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Part IE+W+S General Provisions Relating to Road Passenger Transport

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1Pt. I (ss. 1-33) modified by S.I. 1984/748, regs. 5(2), 6(2) (as amended by S.I. 1987/1755, reg. 2(2)

C2Pt. 1(ss. 1-33) modified (11.1.2006) by The Cambridgeshire Guided Busway Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/3523), art. 36 (with art. 52)

C3Pt. 1 (ss. 1-33) modified (13.12.2006) by The Luton Dunstable Translink Order 2006 (S.I. 2006/3118), art. 37(3)

Taxis and hire carsE+W+S

10 Immediate hiring of taxis at separate fares.E+W

(1)In the circumstances mentioned in subsection (2) below, a licensed taxi may be hired for use for the carriage of passengers for hire or reward at separate fares without thereby—

(a)becoming a public service vehicle for the purposes of the 1981 Act or any related enactment; or

(b)ceasing (otherwise than by virtue of any provision made under section 13 of this Act) to be subject to the taxi code.

(2)The circumstances are that—

(a)the taxi is hired in an area where a scheme made under this section is in operation;

(b)the taxi is licensed by the licensing authority for that area; and

(c)the hiring falls within the terms of the scheme.

(3)In this section “licensing authority” means—

(a)in relation to the London taxi area, [F1Transport for London] or the holder for the time being of any office designated by [F1Transport for London] for the purposes of this section; and

(b)in relation to any other area in England and Wales, the authority having responsibility for licensing taxis in that area.

(4)For the purposes of this section, a licensing authority may make a scheme for their area and shall make such a scheme if the holders of at least ten per cent. of the current taxi licences issued by the authority request the authority in writing to do so.

(5)Any scheme made under this section shall—

(a)designate the places in the area from which taxis may be hired under the scheme (“authorised places”);

(b)specify the requirements to be met for the purposes of the scheme in relation to the hiring of taxis at separate fares; and

(c)F2. . .—

(i)include such provision, or provision of such description, as may be prescribed for the purposes of this sub-paragraph;

(ii)not include provision of any such description as may be prescribed for the purposes of this sub-paragraph.

(6)Subject to subsection (5) above, any scheme made under this section may, in particular, make provision with respect to—

(a)fares;

(b)the display of any document, plate, mark or sign for indicating an authorised place or that a taxi standing at an authorised place is available for the carriage of passengers at separate fares;

(c)the manner in which arrangements are to be made for the carriage of passengers on any such hiring as is mentioned in subsection (1) above; and

(d)the conditions to apply to the use of a taxi on any such hiring.

(7)A licensing authority may, subject to subsection (5) above, vary any scheme made by them under this section.

(8)F3. . . any scheme under this section, and any variation of such a scheme, shall be made in accordance with the prescribed procedure.

(9)For the purposes of this section—

(a)the hiring of a taxi falls within the terms of a scheme if—

(i)it is hired from an authorised place; and

(ii)the hiring meets the requirements specified by the licensing authority as those to be met for the purposes of the scheme; and

(b)a taxi is hired from an authorised place if it is standing at that place when it is hired and the persons hiring it are all present there.

[F4(9A)The power to make regulations under subsections (5)(c) and (8), so far as exercisable in relation to Wales, is exercisable by the Welsh Ministers (and not by the Secretary of State).]

F5(10). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

11 Advance booking of taxis and hire cars at separate fares.E+W

(1)Where the conditions mentioned in subsection (2) below are met, a licensed taxi or licensed hire car may be used for the carriage of passengers for hire or reward at separate fares without thereby—

(a)becoming a public service vehicle for the purposes of the 1981 Act or any related enactment; or

(b)ceasing (otherwise than by virtue of any provision made under section 13 of this Act) to be subject to the taxi code or (as the case may be) the hire car code.

(2)The conditions are that—

(a)all the passengers carried on the occasion in question booked their journeys in advance; and

(b)each of them consented, when booking his journey, to sharing the use of the vehicle on that occasion with others on the basis that a separate fare would be payable by each passenger for his own journey on that occasion.

12 Use of taxis [F6or hire cars] in providing local services.E+W+S

(1)Where the holder of a taxi licence [F7or a private hire vehicle licence] —

(a)applies to [F8a] traffic commissioner for a restricted PSV operator’s licence to be granted to him under Part II of the 1981 Act; and

(b)states in his application that he proposes to use one or more licensed taxis [F9or licensed hire cars] to provide a local service;

section 14 of the 1981 Act (conditions to be met before grant of PSV operator’s licence) shall not apply and the commissioner shall grant the application.

(2)In this section “special licence” means a restricted PSV operator’s licence granted by virtue of this section.

F10(3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4)Without prejudice to his powers to attach other conditions under section 16 of the 1981 Act, any traffic commissioner granting a special licence shall attach to it, under that section, the conditions mentioned in subsection (5) below.

(5)The conditions are—

(a)that every vehicle used under the licence shall be one for which the holder of the licence has a taxi licence [F11or a private hire vehicle licence]; and

(b)that no vehicle shall be used under the licence otherwise than for the purpose of providing a local service with one or more stopping places within the area of the authority which granted [F12the relevant licence for that vehicle].

(6)In subsection (5)(b) above “local service” does not include an excursion or tour.

(7)The maximum number of vehicles which the holder of a special licence may at any one time use under the licence shall be the number of vehicles for which (for the time being) he holds [F13relevant licences]; and a condition to that effect shall be attached to every special licence under section 16(1) of the 1981 Act.

(8)Section 1(2) of the 1981 Act (vehicle used as public service vehicle to be treated as such until that use is permanently discontinued) shall not apply to any use of a licensed taxi [F14or a licensed hire car] for the provision of a local service under a special licence.

(9)At any time when a licensed taxi [F15or a licensed hire car] is being so used it shall carry such documents, plates and marks, in such manner, as may be prescribed.

(10)[F16At any time when a licensed taxi or a licensed hire car is being so used the prescribed provisions of the taxi code or, as the case may be, the hire car code shall apply in relation to it;] and any such provision may be so applied subject to such modifications as may be prescribed.

[F17(10A)In subsections (9) and (10) “prescribed” means prescribed by the appropriate authority.]

(11)For the purposes of section 12(3) of the 1981 Act (which provides that where two or more PSV operators’ licences are held they must be granted F18... for different traffic areas), special licences shall be disregarded.

(12)A person may hold more than one special licence but shall not at the same time hold more than one such licence [F19in relation to] a particular traffic area.

(13)The following provisions shall not apply in relation to special licences or (as the case may be) the use of vehicles under such licences—

(a)sections 16(1A) and (2), 17(3)(d), 18 to 20 F20. . . and 26 of the 1981 Act; and

(b)section 26(5) and (6) of this Act;

and for the purposes of section 12 of that Act this section shall be treated as if it were in Part II of that Act.

Textual Amendments

F6Words in s. 12 heading inserted (6.4.2009) by Local Transport Act 2008 (c. 26), ss. 53(9), 134(4); S.I. 2009/107, art. 4(1), Sch. 4 Pt. 1

F10S. 12(3) repealed (1.1.1996) by 1994 c. 40, ss. 68, 81, Sch. 14 para. 8, Sch. 17; S.I. 1995/2835, art. 2

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C4S. 12(12) amended by S.I. 1986/1628, reg. 5(1)

13 Provisions supplementary to sections 10 to 12.E+W+S

(1)[F21The appropriate authority] may by order make such modifications of the taxi code and the hire car code as [F22it] sees fit for the purpose of supplementing the provisions of sections 10 to 12 of this Act.

(2)Any order made under subsection (1) above may, in particular, modify any provision—

(a)relating to fares payable by the hirer of a vehicle;

(b)requiring the driver of any vehicle to accept any hiring, or to drive at the direction of a hirer, or (as the case may be) of a prospective hirer, to any place within or not exceeding any specified distance or for any period of time not exceeding a specified period from the time of hiring;

(c)making the carriage of additional passengers in any vehicle which is currently subject to a hiring dependent on the consent of the hirer.

(3)In this section, and in sections 10 to 12 of this Act—

(4)Any order made under subsection (1) above may contain such supplementary, incidental, consequential and transitional provisions (including provisions modifying any enactment contained in any Act other than this Act) as appear to the Secretary of State to be necessary or expedient in consequence of any modification of the taxi code or the private hire car code made by the order.

[F27(5)The power to make an order under subsection (1) for the purpose of supplementing section 10 or 11, so far as exercisable in relation to Wales, is exercisable by the Welsh Ministers (and not by the Secretary of State); and the reference to the Secretary of State in subsection (4) is to be read accordingly.]

Textual Amendments

F23Definition in s. 13(3) inserted (6.4.2009) by Local Transport Act 2008 (c. 26), ss. 54(4), 134(4); S.I. 2009/107, art. 4(1), Sch. 4 Pt. 1

F24Definition in s. 13(3) substituted (6.4.2009) by Local Transport Act 2008 (c. 26), ss. 54(5), 134(4); S.I. 2009/107, art. 4(1), Sch. 4 Pt. 1

F26Definitions in s. 13(3) inserted after definition of "taxi licence" (6.4.2009) by Local Transport Act 2008 (c. 26), ss. 54(6), 134(4); S.I. 2009/107, art. 4(1), Sch. 4 Pt. 1

Marginal Citations

[F2813AApplication of sections 10 to 13 to LondonE+W

(1)Transport for London may by order provide that section 12 of this Act is to apply to vehicles licensed under section 7 of the Private Hire Vehicles (London) Act 1998 as it applies to vehicles licensed under section 48 of the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976.

(2)An order under subsection (1) of this section may amend the definitions of “licensed hire car” and “private hire vehicle licence” in section 13 of this Act accordingly.

(3)Transport for London must consult such representative organisations as it thinks fit before making—

(a)regulations under section 12(9) or (10) of this Act;

(b)an order under section 13(1) of this Act or subsection (1) of this section.

(4)Any power of Transport for London to make—

(a)regulations under section 12(9) or (10) of this Act, or

(b)an order under section 13(1) of this Act,

includes a power to vary or revoke any previous such regulations or order (as the case may be).

(5)Subsection (4) applies notwithstanding that the previous regulations were made, or the previous order was made, by the Secretary of State by statutory instrument.

(6)Transport for London must print and publish—

(a)any regulations made by it under section 12(9) or (10) of this Act;

(b)any order made by it under section 13(1) of this Act or subsection (1) of this section.

(7)Transport for London may charge a fee for the sale of copies of any regulations, or any order, printed under subsection (6).]

Textual Amendments

F28S. 13A inserted (E.W.) (26.11.2008 for specified purposes, 6.4.2009 in so far as not already in force) by Local Transport Act 2008 (c. 26), ss. 54(8), 134(1)(c)(4); S.I. 2009/107, art. 4(1), Sch. 4 Pt. 1

14 Operation of taxis and private hire cars in Scotland for the carriage of passengers at separate fares.E+W+S

(1)As respects Scotland, a taxi (other than a taxi which is for the time being operating a local service which is or requires to be registered under this Part of this Act, has been previously advertised and has a destination and route which are not entirely at the discretion of the passengers) or private hire car which is used for the carriage of passengers for hire or reward at separate fares shall not by reason of such use become a public service vehicle for the purposes of the 1981 Act or any related enactment.

(2)In this section “taxi” and “private hire car” have the meanings given in section 23 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 and “related enactment” has the meaning given in section 13(3) of this Act.

15 Extension of taxi licensing in England and Wales.E+W+S

(1)Where, immediately before the commencement of this section, the provisions of the M7Town Police Clauses Act 1847 with respect to hackney carriages and of the M8Town Police Clauses Act 1889 (as incorporated in each case in the M9Public Health Act 1875) were not in force throughout the whole of the area of a district council in England and Wales whose area lies outside the area to which the M10Metropolitan Public Carriage Act 1869 applies, those provisions (as so incorporated) shall—

(a)if not then in force in any part of the council’s area, apply throughout that area; and

(b)if in force in part only of its area, apply also in the remainder of that area.

(2)Where part only of a district council’s area lies outside the area to which the Act of 1869 applies, that part shall, for the purposes of subsection (1) above, be treated as being the area of the council.

(3)So much of any local Act as enables a district council to bring to an end the application of the provisions mentioned in subsection (1) above to the whole or any part of their area shall cease to have effect.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C5S. 15 functions of local authority not to be the responsibility of an executive of the authority (E.) (16.11.2000) by virute of S.I. 2000/2853, reg. 2(1), Sch. 1

Marginal Citations

16 Taxi licensing: control of numbers.E+W+S

The provisions of the Town Police Clauses Act 1847 with respect to hackney carriages, as incorporated in any enactment (whenever passed), shall [F29(subject to section 161 of the Equality Act 2010)] have effect—

(a)as if in section 37, the words “such number of” and “as they think fit” were omitted; and

(b)as if they provided that the grant of a licence may be refused, for the purpose of limiting the number of hackney carriages in respect of which licences are granted, if, but only if, the person authorised to grant licences is satisfied that there is no significant demand for the services of hackney carriages (within the area to which the licence would apply) which is unmet.

Textual Amendments

F29Words in s. 16 inserted (1.10.2010 for specified purposes) by Equality Act 2010 (c. 15), ss. 161(3), 216(3) (with ss. 6(4), 205); S.I. 2010/2317, art. 2(12)(a) (with art. 15)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C6S. 16 excluded (1.10.2010 for specified purposes) by Equality Act 2010 (c. 15), ss. 161(2), 216(3) (with ss. 6(4), 205); S.I. 2010/2317, art. 2(12)(a) (with art. 15)

17 London taxi and taxi driver licensing: appeals.E+W+S

(1)In this section—

(2)Where the licensing authority has refused to grant, or has suspended or revoked, a licence the applicant for, or (as the case may be) holder of, the licence may, before the expiry of the [F30designated period]—

(a)require the authority to reconsider his decision; or

(b)appeal to [F31a magistrates'] court.

(3)Any call for a reconsideration under subsection (2) above must be made to the licensing authority in writing.

(4)On any reconsideration under this section the person calling for the decision to be reconsidered shall be entitled to be heard either in person or by his representative.

(5)If the person calling for a decision to be reconsidered under this section is dissatisfied with the decision of the licensing authority on reconsideration, he may, before the expiry of the [F30designated period], appeal to [F31a magistrates'] court.

(6)On any appeal to it under this section, the court may make such order as it thinks fit; and any order which it makes shall be binding on the licensing authority.

(7)Where a person holds a licence which is in force when he applies for a new licence in substitution for it, the existing licence shall [F32(subject to subsections (12) to (14))] continue in force until the application for the new licence, or any appeal under this section in relation to that application, is disposed of, but without prejudice to the exercise in the meantime of any power of the licensing authority to revoke the existing licence.

(8)For the purposes of subsection (7) above, where the licensing authority refuses to grant the new licence the application shall not be treated as disposed of—

(a)where no call for a reconsideration of the authority’s decision is made under subsection (2) above, until the expiry of the [F30designated period];

(b)where such a reconsideration is called for, until the expiry of the [F30designated period]which begins by reference to the decision of the authority on reconsideration.

(9)Where the licensing authority suspends or revokes a licence, or confirms a decision to do so, he may, if the holder of the licence so requests, direct that his decision shall not have effect until the expiry of the [F30designated period].

(10)In this section F33. . . .

[F35(11)Any power to make a London cab order under this section includes power to vary or revoke a previous such order.]

[F36(12)Subsection (13) applies where—

(a)the application mentioned in subsection (7) is an application for a licence under section 8 of the Metropolitan Public Carriage Act 1869 (taxi driver licences),

(b)at any time after the application is made, the licensing authority requests the applicant to give it further information for the purpose of enabling it to make a request, or make a further request, under paragraph 3(2)(a) of Schedule 33 to the Finance Act 2021 (request for confirmation of completed tax check) in relation to the application, and

(c)at the end of the relevant period, the licensing authority continues to be prevented from considering the application by virtue of paragraph 3(2) of that Schedule to that Act.

(13)The existing licence mentioned in subsection (7) expires at the end of the relevant period.

(14)In subsections (12) and (13) “the relevant period” means—

(a)the period of 28 days beginning with the day on which the request under subsection (12)(b) is made, or

(b)if the final day of that period is earlier than the day on which (disregarding subsections (7) and (13)) the existing licence mentioned in subsection (7) expires, the period ending with that later day.]

Textual Amendments

F30Words in s. 17(2)(5)(8)(a)(b)(9) substituted (3.7.2000) by 1999 c. 29, s. 253, Sch. 20 Pt. I para. 8(3)(a) (with Sch. 12 para. 9(1)); S.I. 2000/801, art. 2(2)(c), Sch. Pt. 3

F31Words in s. 17(2)(b)(5) substituted (1.4.2005) by Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), ss. 109(1), 110, Sch. 8 para. 293(2); S.I. 2005/910, art. 3(y)

F32Words in s. 17(7) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 125(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), Sch. 33 para. 11(2)

F33S. 17(10): Definition of "the appropriate court" repealed (1.4.2005) by Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), ss. 109(1)(3), 110, Sch. 8 para. 293(3), Sch. 10; S.I. 2005/910, art. 3(y)

F34Definitions of “designated period” and “London cab order” in s. 10(10) inserted (3.7.2000) by 1999 c. 29, s. 253, Sch. 20 Pt. I para. 8(3)(b) (with Sch. 12 para. 9(1)); S.I. 2000/801, art. 2(2)(c), Sch. Pt. 3

F36S. 17(12)-(14) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 125(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), Sch. 33 para. 11(3)