Child Support Act 1991

[F1 Departure from usual rules for determining maintenance assessments U.K.

Textual Amendments

F1 S. 28A and cross-heading inserted (14.10.1996 for specified purposes, 2.12.1996 in so far as not already in force) by Child Support Act 1995 (c. 34), ss. 1(1), 30(4); S.I. 1996/2630, art. 2, Sch. Pts. 1, 2

28A Application for a departure direction. U.K.

(1) Where a maintenance assessment (“the current assessment”) is in force—

(a) the person with care, or absent parent, with respect to whom it was made, or

(b) where the application for the current assessment was made under section 7, either of those persons or the child concerned,

may apply to the Secretary of State for a direction under section 28F (a “departure direction”).

(2) An application for a departure direction shall state in writing the grounds on which it is made and shall, in particular, state whether it is based on—

(a) the effect of the current assessment; or

(b) a material change in the circumstances of the case since the current assessment was made.

(3) In other respects, an application for a departure direction shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed.

(4) An application may be made under this section even though—

(a) an application for a review has been made under section 17 or 18 with respect to the current assessment; or

(b) a child support officer is conducting a review of the current assessment under section 16 or 19.

(5) If the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to do so, he may by regulations provide for the question whether a change of circumstances is material to be determined in accordance with the regulations.

(6) Schedule 4A has effect in relation to departure directions.]

[F2 28B Preliminary consideration of applications. U.K.

(1) Where an application for a departure direction has been duly made to the Secretary of State, he may give the application a preliminary consideration.

(2) Where the Secretary of State does so he may, on completing the preliminary consideration, reject the application if it appears to him—

(a) that there are no grounds on which a departure direction could be given in response to the application; or

(b) that the difference between the current amount and the revised amount is less than an amount to be calculated in accordance with regulations made by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this subsection and section 28F(4).

(3) In subsection (2)—

• “the current amount” means the amount of the child support maintenance fixed by the current assessment; and

• “the revised amount” means the amount of child support maintenance which, but for subsection (2)(b), would be fixed if a fresh maintenance assessment were to be made as a result of a departure direction allowing the departure applied for.

(4) Before completing any preliminary consideration, the Secretary of State may refer the current assessment to a child support officer for it to be reviewed as if an application for a review had been made under section 17 or 18.

(5) A review initiated by a reference under subsection (4) shall be conducted as if subsection (4) of section 17, or (as the case may be) subsection (8) of section 18, were omitted.

[F3 (6) Where a decision as to a maintenance assessment is revised or superseded under section 16 or 17, the Secretary of State—

(a) shall notify the applicant and such other persons as may be prescribed that the decision has been revised or superseded; and

(b) may direct that the application is to lapse unless, before the end of such period as may be prescribed, the applicant notifies the Secretary of State that he wishes it to stand.]]

Textual Amendments

F2 S. 28B inserted (14.10.1996 for specified purposes, 2.12.1996 for specified purposes) by Child Support Act 1995 (c. 34), ss. 2, 30(4); S.I. 1996/2630, art. 2, Sch. Pts. 1, 2

F3 S. 28B(6) substituted (4.3.1999 for specified purposes) by Social Security Act 1998 (c. 14), s. 87(2), Sch. 7 para. 35(2); S.I. 1999/528, art. 2(a), Sch.; S.I. 1999/1510, art. 2(g)(iii)

[F4 28C Imposition of a regular payments condition. U.K.

(1) Where an application for a departure direction is made by an absent parent, the Secretary of State may impose on him one of the conditions mentioned in subsection (2) (“a regular payments condition”).

(2) The conditions are that—

(a) the applicant must make the payments of child support maintenance fixed by the current assessment;

(b) the applicant must make such reduced payments of child support maintenance as may be determined in accordance with regulations made by the Secretary of State.

(3) Where the Secretary of State imposes a regular payments condition, he shall give written notice to the absent parent and person with care concerned of the imposition of the condition and of the effect of failure to comply with it.

(4) A regular payments condition shall cease to have effect on the failure or determination of the application.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (4), an application for a departure direction fails if—

(a) it lapses or is withdrawn; or

(b) the Secretary of State rejects it on completing a preliminary consideration under section 28B.

(6) Where an absent parent has failed to comply with a regular payments condition—

(a) the Secretary of State may refuse to consider the application; and

(b) in prescribed circumstances the application shall lapse.

(7) The question whether an absent parent has failed to comply with a regular payments condition shall be determined by the Secretary of State.

(8) Where the Secretary of State determines that an absent parent has failed to comply with a regular payments condition he shall give that parent, and the person with care concerned, written notice of his decision.]

Textual Amendments

F4 S. 28C inserted (14.10.1996 for specified purposes, 2.12.1996 in so far as not already in force) by Child Support Act 1995 (c. 34), ss. 3, 30(4); S.I. 1996/2630, art. 2, Sch. Pts. 1, 2

[F5 28D Determination of applications. E+W+S

(1) Where an application for a departure direction has not failed, the Secretary of State shall—

(a) determine the application in accordance with the relevant provisions of, or made under, this Act; or

(b) refer the application to a child support appeal tribunal for the tribunal to determine it in accordance with those provisions.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), an application for a departure direction has failed if—

(a) it has lapsed or been withdrawn; or

(b) the Secretary of State has rejected it on completing a preliminary consideration under section 28B.

(3) In dealing with an application for a departure direction which has been referred to it under subsection (1)(b), a child support appeal tribunal shall have the same powers, and be subject to the same duties, as would the Secretary of State if he were dealing with the application.]

Textual Amendments

F5 S. 28D inserted (2.12.1996) by Child Support Act 1995 (c. 34), ss. 4, 30(4); S.I. 1996/2630, art. 2, Sch. Pt. 2

[F6 28E Matters to be taken into account. U.K.

(1) In determining any application for a departure direction, the Secretary of State shall have regard both to the general principles set out in subsection (2) and to such other considerations as may be prescribed.

(2) The general principles are that—

(a) parents should be responsible for maintaining their children whenever they can afford to do so;

(b) where a parent has more than one child, his obligation to maintain any one of them should be no less of an obligation than his obligation to maintain any other of them.

(3) In determining any application for a departure direction, the Secretary of State shall take into account any representations made to him—

(a) by the person with care or absent parent concerned; or

(b) where the application for the current assessment was made under section 7, by either of them or the child concerned.

(4) In determining any application for a departure direction, no account shall be taken of the fact that—

(a) any part of the income of the person with care concerned is, or would be if a departure direction were made, derived from any benefit; or

(b) some or all of any child support maintenance might be taken into account in any manner in relation to any entitlement to benefit.

(5) In this section “benefit” has such meaning as may be prescribed.]

Textual Amendments

F6 S. 28E inserted (14.10.1996 for specified purposes, 2.12.1996 in so far as not already in force) by Child Support Act 1995 (c. 34), ss. 5, 30(4); S.I. 1996/2630, art. 2, Sch. Pts. 1, 2

[F7 28F Departure directions. U.K.

(1) The Secretary of State may give a departure direction if—

(a) he is satisfied that the case is one which falls within one or more of the cases set out in Part I of Schedule 4B or in regulations made under that Part; and

(b) it is his opinion that, in all the circumstances of the case, it would be just and equitable to give a departure direction.

(2) In considering whether it would be just and equitable in any case to give a departure direction, the Secretary of State shall have regard, in particular, to—

(a) the financial circumstances of the absent parent concerned,

(b) the financial circumstances of the person with care concerned, and

(c) the welfare of any child likely to be affected by the direction.

(3) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision—

(a) for factors which are to be taken into account in determining whether it would be just and equitable to give a departure direction in any case;

(b) for factors which are not to be taken into account in determining such a question.

(4) The Secretary of State shall not give a departure direction if he is satisfied that the difference between the current amount and the revised amount is less than an amount to be calculated in accordance with regulations made by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this subsection and section 28B(2).

(5) In subsection (4)—

• “the current amount” means the amount of the child support maintenance fixed by the current assessment, and

• “the revised amount” means the amount of child support maintenance which would be fixed if a fresh maintenance assessment were to be made as a result of the departure direction which the Secretary of State would give in response to the application but for subsection (4).

(6) A departure direction shall—

(a) require a child support officer to make one or more fresh maintenance assessments; and

(b) specify the basis on which the amount of child support maintenance is to be fixed by any assessment made in consequence of the direction.

(7) In giving a departure direction, the Secretary of State shall comply with the provisions of regulations made under Part II of Schedule 4B.

(8) Before the end of such period as may be prescribed, the Secretary of State shall notify the applicant for a departure direction, and such other persons as may be prescribed—

(a) of his decision in relation to the application, and

(b) of the reasons for his decision.]

Textual Amendments

F7 S. 28F inserted (14.10.1996 for specified purposes, 2.12.1996 in so far as not already in force) by Child Support Act 1995 (c. 34), ss. 6(1), 30(4); S.I. 1996/2630, art. 2, Sch. Pts. 1, 2

[F8 28G Effect and duration of departure directions. U.K.

(1) Where a departure direction is given, it shall be the duty of the child support officer to whom the case is referred to comply with the direction as soon as is reasonably practicable.

(2) A departure direction may be given so as to have effect—

(a) for a specified period; or

(b) until the occurrence of a specified event.

(3) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision for the cancellation of a departure direction in prescribed circumstances.

(4) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision as to when a departure direction is to take effect.

(5) Regulations under subsection (4) may provide for a departure direction to have effect from a date earlier than that on which the direction is given.]

Textual Amendments

F8 S. 28G inserted (14.10.1996 for specified purposes, 2.12.1996 in so far as not already in force) by Child Support Act 1995 (c. 34), ss. 7, 30(4); S.I. 1996/2630, art. 2, Sch. Pts. 1, 2

[F9 28H Departure directions: decisions and appeals E+W+S

Schedule 4C shall have effect for applying sections 16, 17, 20 and 28ZA to 28ZC to decisions with respect to departure directions.]

Textual Amendments

F9 S. 28H substituted (4.3.1999 for specified purposes, 1.6.1999 in so far as not already in force) by Social Security Act 1998 (c. 14), s. 87(2), Sch. 7 para. 39; S.I. 1999/528, art. 2(a), Sch.; S.I. 1999/1510, art. 2(g)(iii)

[F10 28I Transitional provisions. U.K.

(1) In the case of an application for a departure direction relating to a maintenance assessment which was made before the coming into force of section 28A, the period within which the application must be made shall be such period as may be prescribed.

(2) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision for applications for departure directions to be dealt with according to an order determined in accordance with the regulations.

(3) The regulations may, for example, provide for—

(a) applications relating to prescribed descriptions of maintenance assessment, or

(b) prescribed descriptions of application,

to be dealt with before applications relating to other prescribed descriptions of assessment or (as the case may be) other prescribed descriptions of application.

(4) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision—

(a) enabling applications for departure directions made before the coming into force of section 28A to be considered even though that section is not in force;

(b) for the determination of any such application as if section 28A and the other provisions of this Act relating to departure directions were in force; and

(c) as to the effect of any departure direction given before the coming into force of section 28A.

(5) Regulations under section 28G(4) may not provide for a departure direction to have effect from a date earlier than that on which that section came into force.]

Textual Amendments

F10 S. 28I inserted (22.1.1996 for specified purposes, 14.10.1996 for specified purposes) by Child Support Act 1995 (c. 34), ss. 9, 30(4); S.I. 1995/3262, art. 2, Sch. Pt. 2; S.I. 1996/2630, art. 2, Sch. Pt. 1