Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988

PART XVI U.K. ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS IN COURSE OF ADMINISTRATION

695 Limited interests in residue. U.K.

M1 (1) The following provisions of this section shall have effect in relation to a person who, during the period commencing on the death of a deceased person and ending on the completion of the administration of his estate (“the administration period”) or during a part of that period, has a limited interest in the residue of the estate or in a part thereof.

(2) When any sum has been paid during the administration period in respect of that limited interest, the amount of that sum shall F1 . . . be deemed for all tax purposes to have been paid to that person as income for the year of assessment in which that sum was paid or, in the case of a sum paid in respect of an interest that has ceased, for the last year of assessment in which it was subsisting.

[F2 (3) Where, on the completion of the administration of the estate, there is an amount which remains payable in respect of that limited interest, that amount shall be deemed for all tax purposes to have been paid to that person as income for the year of assessment in which the administration period ends or, in the case of a sum which is deemed to be paid in respect of an interest that ceased before the end of that period, for the last year of assessment in which that interest was subsisting.]

(4) Any amount which is deemed to have been paid to that person as income for any year by virtue of this section shall—

(a) in the case of a United Kingdom estate, be deemed to be income of such an amount as would after deduction of income tax for that year be equal to the amount deemed to have been so paid, and to be income which has borne income tax at the [F3 applicable rate]; and

(b) in the case of a foreign estate, be deemed to be income of the amount deemed to have been so paid, and shall be chargeable to income tax under Case IV of Schedule D as if it were income arising from securities in a place out of the United Kingdom.

(5) Where—

(a) a person has been charged to income tax for any year by virtue of this section in respect of an amount deemed to have been paid to him as income in respect of an interest in a foreign estate (“the deemed income”), and

(b) any part of the aggregate income of that estate for that year has borne United Kingdom income tax by deduction or otherwise (“the aggregate income”),

the tax so charged on him shall, on proof of the facts on a claim, be reduced by an amount bearing the same proportion thereto as the amount of the deemed income which has borne United Kingdom income tax, less the tax so borne, bears to the amount of the aggregate income, less the tax so borne.

(6) Where relief has been given under subsection (5) above, such part of the amount in respect of which he has been charged to income tax as corresponds to the proportion mentioned in that subsection shall, for the purpose of computing his total income, be deemed to represent income of such an amount as would after deduction of income tax be equal to that part of the amount charged.

Textual Amendments

F1 Words in s. 695(2) repealed (with effect in accordance with Sch. 18 para. 2(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), Sch. 18 para. 2(1), Sch. 29 Pt. 8(10)

F2 S. 695(3) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 18 para. 2(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), Sch. 18 para. 2(1)

F3 Words in s. 695(4)(a) substituted (27.7.1993 with effect for the year 1993-1994 and subsequent years of assessment) by 1993 c. 34, s. 79, Sch. 6 paras. 11(1), 25(1)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 See 1974 s.44(4) and Sch.7 para.9(1)(2)—development gains to be excluded from aggregate income and United Kingdom tax thereon to be left out of account.

Marginal Citations

M1 Source-1970 s.426; 1971 Sch.6 52

696 Absolute interests in residue. U.K.

M2 (1) The following provisions of this section shall have effect in relation to a person who, during the administration period or during a part of that period, has an absolute interest in the residue of the estate of a deceased person or in a part thereof.

(2) There shall be ascertained in accordance with section 697 the amount of the residuary income of the estate for each whole year of assessment, and for each broken part of a year of assessment, during which—

(a) the administration period was current, and

(b) that person had that interest;

and the amount so ascertained in respect of any year or part of a year or, in the case of a person having an absolute interest in a part of a residue, a proportionate part of that amount, is in this Part referred to as the “residuary income” of that person for that year of assessment.

[F4 (3) When any sum has been paid during the administration period in respect of that absolute interest, that sum, except so far as it is excluded from the operation of this subsection, shall be deemed for all tax purposes to have been paid to that person as income for the year of assessment in which it was actually paid.

(3A) A payment shall be excluded from the operation of subsection (3) above to the extent (if any) that the aggregate of that sum and all the sums which—

(a) have been paid previously during the administration period in respect of that absolute interest, and

(b) fall under this section to be treated as paid to that person as income,

exceeds the aggregated income entitlement of that person for the year of assessment in which the sum is paid.

(3B) For the purposes of this section the aggregated income entitlement of that person for any year of assessment is the amount which would be the aggregate of the amounts received for that year of assessment and all previous years of assessment in respect of the interest if that person had a right in each year to receive, and had received—

(a) in the case of a United Kingdom estate, his residuary income for that year less income tax at the applicable rate for that year; and

(b) in the case of a foreign estate, his residuary income for that year.]

(4) In the case of a United Kingdom estate, any amount which is deemed to have been paid to that person as income for any year by virtue of subsection (3) above shall be deemed to be income of such an amount as would, after deduction of income tax for that year, be equal to the amount deemed to have been so paid, and to be income that has borne income tax at the [F5 applicable rate].

[F6 (5) Where, on the completion of the administration of the estate, the aggregate of all the sums which, apart from this subsection—

(a) have been paid during the administration period in respect of that absolute interest, and

(b) fall under this section to be treated as paid to that person as income,

is exceeded by the aggregated income entitlement of that person for the year of assessment in which the administration of the estate is completed, then an amount equal to the amount of the excess shall be treated for the purposes of subsections (3) to (4) above as having been actually paid, immediately before the end of the administration period, in respect of that interest.]

(6) In the case of a foreign estate, any amount which is deemed to have been paid to that person as income for any year by virtue of this section shall be deemed to be income of that amount and shall be chargeable to income tax under Case IV of Schedule D as if it were income arising from securities in a place out of the United Kingdom.

(7) Where—

(a) a person has been charged to income tax for any year by virtue of this section in respect of an amount deemed to have been paid to him as income in respect of an interest in a foreign estate (“the deemed income”), and

(b) any part of the aggregate income of that estate for that year has borne United Kingdom income tax by deduction or otherwise (“the aggregate income”),

the tax so charged on him shall, on proof of the facts on a claim, be reduced by an amount bearing the same proportion thereto as the amount of the deemed income which has borne United Kingdom income tax bears to the amount of the aggregate income.

(8) For the purposes of any charge to corporation tax under this section, the residuary income of a company shall be computed in the first instance by reference to years of assessment, and the residuary income for any such year shall be apportioned between the accounting periods (if more than one) comprising that year.

Textual Amendments

F4 S. 696(3)-(3B) substituted for s. 696(3) (with effect in accordance with Sch. 18 para. 3(3)(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), Sch. 18 para. 3(1)

F5 Words in s. 696(3)-(5) substituted (27.7.1993 with effect for the year 1993-1994 and subsequent years of assessment) by 1993 c. 34, s. 79, Sch. 6 paras. 11(1), 25(1)

F6 S. 695(5) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 18 para. 3(3)(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), Sch. 18 para. 3(2)

Marginal Citations

M2 Source-1970 s.427; 1971 Sch.6 53

697 Supplementary provisions as to absolute interests in residue. U.K.

M3 (1) The amount of the residuary income of an estate for any year of assessment shall be ascertained by deducting from the aggregate income of the estate for that year—

(a) the amount of any annual interest, annuity or other annual payment for that year which is a charge on residue and the amount of any payment made in that year in respect of any such expenses incurred by the personal representatives as such in the management of the assets of the estate as, in the absence of any express provision in a will, would be properly chargeable to income, but excluding any such interest, annuity or payment allowed or allowable in computing the aggregate income of the estate; and

(b) the amount of any of the aggregate income of the estate for that year to which a person has on or after assent become entitled by virtue of a specific disposition either for a vested interest during the administration period or for a vested or contingent interest on the completion of the administration.

[F7 (1A) For the purpose of ascertaining under subsection (1) above the residuary income of an estate for any year, where the amount of the deductions falling to be made from the aggregate income of the estate for that year (including any falling to be made by virtue of this subsection) exceeds the amount of that income, the excess shall be carried forward and treated for that purpose as an amount falling to be deducted from the aggregate income of the estate for the following year.]

(2) In the event of its appearing, on the completion of the administration of an estate in the residue of which, or in a part of the residue of which, a person had an absolute interest at the completion of the administration, that the aggregate of the benefits received in respect of that interest does not amount to as much as the aggregate for all years of the residuary income of the person having that interest, [F8 section 696 shall have effect as if the amount of the deficiency were to be applied in reducing the amount taken to be his residuary income for the year in which the administration of the estate is completed and, in so far as the deficiency exceeds that income, in reducing the amount taken to be his residuary income for the previous year, and so on.]

(3) In subsection (2) above “benefits received” in respect of an absolute interest means the following amounts in respect of all sums paid before, or payable on, the completion of the administration in respect of that interest, that is to say—

(a) as regards a sum paid before the completion of the administration, in the case of a United Kingdom estate such an amount as would, after deduction of income tax for the year of assessment in which that sum was paid, be equal to that sum, or in the case of a foreign estate the amount of that sum; and

(b) as regards a sum payable on the completion of the administration, in the case of a United Kingdom estate such an amount as would, after deduction of income tax for the year of assessment in which the administration is completed, be equal to that sum, or in the case of a foreign estate the amount of that sum.

(4) In the application of subsection (2) above to a residue or a part of a residue in which a person other than the person having an absolute interest at the completion of the administration had an absolute interest at any time during the administration period, the aggregates mentioned in that subsection shall be computed in relation to those interests taken together, and the residuary income of that other person also shall be subject to reduction under that subsection.

Textual Amendments

F7 S. 697(1A) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 18 para. 4(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), Sch. 18 para. 4(1)

F8 Words in s. 697(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 18 para. 4(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), Sch. 18 para. 4(2)

Marginal Citations

M3 Source-1970 s.428; 1971 Sch.6 54

698 Special provisions as to certain interests in residue. U.K.

M4 (1) Where the personal representatives of a deceased person have as such a right in relation to the estate of another deceased person such that, if that right were vested in them for their own benefit, they would have an absolute or limited interest in the residue of that estate or in a part of that residue, they shall be deemed to have that interest notwithstanding that that right is not vested in them for their own benefit, and any amount deemed to be paid to them as income by virtue of this Part shall be treated as part of the aggregate income of the estate of the person whose personal representatives they are.

[F9 (1A) Subsection (1B) below applies where—

(a) successively during the administration period there are different persons with interests in the residue of the estate of a deceased person or in parts of such a residue;

(b) the later interest or, as the case may be, each of the later interests arises or is created on the cessation otherwise than by death of the interest that precedes it; and

(c) the earlier or, as the case may be, earliest interest is a limited interest.

(1B) Where this subsection applies, this Part shall have effect in relation to any payment made in respect of any of the interests referred to in subsection (1A) above—

(a) as if all those interests were the same interest so that none of them is to be treated as having ceased on being succeeded by any of the others;

(b) as if (subject to paragraph (c) below) the interest which is deemed to exist by virtue of paragraph (a) above (“the deemed single interest”) were an interest of—

(i) except in a case to which sub-paragraph (ii) below applies, the person in respect of whose interest or previous interest the payment is made;

(ii) in a case where the person entitled to receive the payment is any other person who has or has had an interest which is deemed to be comprised in the deemed single interest, that other person;

and

(c) in so far as any of the later interests is an absolute interest as if, for the purposes of section 696(3A) to (5)—

(i) the earlier interest or interests had never existed and the absolute interest had always existed;

(ii) the sums (if any) which were deemed in relation to the earlier interest or interests to have been paid as income for any year of assessment to any of the persons entitled thereto were sums previously paid during the administration period in respect of the absolute interest; and

(iii) those sums were sums falling to be treated as sums paid as income to the person entitled to the absolute interest.

(2) Where successively during the administration period there are different persons with absolute interests in the residue of the estate of a deceased person or in parts of such a residue, the aggregate payments and aggregated income entitlement referred to in subsections (3A) and (3B) of section 696 shall be computed for the purposes of that section in relation to an absolute interest subsisting at any time (“the subsequent interest”)—

(a) as if the subsequent interest and any previous absolute interest corresponding to the subsequent interest, or relating to any part of the residue to which the subsequent interest relates, were the same interest; and

(b) as if the residuary income for any year of the person entitled to the previous interest were residuary income of the person entitled to the subsequent interest and any amount deemed to be paid as income to the person entitled to the previous interest were an amount deemed to have been paid to the person entitled to the subsequent interest.]

(3) Where, upon the exercise of a discretion, any of the income of the residue of the estate of a deceased person for any period (being the administration period or a part of the administration period) would, if the residue had been ascertained at the commencement of that period, be properly payable to any person, or to another in his right, for his benefit, whether directly by the personal representatives or indirectly through a trustee or other person—

(a) the amount of any sum paid pursuant to an exercise of the discretion in favour of that person shall be deemed for all tax purposes to have been paid to that person as income for the year of assessment in which it was paid; and

(b) section 695(4) to (6) shall have effect in relation to an amount which is deemed to have been paid as income by virtue of paragraph (a) above.

Textual Amendments

F9 S. 698(1A)(1B)(2) substituted for s. 698(2) (with effect in accordance with Sch. 18 para. 5(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), Sch. 18 para. 5(1)

Marginal Citations

M4 Source-1970 s.429; 1971 Sch.6 55

[F10 [F11 698A Taxation of income of beneficiaries at lower rate or at rates applicable to Schedule F income. U.K.

(1) Subject to subsection (3) below, in so far as any income of any person is treated under this Part as having borne income tax at the lower rate, section 1A shall have effect as if that income were income to which that section applies otherwise than by virtue of the income being income chargeable under Schedule F.

(2) Subject to subsection (3) below, in so far as any income of any person is treated under this Part as having borne income tax at the Schedule F ordinary rate, that income shall be treated as if it were income chargeable under Schedule F.

(3) Subsections (1) and (2) above shall not apply to income paid indirectly through a trustee and treated by virtue of section 698(3) as having borne income tax at the lower rate or the Schedule F ordinary rate; but, subject to section 686(1), section 1A shall have effect as if the payment made to the trustee were income of the trustee—

(a) to which section 1A applies by virtue of the income being chargeable under Schedule F, in the case of income treated as having borne tax at the Schedule F ordinary rate; and

(b) to which section 1A applies otherwise than by virtue of the income being chargeable under Schedule F, in any other case.]]

Textual Amendments

F10 S. 698A inserted (27.7.1993 with effect for the year 1993-1994 and subsequent years of assessment) by 1993 c. 34, s. 79, Sch. 6 paras. 11(2), 25(1)

F11 S. 698A substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 33(11) of the amending Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1997 (c. 58), s. 33(1)

699 Relief from higher rate tax for inheritance tax on accrued income. U.K.

M5 (1) Where any income, having accrued before the death of any person, is taken into account both—

(a) in determining the value of his estate for the purposes of any inheritance tax chargeable on his death; and

(b) in ascertaining for the purposes of this Part the residuary income of his estate for any year of assessment;

then, in ascertaining the excess liability of any person having an absolute interest in the residue of that or any other estate or part thereof, that residuary income shall be treated as reduced by an amount calculated in accordance with the following provisions of this section.

(2) In subsection (1) above “excess liability” means the excess of liability to income tax over what it would be if all income tax [F12 not chargeable [F13 at the starting rate]][F14 were chargeable at the basic rate, or (so far as applicable in accordance with [F15 section 1A]) the lower rate [F16 or the Schedule F ordinary rate],] to the exclusion of [F17 the higher rate and the Schedule F upper rate].

(3) The amount of the reduction shall be an amount which, after deduction of income tax for the year of assessment in question, would be equal to the amount of inheritance tax attributable to so much of the income taken into account as mentioned in subsection (1) above as exceeds any liabilities so taken into account.

(4) The amount of any income accruing before the death of any person and taken into account in estimating the value of an estate shall (whether or not the income was valued separately or its amount known at the date of the death) be taken to be the actual amount so accruing less income tax at the basic rate for the year of assessment in which the death occurred.

(5) The amounts agreed between the persons liable for inheritance tax and the Board, or determined in the proceedings between them, as being respectively the value of an estate and the amount of any inheritance tax payable shall be conclusive for the purposes of this section; and evidence of those amounts and of any facts relevant to their computation may be given by the production of a document purporting to be a certificate from the Board.

(6) In this section—

(a) references to liabilities taken into account in ascertaining the amount of the residuary income of an estate include references to liabilities allowed or allowable in computing its aggregate income; and

(b) references to inheritance tax include references to capital transfer tax.

Textual Amendments

F12 Words in s. 699(2) inserted (16.7.1992) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 19(3)(7)

F13 Words in s. 699(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 22(12) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1999 (c. 16), s. 22(9)(b)

F14 Words in s. 699(2) substituted (27.7.1993 with effect for the year 1993-1994 and subsequent years of assessment) by 1993 c. 34, s. 79, Sch. 6 paras.6, 25(1)

F15 Words in s. 699(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 6 para. 28 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1996 (c. 8), Sch. 6 para. 13

F16 Words in s. 699(2) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 4 para. 17(2) of the amending Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1997 (c. 58), Sch. 4 para. 17(1)(a)

F17 Words in s. 699(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 4 para. 17(2) of the amending Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1997 (c. 58), Sch. 4 para. 17(1)(b)

Marginal Citations

M5 Source-1970 s.430; 1971 Sch.6 56; 1975 Sch.12 16; 1978 Sch.2 11; 1986 s.100

[F18 699A Untaxed sums comprised in the income of the estate. U.K.

(1) In this section “a relevant amount” means so much of any amount which a person is deemed by virtue of this Part to receive or to have a right to receive as is or would be paid out of sums which—

(a) are included in the aggregate income of the estate of the deceased by virtue of any of sections F19 . . . 249(5), 421(2) and 547(1)(c); and

(b) are sums in respect of which the personal representatives are not directly assessable to United Kingdom income tax;

[F20 or out of any sums included in the aggregate income of the estate of the deceased which fall within subsection (1A) below.]

[F21 (1A) A sum falls within this subsection if it is a sum in respect of—

[F22 (a) a distribution chargeable under Schedule F; or

(b)] a distribution to which section 233(1) applies.

(1B) Any reference in this Part to a sum to which subsection (1)(a) and (b) above applies includes a reference to a sum falling within subsection (1A) above which is included in the aggregate income of the estate of the deceased.]

(2) In determining for the purposes of this Part whether any amount is a relevant amount—

(a) such apportionments of any sums to which subsection (1)(a) and (b) above applies shall be made between different persons with interests in the residue of the estate as are just and reasonable in relation to their different interests; and

(b) subject to paragraph (a) above, the [F23 assumptions] in section 701(3A)(b) shall apply, but (subject to that) it shall be assumed that payments are to be made out of other sums comprised in the aggregate income of the estate before they are made out of any sums to which subsection (1)(a) and (b) above applies.

(3) In the case of a foreign estate, and notwithstanding anything in section 695(4)(b) or 696(6), a relevant amount shall be deemed—

(a) to be income of such amount as would, after deduction of income tax for the year in which it is deemed to be paid, be equal to the relevant amount; and

(b) to be income that has borne tax at the applicable rate.

(4) Sums to which subsection (1)(a) and (b) above applies shall be assumed, for the purpose of determining the applicable rate in relation to any relevant amount, to bear tax—

(a) in the case of sums included by virtue of section F19 . . . 249(5) or 421(2), at the [F24 Schedule F ordinary rate], and

(b) in the case of sums included by virtue of section 547(1)(c), at the basic rate [F25 ; and

(c) in the case of sums falling within subsection (1A) above, at the [F24 Schedule F ordinary rate].]

(5) No repayment shall be made of any income tax which by virtue of this Part is treated as having been borne by the income that is represented by a relevant amount.

(6) For the purposes of sections 348 and 349(1) the income represented by a relevant amount shall be treated as not brought into charge to income tax [F26 except to the extent that the relevant amount is or would be paid out of sums in respect of a distribution chargeable under Schedule F].]

Textual Amendments

F18 S. 699A inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 76(6) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 76(4)

F19 Words in s. 699A(1)(a)(4)(a) repealed (with effect in accordance with Sch. 6 para. 12(2) of the repealing Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1997 (c. 58), Sch. 6 para. 12(1), Sch. 8 Pt. 2(11)

F20 Words in s. 699A(1) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(5) of the amending Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1997 (c. 58), s. 21(2)

F21 S. 699A(1A)(1B) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(5) of the amending Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1997 (c. 58), s. 21(3)

F22 Words in s. 699A(1A) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 33(10) of the amending Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1997 (c. 58), s. 33(3)

F23 Word in s. 699A(2)(b) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 33(11) of the amending Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1997 (c. 58), s. 33(4)

F24 Words in s. 699A(4)(a)(c) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 33(11) of the amending Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1997 (c. 58), s. 33(5)

F25 S. 699A(4)(c) and preceding word inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(5) of the amending Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1997 (c. 58), s. 21(4)

F26 Words in s. 699A(6) added (with effect in accordance with s. 33(11) of the amending Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1997 (c. 58), s. 33(6)

700 Adjustments and information. U.K.

M6 (1) Where on the completion of the administration of an estate any amount is deemed by virtue of this Part to have been paid to any person as income for any year of assessment and—

(a) that amount is greater than the amount that has previously been deemed to have been paid to him as income for that year by virtue of this Part; or

(b) no amount has previously been so deemed to have been paid to him as income for that year;

an assessment may be made upon him for that year and tax charged accordingly or, on a claim being made for the purpose, any relief or additional relief to which he may be entitled shall be allowed accordingly.

(2) Where on the completion of the administration of an estate any amount is deemed by virtue of this Part to have been paid to any person as income for any year of assessment, and that amount is less than the amount that has previously been so deemed to have been paid to him, then—

(a) if an assessment has already been made upon him for that year, such adjustments shall be made in that assessment as may be necessary for the purpose of giving effect to the provisions of this Part which take effect on the completion of the administration, and any tax overpaid shall be repaid; and

(b) if—

(i) any relief has been allowed to him by reference to the amount which has been previously deemed by virtue of this Part to have been paid to him as income for that year, and

(ii) the amount of that relief exceeds the amount of relief which could have been given by reference to the amount which, on the completion of the administration, is deemed to have been paid to him as income for that year,

the relief so given in excess may, if not otherwise made good, be charged under Case VI of Schedule D and recovered from that person accordingly.

(3) Notwithstanding anything in the Tax Acts, the time within which an assessment may be made for the purposes of this Part, or an assessment may be adjusted for those purposes, or a claim for relief may be made by virtue of this Part, shall not expire before the end of the [F27 period of three years beginning with the 31st January next] following the year of assessment in which the administration of the estate in question was completed.

(4) An inspector may by notice require any person being or having been a personal representative of a deceased person, or having or having had an absolute or limited interest in the residue of the estate of a deceased person or in a part of such residue, to furnish him within such time as he may direct (not being less than 28 days) with such particulars as he thinks necessary for the purposes of this Part.

[F28 (5) It shall be the duty of a personal representative of a deceased person, if a request to do so is made in writing by a person who has, or has had, an absolute or limited interest in the residue of the estate of the deceased or by a person to whom any of the income of the residue of that estate has been paid in the exercise of any discretion, to furnish the person making the request with a statement in writing setting out—

(a) in respect of every amount which has been, or is treated as having been, actually paid to that person in respect of that interest or in the exercise of that discretion, the amount (if any) deemed under this Part to have been paid to him as income for a year of assessment; and

(b) the amount of any tax at the applicable rate which any amount falling within paragraph (a) above is deemed to have borne;

and, where an amount deemed to have been paid as income to any person for any year of assessment is deemed for any of the purposes of this Part to have borne tax on different parts of it at different applicable rates, the matters to be set out in pursuance of paragraphs (a) and (b) above shall be set out separately as respects each part of that amount.

(6) The duty imposed by subsection (5) above shall be enforceable at the suit or instance of the person making the request.]

Textual Amendments

F27 Words in s. 700(3) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 135(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1996 (c. 8), Sch. 21 para. 20

F28 S. 700(5)(6) inserted (1.5.1995) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), Sch. 18 para. 6

Marginal Citations

M6 Source-1970 s.431; 1971 Sch.6 57

701 Interpretation. U.K.

(1) M7 The following provisions of this section shall have effect for the purpose of the interpretation of sections 695 to 700.

(2) A person shall be deemed to have an absolute interest in the residue of the estate of a deceased person, or in a part of such residue, if and so long as the capital of the residue or of that part would, if the residue had been ascertained, be properly payable to him, or to another in his right, for his benefit, or is properly so payable, whether directly by the personal representatives or indirectly through a trustee or other person.

(3) A person shall be deemed to have a limited interest in the residue of the estate of a deceased person, or in a part of such residue, during any period, being a period during which he has not an absolute interest in the residue or in that part, where the income of the residue or of that part for that period would, if the residue had been ascertained at the commencement of that period, be properly payable to him, or to another in his right, for his benefit, whether directly by the personal representatives or indirectly through a trustee or other person.

[F29 (3A) “Applicable rate”, in relation to any amount which a person is deemed by virtue of this Part to receive or to have a right to receive, means the basic rate [F30 , the lower rate or the Schedule F ordinary rate] according as the income of the residue of the estate out of which that amount is or would be paid bears tax at the basic rate [F30 , the lower rate or the Schedule F ordinary rate]; and in determining for the purposes of this Part whether or how much of any payment is or would be deemed to be made out of income that bears tax at one rate rather than another—

(a) such apportionments of the amounts bearing tax at different rates shall be made between different persons with interests in the residue of the estate as are just and reasonable in relation to their different interests; and

(b) subject to paragraph (a) above, it shall be assumed that—

[F31 (i)] payments are to be made out of income bearing tax at the basic rate before they are made out of income bearing tax at the lower rate [F32 or the Schedule F ordinary rate][F33 ; and

(ii) that payments are to be made out of income bearing tax at the lower rate before they are made out of income bearing tax at the Schedule F ordinary rate.]]

(4) “Personal representatives” means, in relation to the estate of a deceased person, his personal representatives as defined in relation to England and Wales by section 55 of the M8 Administration of Estates Act 1925, and persons having in relation to the deceased under the law of another country any functions corresponding to the functions for administration purposes under the law of England and Wales of personal representatives as so defined; and references to “personal representatives as such” shall be construed as references to personal representatives in their capacity as having such functions.

(5) “Specific disposition” means a specific devise or bequest made by a testator, and includes the disposition of personal chattels made by section 46 of the Administration of Estates Act 1925 and any disposition having, whether by virtue of any enactment or otherwise, under the law of another country an effect similar to that of a specific devise or bequest under the law of England and Wales.

Real estate included (either by a specific or general description) in a residuary gift made by the will of a testator shall be deemed to be a part of the residue of his estate and not to be the subject of a specific disposition.

(6) Subject to subsection (7) below, “charges on residue” means, in relation to the estate of a deceased person, the following liabilities, properly payable thereout and interest payable in respect of those liabilities, that is to say—

(a) funeral, testamentary and administration expenses and debts, and

(b) general legacies, demonstrative legacies, annuities and any sum payable out of residue to which a person is entitled under the law of intestacy of any part of the United Kingdom or any other country, and

(c) any other liabilities of his personal representatives as such.

(7) Where, as between persons interested under a specific disposition or in a general or demonstrative legacy or in an annuity and persons interested in the residue of the estate, any such liabilities as are mentioned in subsection (6) above fall exclusively or primarily upon the property that is the subject of the specific disposition or upon the legacy or annuity, only such part (if any) of those liabilities as falls ultimately upon the residue shall be treated as charges on residue.

(8) References to the aggregate income of the estate of a deceased person for any year of assessment shall be construed as references to the aggregate income from all sources for that year of the personal representatives of the deceased as such, treated as consisting of—

(a) any such income which is chargeable to United Kingdom income tax by deduction or otherwise, such income being computed at the amount on which that tax falls to be borne for that year; and

(b) any such income which would have been so chargeable if it had arisen in the United Kingdom to a person resident and ordinarily resident there, such income being computed at the full amount thereof actually arising during that year, less such deductions as would have been allowable if it had been charged to United Kingdom income tax;

but excluding any income from property devolving on the personal representatives otherwise than as assets for payment of the debts of the deceased.

This subsection has effect subject to sections [F34 F35 . . . ] 249(5), 421(2), 426(3) F36 and 547(1)(c).

(9) “United Kingdom estate” means, as regards any year of assessment, an estate the income of which comprises only income which either—

(a) has borne United Kingdom income tax by deduction, or

(b) in respect of which the personal representatives are directly assessable to United Kingdom income tax,

not being an estate any part of the income of which is income in respect of which the personal representatives are entitled to claim exemption from United Kingdom income tax by reference to the fact that they are not resident, or not ordinarily resident, in the United Kingdom.

(10) “Foreign estate” means, as regards any year of assessment, an estate which is not a United Kingdom estate.

[F37 (10A) Amounts to which section 699A(1)(a) and (b) applies shall be disregarded in determining whether an estate is a United Kingdom estate or a foreign estate, except that any estate the aggregate income of which comprises only such amounts shall be a United Kingdom estate.]

(11) In a case in which different parts of the estate of a deceased person are the subjects respectively of different residuary dispositions, this Part shall have effect in relation to each of those parts with the substitution—

(a) for references to the estate of references to that part of the estate; and

(b) for references to the personal representatives of the deceased as such of references to his personal representatives in their capacity as having the functions referred to in subsection (4) above in relation to that part of the estate.

(12) In this Part—

(a) references to sums paid include references to assets that are transferred or that are appropriated by a personal representative to himself, and to debts that are set off or released;

(b) references to sums payable include references to assets as to which an obligation to transfer or a right of a personal representative to appropriate to himself is subsisting on the completion of the administration and to debts as to which an obligation to release or set off, or a right of a personal representative so to do in his own favour, is then subsisting; and

(c) references to amount shall be construed, in relation to such assets as are referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) above, as references to their value at the date on which they were transferred or appropriated, or at the completion of the administration, as the case may require, and, in relation to such debts as are so referred to, as references to the amount thereof.

(13) M9 In this Part references to the administration period shall be construed in accordance with section 695(1).

(14) F38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F29 S. 701(3A) inserted (27.7.1993 with effect for the year 1993-1994 and subsequent years of assessment) by 1993 c. 34, s. 79, Sch. 6 paras. 11(3), 25(1)

F30 Words in s. 701(3A) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 33(11) of the amending Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1997 (c. 58), s. 33(8)

F31 Words in s. 701(3A)(b) renumbered as s. 701(3A)(b)(i) (with effect in accordance with s. 33(11) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance (No. 2) Act 1997 (c. 58), s. 33(9)(a)

F32 Words in s. 701(3A)(b)(i) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 33(11) of the amending Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1997 (c. 58), s. 33(9)(b)

F33 S. 701(3A)(b)(ii) added (with effect in accordance with s. 33(11) of the amending Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1997 (c. 58), s. 33(9)(c)

F34 Words in s. 701(8) inserted (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 16 para. 16

F35 Words in s. 701(8) repealed (with effect in accordance with Sch. 6 para. 13(2) of the repealing Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1997 (c. 58), Sch. 6 para. 13(1), Sch. 8 Pt. 2(11)

F36 Words

“426(3)”

repealed by 1989 s.187and Sch.17 Part Vin relation to accounting periods beginning after 31March 1989.

F37 S. 701(10A) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 76(6) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 76(5)

F38 S. 701(14) repealed (1.5.1995) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), Sch. 18 para. 7, Sch. 29 Pt. 8(10)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C2 Definition applied for purposes of 1979(C)—see 1979(C) s.155(1).

Marginal Citations

M7 Source-1970 s.432; 1972 Sch.24 25; 1975 (No.2) s.34(5)

M8 1925 c. 23.

M9 Source-1970 s.426(1)

702 Application to Scotland. U.K.

M10 For the purpose of the application of this Part to Scotland—

(a) any reference to the completion of the administration of an estate shall be construed as a reference to the date at which, after discharge of, or provision for, liabilities falling to be met out of the deceased’s estate (including, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, debts, legacies immediately payable, prior rights of surviving spouse on intestacy and legal rights of surviving spouse or children), the free balance held in trust for behoof of the residuary legatees has been ascertained;

(b) for paragraph (b) of section 697(1) the following paragraph shall be substituted—

“(b) the amount of any of the aggregate income of the estate for that year to which a person has become entitled by virtue of a specific disposition”;

(c) “real estate” means heritable estate, and

(d) “charge on residue” shall include, in addition to the liabilities specified in section 701(6), any sums required to meet claims in respect of prior rights by surviving spouse or in respect of legal rights by surviving spouse or children.

Marginal Citations

M10 Source-1970 s.433; 1987 Sch.15 2(15)