(1)The following provisions of this section have effect where the profits of an insurance company in respect of its life assurance business are, for the purposes of the Taxes Act 1988, computed in accordance with the provisions of that Act applicable to Case I of Schedule D.
[F3( 2 )There shall be taken into account as receipts of a period of account amounts (so far as referable to that business) brought into account for the period of account as—
(a)investment income receivable before deduction of tax,
(b)an increase in the value of non-linked assets,
(c)an increase in the value of linked assets, F4...
(d)other income; [F5or
(e)business transfers-in.]
and if amounts (so far as so referable) are brought into account for a period of account as a decrease in the value of non-linked assets or a decrease in the value of linked assets they shall be taken into account as an expense of the period of account.
(2A)But subsection (2) above does not require to be taken into account as receipts of a period of account so much of the amounts brought into account as mentioned in [F6paragraphs (a) to (e)] of that subsection for the period of account as—
[F7(a)comprises notional income for the period of account (see subsections (2AA) and (2AB)),
(aa)represents an inter-fund transfer (see subsections (2AC) and (2AD)),]
(b)is exempted by section 444AC(2) of the Taxes Act 1988 (transfers of business), or
(c)consists of interest paid under section 826 of the Taxes Act 1988 (interest on tax overpaid) in respect of a repayment or payment relating to an accounting period of the company ending before 1st July 1999;
but, subject to that, the whole of the amounts so brought into account for a period of account shall be taken into account as receipts of the period of account.
[F8(2AA)For the purposes of subsection (2A)(a) above, an amount brought into account as mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (d) of subsection (2) above for a period of account is to be regarded as notional income for the period of account if—
(a)it represents income which has not been received, and is not receivable, from another person, and
(b)a corresponding notional expense of the same amount is brought into account in the period of account;
and where particular income falls to be regarded as notional income under this subsection, the notional expense by virtue of which that income falls to be so regarded may not be taken into account for determining whether any other income is to be so regarded.
(2AB)In subsection (2AA) above “notional expense” means an expense which has not been paid, and is not payable, to another person and which—
(a)is not deductible in computing the profits of the company in respect of its life assurance business in accordance with the provisions of the Taxes Act 1988 applicable to Case I of Schedule D, but
(b)had it represented an amount paid or payable to another person, would have been so deductible.
(2AC)For the purposes of subsection (2A)(aa) above, where—
(a)one or more inter-fund transfers (“transfers-in”) are made into a fund and one or more inter-fund transfers (“transfers-out”) are made out of the fund, and
(b)the amount brought into account for the period of account as other income in respect of the transfers-in represents the amount by which—
(i)the amount or aggregate amount of the transfers-in, exceeds
(ii)the amount or aggregate amount of the transfers-out,
only the amount of that excess shall be taken to represent the transfers-in.
(2AD)In this section “inter-fund transfer” means a transfer between two funds which in the company’s periodical return is shown in, or included in amounts shown in, line 14 or 33 of the Forms 58 for the funds.]
(2B)If any assets of the company’s long-term insurance fund are transferred by the company so that they cease to be assets of that fund, but the transfer is not brought into account as part of total expenditure [F9, or as a business transfer-out,] for the period of account in which the transfer takes place or any earlier period of account, the fair value of the assets at the time of the transfer shall be deemed to be brought into account for the period of account in which the transfer takes place as an increase in the value of the assets of that fund unless the assets are excluded from this subsection by—
(a)subsection (2C) or (2D) below, or
(b)section 444AD of the Taxes Act 1988 (transfers of business).
[F10For the purposes of this subsection “total expenditure”, in relation to a period of account of an insurance company, includes any expenses brought into account in line 12 of Form 40 (the revenue account) in the periodical return of the company for the period of account.]
(2C)Assets transferred to discharge liabilities in respect of deposits received from reinsurers or arising out of insurance operations, debenture loans or amounts borrowed from credit institutions are included in subsection (2B) above only if the deposits, loans or amounts borrowed—
(a)were brought into account for any period of account, but
(b)were not taken into account as receipts of the period of account under subsection (2) above.
(2D)Assets are excluded from subsection (2B) above if they are transferred for at least their fair value and the consideration for their transfer, when received, forms part of the company’s long-term insurance fund.
(2E)If subsection (2B) above applies in relation to the transfer of all the assets of the company’s long term insurance fund in accordance with—
(a)an insurance business transfer scheme, or
(b)a scheme which would be such a scheme but for section 105(1)(b) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (which requires the business transferred to be carried on in an EEA State),
the reference in that subsection to an amount being deemed to be brought into account for the period of account in which the transfer takes place is to its being so deemed for the period of account ending immediately before the transfer takes place.]
[F11(3)In ascertaining whether or to what extent a company has incurred a loss in respect of [F12its life assurance business in a case where assets are] added to the company’s [F13long-term insurance] fund as part of or in connection with—
(a)a transfer of business to the company, or
(b)a demutualisation of the company not involving a transfer of business,
that amount shall (subject to subsection (4) below) be taken into account [F14under subsection (2) above], for the period for which it is brought into account, as an increase in value of the assets of [F15the long-term insurance fund].
F11( 4 )Subsection (3) above does not apply where, or to the extent that, the amount concerned—
(a)would fall to be taken into account as a receipt apart from this section,
(b)is taken into account under subsection (2) above otherwise than by virtue of subsection (3) above, or
[F16(c)represents so much of the proceeds of the disposal of an asset of the long-term insurance fund as does not exceed its fair value or an asset acquired for at least its fair value which is added to that fund.]
F11( 5 )Any amount which is to be taken into account pursuant to subsection (3) above for a period of account shall be so taken into account—
(a)after the making of any reduction under subsection (6) of section 83AA below in relation to that period, F17...
F17(b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F11( 6 ) In subsection (3) above “ transfer of business ” means—
[F18(a)a transfer, under an insurance business transfer scheme, of business which consists of the effecting or carrying out of contracts of long-term insurance;]
(b)a qualifying overseas transfer, within the meaning of paragraph 4A of Schedule 19AC to the Taxes Act 1988; or
(c)the making of a contract of reinsurance which, in whole or in part, constitutes or forms part of a total reinsurance by the reinsured, unless the reinsurer under the contract falls within section 439A of the Taxes Act 1988 (pure reinsurance).
F19[F20(6A)]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[F21(6B)A contract which reinsures risk in respect of insurances to be made only after the making of the contract of reinsurance can constitute a transfer of business by virtue of subsection (6)(c) above only if a potential advantage is conferred on the reinsurer by the contract.
(6C)For the purposes of subsection (6B) above a potential advantage is conferred on the reinsurer by the contract if, taking the contract as “the actual provision” for the purposes of Schedule 28AA to the Taxes Act 1988, the effect of making the actual provision instead of the arm’s length provision (within the meaning of that Schedule) would have in relation to the reinsurer the effect specified in paragraph 5(1)(b) of that Schedule.]
(7)For the purposes of subsection (3)(a) above, a transfer of business falling within subsection (6)(c) above shall be treated as a transfer of business to the company which is the reinsurer under the contract of reinsurance.
F11( 8 )In this section—
“ add ”, in relation to an amount and a company’s [F22 long-term insurance ] fund, includes transfer (whether from other assets of the company or otherwise);
“ demutualisation ” means the conversion, under the law of any territory, of a company which has been carrying on insurance business without having a share capital into a company with a share capital, without any change of legal personality;
[F23“fair value”, in relation to assets, means the amount which would be obtained from an independent person purchasing them or, if the assets are money, its amount;]
“ total reinsurance ” means the reinsurance (whether effected by a single contract of reinsurance or by two or more such contracts, taken together, whether or not made with the same reinsurer) of the whole, or substantially the whole, of the reinsured’s risk—
(a)under policies of a particular description issued in respect of insurances made in the course of carrying on life assurance business F24...; or
(b)under contracts of a particular description so made.]
This subsection does not apply where, or to the extent that, the amount concerned—
would fall to be taken into account as a receipt apart from this section,
is otherwise taken into account under subsection (2) above, or
is specifically exempted from tax.]
Textual Amendments
F1Ss. 83, 83A substituted for s. 83 (1.5.1995) by 1995 c. 4, s. 51, Sch. 8 Pt. I para. 16(1) (with Sch. 8 paras. 55(2), 57(1))
F2Word in s. 83 heading substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 33 para. 2(12) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2003 (c. 14), Sch. 33 para. 2(10)
F3S. 83(2)-(2E) substituted for s. 83(2) (with effect in accordance with Sch. 33 para. 2(12) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2003 (c. 14), Sch. 33 para. 2(2)
F4Word in s. 83(2)(c) omitted (with effect in accordance with art. 1 of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Insurance Companies (Corporation Tax Acts) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/3266), arts. 1, 8(2)(a)
F5S. 83(2)(e) and preceding word added (with effect in accordance with art. 1 of the amending S.I.) by The Insurance Companies (Corporation Tax Acts) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/3266), arts. 1, 8(2)(b)
F6Words in s. 83(2A) substituted (with effect in accordance with art. 1 of the amending S.I.) by The Insurance Companies (Corporation Tax Acts) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/3266), arts. 1, 8(3)
F7S. 83(2A)(a)(aa) substituted for s. 83(2A)(a) (with effect in accordance with Sch. 9 para. 12(5) of the amending Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 2005 (c. 22), Sch. 9 para. 12(2)
F8S. 83(2AA)-(2AD) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 9 para. 12(5) of the amending Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 2005 (c. 22), Sch. 9 para. 12(3)
F9Words in s. 83(2B) inserted (with effect in accordance with art. 1 of the amending S.I.) by The Insurance Companies (Corporation Tax Acts) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/3266), arts. 1, 8(4)
F10Words in s. 83(2B) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 9 para. 12(6) of the amending Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 2005 (c. 22), Sch. 9 para. 12(4)
F11S. 83(3)-(8) substituted for s. 83(3) (29.4.1996 with effect as mentioned in Sch. 31 para. 10(2) of the amending Act) by 1996 c. 8, s. 163, Sch. 31 para. 4
F12Words in s. 83(3) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 33 para. 2(12) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2003 (c. 14), Sch. 33 para. 2(3)(a)
F13Words in s. 83(2)(a)(3) substituted (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/329, art. 60(1)(a)
F14Words in s. 83(3) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 33 para. 2(12) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2003 (c. 14), Sch. 33 para. 2(3)(b)
F15Words in s. 83(3) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 33 para. 2(12) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2003 (c. 14), Sch. 33 para. 2(3)(c)
F16S. 83(4)(c) substituted (10.7.2003) by Finance Act 2003 (c. 14), Sch. 33 para. 2(4)
F17S. 83(5)(b) and preceding word repealed (with effect in accordance with Sch. 33 para. 2(12) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2003 (c. 14), Sch. 33 para. 2(5), Sch. 43 Pt. 3(12)
F18S. 83(6)(a) substituted (1.12.2001 with effect as mentioned in art. 56(4) of the amending S.I.) by S.I. 2001/3629, art. 56(2)
F19S. 83(6A) repealed (10.7.2003) by Finance Act 2003 (c. 14), Sch. 43 Pt. 3(12)
F20S. 83(6A) inserted (1.12.2001 with effect as mentioned in art. 56(4) of the amending S.I.) by S.I. 2001/3629, art. 56(3)
F21S. 83(6B)(6C) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 33 para. 2(11) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2003 (c. 14), Sch. 33 para. 2(6)
F22Words in the definition of “add” in s. 83(8) substituted (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3629, art. 60(1)(a)
F23Words in s. 83(8) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 33 para. 2(12) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2003 (c. 14), Sch. 33 para. 2(8)
F24Words in s. 83(8) repealed (with effect in accordance with Sch. 33 para. 2(11) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2003 (c. 14), Sch. 33 para. 2(9), Sch. 43 Pt. 3(12)
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C1S. 83 applied (1.5.1995) by 1988 c. 1, s. 439B(3)(a) (as inserted (1.5.1995) by 1995 c. 4, s. 51, Sch. 8 Pt. I para. 27(1) (with Sch. 8 paras. 55(2), 57(1)))
S. 83 modified (retrospective to 1.1.1995) by S.I. 1997/473, regs. 1(2), 33, 34
C2S. 83 modified by The Friendly Societies (Modification of the Corporation Tax Acts) Regulations 1997 (S.I. 1997/473), reg. 33 (as amended (8.4.2004) by S.I. 2004/822, regs. 1, 29)
C3S. 83 amendment to earlier affecting provision SI 1997/473 (8.4.2004) by The Friendly Societies (Modification of the Corporation Tax Acts) (Amendment) Regulations 2004 (S.I. 2004/822), regs. 1, 30
C4S. 83 modified (with effect in accordance with reg. 1(2) of the amending S.I.) by The Friendly Societies (Modification of the Corporation Tax Acts) Regulations 2005 (S.I. 2005/2014), regs. 1(1), 28
C5S. 83(6) modified (retrospective to 1.1.1996) by S.I. 1997/743, regs. 1(2), 35 (as amended (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3629, arts. 160, 165(1)(b))
C6S. 83(6) amendment to earlier affecting provision SI 1997/473 (8.4.2004) by The Friendly Societies (Modification of the Corporation Tax Acts) (Amendment) Regulations 2004 (S.I. 2004/822), regs. 1, 30