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Insolvency Act 1986, Cross Heading: General insolvency rules is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 12 September 2024. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations.
Revised legislation carried on this site may not be fully up to date. Changes and effects are recorded by our editorial team in lists which can be found in the ‘Changes to Legislation’ area. Where those effects have yet to be applied to the text of the legislation by the editorial team they are also listed alongside the legislation in the affected provisions. Use the ‘more’ link to open the changes and effects relevant to the provision you are viewing.
Whole provisions yet to be inserted into this Act (including any effects on those provisions):
(1)Rules may be made—
(a)in relation to England and Wales, by the Lord Chancellor with the concurrence of the Secretary of State [F1and, in the case of rules that affect court procedure, with the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice], or
(b)in relation to Scotland, by the Secretary of State,
for the purpose of giving effect to [F2Parts A1] to VII of this Act [F3or the [F4EU Regulation]].
[F5(1A)Rules may also be made for the purpose of giving effect to Part 2 of the Banking Act 2009 (bank insolvency orders); and rules for that purpose shall be made—
(a)in relation to England and Wales, by the Lord Chancellor with the concurrence of—
(i)the Treasury, and
(ii)in the case of rules that affect court procedure, the Lord Chief Justice, or
(b)in relation to Scotland, by the Treasury.]
[F6(1B)Rules may also be made for the purpose of giving effect to Part 3 of the Banking Act 2009 (bank administration); and rules for that purpose shall be made—
(a)in relation to England and Wales, by the Lord Chancellor with the concurrence of—
(i)the Treasury, and
(ii)in the case of rules that affect court procedure, the Lord Chief Justice, or
(b)in relation to Scotland, by the Treasury.]
(2)Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), [F7(1A)] [F8or (1B)] or to any provision of those Parts by virtue of which rules under this section may be made with respect to any matter, rules under this section may contain—
(a)any such provision as is specified in Schedule 8 to this Act or corresponds to provision contained immediately before the coming into force of section 106 of the M1Insolvency Act 1985 in rules made, or having effect as if made, under section 663(1) or (2) of the [F9the Companies Act 1985] (old winding-up rules), and
(b)such incidental, supplemental and transitional provisions as may appear to the Lord Chancellor or, as the case may be, the Secretary of State [F10or the Treasury] necessary or expedient.
[F11(2A)For the purposes of subsection (2), a reference in Schedule 8 to this Act to doing anything under or for the purposes of a provision of this Act includes a reference to doing anything under or for the purposes of the [F12EU Regulation] (in so far as the provision of this Act relates to a matter to which the [F12EU Regulation] applies).
(2B)Rules under this section for the purpose of giving effect to the [F13EU Regulation] may not create [F14a new relevant offence].]
[F15(2C)For the purposes of subsection (2), a reference in Schedule 8 to this Act to doing anything under or for the purposes of a provision of this Act includes a reference to doing anything under or for the purposes of Part 2 of the Banking Act 2009.]
[F16(2D)For the purposes of subsection (2), a reference in Schedule 8 to this Act to doing anything under or for the purposes of a provision of this Act includes a reference to doing anything under or for the purposes of Part 3 of the Banking Act 2009.]
(3)In Schedule 8 to this Act “liquidator” includes a provisional liquidator [F17or bank liquidator] [F18or administrator]; and references above in this section to [F19Parts A1] to VII of this Act [F20or Part 2 [F21or 3] of the Banking Act 2009] are to be read as including [F22the Companies Acts] so far as relating to, and to matters connected with or arising out of, the insolvency or winding up of companies.
[F23(3A)In this section references to Part 2 or 3 of the Banking Act 2009 include references to those Parts as applied to building societies (see section 90C of the Building Societies Act 1986).]
(4)Rules under this section shall be made by statutory instrument subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
(5)Regulations made by the Secretary of State [F24or the Treasury] under a power conferred by rules under this section shall be made by statutory instrument and, after being made, shall be laid before each House of Parliament.
(6)Nothing in this section prejudices any power to make rules of court.
[F25(7)The Lord Chief Justice may nominate a judicial office holder (as defined in section 109(4) of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005) to exercise his functions under this section.]
Textual Amendments
F1Words in s. 411(1)(a) inserted (3.4.2006) by Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4), ss. 15(1), 148, Sch. 4 para. 188(2); S.I. 2006/1014, art. 2(a), Sch. 1
F2Words in s. 411(1) substituted (26.6.2020) by Corporate Insolvency and Governance Act 2020 (c. 12), s. 49(1), Sch. 3 para. 22(2) (with ss. 2(2), 5(2))
F3Words in s. 411(1) inserted (3.5.2002) by S.I. 2002/1037, reg. 3(1)
F4Words in s. 411(1) substituted (26.6.2017) by The Insolvency Amendment (EU 2015/848) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/702), reg. 1, Sch. para. 24 (with regs. 3, 4)
F5S. 411(1A) inserted (17.2.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 125(2), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, arts. 2, 3, Sch.
F6S. 411(1B) inserted (17.2.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 160(2), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, arts. 2, 3, Sch.
F7Words in s. 411(2) inserted (17.2.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 125(3)(a), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, arts. 2, 3, Sch.
F8Words in s. 411(2) inserted (17.2.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 160(3), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, arts. 2, 3, Sch.
F9Words in s. 411(2)(a) substituted (1.10.2009) by The Companies Act 2006 (Consequential Amendments, Transitional Provisions and Savings) Order 2009, (S.I. 2009/1941) arts. 2(1), 8, {Sch. 1 para. 79} (with art. 10, Sch. 1 para. 84)
F10Words in s. 411(2) inserted (17.2.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 125(3)(b), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, arts. 2, 3, Sch.
F11S. 411(2A)(2B) inserted (3.5.2002) by S.I. 2002/1037, reg. 3(2)
F12Words in s. 411(2A) substituted (26.6.2017) by The Insolvency Amendment (EU 2015/848) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/702), reg. 1, Sch. para. 24 (with regs. 3, 4)
F13Words in s. 411(2B) substituted (26.6.2017) by The Insolvency Amendment (EU 2015/848) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/702), reg. 1, Sch. para. 24 (with regs. 3, 4)
F14Words in s. 411(2B) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Insolvency (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/146), reg. 1(3), Sch. para. 37 (with regs. 4, 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F15S. 411(2C) inserted (17.2.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 125(4), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, arts. 2, 3, Sch.
F16S. 411(2D) inserted (17.2.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 160(4), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, arts. 2, 3, Sch.
F17Words in s. 411(3) inserted (17.2.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 125(5)(a), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, arts. 2, 3, Sch.
F18Words in s. 411(3) inserted (17.2.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 160(5)(a), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, arts. 2, 3, Sch.
F19Words in s. 411(3) substituted (26.6.2020) by Corporate Insolvency and Governance Act 2020 (c. 12), s. 49(1), Sch. 3 para. 22(3) (with ss. 2(2), 5(2))
F20S. 411(3) text amended (17.2.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 125(5)(b), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, arts. 2, 3, Sch.
F21Words in s. 411(3) inserted (17.2.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 160(5)(b), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, arts. 2, 3, Sch.
F22Words in s. 411(3) substituted (1.10.2007) by The Companies Act 2006 (Commencement No. 3, Consequential Amendments, Transitional Provisions and Savings) Order 2007 (S.I. 2007/2194), art. 10(1), Sch. 4 para. 44 (with art. 12)
F23S. 411(3A) inserted (29.3.2009) by The Building Societies (Insolvency and Special Administration) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/805), art. 13
F24Words in s. 411(5) inserted (17.2.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 125(6), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, arts. 2, 3, Sch.
F25S. 411(7) inserted (3.4.2006) by Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4), ss. 15(1), 148, Sch. 4 para. 188(3); S.I. 2006/1014, art. 2(a), Sch. 1
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C1S. 411 extended by Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986 (c. 46, SIF 27), ss. 21(2), 25
S. 411 extended by Building Societies Act 1986 (c. 53, SIF 16), ss. 54(3)( a )(5)( a ), 90, 126(3), Sch. 15 para. 58(1)
S. 411 extended by Financial Services Act 1986 (c. 60, SIF 69), s. 54(6)
S. 411 extended (E.W.) by Banking Act 1987 (c. 22, SIF 10), s. 62(8)(a)
S. 411 extended (S.) by Banking Act 1987 (c. 22, SIF 10), s. 62(8)(b)(i)
S. 411 extended (with modifications) (7.2.1994) by 1993 c. 43, s. 59(5), 150(1)(c); S.I. 1994/86, art. 2
S. 411 extended (1.12.1997) by 1986 c. 53, Sch. 15A para. 4(1) (as inserted (1.12.1997) by 1997 c. 32, s. 39(2), Sch. 6; S.I. 1997/2668, art. 2, Sch. Pt. I(i))
Ss. 411, 412 extended (E.W.) (25.2.2001) by 2000 c. 8, s. 215(8)(a); S.I. 2001/516, art. 2, Sch. Pt. 1
C2S. 411 applied (1.12.1994) by S.I. 1994/2421, arts. 4(3)(e), 6(3)(e)
S. 411 applied (1.2.2001) by 2000 c. 38, s. 30(5) (with s. 105(2)(b)(5), 106); S.I. 2001/57, art. 3(1), Sch. 2 Pt. I (subject to transitional provision and saving in Sch. 2 Pt. II)
S. 411 applied (with modifications) (15.7.2003) by 1999 c. 29, ss. 220(5), 425(2) (with ss. 165, 217, Sch. 12 para. 9(1)); S.I. 2003/1920, art. 2(b)
S. 411 applied (15.7.2003) by 1999 c. 29, ss. 221(3), 425(2) (with ss. 165, 217, Sch. 12 para. 9(1)); S.I. 2003/1920, art. 2(b)
S. 411 applied (with modifications) (5.10.2004) by Energy Act 2004 (c. 20), ss. 159(3), 198; S.I. 2004/2575, art. 2(1), Sch. 1
S. 411 applied in part (20.1.2007 for specified purposes, otherwise 1.10.2007) by Companies Act 2006 (c. 46), ss. 997, 1300(2); S.I. 2006/3428, art. 3(3) (subject to art. 5, Sch. 1 and with arts. 6, 8, Sch. 5); S.I. 2007/2194, art. 2(1)(j)
C3S. 411 applied (with modifications) (1.10.2011) by Postal Services Act 2011 (c. 5), ss. 73(3), 93(2)(3); S.I. 2011/2329, art. 3 (with arts. 4, 5)
C4S. 411 extended (with modifications) (27.3.2012 for specified purposes) by Health and Social Care Act 2012 (c. 7), ss. 130(9), 306(1)(d), (4)
C5S. 411 modified (3.2.2017) by Housing and Planning Act 2016 (c. 22), ss. 102(5), 216(3) (with ss. 116, 117); S.I. 2017/75, reg. 3(c)
C6Third Group of Parts (Pts. 12-19) applied to limited liability partnerships (with modifications) (E.W.S.) (6.4.2001) by S.I. 2001/1090, reg. 5, Schs. 3, 4 (as amended (4.3.2004) by S.I. 2004/355, art. 10; (1.10.2005) by S.I. 2005/1989, reg. 3, Sch. 2 (with reg. 4); and (8.12.2017) by S.I. 2017/1119, reg. 1(1), Sch. 1 Pts. 2, 3)
C7S. 411 modified (31.1.2019) by Technical and Further Education Act 2017 (c. 19), ss. 32(1), 47(2); S.I. 2018/1161, reg. 3(a)
C8S. 411 extended (temp.) (26.6.2020) by Corporate Insolvency and Governance Act 2020 (c. 12), s. 49(1), Sch. 4 paras. 3, 4 (with ss. 2(2), 5(2), Sch. 4 para. 1)
C9S. 411 applied (with modifications) (8.7.2021) by The Payment and Electronic Money Institution Insolvency Regulations 2021 (S.I. 2021/716), regs. 2, 37 (with reg. 5) (as amended (4.1.2024) by S.I. 2023/1399, regs. 1(2), 4, 11)
C10S. 411 applied (with modifications) (E.W.) (23.2.2024) by The Water Industry (Special Administration) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/205), regs. 2(1), 5(1), 49 (with reg. 64)
C11S. 411(1)(b)(2) functions made exercisable concurrently (9.2.2018) by The Scotland Act 1998 (Insolvency Functions) Order 2018 (S.I. 2018/174), arts. 1(1), 2 (with art. 6(1))
C12S. 411(1)(b)(2) functions made exercisable concurrently (9.2.2018) by The Scotland Act 1998 (Insolvency Functions) Order 2018 (S.I. 2018/174), arts. 1(1), 5 (with art. 6(2))
C13S. 411(1B) extended (1.3.2014 for specified purposes, 13.7.2018 for E.W. in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act 2013 (c. 33), ss. 121(3), 148(5); S.I. 2014/377, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. Pt. 2; S.I. 2018/848, art. 2(b)
C14S. 411(4) excluded (9.2.2018) by The Scotland Act 1998 (Insolvency Functions) Order 2018 (S.I. 2018/174), arts. 1(1), 4(1)
C15S. 411(5) excluded (9.2.2018) by The Scotland Act 1998 (Insolvency Functions) Order 2018 (S.I. 2018/174), arts. 1(1), 4(3)
Marginal Citations
(1)The Lord Chancellor may, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State [F26and, in the case of rules that affect court procedure, with the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice], make rules for the purpose of giving effect to [F27Parts 7A to 11] of this Act [F28or the [F29EU Regulation]] .
(2)Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), or to any provision of those Parts by virtue of which rules under this section may be made with respect to any matter, rules under this section may contain—
(a)any such provision as is specified in Schedule 9 to this Act or corresponds to provision contained immediately before the appointed day in rules made under section 132 of the M2Bankruptcy Act 1914; and
(b)such incidental, supplemental and transitional provisions as may appear to the Lord Chancellor necessary or expedient.
[F30(2A)For the purposes of subsection (2), a reference in Schedule 9 to this Act to doing anything under or for the purposes of a provision of this Act includes a reference to doing anything under or for the purposes of the [F31EU Regulation] (in so far as the provision of this Act relates to a matter to which the [F31EU Regulation] applies).
(2B)Rules under this section for the purpose of giving effect to the [F32EU Regulation] may not create [F33a new relevant offence].]
(3)Rules under this section shall be made by statutory instrument subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
(4)Regulations made by the Secretary of State under a power conferred by rules under this section shall be made by statutory instrument and, after being made, shall be laid before each House of Parliament.
(5)Nothing in this section prejudices any power to make rules of court.
[F34(6)The Lord Chief Justice may nominate a judicial office holder (as defined in section 109(4) of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005) to exercise his functions under this section.]
Textual Amendments
F26Words in s. 412(1) inserted (3.4.2006) by virtue of Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4), ss. 15(1), 148, Sch. 4 para. 189(2); S.I. 2006/1014, art. 2(a), Sch. 1
F27Words in s. 412(1) substituted (24.2.2009 for certain purposes otherwise 6.4.2009) by Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15), ss. 108(3), 148(5), Sch. 20 para. 8; S.I. 2009/382, art. 2
F28Words in s. 412(1) inserted (3.5.2002) by S.I. 2002/1037, reg. 3(3)
F29Words in s. 412(1) substituted (26.6.2017) by The Insolvency Amendment (EU 2015/848) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/702), reg. 1, Sch. para. 25 (with regs. 3, 4)
F30S. 412(2A)(2B) inserted (3.5.2002) by S.I. 2002/1037, reg. 3(4)
F31Words in s. 412(2A) substituted (26.6.2017) by The Insolvency Amendment (EU 2015/848) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/702), reg. 1, Sch. para. 25 (with regs. 3, 4)
F32Words in s. 412(2B) substituted (26.6.2017) by The Insolvency Amendment (EU 2015/848) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/702), reg. 1, Sch. para. 25 (with regs. 3, 4)
F33Words in s. 412(2B) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Insolvency (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/146), reg. 1(3), Sch. para. 38 (with regs. 4, 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F34S. 412(6) inserted (3.4.2006) by Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4), ss. 15(1), 148, Sch. 4 para. 189(3); S.I. 2006/1014, art. 2(a), Sch. 1
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C16S. 412 applied with modifications by S.I. 1986/1999, art. 3, Sch. 1 Pt. II
C17S. 412 extended by Financial Services Act 1986 (c. 60, SIF 69), s. 54(6)
S. 412 extended by Banking Act 1987 (c. 22, SIF 10), s. 62(8)(a)
Ss. 411, 412 extended (E.W.) (25.2.2001) by 2000 c. 8, s. 215(8)(a); S.I. 2001/516, art. 2, Sch. Pt. 1
Marginal Citations
(1)The committee established under section 10 of the M3Insolvency Act 1976 (advisory committee on bankruptcy and winding-up rules) continues to exist for the purpose of being consulted under this section.
(2)The Lord Chancellor shall consult the committee before making any rules under section 411 or 412 [F35other than rules which contain a statement that the only provision made by the rules is provision applying rules made under section 411, with or without modifications, for the purposes of provision made by section [F36any of sections 23 to 26 of the Water Industry Act 1991 or Schedule 3 to that Act]] [F37or by any of sections 59 to 65 of, or Schedule 6 or 7 to, the Railways Act 1993.].
(3)Subject to the next subsection, the committee shall consist of—
(a)a judge of the High Court attached to the Chancery Division;
(b)a circuit judge;
(c)[F38an insolvency and companies court judge];
[F39(d)a district judge;]
(e)a practising barrister;
(f)a practising solictor; and
(g)a practising accountant;
and the appointment of any person as a member of the committee shall be made [F40in accordance with subsection (3A) or (3B)].
[F41(3A)The Lord Chief Justice must appoint the persons referred to in paragraphs (a) to (d) of subsection (3), after consulting the Lord Chancellor.
(3B)The Lord Chancellor must appoint the persons referred to in paragraphs (e) to (g) of subsection (3), after consulting the Lord Chief Justice.]
(4)The Lord Chancellor may appoint as additional members of the committee any persons appearing to him to have qualifications or experience that would be of value to the committee in considering any matter with which it is concerned.
[F42(5)The Lord Chief Justice may nominate a judicial office holder (as defined in section 109(4) of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005) to exercise his functions under this section.]
Textual Amendments
F35Words inserted by Water Act 1989 (c. 15, SIF 130), s. 190, Sch. 25 para. 78(2) (with ss. 58(7), 101(1), 141(6), 160(1)(2)(4), 163, 189(4)–(10), 193(1), Sch. 26 paras. 3(1)(2), 17, 40(4), 57(6), 58)
F36Words in S. 413(2) substituted (1.12.1991) by Water Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1991 (c. 60), ss. 2(1), 4(2), Sch. 1 para. 46.
F37Words in s. 413(2) added (1.4.1994) by 1993 c. 43. ss. 150(1)(o), 152(1), Sch. 12 para.25; S.I. 1994/571, art. 5
F38Words in s. 413(3)(c) substituted (26.2.2018) by The Alteration of Judicial Titles (Registrar in Bankruptcy of the High Court) Order 2018 (S.I. 2018/130), art. 1, Sch. para. 7(b)
F39S. 413(3)(d) substituted (22.4.2014) by Crime and Courts Act 2013 (c. 22), s. 61(3), Sch. 9 para. 93(k); S.I. 2014/954, art. 2(c) (with art. 3) (with transitional provisions and savings in S.I. 2014/956, arts. 3-11)
F40Words in s. 413(3) substituted (3.4.2006) by Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4), ss. 15(1), 148, Sch. 4 para. 190(2); S.I. 2006/1014, art. 2(a), Sch. 1
F41S. 413(3A)(3B) inserted (3.4.2006) by Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4), ss. 15(1), 148, Sch. 4 para. 190(3); S.I. 2006/1014, art. 2(a), Sch. 1
F42S. 413(5) inserted (3.4.2006) by Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4), ss. 15(1), 148, Sch. 4 para. 190(4); S.I. 2006/1014, art. 2(a), Sch. 1
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C18S. 413 applied (with modifications) by S.I. 1986/1999, art. 3, Sch. 1 Pt. II
C19S. 413 applied (1.12.1994) by S.I. 1994/2421, arts. 4(3)(e), 6(3)(e)
C20S. 413 applied (with modifications) (15.3.2024) by The Water Industry (Special Administration) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/205), regs. 2(2), 5(1), 50 (with reg. 64)
C21S. 413(2) excluded (17.2.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 125(8), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, arts. 2, 3, Sch.
C22S. 413(2) excluded (17.2.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 160(6), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, arts. 2, 3, Sch.
C23S. 413(2) excluded (29.3.2009) by The Building Societies (Insolvency and Special Administration) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/805), art. 16
C24S. 413(2) excluded (1.10.2011) by Postal Services Act 2011 (c. 5), ss. 73(4), 93(2)(3); S.I. 2011/2329, art. 3 (with arts. 4, 5)
C25S. 413(2) excluded (3.2.2017) by Housing and Planning Act 2016 (c. 22), ss. 102(6), 216(3) (with ss. 116, 117); S.I. 2017/75, reg. 3(c)
C26S. 413(2) excluded (31.1.2019) by Technical and Further Education Act 2017 (c. 19), ss. 32(2), 47(2); S.I. 2018/1161, reg. 3(a)
Marginal Citations
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