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(1)Where it appears to the Secretary of State that there is good reason to do so, he may appoint one or more competent inspectors to investigate and report on the membership of any company, and otherwise with respect to the company, for the purpose of determining the true persons who are or have been financially interested in the success or failure (real or apparent) of the company or able to control or materially to influence its policy.
(2)The appointment of inspectors under this section may define the scope of their investigation (whether as respects the matter or the period to which it is to extend or otherwise) and in particular may limit the investigation to matters connected with particular shares or debentures.
[F1(3)If an application for investigation under this section with respect to particular shares or debentures of a company is made to the Secretary of State by members of the company, and the number of applicants or the amount of shares held by them is not less than that required for an application for the appointment of inspectors under section 431(2)(a) or (b), then, subject to the following provisions, the Secretary of State shall appoint inspectors to conduct the investigation applied for.
(3A)The Secretary of State shall not appoint inspectors if he is satisfied that the application is vexatious; and where inspectors are appointed their terms of appointment shall exclude any matter in so far as the Secretary of State is satisfied that it is unreasonable for it to be investigated.
(3B)The Secretary of State may, before appointing inspectors, require the applicant or applicants to give security, to an amount not exceeding £5,000, or such other sum as he may by order specify, for payment of the costs of the investigation.
An order under this subsection shall be made by statutory instrument which shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
(3C)If on an application under subsection (3) it appears to the Secretary of State that the powers conferred by section 444 are sufficient for the purposes of investigating the matters which inspectors would be appointed to investigate, he may instead conduct the investigation under that section.]
(4)Subject to the terms of their appointment, the inspectors’ powers extend to the investigation of any circumstances suggesting the existance of an arrangement or understanding which, though not legally binding, is or was observed or likely to be observed in practice and which is relevant to the purposes of the investigation.
Textual Amendments
F1S. 442(3)–(3C) substituted for s. 442(3) by Companies Act 1989 (c. 40, SIF 27), ss. 62, 213(2)
(1)For purposes of an investigation under section 442, sections 433(1), 434, 436 and 437 apply with the necessary modifications of references to the affairs of the company or to those of any other body corporate, subject however to the following subsections.
(2)Those sections apply to—
(a)all persons who are or have been, or whom the inspector has reasonable cause to believe to be or have been, financially interested in the success or failure or the apparent success or failure of the company or any other body corporate whose membership is investigated with that of the company, or able to control or materially influence its policy (including persons concerned only on behalf of others), and
(b)any other person whom the inspector has reasonable cause to believe possesses information relevant to the investigation,
as they apply in relation to officers and agents of the company or the other body corporate (as the case may be).
(3)If the Secretary of State is of opinion that there is good reason for not divulging any part of a report made by virtue of section 442 and this section, he may under section 437 disclose the report with the omission of that part; and he may cause to be kept by the registrar of companies a copy of the report with that part omitted or, in the case of any other such report, a copy of the whole report.
F2(4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textual Amendments
F2S. 443(4) repealed by Companies Act 1989 (c. 40, SIF 27), ss. 212, 213(2), Sch. 24
(1)If it appears to the Secretary of State that there is good reason to investigate the ownership of any shares in or debentures of a company and that it is unnecessary to appoint inspectors for the purpose, he may require any person whom he has reasonable cause to believe to have or to be able to obtain any information as to the present and past interests in those shares or debentures and the names and addresses of the persons interested and of any persons who act or have acted on their behalf in relation to the shares or debentures to give any such information to the Secretary of State.
(2)For this purpose a person is deemed to have an interest in shares or debentures if he has any right to acquire or dispose of them or of any interest in them, or to vote in respect of them, or if his consent is necessary for the exercise of any of the rights of other persons interested in them, or if other persons interested in them can be required, or are accustomed, to exercise their rights in accordance with his instructions.
(3)A person who fails to give information required of him under this section, or who in giving such information makes any statement which he knows to be false in a material particular, or recklessly makes any statement which is false in a material particular, is liable to imprisonment or a fine, or both.
(1)If in connection with an investigation under either section 442 or 444 it appears to the Secretary of State that there is difficulty in finding out the relevant facts about any shares (whether issued or to be issued), he may by order direct that the shares shall until further order be subject to the restrictions of Part XV of this Act.
[F3(1A)If the Secretary of State is satisfied that an order under subsection (1) may unfairly affect the rights of third parties in respect of shares then the Secretary of State, for the purpose of protecting such rights and subject to such terms as he thinks fit, may direct that such acts by such persons or descriptions of persons and for such purposes as may be set out in the order, shall not constitute a breach of the restrictions of Part XV of this Act.]
(2)This section, and Part XV in its application to orders under it, apply in relation to debentures as in relation to shares [F4save that subsection (1A) shall not so apply.]
Textual Amendments
F3S. 445(1A) inserted by S.I. 1991/1646, reg. 5(a)
F4Words in s. 445(2) inserted by S.I. 1991/1646, reg. 5(b)
(1)If it appears to the Secretary of State that there are circumstances suggesting that contraventions may have occurred, in relation to a company’s shares or debentures, of section 323 or 324 (taken with Schedule 13), or of subsections (3) to (5) of section 328 (restrictions on share dealings by directors and their families; obligation of director to disclose shareholding in his own company), he may appoint one or more competent inspectors to carry out such investigations as are requisite to establish whether or not such contraventions have occurred and to report the result of their investigations to him.
(2)The appointment of inspectors under this section may limit the period to which their investigation is to extend or confine it to shares or debentures of a particular class, or both.
(3)For purposes of an investigation under this section, sections 434 [F5to 437] apply—
(a)with the substitution, for references to any other body corporate whose affairs are investigated under section 433(1), of a reference to any other body corporate which is, or has at any relevant time been, the company’s subsidiary or holding company, or a subsidiary of its holding company, . . . F6
(b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F6
[F7(4)Sections 434 to 436 apply for the purposes of an investigation under this section to the following persons as they apply to officers of the company or of the other body corporate—
(a)an authorised person;
(b)a relevant professional;
(c)a person not falling within paragraph (a) or (b) who may carry on a regulated activity without contravening the prohibition imposed by section 19 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000; and
(d)in relation to an authorised person, to a relevant professional or to a person falling within paragraph (c)—
(i)if it is a body corporate, any person who is or has been an officer of it;
(ii)if it is a partnership, any person who is or has been a partner in it;
(iii)if it is an unincorporated association, any person who is or has been a member of its governing body or an officer of it.
F7(4A)In subsection (4)—
“authorised person” has the meaning given in section 31(2) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000;
“relevant professional” means a member of a profession in relation to which a body has been designated under section 326(1) of that Act, and, in relation to such a profession, “member” has the meaning given in section 325(2) of that Act.]
(5). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F8
(6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F9
(7). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F10
Textual Amendments
F5Words substituted by Financial Services Act 1986 (c. 60, SIF 69), s. 182, Sch. 13 para. 8(a)
F6S. 446(3)(b) and the word “and" preceding it repealed by Companies Act 1989 (c. 40, SIF 27), ss. 212, 213(2), Sch. 24
F7S. 446(4)(4A) substituted (1.12.2001) for s. 446(4) by S.I. 2001/3649, art. 21
F8S. 446(5) repealed by Financial Services Act 1986 (c. 60, SIF 69), ss. 182, 212(3), Sch. 13 para. 8(b), Sch. 17 Pt. I