in section 1 of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979, is neither excluded material nor special procedure material for the purposes of any enactment such as is mentioned in section 9(2) above.”; and

(ii) section 55 above shall have effect as if it related only to things such as are mentioned in subsection (1)(a) of that section.

(3) Nothing in any order under subsection (2) above shall be taken to limit any powers exercisable under section 164 of the M10 Customs and Excise Management Act 1979.

(4) In this section “officers of Customs and Excise” means officers commissioned by the Commissioners of Customs and Excise under section 6(3) of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979.

(5) An order under this section shall be made by statutory instrument and shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C3 S. 114(2) extended (1.4.2003) by 2001 c. 16, ss. 67, 138(2); S.I. 2003/708, art. 2(c)

Marginal Citations

M9 1979 c. 2.

M10 1979 c. 2.

[F10 114A Power to apply Act to officers of the Secretary of State etc. E+W

(1) The Secretary of State may by order direct that—

(a) the provisions of Schedule 1 to this Act so far as they relate to special procedure material, and

(b) the other provisions of this Act so far as they relate to the provisions falling within paragraph (a) above,

shall apply, with such modifications as may be specified in the order, for the purposes of investigations falling within subsection (2) as they apply for the purposes of investigations of offences conducted by police officers.

(2) An investigation falls within this subsection if—

(a) it is conducted by an officer of the department of the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry or by another person acting on that Secretary of State’s behalf;

(b) it is conducted by that officer or other person in the discharge of a duty to investigate offences; and

(c) the investigation relates to a serious arrestable offence or to anything which there are reasonable grounds for suspecting has involved the commission of a serious arrestable offence.

(3) The investigations for the purposes of which provisions of this Act may be applied with modifications by an order under this section include investigations of offences committed, or suspected of having been committed, before the coming into force of the order or of this section.

(4) An order under this section shall be made by statutory instrument and shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.]

Textual Amendments

F10 S. 114A inserted (11.7.2001) by 2001 c 16, ss. 85, 138(4)

115 Expenses. U.K.

Any expenses of a Minister of the Crown incurred in consequence of the provisions of this Act, including any increase attributable to those provisions in sums payable under any other Act, shall be defrayed out of money provided by Parliament.

116 Meaning of “serious arrestable offence”. E+W

(1) This section has effect for determining whether an offence is a serious arrestable offence for the purposes of this Act.

(2) The following arrestable offences are always serious—

(a) an offence (whether at common law or under any enactment) specified in Part I of Schedule 5 to this Act; and

F11 (aa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) an offence under an enactment specified in Part II of that Schedule

[F12 (c) any offence which is specified in paragraph 1 of Schedule 2 to the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (drug trafficking offences),

(d) any offence under section 327, 328 or 329 of that Act (certain money laundering offences).]

(3) Subject to [F13 subsection (4)] below, any other arrestable offence is serious only if its commission—

(a) has led to any of the consequences specified in subsection (6) below; or

(b) is intended or is likely to lead to any of those consequences.

(4) An arrestable offence which consists of making a threat is serious if carrying out the threat would be likely to lead to any of the consequences specified in subsection (6) below.

[F14 (5) An offence under [F15 section 2, 8, 9, 10, or 11 of the Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1989] is always a serious arrestable offence for the purposes of section 56 or 58 above, and an attempt to commit any such offence is also always a serious arrestable offence for those purposes.]

(6) The consequences mentioned in subsections (3) and (4) above are

(a) serious harm to the security of the State or to public order;

(b) serious interference with the administration of justice or with the investigation of offences or of a particular offence;

(c) the death of any person;

(d) serious injury to any person;

(e) substantial financial gain to any person; and

(f) serious financial loss to any person.

(7) Loss is serious for the purposes of this section if, having regard to all the circumstances, it is serious for the person who suffers it.

(8) In this section “injury” includes any disease and any impairment of a person’s physical or mental condition.

Textual Amendments

F11 S. 116(2)(aa) repealed (3.2.1995) by 1994 c. 37, ss. 65(1), 67(1), 69(2), Sch. 1 para. 9, Sch. 3

F12 S. 116(2)(c)(d) and preceding word substituted (24.2.2003) for s. 116(2)(c) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), ss. 456, 458(1)(3), Sch. 11 para. 14(4); S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (subject to transitional provisions and savings in arts. 3-7) (as amended by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14 (as amended by S.I. 2003/531, arts. 3, 4))

F13 Words in s. 116(3) substituted (19.2.2001) by 2000 c. 11, s. 125(1), Sch. 15 para. 5(11)(a) (with s. 129(1)); S.I. 2001/421, art. 2

F14 S. 116(5) repealed (19.2.2001) by 2000 c. 11, s. 125, Sch. 15 para. 5(11)(b), Sch. 16 Pt. I (with s. 129(1)); S.I. 2001/421, art. 2

F15 Words substituted by Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1989 (c. 4, SIF 39:2), s. 25(1), Sch. 8 para. 6(7)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C4 S. 116 applied (1.11.1999) by 1999 c. 8, s. 24(10)(a); S.I. 1999/2793, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. 2

117 Power of constable to use reasonable force. E+W

Where any provision of this Act—

(a) confers a power on a constable; and

(b) does not provide that the power may only be exercised with the consent of some person, other than a police officer,

the officer may use reasonable force, if necessary, in the exercise of the power.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C5 S. 117 applied (with modifications) (1.1.1986) by S.I. 1985/1882, art. 11;

S. 117 applied (with modifications) (1.2.1997) by S.I. 1997/15, art. 2(1), Sch.

S. 117 applied (with modifications) (31.12.2006) by The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (Application to the Armed Forces) Order 2006 (S.I. 2006/2015), arts. 2, 3, Schs. 1-3

118 General interpretation. U.K.

(1) In this Act—

• “arrestable offence” has the meaning assigned to it by section 24 above;

• [F16 “British Transport Police Force” means the constables appointed under section 53 of the British Transport Commission Act 1949 (c. xxix);]

• “designated police station” has the meaning assigned to it by section 35 above;

• “document” [F17 means anything in which information of any description is recorded.];

• F18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• “item subject to legal privilege” has the meaning assigned to it by section 10 above;

• “parent or guardian” means—

  (a)

  in the case of a child or young person in the care of a local authority, that authority; F19 . . .

  (b)

  F19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• “premises” has the meaning assigned to it by section 23 above;

• “recordable offence” means any offence to which regulations under section 27 above apply;

• “vessel” includes any ship, boat, raft or other apparatus constructed or adapted for floating on water.

(2) [F20 Subject to subsection (2A)] a person is in police detention for the purposes of this Act if—

[F21 (a) he has been taken to a police station after being arrested for an offence or after being arrested under section 41 of the Terrorism Act 2000, or]

(b) he is arrested at a police station after attending voluntarily at the station or accompanying a constable to it,

and is detained there or is detained elsewhere in the charge of a constable, except that a person who is at a court after being charged is not in police detention for those purposes.

[F22 (2A) Where a person is in another’s lawful custody by virtue of paragraph 22, 34(1) or 35(3) of Schedule 4 to the Police Reform Act 2002, he shall be treated as in police detention.]

Extent Information

E1 For the extent of this Act see s. 120(11)

Textual Amendments

F16 Words in s. 118(1) inserted (14.12.2001) by 2001 c 24, s. 101, Sch. 7 para. 14

F17 Words in definition of "document" in s. 118(1) substituted (31.1.1997) by 1995 c. 38, s. 15(1), Sch. 1 para. 9(3) (with ss. 1(3), 6(4)(5), 14); S.I. 1996/3217, art. 2

F18 Definition of "intimate search" in s. 118(1) repealed (10.4.1995) by 1994 c. 33, s. 168(3), Sch. 11; S.I. 1995/721, art. 2, Sch. Appendix B

F19 In s. 118, paragraph (b) of definition and the word immediately preceding it repealed (E.W.)(14.10.1991) by Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20), s. 108(7), Sch. 15 (with Sch. 14 paras. 1(1), 27(4)); S.I. 1991/828, art. 3(2)

F20 Words in s. 118(2) inserted (2.12.2002) by Police Reform Act 2002 (c. 30), s. 107, Sch. 7 para. 9(9); S.I. 2002/2750, art. 2(b)(ii)

F21 S. 118(2)(a) substituted (19.2.2001) by 2000 c. 11, s. 125(1), Sch. 15 para. 5(12); S.I. 2001/421, art. 2

F22 S. 118(2A) inserted (2.12.2002) by Police Reform Act 2002 (c. 30), s. 107, Sch. 7 para. 9(9); S.I. 2002/2750, art. 2(b)(ii)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C6 S. 118 applied with modifications by S.I. 1985/1882, arts. 3, 10

119 Amendments and repeals. U.K.

(1) The enactments mentioned in Schedule 6 to this Act shall have effect with the amendments there specified.

(2) The enactments mentioned in Schedule 7 to this Act (which include enactments already obsolete or unnecessary) are repealed to the extent specified in the third column of that Schedule.

(3) The repeals in Parts II and IV of Schedule 7 to this Act have effect only in relation to criminal proceedings.

120 Extent. U.K.

(1) Subject to the following provisions of this section, this Act extends to England and Wales only.

(2) The following extend to Scotland only—

• section 108(4) and (5);

• section 110;

• section 111;

• section 112(1); and

• section 119(2), so far as it relates to the provisions of the M11 Pedlars Act 1871 repealed by Part VI of Schedule 7.

(3) The following extend to Northern Ireland only—

• section 6(4); and

• section 112(2).

(4) The following extend to England and Wales and Scotland—

• section 6(1) and (2);

• section 7;

• section 83(2), so far as it relates to paragraph 8 of Schedule 4;

• section 108(1) and (6);

• section 109; and

• section 119(2), so far as it relates to section 19 of the M12 Pedlars Act 1871.

(5) The following extend to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—

• section 6(3);

• [F23 section 9(2A);]

• section 83(2), so far as it relates to paragraph 7(1) of Schedule 4; and

• section 114(1).

(6) So far as they relate to proceedings before courts-martial and Standing Civilian Courts, the relevant provisions extend to any place at which such proceedings may be held.

(7) So far as they relate to proceedings before the Courts-Martial Appeal Court, the relevant provisions extend to any place at which such proceedings may be held.

(8) In this section “the relevant provisions” means—

(a) subsection (11) of section 67 above;

(b) subsection (12) of that section so far as it relates to subsection (11);

(c) Parts VII and VIII of this Act, except paragraph 10 of Schedule 3;

(d) subsections (2) and (8) to (12) of section 113 above; and

(e) subsection (13) of that section, so far as it relates to an order under subsection (12).

(9) Except as provided by the foregoing provisions of this section, section 113 above extends to any place to which the M13 Army Act 1955, the M14 Air Force Act 1955 or the M15 Naval Discipline Act 1957 extends.

F24 (9A) Section 119(1), so far as it relates to any provision amended by Part II of Schedule 6, extends to any place to which that provision extends.

(10) Section 119(2), so far as it relates—

(a) to any provision contained in—

• the M16 Army Act 1955;

• the M17 Air Force Act 1955;

• the M18 Armed Forces Act 1981; or

• the M19 Value Added Tax Act 1983;

(b) to any provision mentioned in Part VI of Schedule 7, other than section 18 of the M20 Pedlars Act 1871,

extends to any place to which that provision extends.

(11) So far as any of the following—

• section 115;

• in section 118, the definition of “document”;

• this section;

• section 121; and

• section 122,

has effect in relation to any other provision of this Act, it extends to any place to which that provision extends.

Textual Amendments

F23 Words in s. 120(5) inserted (1.8.2001) by 2001 c. 16, s. 86(2); S.I. 2001/2223, art. 3(e)

F24 S. 120(9A) re-numbered from subsection (9) by Criminal Justice Act 1988 (c. 33, SIF 39:1), s. 170(1), Sch. 15 para. 101

Marginal Citations

M11 1871 c. 96.

M12 1871 c. 96.

M13 1955 c. 18.

M14 1955 c. 19.

M15 1957 c. 53.

M16 1955 c. 18.

M17 1955 c. 19.

M18 1981 c. 55.

M19 1983 c. 55.

M20 1871 c. 96.

121 Commencement. U.K.

(1) This Act, except section 120 above, this section and section 122 below, shall come into operation on such day as the Secretary of State may by order made by statutory instrument appoint, and different days may be so appointed for different provisions and for different purposes.

(2) Different days may be appointed under this section for the coming into force of section 60 above in different areas.

(3) When an order under this section provides by virtue of subsection (2) above that section 60 above shall come into force in an area specified in the order, the duty imposed on the Secretary of State by that section shall be construed as a duty to make an order under it in relation to interviews in that area.

(4) An order under this section may make such transitional provision as appears to the Secretary of State to be necessary or expedient in connection with the provisions thereby brought into operation.

Subordinate Legislation Made

P1 S. 121 power partly exercised by S.I.1991/2686

S. 121 power partly exercised (8.11.1992); 9.11.1992 appointed for specified provision by S.I. 1992/2802, art.2.

S. 121 power of appointment conferred by s. 121(1) previously exercised: S.I. 1984/2002, 1985/623, 1934

122 Short title. U.K.

This Act may be cited as the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984.