xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C1Part III: definition of "consumer" applied (01.12.1991) by Water Resources Act 1991 (c. 57, SIF 130), ss. 176(7), 225(2).
C2Part III: definition of "water fittings" applied (01.12.1991) by Statutory Water Companies Act 1991 (c. 58, SIF 130), ss. 15(1), 17(2).
C3Pt. 3 modified (E.) (24.3.2011) by The Hull and Goole Port Health Authority Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/939), arts. 1(1), 9, Sch. 2
(1)Subject to subsections (2) and (3) below, a person shall be guilty of an offence under this section if—
(a)he causes or allows any underground water to run to waste from any well, borehole or other work; or
(b)he abstracts from any well, borehole or other work water in excess of his reasonable requirements.
(2)A person shall not be guilty of an offence by virtue of subsection (1)(a) above in respect of anything done for the purpose—
(a)of testing the extent or quality of the supply; or
(b)of cleaning, sterilising, examining or repairing the well, borehole or other work in question.
(3)Where underground water interferes or threatens to interfere with the carrying out or operation of any underground works (whether waterworks or not), it shall not be an offence under this section, if no other method of disposing of the water is reasonably practicable, to cause or allow the water to run to waste so far as may be necessary for enabling the works to be carried out or operated.
(4)A person who is guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.
(5)On the conviction of a person under this section, the court may—
(a)order that the well, borehole or other work to which the offence relates shall be effectively sealed; or
(b)make such other order as appears to the court to be necessary to prevent waste of water.
(6)If any person fails to comply with an order under subsection (5) above, then, without prejudice to any penalty for contempt of court, the court may, on the application of [F1the [F2appropriate agency]], authorise [F3the appropriate agency] to take such steps as may be necessary to execute the order; and any expenses incurred in taking any such steps shall be recoverable summarily as a civil debt from the person convicted.
(7)Any person designated for the purpose by [F4the [F2appropriate agency]] shall, on producing some duly authenticated document showing his authority, have a right at all reasonable times—
(a)to enter any premises for the purpose of ascertaining whether there is, or has been, any contravention of the provisions of this section on or in connection with the premises;
(b)to enter any premises for the purpose of executing any order of the court under this section which [F4the [F2appropriate agency]] has been authorised to execute in those premises.
(8)Part I of Schedule 6 to this Act shall apply to the rights of entry conferred by subsection (7) above.
[F5(9)In this section “the appropriate agency” means—
(a)the Environment Agency, in relation to a well, borehole or other work in England;
(b)the NRBW, in relation to a well, borehole or other work in Wales.]
Textual Amendments
F1Words in s. 71(6) substituted (1.4.1996) by 1995 c. 25, s. 120(1), Sch. 22 para. 101(1)(a) (with ss. 7(6), 115, 117); S.I. 1996/186, art. 3
F2Words in s. 71 substituted (1.4.2013) by The Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/755), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 236(2) (with Sch. 7)
F3Words in s. 71(6) substituted (1.4.2013) by The Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/755), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 236(3) (with Sch. 7)
F4Words in s. 71(7) substituted (1.4.1996) by 1995 c. 25, s. 120(1), Sch. 22 para. 101(2) (with ss. 7(6), 115, 117): S.I. 1996/186, art. 3
F5S. 71(9) inserted (1.4.2013) by The Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/755), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 236(4) (with Sch. 7)
(1)Subject to subsections (2) and (3) below, a person is guilty of an offence under this section if he is guilty of any act or neglect whereby the water in any waterworks which is used or likely to be used—
(a)for human consumption or domestic purposes; or
(b)for manufacturing food or drink for human consumption,
is polluted or likely to be polluted.
(2)Nothing in this section shall be construed as restricting or prohibiting any method of cultivation of land which is in accordance with the principles of good husbandry.
(3)Nothing in this section shall be construed as restricting or prohibiting the reasonable use of oil or tar on any highway maintainable at public expense so long as the highway authority take all reasonable steps for preventing—
(a)the oil or tar; and
(b)any liquid or matter resulting from the use of the oil or tar,
from polluting the water in any waterworks.
(4)A person who is guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable—
(a)on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding £50 for every day during which the offence is continued after conviction;
(b)on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to a fine or to both.
(5)In this section “waterworks” includes—
(a)any spring, well, adit, borehole, service reservoir or tank; and
(b)any main or other pipe or conduit of a water undertaker[F6; and
(c)any pipe or conduit of a licensed water supplier.]
Textual Amendments
F6S. 72(5)(c) and preceding word inserted (1.12.2005) by Water Act 2003 (c. 37), ss. 101(1), 105(3), Sch. 8 para. 21; S.I. 2005/2714, art. 3(c) (with Sch. para. 8)
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C4S. 72 amended (27.8.1993) by 1993 c. 12, ss. 40, 51(2), Sch. 3 Pt. I para. 8 (with ss. 42, 46).
C5S. 72 modified by S.I. 2010/675, Sch. 23 Pt. 8 para. 3 Table 9 (as substituted (1.10.2011) by The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2011 (S.I. 2011/2043), reg. 1(b), Sch. 1)
(1)If any person who is the owner or occupier of any premises to which a supply of water is provided by a water undertaker [F7or licensed water supplier] intentionally or negligently causes or suffers any water fitting for which he is responsible to be or remain so out of order, so in need of repair or so constructed or adapted, or to be so used—
(a)that water in a water main or other pipe of a water undertaker, or in a pipe connected with such a water main or pipe, is or is likely to be contaminated by the return of any substance from those premises to that main or pipe;
(b)that water that has been supplied by the undertaker [F8or supplier] to those premises is or is likely to be contaminated before it is used; or
(c)that water so supplied is or is likely to be wasted or, having regard to the purposes for which it is supplied, misused or unduly consumed,
that person shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.
[F9(1A)In any proceedings under subsection (1) above it shall be a defence to prove–
(a)that the contamination or likely contamination, or the wastage, misuse or undue consumption, was caused (wholly or mainly) by the installation, alteration, repair or connection of the water fitting on or after 1st July 1999;
(b)that the works were carried out by or under the direction of an approved contractor within the meaning of the Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999; and
(c)that the contractor certified to the person who commissioned those works that the water fitting complied with the requirements of those regulations.]
(2)Any person who uses any water supplied to any premises by a water undertaker for a purpose other than one for which it is supplied to those premises shall, unless the other purpose is the extinguishment of a fire, be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.
(3)Where a person has committed an offence under subsection (2) above, the water undertaker in question shall be entitled to recover from that person such amount as may be reasonable in respect of any water wasted, misused or improperly consumed in consequence of the commission of the offence.
(4)For the purposes of this section the owner or occupier of any premises shall be regarded as responsible for every water fitting on the premises which is not a water fitting which a person other than the owner or, as the case may be, occupier is liable to maintain.
Textual Amendments
F7Words in s. 73(1) inserted (1.12.2005) by Water Act 2003 (c. 37), ss. 101(1), 105(3), Sch. 8 para. 22(a); S.I. 2005/2714, art. 3(c) (with Sch. para. 8)
F8Words in s. 73(1)(b) inserted (1.12.2005) by Water Act 2003 (c. 37), ss. 101(1), 105(3), Sch. 8 para. 22(b); S.I. 2005/2714, art. 3(c) (with Sch. para. 8)
F9S. 73(1A) inserted (1.7.1999) by S.I. 1999/1148, reg. 8
(1)The Secretary of State may by regulations make such provision as he considers appropriate for any of the following purposes, that is to say—
(a)for securing—
(i)that water in a water main or other pipe of a water undertaker is not contaminated; and
(ii)that its quality and suitability for particular purposes is not prejudiced,
by the return of any substance from any premises to that main or pipe;
(b)for securing that water which is in any pipe connected with any such main or other pipe or which has been supplied to any premises by a water undertaker [F10or licensed water supplier] is not contaminated, and that its quality and suitability for particular purposes is not prejudiced, before it is used;
(c)for preventing the waste, undue consumption and misuse of any water at any time after it has left the pipes of a water undertaker for the purpose of being supplied by that undertaker [F11or a licensed water supplier] to any premises; and
(d)for securing that water fittings installed and used by persons to whom water is or is to be supplied by a water undertaker [F12or licensed water supplier] are safe and do not cause or contribute to the erroneous measurement of any water or the reverberation of any pipes.
(2)Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) above, regulations under this section may, for any of the purposes specified in that subsection, make provision in relation to such water fittings as may be prescribed—
(a)for forbidding the installation, connection or use of the fittings if they have not been approved under the regulations or if they contravene the regulations;
(b)for requiring the fittings, for the purposes of provision made by virtue of paragraph (a) above, to be of such a size, nature, strength or workmanship, to be made of such materials or in such a manner or to conform to such standards as may be prescribed by or approved under the regulations;
(c)for imposing such other requirements as may be prescribed with respect to the installation, arrangement, connection, testing, disconnection, alteration and repair of the fittings and with respect to the materials used in their manufacture;
(d)for the giving, refusal and revocation, by prescribed persons, of approvals required for the purposes of the regulations; and
(e)for such approvals to be capable of being made subject to such conditions as may be prescribed and for the modification and revocation of any such condition.
(3)Without prejudice as aforesaid, regulations under this section may—
(a)impose separate or concurrent duties with respect to the enforcement of the regulations on water undertakers, local authorities and such other persons as may be prescribed;
(b)confer powers on a water undertaker or local authority to carry out works and take other steps, in prescribed circumstances, for remedying any contravention of the regulations;
(c)provide for the recovery by a water undertaker or local authority of expenses reasonably incurred by the undertaker or authority in the exercise of any power conferred by virtue of paragraph (b) above;
(d)repeal or modify the provisions of section 73 above or section 75 below;
(e)provide for a contravention of the regulations to constitute a summary offence punishable, on summary conviction, by a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale or such smaller sum as may be prescribed;
(f)require prescribed charges to be paid to persons carrying out functions under the regulations;
(g)enable the Secretary of State to authorise such relaxations of and departures from such of the requirements of the regulations as may be prescribed, to make any such authorisation subject to such conditions as may be prescribed and to modify or revoke any such authorisation or condition;
(h)enable the Secretary of State to authorise a water undertaker or local authority (either instead of the Secretary of State or concurrently with him) to exercise any power conferred on the Secretary of State by regulations made by virtue of paragraph (g) above; and
(i)require disputes arising under the regulations to be referred to arbitration and for determinations under the regulations to be subject to such rights of appeal as may be prescribed.
(4)Without prejudice to sections 84 and 170 below, any person designated in writing for the purposes of this subsection in such manner as may be prescribed may—
(a)enter any premises for the purpose of—
(i)ascertaining whether any provision contained in or made or having effect under this Act with respect to any water fittings or with respect to the waste or misuse of water is being or has been contravened;
(ii)determining whether, and if so in what manner, any power or duty conferred or imposed on any person by regulations under this section should be exercised or performed; or
(iii)exercising any such power or performing any such duty;
or
(b)carry out such inspections, measurements and tests on premises entered by that person or on water fittings or other articles found on any such premises, and take away such samples of water or of any land and such water fittings and other articles, as that person has been authorised to carry out or take away in accordance with regulations under this section.
(5)Part II of Schedule 6 to this Act shall apply to the rights and powers conferred by subsection (4) above.
(6)The power of the Secretary of State under this section to make regulations with respect to the matters specified in the preceding provisions of this section shall include power, by regulations under this section—
(a)to modify the operation of Schedule 2 to the M1Water Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1991 in relation to any byelaws made under section 17 of the M2Water Act 1945 which have effect by virtue of paragraph 19 of Schedule 26 to the M3Water Act 1989 and that Schedule 2; and
(b)to revoke or amend any such byelaws;
but, so long as any such byelaws so have effect, the references in sections 47(2)(g), 53(2)(c) and 55(4) above to such regulations under this section as are prescribed shall have effect as including references to those byelaws.
(7)Any sums received by the Secretary of State in consequence of the provisions of any regulations under this section shall be paid into the Consolidated Fund.
(8)In this section “safe” has the same meaning as in Part II of the M4Consumer Protection Act 1987.
Textual Amendments
F10Words in s. 74(1)(b) inserted (1.4.2004) by Water Act 2003 (c. 37), ss. 101(1), 105(3), Sch. 8 para. 23(a); S.I. 2004/641, art. 3(y), Sch. 2 (with art. 6, Sch. 3)
F11Words in s. 74(1)(c) inserted (1.4.2004) by Water Act 2003 (c. 37), ss. 101(1), 105(3), Sch. 8 para. 23(b); S.I. 2004/641, art. 3(y), Sch. 2 (with art. 6, Sch. 3)
F12Words in s. 74(1)(d) inserted (1.4.2004) by Water Act 2003 (c. 37), ss. 101(1), 105(3), Sch. 8 para. 23(c); S.I. 2004/641, art. 3(y), Sch. 2 (with art. 6, Sch. 3)
Marginal Citations
(1)Without prejudice to any power conferred on water undertakers by regulations under section 74 above, where a water undertaker which provides a supply of water to any premises has reason for believing—
(a)that damage to persons or property is being or is likely to be caused by any damage to, or defect in, any water fitting used in connection with the supply of water to those premises which is not a service pipe belonging to the undertaker;
(b)that water in a water main or other pipe of the undertaker is being or is likely to be contaminated by the return of any substance from those premises to that main or pipe;
(c)that water which is in any pipe connected with any such main or other pipe or which has been supplied by the undertaker to those premises is being or is likely to be contaminated before it is used; or
(d)that water which has been or is to be so supplied is being or is likely to be wasted or, having regard to the purposes for which it is supplied, misused or unduly consumed,
the undertaker may exercise the power conferred by subsection (2) below in relation to those premises.
[F13(1A)Without prejudice to any power conferred on water undertakers by regulations under section 74 above, where a water undertaker whose supply system is used for the purpose of a licensed water supplier making a supply of water to any premises has reason for believing—
(a)that damage to persons or property is being or is likely to be caused by any damage to, or defect in, any water fitting used in connection with the supply of water to those premises which is not a service pipe belonging to the water undertaker;
(b)that water in a water main or other pipe of the undertaker is being or is likely to be contaminated by the return of any substance from those premises to that pipe or main;
(c)that water which is in any pipe connected with any such main or other pipe or which has been supplied by the supplier to those premises is being or is likely to be contaminated before it is used; or
(d)that water which has been or is to be so supplied is being or is likely to be wasted or, having regard to the purposes for which it is supplied, misused or unduly consumed,
the undertaker may exercise the power conferred by subsection (2) below in relation to those premises.]
(2)The power conferred by this subsection in relation to any premises is—
(a)where the case constitutes an emergency, power to disconnect the service pipe or otherwise to cut off the supply of water to those premises; and
(b)in any other case, power to serve notice on the consumer requiring him to take such steps as may be specified in the notice as necessary to secure that the damage, contamination, waste, misuse or undue consumption ceases or, as the case may be, does not occur.
(3)Where a water undertaker, in exercise of the power conferred by virtue of subsection (2)(a) above, disconnects a service pipe to any premises or otherwise cuts off any supply of water to any premises, the undertaker shall, as soon as reasonably practicable after the supply is disconnected or cut off, serve a notice on the consumer specifying the steps which that person is required to take before the undertaker will restore the supply.
(4)The steps specified in a notice under subsection (3) above shall be the steps necessary to secure that, as the case may be—
(a)the damage, contamination, waste, misuse or undue consumption; or
(b)the likelihood of damage, contamination, waste, misuse or undue consumption,
would not recur if the supply were restored.
(5)A water undertaker which fails, without reasonable excuse, to serve a notice in accordance with subsection (3) above shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.
(6)A notice served for the purposes of subsection (2)(b) above shall—
(a)specify the period, not being less than the period of seven days beginning with the day after the service of the notice, within which the steps specified in the notice are to be taken; and
(b)set out the powers of the undertaker under subsections (7) to (9) below.
(7)Where a water undertaker has served a notice for the purposes of subsection (2)(b) above in relation to any premises and—
(a)the case becomes an emergency; or
(b)the premises appear to be unoccupied and the steps specified in the notice are not taken before the end of the period so specified,
the undertaker may disconnect the service pipe to those premises or otherwise cut off the supply of water to those premises.
(8)Subsections (3) to (5) above shall apply where a water undertaker exercises its power under subsection (7) above as they apply where such an undertaker exercises its power by virtue of subsection (2)(a) above.
(9)Where, in a case not falling within subsection (7)(a) or (b) above, any steps specified in a notice served by a water undertaker for the purposes of subsection (2)(b) above have not been taken by the end of the period so specified, the water undertaker shall have power—
(a)to take those steps itself; and
(b)subject to subsection (10) below, to recover any expenses reasonably incurred by the undertaker in taking those steps from the person on whom the notice was served;
and any steps taken by a water undertaker by virtue of paragraph (a) above shall be necessary works for the purposes of Chapter II of this Part.
(10)Where any steps are taken by virtue of this section and it is shown that, in the circumstances of the case, those steps were not necessary as mentioned in subsection (2) or, as the case may be, (4) above, the water undertaker in question-
(a)shall not be entitled to recover any expenses incurred by it in taking those steps; and
(b)shall be liable to pay to any other person who took any of those steps an amount equal to any expenses reasonably incurred by that person in taking any of those steps.
[F14(11)Where the power conferred by subsection (2) above on a water undertaker is exercisable by virtue of subsection (1A) above—
(a)the references to the consumer in subsections (2) and (3), in relation to a supply of water to any premises, shall be taken to be references to the person in respect of whom the supply is made; and
(b)the undertaker shall serve on the licensed water supplier providing the supply a copy of any notice under this section which is served on the person mentioned in paragraph (a) above.
(12)In subsection (1A) above, the reference to the supply system of a water undertaker shall be construed in accordance with section 17B(5) above.]
Textual Amendments
F13S. 75(1A) inserted (1.12.2005) by Water Act 2003 (c. 37), ss. 101(1), 105(3), Sch. 8 para. 24(2); S.I. 2005/2714, art. 3(c) (with Sch. para. 8)
F14S. 75(11)(12) inserted (1.12.2005) by Water Act 2003 (c. 37), ss. 101(1), 105(3), Sch. 8 para. 24(3); S.I 2005/2714, {art. 3(c)} (with Sch. para. 8)
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C6S. 75(2)-(12) applied (with modifications) (20.4.2010) by The Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2010 (S.I. 2010/994), regs. 1(1), 21(4)(5) (with reg. 1(2)(3))
(1)A water undertaker may prohibit one or more specified uses of water supplied by it if it thinks that it is experiencing, or may experience, a serious shortage of water for distribution.
(2)Only the following uses of water may be prohibited—
(a)watering a garden using a hosepipe;
(b)cleaning a private motor-vehicle using a hosepipe;
(c)watering plants on domestic or other non-commercial premises using a hosepipe;
(d)cleaning a private leisure boat using a hosepipe;
(e)filling or maintaining a domestic swimming or paddling pool;
(f)drawing water, using a hosepipe, for domestic recreational use;
(g)filling or maintaining a domestic pond using a hosepipe;
(h)filling or maintaining an ornamental fountain;
(i)cleaning walls, or windows, of domestic premises using a hosepipe;
(j)cleaning paths or patios using a hosepipe;
(k)cleaning other artificial outdoor surfaces using a hosepipe.
(3)The Minister may by order—
(a)add a non-domestic purpose to the list in subsection (2);
(b)remove a purpose from the list in subsection (2).
(4)A prohibition must specify—
(a)the date from which it applies, and
(b)the area to which it applies (which may be all or part of the undertaker's area).
(5)A person who contravenes a prohibition—
(a)is guilty of an offence, and
(b)is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.
(6)A water undertaker which issues a prohibition must make arrangements for a reasonable reduction of charges which are made in respect of prohibited uses (including arrangements for repayment or credit where charges are paid in advance).
(7)A water undertaker may vary or revoke a prohibition.]
Textual Amendments
F15Ss. 76-76C substituted for s. 76 (1.9.2010 for specified purposes, 1.10.2010 in so far as not already in force) by Flood and Water Management Act 2010 (c. 29), ss. 36, 49(3) (with s. 49(1)(6)); S.I. 2010/2169, arts. 3(3), 4, Sch. (with art. 5)
(1)A prohibition may—
(a)apply to one or more specified uses of water generally or only in specified cases or circumstances (which may be specified by reference to classes of user, timing or in any other way);
(b)be subject to exceptions (which may be absolute or conditional, and may be specified by reference to classes of user, timing or in any other way).
(2)The Minister may by order—
(a)provide for exceptions to a category of use in section 76(2) (whether or not added under section 76(3));
(b)provide that a specified activity, or an activity undertaken in specified circumstances, is to be or not to be treated as falling within a category of use in section 76(2) (whether or not added under section 76(3));
(c)define a word or phrase used in section 76(2) (whether or not added under section 76(3)).
(3)In particular, an order may—
(a)restrict a category of use by reference to how water is drawn;
(b)frame an exception by reference to ownership of land by a specified person or class of person;
(c)provide for a process that involves the use of a hosepipe at any point to be included in the meaning of “using a hosepipe”;
(d)provide for a reference to a thing to include a reference to something that is or may be used in connection with it (such as, for example, for a reference to a vehicle to include a reference to a trailer).
(4)In this section and section 76 “the Minister” means—
(a)the Secretary of State in relation to prohibitions which may be issued by water undertakers whose areas are wholly or mainly in England, and
(b)the Welsh Ministers in relation to prohibitions which may be issued by water undertakers whose areas are wholly or mainly in Wales.
(5)Subject to provision under subsection (2), a reference to a hosepipe in section 76 includes a reference to anything designed, adapted or used to serve the same purpose as a hosepipe.]
Textual Amendments
F15Ss. 76-76C substituted for s. 76 (1.9.2010 for specified purposes, 1.10.2010 in so far as not already in force) by Flood and Water Management Act 2010 (c. 29), ss. 36, 49(3) (with s. 49(1)(6)); S.I. 2010/2169, arts. 3(3), 4, Sch. (with art. 5)
(1)A prohibition takes effect only if this section is complied with.
(2)Before the period for which a prohibition is to apply the water undertaker must give notice of the prohibition and its terms—
(a)in at least two newspapers circulating in the area to which it is to apply, and
(b)on the water undertaker's internet website.
(3)The notice must give details of how to make representations about the proposed prohibition.
(4)The variation of a prohibition is to be treated as a prohibition for the purposes of this section.
(5)A water undertaker must give notice of a revocation of a prohibition—
(a)in at least two newspapers circulating in the area to which it is to apply, and
(b)on the water undertaker's internet website.
(6)The revocation may not take effect until at least one notice under subsection (5) has been given.]
Textual Amendments
F15Ss. 76-76C substituted for s. 76 (1.9.2010 for specified purposes, 1.10.2010 in so far as not already in force) by Flood and Water Management Act 2010 (c. 29), ss. 36, 49(3) (with s. 49(1)(6)); S.I. 2010/2169, arts. 3(3), 4, Sch. (with art. 5)
(1)Section 213 applies to orders under section 76(3) or 76A(2) as it applies to regulations.
(2)But—
(a)an order made by the Secretary of State under section 76(3) may not be made unless a draft has been laid before and approved by resolution of each House of Parliament,
(b)an order made by the Welsh Ministers under section 76(3) may not be made unless a draft has been laid before and approved by resolution of the National Assembly for Wales, and
(c)an order made by the Welsh Ministers under section 76A(2) shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the National Assembly for Wales.]
Textual Amendments
F15Ss. 76-76C substituted for s. 76 (1.9.2010 for specified purposes, 1.10.2010 in so far as not already in force) by Flood and Water Management Act 2010 (c. 29), ss. 36, 49(3) (with s. 49(1)(6)); S.I. 2010/2169, arts. 3(3), 4, Sch. (with art. 5)