a person must not use a motor vehicle on a road F1or other public place unless there is in force in relation to the use of the vehicle by that person such a policy of insurance or such a security in respect of third party risks as complies with the requirements of this Part of this Act, and

a person must not cause or permit any other person to use a motor vehicle on a road F2or other public place unless there is in force in relation to the use of the vehicle by that other person such a policy of insurance or such a security in respect of third party risks as complies with the requirements of this Part of this Act.

that the vehicle did not belong to him and was not in his possession under a contract of hiring or of loan,

that he was using the vehicle in the course of his employment, and

that he neither knew nor had reason to believe that there was not in force in relation to the vehicle such a policy of insurance or security as is mentioned in subsection (1) above.

to a vehicle owned by F16a local policing body or a police authority F17or the Receiver for the Metropolitan Police district, at a time when it is being driven under the owner’s control, or to a vehicle at a time when it is being driven for police purposes by or under the direction of a constable, F18by a member of a police and crime commissioner's staff (within the meaning of Part 1 of the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011), by a member of the staff of the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (within the meaning of that Part of that Act), by a member of the civilian staff of a police force (within the meaning of that Part of that Act), by a member of the civilian staff of the metropolitan police force (within the meaning of that Part of that Act), by a person employed by the Common Council of the City of London in its capacity as a police authority, F19by a police volunteer designated under section 38 of the Police Reform Act 2002, or by a person employed by a police authority, F17..., or

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

to a vehicle at a time when it is being driven on a journey to or from any place undertaken for salvage purposes pursuant to Part IX of the F21Merchant Shipping Act 1995,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

to a vehicle owned by a health service body, as defined in section 60(7) of the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 F24...F25or by a Local Health Board established under section 11 of the National Health Service (Wales) Act 2006, at a time when the vehicle is being driven under the owner’s control.

to an ambulance owned by a National Health Service trust established under F26section 25 of the National Health Service Act 2006, section 18 of the National Health Service (Wales) Act 2006 or the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978, at a time when a vehicle is being driven under the owner’s control

to an ambulance owned by an NHS foundation trust, at a time when the vehicle is being driven under the owner’s control,

to a vehicle which is made available by the Secretary of State F28or the Welsh Ministers to any person, body or local authority in pursuance of F29section 12 or 80 of the National Health Service Act 2006, or section 10 or 38 of the National Health Service (Wales) Act 2006, at a time when it is being used in accordance with the terms on which it is so made available,

to a vehicle which is made available by the Secretary of State to any local authority, education authority or voluntary organisation in Scotland in pursuance of section 15 or 16 of the M1National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978 at a time when it is being used in accordance with the terms on which it is so made available.

to a vehicle owned by F31the Care Quality Commission, at a time when the vehicle is being driven under the owner’s control

it is covered by a such a policy of insurance or such a security in respect of third party risks as complies with the requirements of this Part of this Act, and

either of the following conditions is satisfied.

the policy or security covers any vehicle, or any vehicle of a particular description, the owner of which is a person named in the policy or security or in the certificate of insurance or security which relates to it, and

the vehicle is owned by that person.

in subsection (1) of section 144 of this Act, or

in paragraph (a), (b), (da), (db), (dc) or (g) of subsection (2) of that section,

is not at the relevant time the person keeping the vehicle, and

if previously he was the person keeping the vehicle, he has by the relevant time complied with any requirements under subsection (7)(a) below that he is required to have complied with by the relevant or any earlier time.

the registered keeper is at the relevant time the person keeping the vehicle,

at the relevant time the vehicle is not used on a road or other public place, and

the registered keeper has by the relevant time complied with any requirements under subsection (7)(a) below that he is required to have complied with by the relevant or any earlier time.

the vehicle has been stolen before the relevant time,

the vehicle has not been recovered by the relevant time, and

any requirements under subsection (7)(b) below that, in connection with the theft, are required to have been complied with by the relevant or any earlier time have been complied with by the relevant time.

the registered keeper is at the relevant time the person keeping the vehicle,

neither a licence nor a nil licence under the Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994 was in force for the vehicle on 31^st January 1998,

neither a licence nor a nil licence has been taken out for the vehicle for a period starting after that date, and

the vehicle has not been used or kept on a public road after that date.

for the purposes of subsection (4)(b) and (5)(c) above, requiring a person in whose name a vehicle is registered to furnish such particulars and make such declarations as may be prescribed, and to do so at such times and in such manner as may be prescribed, and

for the purposes of subsection (6)(c) above, as to the persons to whom, the times at which and the manner in which the theft of a vehicle is to be notified.

no proceedings may be instituted for that offence before the end of the period of 21 days following the date of the notice, and

he may not be convicted of that offence if he pays the fixed penalty before the end of that period.

the period during which, by virtue of subsection (2) above, proceedings will not be taken for the offence,

the amount of the fixed penalty, and

the person to whom and the address at which the fixed penalty may be paid.

as to the form of a notice under this section,

as to the information to be provided in such a notice by virtue of this section, and

as to any further information to be provided in a such notice.

purports to be signed by or on behalf of the Secretary of State, and

states that payment of a fixed penalty was or was not received by a date specified in the certificate,

in England and Wales, in a magistrates' court, and

in Scotland, in any court other than the High Court of Justiciary or the Court of Session.

must insure such person, persons or classes of persons as may be specified in the policy in respect of any liability which may be incurred by him or them in respect of the death of or bodily injury to any person or damage to property caused by, or arising out of, the use of the vehicle on a road F34or other public place in Great Britain, and

must also insure him or them in respect of any liability which may be incurred by him or them under the provisions of this Part of this Act relating to payment for emergency treatment.

to cover liability in respect of the death, arising out of and in the course of his employment, of a person in the employment of a person insured by the policy or of bodily injury sustained by such a person arising out of and in the course of his employment, or

to provide insurance of more than F39£1,200,000 in respect of all such liabilities as may be incurred in respect of damage to property caused by, or arising out of, any one accident involving the vehicle, or

to cover liability in respect of damage to the vehicle, or

to cover liability in respect of damage to goods carried for hire or reward in or on the vehicle or in or on any trailer (whether or not coupled) drawn by the vehicle, or

to cover any liability of a person in respect of damage to property in his custody or under his control, or

to cover any contractual liability.

carried in or upon a vehicle, or

entering or getting on to, or alighting from, a vehicle,

in relation to any policy issued by the insurer before ceasing to be such a member, or

in relation to any obligation (whether arising before or after the insurer ceased to be such a member) which the insurer may be called upon to meet under or in consequence of any such policy or under section 157 of this Act F42. . . by virtue of making a payment in pursuance of such an obligation.

in the case of an undertaking relating to the use of public service vehicles (within the meaning of the M3Public Passenger Vehicles Act 1981), £25,000,

in any other case, £5,000.

it is transmitted electronically by the insurer to the person in accordance with subsection (1B) below, or

it is made available by the insurer to the person on a website in accordance with subsection (1C) below.

on effecting the policy to which the certificate relates, the person agreed to its electronic transmission for the purposes of subsection (1) above, and

the certificate is transmitted by the insurer to an electronic address specified by the person for this purpose.

on effecting the policy to which the certificate relates, the person agreed to its being made available on a website for the purposes of subsection (1) above,

the insurer makes the certificate available to the person by placing an electronic copy of it on a website, and

the insurance of the persons insured by the policy, or

the operation of the security,

the age or physical or mental condition of persons driving the vehicle,

the condition of the vehicle,

the number of persons that the vehicle carries,

the weight or physical characteristics of the goods that the vehicle carries,

the time at which or the areas within which the vehicle is used,

the horsepower or cylinder capacity or value of the vehicle,

the carrying on the vehicle of any particular apparatus, or

the carrying on the vehicle of any particular means of identification other than any means of identification required to be carried by or under F52the Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994.

that no liability shall arise under the policy or security, or

that any liability so arising shall cease,

to negative or restrict any such liability of the user in respect of persons carried in or upon the vehicle as is required by section 145 of this Act to be covered by a policy of insurance, or

to impose any conditions with respect to the enforcement of any such liability of the user.

references to a person being carried in or upon a vehicle include references to a person entering or getting on to, or alighting from, the vehicle, and

the reference to an antecedent agreement is to one made at any time before the liability arose.

restricts the insurance of the persons insured by the policy or the operation of the security (as the case may be) to use of the vehicle for specified purposes (for example, social, domestic and pleasure purposes) of a non-commercial character, or

the vehicle is not adapted to carry more than eight passengers and is not a motor cycle,

the fare or aggregate of the fares paid in respect of the journey does not exceed the amount of the running costs of the vehicle for the journey (which for the purposes of this paragraph shall be taken to include an appropriate amount in respect of depreciation and general wear), and

the arrangements for the payment of fares by the passenger or passengers carried at separate fares were made before the journey began.

it is a liability covered by the terms of the policy or security F54..., and the judgment is obtained against any person who is insured by the policy or whose liability is covered by the security, as the case may be, or

it is a liability, other than an excluded liability, which would be so covered if the policy insured all persons or, as the case may be, the security covered the liability of all persons, and the judgment is obtained against any person other than one who is insured by the policy or, as the case may be, whose liability is covered by the security.

did not know and had no reason to believe that the vehicle had been stolen or unlawfully taken until after the commencement of his journey, and

could not reasonably have been expected to have alighted from the vehicle.

as regards liability in respect of death or bodily injury, any sum payable under the judgment in respect of the liability, together with any sum which, by virtue of any enactment relating to interest on judgments, is payable in respect of interest on that sum,

as regards liability in respect of damage to property, any sum required to be paid under subsection (6) below, and

any amount payable in respect of costs.

where the total of any amounts paid, payable or likely to be payable under the policy or security in respect of damage to property caused by, or arising out of, the accident in question does not exceed F55£1,200,000, the payment of any sum payable under the judgment in respect of the liability, together with any sum which, by virtue of any enactment relating to interest on judgments, is payable in respect of interest on that sum,

that amount, in a case where he became liable to pay it by virtue only of subsection (3) above, or

in a case where that amount exceeds the amount for which he would, apart from the provisions of this section, be liable under the policy or security in respect of that liability, the excess.

is insured by the policy, or whose liability is covered by the security, by the terms of which the liability would be covered if the policy insured all persons or, as the case may be, the security covered the liability of all persons, and

caused or permitted the use of the vehicle which gave rise to the liability.

“insurer” includes a person giving a security,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

“liability covered by the terms of the policy or security” means a liability which is covered by the policy or security or which would be so covered but for the fact that the insurer is entitled to avoid or cancel, or has avoided or cancelled, the policy or security.

in respect of any judgment unless, before or within seven days after the commencement of the proceedings in which the judgment was given, the insurer had notice of the bringing of the proceedings, or

in respect of any judgment so long as execution on the judgment is stayed pending an appeal, or

if he has avoided the policy F61 under either of the relevant insurance enactments, or the security on that ground, that he was entitled so to do apart from any provision contained in F62the policy or security