Part IV Shares, securities, options etc.
Chapter I General
Gilt-edged securities and qualifying corporate bonds
115 Exemptions for gilt-edged securities and qualifying corporate bonds etc.
(1)
A gain which accrues on the disposal by any person of—
(a)
gilt-edged securities or qualifying corporate bonds, or
(b)
any option or contract to acquire or dispose of gilt-edged securities or qualifying corporate bonds,
shall not be a chargeable gain.
(2)
In subsection (1) above the reference to the disposal of a contract to acquire or dispose of gilt-edged securities or qualifying corporate bonds is a reference to the disposal of the outstanding obligations under such a contract.
(3)
Without prejudice to section 143(5), where a person who has entered into any such contract as is referred to in subsection (1)(b) above closes out that contract by entering into another contract with obligations which are reciprocal to those of the first-mentioned contract, that transaction shall for the purposes of this section constitute the disposal of an asset, namely, his outstanding obligations under the first-mentioned contract.
116 Reorganisations, conversions and reconstructions.
(1)
This section shall have effect in any case where a transaction occurs of such a description that, apart from the provisions of this section—
(a)
sections 127 to 130 would apply by virtue of any provision of Chapter II of this Part; and
(b)
either the original shares would consist of or include a qualifying corporate bond and the new holding would not, or the original shares would not and the new holding would consist of or include such a bond;
and in paragraph (b) above “the new holding” have the same meaning as they have for the purposes of sections 127 to 130.
” and “(2)
In this section “relevant transaction” means a reorganisation, conversion of securities or other transaction such as is mentioned in subsection (1) above, and, in addition to its application where the transaction takes place after the coming into force of this section, subsection (10) below applies where the relevant transaction took place before the coming into force of this section so far as may be necessary to enable any gain or loss deferred under paragraph 10 of Schedule 13 to the M7Finance Act 1984 to be taken into account on a subsequent disposal.
(3)
Where the qualifying corporate bond referred to in subsection (1)(b) above would constitute the original shares for the purposes of sections 127 to 130, it is in this section referred to as “the old asset” and the shares or securities which would constitute the new holding for those purposes are referred to as “the new asset”.
(4)
Where the qualifying corporate bond referred to in subsection (1)(b) above would constitute the new holding for the purposes of sections 127 to 130, it is in this section referred to as “the new asset” and the shares or securities which would constitute the original shares for those purposes are referred to as “the old asset”.
(5)
So far as the relevant transaction relates to the old asset and the new asset, sections 127 to 130 shall not apply in relation to it.
(6)
In accordance with subsection (5) above, the new asset shall not be treated as having been acquired on any date other than the date of the relevant transaction or, subject to subsections (7) and (8) below, for any consideration other than the market value of the old asset as determined immediately before that transaction.
(7)
If, on the relevant transaction, the person concerned receives, or becomes entitled to receive, any sum of money which, in addition to the new asset, is by way of consideration for the old asset, that sum shall be deducted from the consideration referred to in subsection (6) above.
(8)
If, on the relevant transaction, the person concerned gives any sum of money which, in addition to the old asset, is by way of consideration for the new asset, that sum shall be added to the consideration referred to in subsection (6) above.
(9)
In any case where the old asset consists of a qualifying corporate bond, then, so far as it relates to the old asset and the new asset, the relevant transaction shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as a disposal of the old asset and an acquisition of the new asset.
(10)
Except in a case falling within subsection (9) above, so far as it relates to the old asset and the new asset, the relevant transaction shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as not involving any disposal of the old asset but—
(a)
there shall be calculated the chargeable gain or allowable loss that would have accrued if, at the time of the relevant transaction, the old asset had been disposed of for a consideration equal to its market value immediately before that transaction; and
(b)
subject to subsections (12) to (14) below, the whole or a corresponding part of the chargeable gain or allowable loss mentioned in paragraph (a) above shall be deemed to accrue on a subsequent disposal of the whole or part of the new asset (in addition to any gain or loss that actually accrues on that disposal); and
(c)
on that subsequent disposal, section 115 shall have effect only in relation to any gain or loss that actually accrues and not in relation to any gain or loss which is deemed to accrue by virtue of paragraph (b) above.
(11)
Subsection (10)(b) and (c) above shall not apply to any disposal falling within section 58(1), 62(4), 139, F1140A, 171(1) or 172, but a person who has acquired the new asset on a disposal falling within any of those sections (and without there having been a previous disposal not falling within any of those sections or a devolution on death) shall be treated for the purposes of subsection (10)(b) and (c) above as if the new asset had been acquired by him at the same time and for the same consideration as, having regard to subsections (5) to (8) above, it was acquired by the person making the disposal.
(12)
In any case where—
(a)
on the calculation under subsection (10)(a) above, a chargeable gain would have accrued, and
(b)
the consideration for the old asset includes such a sum of money as is referred to in subsection (7) above,
then, subject to subsection (13) below, the proportion of that chargeable gain which that sum of money bears to the market value of the old asset immediately before the relevant transaction shall be deemed to accrue at the time of that transaction.
(13)
If the inspector is satisfied that the sum of money referred to in subsection (12)(b) above is small, as compared with the market value of the old asset immediately before the relevant transaction, and so directs, subsection (12) above shall not apply.
(14)
In a case where subsection (12) above applies, the chargeable gain which, apart from that subsection, would by virtue of subsection (10)(b) above be deemed to accrue on a subsequent disposal of the whole or part of the new asset shall be reduced or, as the case may be, extinguished by deducting therefrom the amount of the chargeable gain which, by virtue of subsection (12) above, is deemed to accrue at the time of the relevant transaction.
(15)
In any case where—
(a)
the new asset mentioned in subsections (10) and (11) above is a qualifying corporate bond in respect of which an allowable loss is treated as accruing under section 254(2), and
(b)
the loss is treated as accruing at a time falling after the relevant transaction but before any actual disposal of the new asset subsequent to the relevant transaction,
then for the purposes of subsections (10) and (11) above a subsequent disposal of the new asset shall be treated as occurring at (and only at) the time the loss is treated as accruing.
117 Meaning of “qualifying corporate bond".
(1)
For the purposes of this section, a “corporate bond” is a security, as defined in section 132(3)(b)—
(a)
the debt on which represents and has at all times represented a normal commercial loan; and
(b)
which is expressed in sterling and in respect of which no provision is made for conversion into, or redemption in, a currency other than sterling,
and in paragraph (a) above “normal commercial loan” has the meaning which would be given by sub-paragraph (5) of paragraph 1 of Schedule 18 to the Taxes Act if for paragraph (a)(i) to (iii) of that sub-paragraph there were substituted the words “
corporate bonds (within the meaning of section 117 of the 1992 Act)
”
.
(2)
For the purposes of subsection (1)(b) above—
(a)
a security shall not be regarded as expressed in sterling if the amount of sterling falls to be determined by reference to the value at any time of any other currency or asset; and
(b)
a provision for redemption in a currency other than sterling but at the rate of exchange prevailing at redemption shall be disregarded.
(3)
For the purposes of this section “corporate bond” also includes a security which is not included in the definition in subsection (1) above, and which—
(a)
is a deep gain security for the purposes of Schedule 11 to the M8Finance Act 1989 (“the 1989 Act”), or
(b)
by virtue of paragraph 21(2) of Schedule 11 to the 1989 Act falls to be treated as a deep gain security as there mentioned, or
(c)
by virtue of paragraph 22(2) of that Schedule, falls to be treated as a deep gain security as there mentioned, or
(d)
by virtue of paragraph 22A(2) or 22B(3) of that Schedule, falls to be treated as a deep gain security as mentioned in the paragraph concerned.
(4)
For the purposes of this section “corporate bond” also includes a share in a building society—
(a)
which is a qualifying share,
(b)
which is expressed in sterling, and
(c)
in respect of which no provision is made for conversion into, or redemption in, a currency other than sterling.
(5)
For the purposes of subsection (4) above, a share in a building society is a qualifying share if—
(a)
it is a permanent interest bearing share, or
(b)
it is of a description specified in regulations made by the Treasury for the purposes of this paragraph.
(6)
Subsection (2) above applies for the purposes of subsection (4) above as it applies for the purposes of subsection (1)(b) above, treating the reference to a security as a reference to a share.
F2(6A)
For the purposes of this section “corporate bond” also includes, except in relation to a person who acquires it on or after a disposal in relation to which section 115 has or has had effect in accordance with section 116(10)(c), any debenture issued on or after 16th March 1993 which is not a security (as defined in section 132) but—
(a)
is issued in circumstances such that it would fall by virtue of section 251(6) to be treated for the purposes of section 251 as such a security; and
(b)
would be a corporate bond if it were a security as so defined.
(7)
Subject to subsections (9) and (10) below, for the purposes of this Act, a corporate bond—
(a)
is a “qualifying” corporate bond if it is issued after 13th March 1984; and
(b)
becomes a “qualifying” corporate bond if, having been issued on or before that date, it is acquired by any person after that date and that acquisition is not as a result of a disposal which is excluded for the purposes of this subsection, or which was excluded for the purposes of section 64(4) of the M9Finance Act 1984.
(8)
Where a person disposes of a corporate bond which was issued on or before 13th March 1984 and, before the disposal, the bond had not become a qualifying corporate bond, the disposal is excluded for the purposes of subsection (7) above if, by virtue of any enactment—
(a)
the disposal is treated for the purposes of this Act as one on which neither a gain nor a loss accrues to the person making the disposal; or
(b)
the consideration for the disposal is treated for the purposes of this Act as reduced by an amount equal to the held-over gain on that disposal, as defined for the purposes of section 165 or 260.
(9)
Subject to subsection (10) below, for the purposes of this Act—
(a)
a corporate bond which falls within subsection (3)(a) above is a qualifying corporate bond, whatever the date of its issue;
(b)
a corporate bond which falls within subsection (3)(b) above is a qualifying corporate bond as regards a disposal made after the time mentioned in paragraph 21(1)(c) of Schedule 11 to the 1989 Act, whatever the date of its issue;
(c)
a corporate bond which falls within subsection (3)(c) above is a qualifying corporate bond as regards a disposal made after the time the agreement mentioned in paragraph 22(1)(b) of that Schedule is made, whatever the date of its issue;
(d)
a corporate bond which falls within subsection (3)(d) above is a qualifying corporate bond as regards a disposal made after the time mentioned in paragraph 22A(1)(c) or 22B(2)(b) of that Schedule (as the case may be);
and subsections (7) and (8) above shall not apply in the case of any such bond.
(10)
A security which is issued by a member of a group of companies to another member of the same group is not a qualifying corporate bond for the purposes of this Act except in relation to a disposal by a person who (at the time of the disposal) is not a member of the same group as the company which issued the security; and references in this subsection to a group of companies or to a member of a group shall be construed in accordance with section 170(2) to (14).
(11)
For the purposes of this section—
(a)
where a security is comprised in a letter of allotment or similar instrument and the right to the security thereby conferred remains provisional until accepted, the security shall not be treated as issued until there has been acceptance; and
(b)
“M10Building Societies (Designated Capital Resources) (Permanent Interest Bearing Shares) Order 1991.
” has the same meaning as in the(12)
The Treasury may by regulations provide that for the definition of the expression “
” in subsection (11) above (as it has effect for the time being) there shall be substituted a different definition of that expression, and regulations under this subsection or subsection (5)(b) above may contain such supplementary, incidental, consequential or transitional provision as the Treasury thinks fit.(13)
This section shall have effect for the purposes of section 254 with the omission of subsections (4) to (6), (11) and (12).
Deep discount securities, the accrued income scheme etc.
118 Amount to be treated as consideration on disposal of deep discount securities etc.
(1)
Subject to subsections (2) and (3) below, in the computation of the gain accruing on the disposal by any person of any deep discount securities (within the meaning of Schedule 4 to the Taxes Act)—
(a)
section 37 shall not apply but the consideration for the disposal shall be treated as reduced by the amount mentioned in paragraph 4(1)(a) of that Schedule (including any amount mentioned in paragraph 3 of that Schedule); and
(b)
where that amount exceeds the consideration for the disposal, the amount of the excess shall be treated as expenditure within section 38(1)(b) incurred by that person on the security immediately before the disposal.
(2)
Subsection (3) below applies where—
(a)
there is a conversion of securities to which section 132 applies and those securities include deep discount securities; or
(b)
securities including deep discount securities are exchanged (or by virtue of section 136(1) are treated as exchanged) for other securities in circumstances in which section 135(3) applies.
(3)
Where this subsection applies—
(a)
subsection (1) and section 37 shall not apply but any sum payable to the beneficial owner of the deep discount securities by way of consideration for their disposal (in addition to his new holding) shall be treated for the purpose of the computation of the gain as reduced by the amount of the accrued income on which he is chargeable to tax by virtue of paragraph 7(3) of Schedule 4 to the Taxes Act or, in a case where paragraph 3 of that Schedule applies, on which he would be so chargeable if that paragraph did not apply; and
(b)
where that amount exceeds any such sum, the excess shall be treated as expenditure within section 38(1)(b) incurred by him on the security immediately before the time of the conversion or exchange.
(4)
Where a disposal of a deep discount security is to be treated for the purposes of this Act as one on which neither a gain nor a loss accrues to the person making the disposal, the consideration for which the person acquiring the security would, apart from this subsection, be treated for those purposes as having acquired the security shall be increased by the amount mentioned in paragraph 4(1)(a) of Schedule 4 to the Taxes Act (including any amount mentioned in paragraph 3 of that Schedule).
(5)
Where by virtue of paragraph 18(3) of Schedule 4 to the Taxes Act trustees are deemed for the purposes of that Schedule to dispose of a security at a particular time—
(a)
they shall be deemed to dispose of the security at that time for the purposes of this Act, and
(b)
the disposal deemed by paragraph (a) above shall be deemed to be at the market value of the security.
(6)
Where by virtue of paragraph 18(4) of Schedule 4 to the Taxes Act trustees are deemed for the purposes of that Schedule to acquire a security at a particular time—
(a)
they shall be deemed to acquire the security at that time for the purposes of this Act, and
(b)
the acquisition deemed by paragraph (a) above shall be deemed to be at the market value of the security.
119 Transfers of securities subject to the accrued income scheme.
(1)
Where there is a transfer of securities within the meaning of section 710 of the Taxes Act (accrued income scheme)—
(a)
if section 713(2)(a) or (3)(a) of that Act applies, section 37 shall be disregarded in computing the gain accruing on the disposal concerned;
(b)
if section 713(2)(b) or (3)(b) of that Act applies, section 39 shall be disregarded in computing the gain accruing to the transferee if he disposes of the securities;
but subsections (2) and (3) below shall apply.
(2)
Where the securities are transferred with accrued interest (within the meaning of section 711 of the Taxes Act)—
(a)
if section 713(2)(a) of that Act applies, an amount equal to the accrued amount (determined under that section) shall be excluded from the consideration mentioned in subsection (8) below;
(b)
if section 713(2)(b) of that Act applies, an amount equal to that amount shall be excluded from the sums mentioned in subsection (9) below.
(3)
Where the securities are transferred without accrued interest (within the meaning of section 711 of the Taxes Act)—
(a)
if section 713(3)(a) of that Act applies, an amount equal to the rebate amount (determined under that section) shall be added to the consideration mentioned in subsection (8) below;
(b)
if section 713(3)(b) of that Act applies, an amount equal to that amount shall be added to the sums mentioned in subsection (9) below.
(4)
Where section 716 of the Taxes Act applies—
(a)
if subsection (2) or (3) of that section applies, section 37 shall be disregarded in computing the gain accruing on the disposal concerned, but the relevant amount shall be excluded from the consideration mentioned in subsection (8) below; and
(b)
if subsection (4) of that section applies, section 39 shall be disregarded in computing the gain accruing on the disposal concerned, but the relevant amount shall be excluded from the sums mentioned in subsection (9) below.
(5)
In subsection (4) above “the relevant amount” means an amount equal to—
(a)
if paragraph (b) below does not apply, the amount of the unrealised interest in question (within the meaning of section 716 of the Taxes Act);
(b)
if section 719 of the Taxes Act applies—
(i)
in a case falling within subsection (4)(a) above, amount A (within the meaning of section 719);
(ii)
in a case falling within subsection (4)(b) above, amount C (within the meaning of section 719).
(6)
In relation to any securities which by virtue of subsection (7) below are treated for the purposes of this subsection as having been transferred, subsections (2) and (3) above shall have effect as if for “applies" (in each place where it occurs) there were substituted “
would apply if the disposal were a transfer
”
.
(7)
Where there is a disposal of securities for the purposes of this Act which is not a transfer for the purposes of section 710 of the Taxes Act but, if it were such a transfer, one or more of the following paragraphs would apply, namely, paragraphs (a) and (b) of section 713(2) and paragraphs (a) and (b) of section 713(3) of that Act, the securities shall be treated—
(a)
for the purposes of subsection (6) above, as transferred on the day of the disposal, and
(b)
for the purposes of subsections (2) and (3) above, as transferred with accrued interest if, had the disposal been a transfer for the purposes of section 710, it would have been a transfer with accrued interest and as transferred without accrued interest if, had the disposal been such a transfer, it would have been a transfer without accrued interest.
(8)
The consideration is the consideration for the disposal of the securities transferred which is taken into account in the computation of the gain accruing on the disposal.
(9)
The sums are the sums allowable to the transferee as a deduction from the consideration in the computation of the gain accruing to him if he disposes of the securities.
(10)
Where on a conversion or exchange of securities a person is treated as entitled to a sum under subsection (2)(a) of section 713 of the Taxes Act an amount equal to the accrued amount (determined under that section) shall, for the purposes of this Act, be treated as follows—
(a)
to the extent that it does not exceed the amount of any consideration which the person receives (or is deemed to receive) or becomes entitled to receive on the conversion or exchange (other than his new holding), it shall be treated as reducing that consideration; and
(b)
to the extent that it does exceed that amount, it shall be treated as consideration which the person gives on the conversion or exchange;
and where on a conversion or exchange of securities a person is treated as entitled to relief under subsection (3)(a) of that section an amount equal to the rebate amount (determined under that section) shall, for the purposes of the computation of the gain, be treated as consideration which the person receives on the conversion or exchange.
(11)
In subsection (10) above “conversion” means conversion within the meaning of section 132 and “exchange” means an exchange which by virtue of Chapter II of this Part does not involve a disposal.
120 Increase in expenditure by reference to tax charged in relation to shares etc.
(1)
Where an amount is chargeable to tax under Chapter II of Part III of the M11Finance Act 1988 on a person who acquires shares or an interest in shares, then on the first disposal of the shares (whether by him or by another person) after his acquisition, section 38(1)(a) shall apply as if a sum equal to the amount chargeable had formed part of the consideration given by the person making the disposal for his acquisition of the shares; and this subsection shall apply with the appropriate modifications in a case to which section 83 of that Act applies.
This subsection shall be construed as if it were contained in Chapter II of Part III of the M12Finance Act 1988.
(2)
Section 38(1)(a) applies as if the relevant amount as defined in the following provisions of this section in the cases there specified had formed part of the consideration given by the person making the disposal for his acquisition of the assets in question.
(3)
Where an amount is chargeable to tax by virtue of section 162(5) of the Taxes Act in respect of shares or an interest in shares, then—
(a)
on a disposal of the shares or interest, where that is the event giving rise to the charge; or
(b)
in any case, on the first disposal of the shares or interest after the event,
the relevant amount is a sum equal to the amount so chargeable.
(4)
If a gain chargeable to tax under section 135(1) or (6) of the Taxes Act is realised by the exercise of a right to acquire shares, the relevant amount is a sum equal to the amount of the gain so chargeable to tax.
(5)
Where an amount is chargeable to tax under section 138 of the Taxes Act on a person acquiring any shares or interest in shares, then on the first disposal (whether by him or another person) of the shares after his acquisition, the relevant amount is an amount equal to the amount so chargeable.
(6)
Where an amount was chargeable to tax under F3the applicable provision of the Taxes Act in respect of shares acquired in exercise of any such right as is mentioned in section 185(1) of that Act, the relevant sum in relation to those shares is an amount equal to the amount so chargeable F4; and in this subsection “the applicable provision” means—
(a)
subsection (6) of section 185 of the Taxes Act (as that subsection had effect before the coming into force of section 39(5) of the M13Finance Act 1991), or
(b)
subsection (6A) of that section.
(7)
Subsections (3), (4), (5) and (6) above shall be construed as one with sections 162, 135, 138 and 185 of the Taxes Act respectively.
Savings certificates etc.
121 Exemption for government non-marketable securities.
(1)
Savings certificates and non-marketable securities issued under the M14National Loans Act 1968 or the M15National Loans Act 1939, or any corresponding enactment forming part of the law of Northern Ireland, shall not be chargeable assets, and accordingly no chargeable gain shall accrue on their disposal.
(2)
In this section—
(a)
“savings certificates” means savings certificates issued under section 12 of the M16National Loans Act 1968, or section 7 of the M17National Debt Act 1958, or section 59 of the M18Finance Act 1920, and any war savings certificates as defined in section 9(3) of the M19National Debt Act 1972, together with any savings certificates issued under any enactment forming part of the law of Northern Ireland and corresponding to the said enactments, and
(b)
“non-marketable securities” means securities which are not transferable, or which are transferable only with the consent of some Minister of the Crown, or the consent of a department of the Government of Northern Ireland, or only with the consent of the National Debt Commissioners.
Close companies
124 Disposal of shares: relief in respect of income tax consequent on shortfall in distributions.
(1)
If in pursuance of section 426 of the Taxes Act (consequences for income tax of apportionment of income etc. of close company) a person is assessed to income tax, then, in the computation of the gain accruing on a disposal by him of any shares forming part of his interest in the company to which the relevant apportionment relates, the amount of the income tax paid by him, so far as attributable to those shares, shall be allowable as a deduction.
(2)
Subsection (1) above shall not apply in relation to tax charged in respect of undistributed income which has, before the disposal, been subsequently distributed and is then exempt from tax by virtue of section 427(4) of the Taxes Act or in relation to tax treated as having been paid by virtue of section 426(2)(b) of that Act.
(3)
For the purposes of this section the income assessed to tax shall be the highest part of the individual’s income for the year of assessment in question, but so that if the highest part of the said income is taken into account under this section in relation to an assessment to tax the next highest part shall be taken into account in relation to any other relevant assessment, and so on.
(4)
For the purpose of identifying shares forming part of an interest in a company with shares subsequently disposed of which are of the same class, shares bought at an earlier time shall be deemed to have been disposed of before shares bought at a later time.
125 Shares in close company transferring assets at an undervalue.
(1)
If a company which is a close company transfers, or has after 31st March 1982 transferred, an asset to any person otherwise than by way of a bargain made at arm’s length and for a consideration of an amount or value less than the market value of the asset, an amount equal to the difference shall be apportioned among the issued shares of the company, and the holders of those shares shall be treated in accordance with the following provisions of this section.
(2)
For the purposes of the computation of the gain accruing on the disposal of any of those shares by the person owning them on the date of transfer, an amount equal to the amount so apportioned to that share shall be excluded from the expenditure allowable as a deduction under section 38(1)(a) from the consideration for the disposal.
(3)
If the person owning any of the shares at the date of transfer is itself a close company an amount equal to the amount apportioned to the shares so owned under subsection (1) above to that close company shall be apportioned among the issued shares of that close company, and the holders of those shares shall be treated in accordance with subsection (2) above, and so on through any number of close companies.
(4)
This section shall not apply where the transfer of the asset is a disposal to which section 171(1) applies.
(5)
In relation to a disposal to which section 35(2) does not apply, subsection (1) above shall have effect with the substitution of “
6th April 1965
”
for “31st March 1982".
Chapter II Reorganisation of share capital, conversion of securities etc.
Conversion of securities
132 Equation of converted securities and new holding.
(1)
Sections 127 to 131 shall apply with any necessary adaptations in relation to the conversion of securities as they apply in relation to a reorganisation (that is to say, a reorganisation or reduction of a company’s share capital).
(2)
This section has effect subject to sections 133 and 134.
(3)
For the purposes of this section and section 133—
(a)
“conversion of securities” includes—
(i)
a conversion of securities of a company into shares in the company, and
(ii)
a conversion at the option of the holder of the securities converted as an alternative to the redemption of those securities for cash, and
(iii)
any exchange of securities effected in pursuance of any enactment (including an enactment passed after this Act) which provides for the compulsory acquisition of any shares or securities and the issue of securities or other securities instead,
(b)
“security” includes any loan stock or similar security whether of the Government of the United Kingdom or of any other government, or of any public or local authority in the United Kingdom or elsewhere, or of any company, and whether secured or unsecured.
133 Premiums on conversion of securities.
(1)
This section applies where, on a conversion of securities, a person receives, or becomes entitled to receive, any sum of money (“
”) which is by way of consideration (in addition to his new holding) for the disposal of the converted securities.(2)
If the inspector is satisfied that the premium is small, as compared with the value of the converted securities, and so directs—
(a)
receipt of the premium shall not be treated for the purposes of this Act as a disposal of part of the converted securities, and
(b)
the premium shall be deducted from any expenditure allowable under this Act as a deduction in computing a gain or loss on the disposal of the new holding by the person receiving or becoming entitled to receive the premium.
(3)
A person who is dissatisfied with the refusal of the inspector to give a direction under subsection (2) above may appeal to the Commissioners having jurisdiction on an appeal against an assessment to tax in respect of a gain accruing to him on a disposal of the securities.
(4)
Where the allowable expenditure is less than the premium (or is nil)—
(a)
subsections (2) and (3) above shall not apply, and
(b)
if the recipient so elects (and there is any allowable expenditure)—
(i)
the amount of the premium shall be reduced by the amount of the allowable expenditure, and
(ii)
none of that expenditure shall be allowable as a deduction in computing a gain accruing on the occasion of the conversion, or on any subsequent occasion.
(5)
In subsection (4) above “allowable expenditure” means expenditure which immediately before the conversion was attributable to the converted securities under paragraphs (a) and (b) of section 38(1).
134 Compensation stock.
(1)
This section has effect where gilt-edged securities are exchanged for shares in pursuance of any enactment (including an enactment passed after this Act) which provides for the compulsory acquisition of any shares and the issue of gilt-edged securities instead.
(2)
The exchange shall not constitute a conversion of securities within section 132 and shall be treated as not involving any disposal of the shares by the person from whom they were compulsorily acquired but—
(a)
there shall be calculated the gain or loss that would have accrued to him if he had then disposed of the shares for a consideration equal to the value of the shares as determined for the purpose of the exchange, and
(b)
on a subsequent disposal of the whole or part of the gilt-edged securities by the person to whom they were issued—
(i)
there shall be deemed to accrue to him the whole or a corresponding part of the gain or loss mentioned in paragraph (a) above, and
(ii)
section 115(1) shall not have effect in relation to any gain or loss that is deemed to accrue as aforesaid.
(3)
Where a person to whom gilt-edged securities of any kind were issued as mentioned in subsection (1) above disposes of securities of that kind, the securities of which he disposes—
(a)
shall, so far as possible, be identified with securities which were issued to him as mentioned in subsection (1) above rather than with other securities of that kind, and
(b)
subject to paragraph (a) above, shall be identified with securities issued at an earlier time rather than those issued at a later time.
(4)
Subsection (2)(b) above shall not apply to any disposal falling within the provisions of section 58(1), 62(4) or 171(1) but a person who has acquired the securities on a disposal falling within those provisions (and without there having been a previous disposal not falling within those provisions or a devolution on death) shall be treated for the purposes of subsections (2)(b) and (3) above as if the securities had been issued to him.
(5)
Where the gilt-edged securities to be exchanged for any shares are not issued until after the date on which the shares are compulsorily acquired but on that date a right to the securities is granted, this section shall have effect as if the exchange had taken place on that date, as if references to the issue of the securities and the person to whom they were issued were references to the grant of the right and the person to whom it was granted and references to the disposal of the securities included references to disposals of the rights.
(6)
In this section “
” includes securities within the meaning of section 132.(7)
This section does not apply where the compulsory acquisition took place before 7th April 1976.
Company reconstructions and amalgamations
135 Exchange of securities for those in another company.
(1)
Subsection (3) below has effect where a company (“company A”) issues shares or debentures to a person in exchange for shares in or debentures of another company (“company B”) and—
(a)
company A holds, or in consequence of the exchange will hold, more than one-quarter of the ordinary share capital (as defined in section 832(1) of the Taxes Act) of company B, or
(b)
company A issues the shares or debentures in exchange for shares as the result of a general offer—
(i)
which is made to members of company B or any class of them (with or without exceptions for persons connected with company A), and
(ii)
which is made in the first instance on a condition such that if it were satisfied company A would have control of company B F5or
(c)
company A holds, or in consequence of the exchange will hold, the greater part of the voting power in company B
(2)
Subsection (3) below also has effect where under section 136 persons are to be treated as exchanging shares or debentures held by them in consequence of the arrangement there mentioned.
(3)
Subject to sections 137 and 138, sections 127 to 131 shall apply with any necessary adaptations as if the 2 companies mentioned in subsection (1) above or, as the case may be, in section 136 were the same company and the exchange were a reorganisation of its share capital.
136 Reconstruction or amalgamation involving issue of securities.
(1)
Where—
(a)
an arrangement between a company and the persons holding shares in or debentures of the company, or any class of such shares or debentures, is entered into for the purposes of or in connection with a scheme of reconstruction or amalgamation, and
(b)
under the arrangement another company issues shares or debentures to those persons in respect of and in proportion to (or as nearly as may be in proportion to) their holdings of shares in or debentures of the first-mentioned company, but the shares in or debentures of the first-mentioned company are either retained by those persons or cancelled,
then those persons shall be treated as exchanging the first-mentioned shares or debentures for those held by them in consequence of the arrangement (any shares or debentures retained being for this purpose regarded as if they had been cancelled and replaced by a new issue), and subsections (2) and (3) of section 135 shall apply accordingly.
(2)
In this section “scheme of reconstruction or amalgamation” means a scheme for the reconstruction of any company or companies or the amalgamation of any 2 or more companies, and references to shares or debentures being retained include their being retained with altered rights or in an altered form whether as the result of reduction, consolidation, division or otherwise.
(3)
This section, and section 135(2), shall apply in relation to a company which has no share capital as if references to shares in or debentures of a company included references to any interests in the company possessed by members of the company.
137 Restriction on application of sections 135 and 136.
(1)
Subject to subsection (2) below, and section 138, neither section 135 nor section 136 shall apply to any issue by a company of shares in or debentures of that company in exchange for or in respect of shares in or debentures of another company unless the exchange, reconstruction or amalgamation in question is effected for bona fide commercial reasons and does not form part of a scheme or arrangements of which the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, is avoidance of liability to capital gains tax or corporation tax.
(2)
Subsection (1) above shall not affect the operation of section 135 or 136 in any case where the person to whom the shares or debentures are issued does not hold more than 5 per cent. of, or of any class of, the shares in or debentures of the second company mentioned in subsection (1) above.
(3)
For the purposes of subsection (2) above shares or debentures held by persons connected with the person there mentioned shall be treated as held by him.
(4)
If any tax assessed on a person (the chargeable person) by virtue of subsection (1) above is not paid within 6 months from the date when it is payable, any other person who—
(a)
holds all or any part of the shares or debentures that were issued to the chargeable person, and
(b)
has acquired them without there having been, since their acquisition by the chargeable person, any disposal of them not falling within section 58(1) or 171,
may, at any time within 2 years from the time when the tax became payable, be assessed and charged (in the name of the chargeable person) to all or, as the case may be, a corresponding part of the unpaid tax; and a person paying any amount of tax under this subsection shall be entitled to recover a sum of that amount from the chargeable person.
(5)
With respect to chargeable gains accruing in chargeable periods ending after such day as the Treasury may by order appoint, in subsection (4) above—
(a)
for the words “the date when it is payable" there shall be substituted “
the date determined under subsection (4A) below
”
;
(b)
for the words “the time when the tax became payable" there shall be substituted “
that date
”
; and
(c)
for the words “a sum" onwards there shall be substituted “
from the chargeable person a sum equal to that amount together with any interest paid by him under section 87A of the Management Act on that amount
”
;
and after that subsection there shall be inserted—
“(4A)
The date referred to in subsection (4) above is whichever is the later of—
(a)
the date when the tax becomes due and payable by the chargeable person; and
(b)
the date when the assessment was made on the chargeable person.”
(6)
In this section references to shares or debentures include references to any interests or options to which this Chapter applies by virtue of section 136(3) or 147.
138 Procedure for clearance in advance.
(1)
Section 137 shall not affect the operation of section 135 or 136 in any case where, before the issue is made, the Board have, on the application of either company mentioned in section 137(1), notified the company that the Board are satisfied that the exchange, reconstruction or amalgamation will be effected for bona fide commercial reasons and will not form part of any such scheme or arrangements as are mentioned in section 137(1).
(2)
Any application under subsection (1) above shall be in writing and shall contain particulars of the operations that are to be effected and the Board may, within 30 days of the receipt of the application or of any further particulars previously required under this subsection, by notice require the applicant to furnish further particulars for the purpose of enabling the Board to make their decision; and if any such notice is not complied with within 30 days or such longer period as the Board may allow, the Board need not proceed further on the application.
(3)
The Board shall notify their decision to the applicant within 30 days of receiving the application or, if they give a notice under subsection (2) above, within 30 days of the notice being complied with.
(4)
If the Board notify the applicant that they are not satisfied as mentioned in subsection (1) above or do not notify their decision to the applicant within the time required by subsection (3) above, the applicant may within 30 days of the notification or of that time require the Board to transmit the application, together with any notice given and further particulars furnished under subsection (2) above, to the Special Commissioners; and in that event any notification by the Special Commissioners shall have effect for the purposes of subsection (1) above as if it were a notification by the Board.
(5)
If any particulars furnished under this section do not fully and accurately disclose all facts and considerations material for the decision of the Board or the Special Commissioners, any resulting notification that the Board or Commissioners are satisfied as mentioned in subsection (1) above shall be void.
F6138A Use of earn-out rights for exchange of securities.
(1)
For the purposes of this section an earn-out right is so much of any right conferred on any person (“the seller”) as—
(a)
constitutes the whole or any part of the consideration for the transfer by him of shares in or debentures of a company (“the old securities”);
(b)
consists in a right to be issued with shares in or debentures of another company (“the new company”);
(c)
is such that the value or quantity of the shares or debentures to be issued in pursuance of the right (“the new securities”) is unascertainable at the time when the right is conferred; and
(d)
is not capable of being discharged in accordance with its terms otherwise than by the issue of the new securities.
(2)
Where—
(a)
there is an earn-out right,
(b)
the exchange of the old securities for the earn-out right is an exchange to which section 135 would apply, in a manner unaffected by section 137, if the earn-out right were an ascertainable amount of shares in or debentures of the new company, and
(c)
the seller elects under this section for the earn-out right to be treated as a security of the new company,
this Act shall have effect, in the case of the seller and every other person who from time to time has the earn-out right, in accordance with the assumptions specified in subsection (3) below.
(3)
Those assumptions are—
(a)
that the earn-out right is a security within the definition in section 132;
(b)
that the security consisting in the earn-out right is a security of the new company and is incapable of being a qualifying corporate bond for the purposes of this Act;
(c)
that references in this Act (including those in this section) to a debenture include references to a right that is assumed to be a security in accordance with paragraph (a) above; and
(d)
that the issue of shares or debentures in pursuance of such a right constitutes the conversion of the right, in so far as it is discharged by the issue, into the shares or debentures that are issued.
(4)
For the purposes of this section where—
(a)
any right which is assumed, in accordance with this section, to be a security of a company (“the old right”) is extinguished,
(b)
the whole of the consideration for the extinguishment of the old right consists in another right (“the new right”) to be issued with shares in or debentures of that company,
(c)
the new right is such that the value or quantity of the shares or debentures to be issued in pursuance of the right (“the replacement securities”) is unascertainable at the time when the old right is extinguished,
(d)
the new right is not capable of being discharged in accordance with its terms otherwise than by the issue of the replacement securities, and
(e)
the person on whom the new right is conferred elects under this section for it to be treated as a security of that company,
the assumptions specified in subsection (3) above shall have effect in relation to the new right, in the case of that person and every other person who from time to time has the new right, as they had effect in relation to the old right.
(5)
An election under this section in respect of any right must be made, by a notice given to an officer of the Board—
(a)
in the case of an election by a company within the charge to corporation tax, within the period of two years from the end of the accounting period in which the right is conferred; and
(b)
in any other case, on or before the first anniversary of the 31st January next following the year of assessment in which that right is conferred.
(6)
An election under this section shall be irrevocable.
(7)
Subject to subsections (8) to (10) below, where any right to be issued with shares in or debentures of a company is conferred on any person, the value or quantity of the shares or debentures to be issued in pursuance of that right shall be taken for the purposes of this section to be unascertainable at a particular time if, and only if—
(a)
it is made referable to matters relating to any business or assets of one or more relevant companies; and
(b)
those matters are uncertain at that time on account of future business or future assets being included in the business or assets to which they relate.
(8)
Where a right to be issued with shares or debentures is conferred wholly or partly in consideration for the transfer of other shares or debentures or the extinguishment of any right, the value and quantity of the shares or debentures to be issued shall not be taken for the purposes of this section to be unascertainable in any case where, if—
(a)
the transfer or extinguishment were a disposal, and
(b)
a gain on that disposal fell to be computed in accordance with this Act,
the shares or debentures to be issued would, in pursuance of section 48, be themselves regarded as, or as included in, the consideration for the disposal.
(9)
Where any right to be issued with shares in or debentures of a company comprises an option to choose between shares in that company and debentures of that company, the existence of that option shall not, by itself, be taken for the purposes of this section either—
(a)
to make unascertainable the value or quantity of the shares or debentures to be issued; or
(b)
to prevent the requirements of subsection (1)(b) and (d) or (4)(b) and (d) above from being satisfied in relation to that right.
(10)
For the purposes of this section the value or quantity of shares or debentures shall not be taken to be unascertainable by reason only that it has not been fixed if it will be fixed by reference to the other and the other is ascertainable.
(11)
In subsection (7) above “relevant company”, in relation to any right to be issued with shares in or debentures of a company, means—
(a)
that company or any company which is in the same group of companies as that company; or
(b)
the company for whose shares or debentures that right was or was part of the consideration, or any company in the same group of companies as that company;
and in this subsection the reference to a group of companies shall be construed in accordance with section 170(2) to (14).
139 Reconstruction or amalgamation involving transfer of business.
(1)
Subject to the provisions of this section, where—
(a)
any scheme of reconstruction or amalgamation involves the transfer of the whole or part of a company’s business to another company, and
(b)
at the time of the transfer both the companies are resident in the United Kingdom, and
(c)
the first-mentioned company receives no part of the consideration for the transfer (otherwise than by the other company taking over the whole or part of the liabilities of the business),
then, so far as relates to corporation tax on chargeable gains, the 2 companies shall be treated as if any assets included in the transfer were acquired by the one company from the other company for a consideration of such amount as would secure that on the disposal by way of transfer neither a gain nor a loss would accrue to the company making the disposal, and for the purposes of Schedule 2 the acquiring company shall be treated as if the respective acquisitions of the assets by the other company had been the acquiring company’s acquisition of them.
(2)
This section does not apply in relation to an asset which, until the transfer, formed part of trading stock of a trade carried on by the company making the disposal, or in relation to an asset which is acquired as trading stock for the purposes of a trade carried on by the company acquiring the asset.
Section 170(1) applies for the purposes of this subsection.
(3)
This section does not apply in relation to an asset if the company acquiring it, though resident in the United Kingdom—
(a)
is regarded for the purposes of any double taxation relief arrangements as resident in a territory outside the United Kingdom, and
(b)
by virtue of the arrangements, would not be liable in the United Kingdom to tax on a gain arising on a disposal of the asset occurring immediately after the acquisition.
(4)
This section does not apply in the case of a transfer of the whole or part of a company’s business to a unit trust scheme to which section 100(2) applies or which is an authorised unit trust or to an investment trust.
(5)
This section does not apply unless the reconstruction or amalgamation is effected for bona fide commercial reasons and does not form part of a scheme or arrangements of which the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, is avoidance of liability to corporation tax, capital gains tax or income tax; but the foregoing provisions of this subsection shall not affect the operation of this section in any case where, before the transfer, the Board have, on the application of the acquiring company, notified the company that the Board are satisfied that the reconstruction or amalgamation will be effected for bona fide commercial reasons and will not form part of any such scheme or arrangements as aforesaid.
Subsections (2) to (5) of section 138 shall have effect in relation to this subsection as they have effect in relation to subsection (1) of that section.
(6)
Where, if the company making the disposal had not been wound up, tax could have been assessed on it by virtue of subsection (5) above, that tax may be assessed and charged (in the name of the company making the disposal) on the company to which the disposal is made.
(7)
If any tax assessed on a company (“the chargeable company”) by virtue of subsection (5) or (6) above is not paid within 6 months from the date when it is payable, any other person who—
(a)
holds all or any part of the assets in respect of which the tax is charged; and
(b)
either is the company to which the disposal was made or has acquired the assets without there having been any subsequent disposal not falling within this section or section 171,
may, within 2 years from the time when the tax became payable, be assessed and charged (in the name of the chargeable company) to all or, as the case may be, a corresponding part of the unpaid tax; and a person paying any amount of tax under this section shall be entitled to recover a sum of that amount from the chargeable company.
(8)
With respect to chargeable gains accruing in chargeable periods ending after such day as the Treasury may by order appoint, in subsection (7) above—
(a)
for the words “when it is payable" there shall be substituted “
when it is due and payable or, if later, the date when the assessment is made on the company
”
;
(b)
for the words “the time when the tax became payable" there shall be substituted “
the later of those dates
”
; and
(c)
for the words “a sum" onwards there shall be substituted “
from the chargeable company a sum equal to that amount together with any interest paid by him under section 87A of the Management Act on that amount
”
.
(9)
In this section “scheme of reconstruction or amalgamation” means a scheme for the reconstruction of any company or companies or the amalgamation of any 2 or more companies.
140 Postponement of charge on transfer of assets to non-resident company.
(1)
This section applies where a company resident in the United Kingdom carries on a trade outside the United Kingdom through a branch or agency and—
(a)
that trade, or part of it, together with the whole assets of the company used for the purposes of the trade or part (or together with the whole of those assets other than cash) is transferred to a company not resident in the United Kingdom;
(b)
the trade or part is so transferred wholly or partly in exchange for securities consisting of shares, or of shares and loan stock, issued by the transferee company to the transferor company;
(c)
the shares so issued, either alone or taken together with any other shares in the transferee company already held by the transferor company, amount in all to not less than one quarter of the ordinary share capital of the transferee company; and
(d)
either no allowable losses accrue to the transferor company on the transfer or the aggregate of the chargeable gains so accruing exceeds the aggregate of the allowable losses so accruing;
and also applies in any case where section 268A of the M20Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970 applied unless the deferred gain had been wholly taken into account in accordance with that section before the coming into force of this section.
Section 170(1) shall apply for the purposes of this section.
(2)
In any case to which this section applies the transferor company may claim that this Act shall have effect in accordance with the following provisions.
(3)
Any allowable losses accruing to the transferor company on the transfer shall be set off against the chargeable gains so accruing and the transfer shall be treated as giving rise to a single chargeable gain equal to the aggregate of those gains after deducting the aggregate of those losses and—
(a)
if the securities are the whole consideration for the transfer, the whole of that gain shall be treated as not accruing to the transferor company on the transfer but an equivalent amount (“the deferred gain”) shall be brought into account in accordance with subsections (4) and (5) below;
(b)
if the securities are not the whole of that consideration—
(i)
paragraph (a) above shall apply to the appropriate proportion of that gain; and
(ii)
the remainder shall be treated as accruing to the transferor company on the transfer.
In paragraph (b)(i) above “the appropriate proportion” means the proportion that the market value of the securities at the time of the transfer bears to the market value of the whole of the consideration at that time.
(4)
If at any time after the transfer the transferor company disposes of the whole or part of the securities held by it immediately before that time, the consideration received by it on the disposal shall be treated as increased by the whole or the appropriate proportion of the deferred gain so far as not already taken into account under this subsection or subsection (5) below.
In this subsection “the appropriate proportion” means the proportion that the market value of the part of the securities disposed of bears to the market value of the securities held immediately before the disposal.
(5)
If at any time within 6 years after the transfer the transferee company disposes of the whole or part of the relevant assets held by it immediately before that time there shall be deemed to accrue to the transferor company as a chargeable gain on that occasion the whole or the appropriate proportion of the deferred gain so far as not already taken into account under this subsection or subsection (4) above.
In this subsection “relevant assets” means assets the chargeable gains on which were taken into account in arriving at the deferred gain and “the appropriate proportion” means the proportion which the chargeable gain so taken into account in respect of the part of the relevant assets disposed of bears to the aggregate of the chargeable gains so taken into account in respect of the relevant assets held immediately before the time of the disposal.
(6)
There shall be disregarded—
(a)
for the purposes of subsection (4) above any disposal to which section 171 applies; and
(b)
for the purposes of subsection (5) above any disposal to which that section would apply apart from section 170(2)(a) and (9);
and where a person acquires securities or an asset on a disposal disregarded for the purposes of subsection (4) or (5) above (and without there having been a previous disposal not so disregarded) a disposal of the securities or asset by that person shall be treated as a disposal by the transferor or, as the case may be, transferee company.
F7(6A)
No claim may be made under this section as regards a transfer in relation to which a claim is made under section 140C.
(7)
If in the case of any such transfer as was mentioned in section 268(1) of the M21Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970 there were immediately before the coming into force of this section chargeable gains which by virtue of section 268(2) and 268A(8) of that Act were treated as not having accrued to the transferor company, subsection (4) above shall (without any claim in that behalf) apply to the aggregate of those gains as if references to the deferred gain were references to that aggregate and as if references to the transfer and the securities were references to the transfer and the shares, or shares and loan stock, mentioned in section 268(1).
(8)
If in the case of any such transfer as was mentioned in section 268A(1) of the M22Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970 there were immediately before the coming into force of this section deferred gains which by virtue of section 268A(3) were treated as not having accrued to the transferor company, subsections (4) and (5) above shall (without any claim in that behalf) apply to those deferred gains as they apply to gains deferred by virtue of subsection (3) above (as if the references to the transfer and the securities were references to the transfer and securities mentioned in section 268A(1)).
F8Transfers concerning companies of different member States
F9140ATransfer of a UK trade.
(1)
This section applies where—
(a)
a qualifying company resident in one member State (company A)
transfers the whole or part of a trade carried on by it in the United Kingdom to a qualifying company resident in another member State (company B),
(b)
the transfer is wholly in exchange for securities issued by company B to company A,
(c)
a claim is made under this section by company A and company B,
(d)
section 140B does not prevent this section applying, and
(e)
the appropriate condition is met in relation to company B immediately after the time of the transfer.
(2)
Where immediately after the time of the transfer company B is not resident in the United Kingdom, the appropriate condition is that were it to dispose of the assets included in the transfer any chargeable gains accruing to it on the disposal would form part of its chargeable profits for corporation tax purposes by virtue of section 10(3).
(3)
Where immediately after the time of the transfer company B is resident in the United Kingdom, the appropriate condition is that none of the assets included in the transfer is one in respect of which, by virtue of the asset being of a description specified in double taxation relief arrangements, the company falls to be regarded for the purposes of the arrangements as not liable in the United Kingdom to tax on gains accruing to it on a disposal.
(4)
Where this section applies—
(a)
the two companies shall be treated, so far as relates to corporation tax on chargeable gains, as if any assets included in the transfer were acquired by company B from company A for a consideration of such amount as would secure that on the disposal by way of transfer neither a gain nor a loss would accrue to company A;
(b)
section 25(3) shall not apply to any such assets by reason of the transfer (if it would apply apart from this paragraph).
(5)
For the purposes of subsection (1)(a) above, a company shall be regarded as resident in a member State if it is within a charge to tax under the law of the State because it is regarded as resident for the purposes of the charge.
(6)
For the purposes of subsection (5) above, a company shall be treated as not within a charge to tax under the law of a member State if it falls to be regarded for the purposes of any double taxation relief arrangements to which the State is a party as resident in a territory which is not within any of the member States.
(7)
In this section—
“qualifying company” means a body incorporated under the law of a member State;
“securities” includes shares.
F10140B Section 140A: anti-avoidance.
(1)
Section 140A shall not apply unless the transfer of the trade or part is effected for bona fide commercial reasons and does not form part of a scheme or arrangements of which the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, is avoidance of liability to income tax, corporation tax or capital gains tax.
(2)
Subsection (1) above shall not apply where, before the transfer, the Board have on the application of company A and company B notified those companies that the Board are satisfied that the transfer will be effected for bona fide commercial reasons and will not form part of any such scheme or arrangements as are mentioned in that subsection.
(3)
Subsections (2) to (5) of section 138 shall have effect in relation to subsection (2) above as they have effect in relation to subsection (1) of that section.
140CF11Transfer of a non-UK trade.
(1)
This section applies where—
(a)
a qualifying company resident in the United Kingdom (company A)
transfers to a qualifying company resident in another member State (company B) the whole or part of a trade which, immediately before the time of the transfer, company A carried on in a member State other than the United Kingdom through a branch or agency,
(b)
the transfer includes the whole of the assets of company A used for the purposes of the trade or part (or the whole of those assets other than cash),
(c)
the transfer is wholly or partly in exchange for securities issued by company B to company A,
(d)
the aggregate of the chargeable gains accruing to company A on the transfer exceeds the aggregate of the allowable losses so accruing,
(e)
a claim is made under this section by company A, and
(f)
section 140D does not prevent this section applying.
(2)
In a case where this section applies, this Act shall have effect in accordance with subsection (3) below.
(3)
The allowable losses accruing to company A on the transfer shall be set off against the chargeable gains so accruing and the transfer shall be treated as giving rise to a single chargeable gain equal to the aggregate of those gains after deducting the aggregate of those losses.
(4)
No claim may be made under this section as regards a transfer in relation to which a claim is made under section 140.
(5)
In a case where this section applies, section 815A of the Taxes Act shall also apply.
(6)
For the purposes of subsection (1)(a) above—
(a)
a company shall not be regarded as resident in the United Kingdom if it falls to be regarded for the purposes of any double taxation relief arrangements to which the United Kingdom is a party as resident in a territory which is not within any of the member States;
(b)
a company shall be regarded as resident in another member State if it is within a charge to tax under the law of the State because it is regarded as resident for the purposes of the charge.
(7)
For the purposes of subsection (6)(b) above, a company shall be treated as not within a charge to tax under the law of a member State if it falls to be regarded for the purposes of any double taxation relief arrangements to which the State is a party as resident in a territory which is not within any of the member States.
(8)
Section 442(3) of the Taxes Act (overseas business of UK insurance companies) shall be ignored in arriving at the chargeable gains accruing to company A on the transfer, and the allowable losses so accruing, for the purposes of subsections (1)(d) and (3) above.
(9)
In this section—
“qualifying company” means a body incorporated under the law of a member State;
“securities” includes shares.
F12140DSection 140C: anti-avoidance.
(1)
Section 140C shall not apply unless the transfer of the trade or part is effected for bona fide commercial reasons and does not form part of a scheme or arrangements of which the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, is avoidance of liability to income tax, corporation tax or capital gains tax.
(2)
Subsection (1) above shall not apply where, before the transfer, the Board have on the application of company A notified that company that the Board are satisfied that the transfer will be effected for bona fide commercial reasons and will not form part of any such scheme or arrangements as are mentioned in that subsection.
(3)
Subsections (2) to (5) of section 138 shall have effect in relation to subsection (2) above as they have effect in relation to subsection (1) of that section.
Chapter III Miscellaneous provisions relating to commodities, futures, options and other securities
141 Stock dividends: consideration for new holding.
(1)
In applying section 128(1) in relation to the issue of any share capital to which section 249 of the Taxes Act (stock dividends) applies as involving a reorganisation of the company’s share capital, there shall be allowed, as consideration given for so much of the new holding as was issued as mentioned in subsection (4), (5) or (6) of section 249 (read in each case with subsection (3) of that section) an amount equal to what is, for that much of the new holding, the appropriate amount in cash within the meaning of section 251(2) of the Taxes Act.
(2)
This section shall have effect notwithstanding section 128(2).
142 Capital gains on certain stock dividends.
(1)
This section applies where a company issues any share capital to which section 249 of the Taxes Act applies in respect of shares in the company held by a person as trustee, and another person is at the time of the issue absolutely entitled thereto as against the trustee or would be so entitled but for being an infant or other person under disability (or 2 or more other persons are or would be jointly so entitled thereto).
(2)
Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of section 126(2) the case shall not constitute a reorganisation of the company’s share capital for the purposes of sections 126 to 128.
(3)
Notwithstanding section 17(1), the person who is or would be so entitled to the share capital (or each of the persons who are or would be jointly so entitled thereto) shall be treated for the purposes of section 38(1)(a) as having acquired that share capital, or his interest in it, for a consideration equal to the appropriate amount in cash within the meaning of section 251(2) to (4) of the Taxes Act.
143 Commodity and financial futures and qualifying options.
(1)
If, apart from section 128 of the Taxes Act, gains arising to any person in the course of dealing in commodity or financial futures or in qualifying options would constitute, for the purposes of the Tax Acts, profits or gains chargeable to tax under Schedule D otherwise than as the profits of a trade, then his outstanding obligations under any futures contract entered into in the course of that dealing and any qualifying option granted or acquired in the course of that dealing shall be regarded as assets to the disposal of which this Act applies.
(2)
In subsection (1) above—
(a)
“commodity or financial futures” means commodity futures or financial futures which are for the time being dealt in on a recognised futures exchange; and
(b)
“qualifying option” means a traded option or financial option as defined in section 144(8).
(3)
Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2)(a) above, where, otherwise than in the course of dealing on a recognised futures exchange—
(a)
an authorised person or listed institution enters into a commodity or financial futures contract with another person, or
(b)
the outstanding obligations under a commodity or financial futures contract to which an authorised person or listed institution is a party are brought to an end by a further contract between the parties to the futures contract,
then, except in so far as any gain or loss arising to any person from that transaction arises in the course of a trade, that gain or loss shall be regarded for the purposes of subsection (1) above as arising to him in the course of dealing in commodity or financial futures.
(4)
In subsection (3) above—
“authorised person” has the same meaning as in the M23Financial Services Act 1986, and
“listed institution” has the same meaning as in section 43 of that Act.
(5)
For the purposes of this Act, where, in the course of dealing in commodity or financial futures, a person who has entered into a futures contract closes out that contract by entering into another futures contract with obligations which are reciprocal to those of the first-mentioned contract, that transaction shall constitute the disposal of an asset (namely, his outstanding obligations under the first-mentioned contract) and, accordingly—
(a)
any money or money’s worth received by him on that transaction shall constitute consideration for the disposal; and
(b)
any money or money’s worth paid or given by him on that transaction shall be treated as incidental costs to him of making the disposal.
(6)
In any case where—
(a)
a person who, in the course of dealing in financial futures, has entered into a futures contract does not close out that contract (as mentioned in subsection (5) above), and
(b)
the nature of the futures contract is such that, at its expiry date, the person concerned is entitled to receive or liable to make a payment in full settlement of all obligations under that contract,
then, for the purposes of this Act, he shall be treated as having disposed of an asset (namely, his outstanding obligations under the futures contract) and the payment received or made by him shall be treated as consideration for that disposal or, as the case may be, as incidental costs to him of making the disposal.
144 Options and forfeited deposits.
(1)
Without prejudice to section 21, the grant of an option, and in particular—
(a)
the grant of an option in a case where the grantor binds himself to sell what he does not own, and because the option is abandoned, never has occasion to own, and
(b)
the grant of an option in a case where the grantor binds himself to buy what, because the option is abandoned, he does not acquire,
is the disposal of an asset (namely of the option), but subject to the following provisions of this section as to treating the grant of an option as part of a larger transaction.
(2)
If an option is exercised, the grant of the option and the transaction entered into by the grantor in fulfilment of his obligations under the option shall be treated as a single transaction and accordingly—
(a)
if the option binds the grantor to sell, the consideration for the option is part of the consideration for the sale, and
(b)
if the option binds the grantor to buy, the consideration for the option shall be deducted from the cost of acquisition incurred by the grantor in buying in pursuance of his obligations under the option.
(3)
The exercise of an option by the person for the time being entitled to exercise it shall not constitute the disposal of an asset by that person, but, if an option is exercised then the acquisition of the option (whether directly from the grantor or not) and the transaction entered into by the person exercising the option in exercise of his rights under the option shall be treated as a single transaction and accordingly—
(a)
if the option binds the grantor to sell, the cost of acquiring the option shall be part of the cost of acquiring what is sold, and
(b)
if the option binds the grantor to buy, the cost of the option shall be treated as a cost incidental to the disposal of what is bought by the grantor of the option.
(4)
The abandonment of—
(a)
a quoted option to subscribe for shares in a company, or
(b)
a traded option or financial option, or
(c)
an option to acquire assets exercisable by a person intending to use them, if acquired, for the purpose of a trade carried on by him,
shall constitute the disposal of an asset (namely of the option); but the abandonment of any other option by the person for the time being entitled to exercise it shall not constitute the disposal of an asset by that person.
(5)
This section shall apply in relation to an option binding the grantor both to sell and to buy as if it were 2 separate options with half the consideration attributed to each.
(6)
In this section references to an option include references to an option binding the grantor to grant a lease for a premium, or enter into any other transaction which is not a sale, and references to buying and selling in pursuance of an option shall be construed accordingly.
(7)
This section shall apply in relation to a forfeited deposit of purchase money or other consideration money for a prospective purchase or other transaction which is abandoned as it applies in relation to the consideration for an option which binds the grantor to sell and which is not exercised.
(8)
In subsection (4) above and sections 146 and 147—
(a)
“quoted option” means an option which, at the time of the abandonment or other disposal, is quoted on a recognised stock exchange;
(b)
“traded option” means an option which, at the time of the abandonment or other disposal, is quoted on a recognised stock exchange or a recognised futures exchange; and
(c)
“financial option” means an option which is not a traded option, as defined in paragraph (b) above, but which, subject to subsection (9) below—
(i)
relates to currency, shares, securities or an interest rate and is granted (otherwise than as agent) by a member of a recognised stock exchange, by an authorised person within the meaning of the M24Financial Services Act 1986 or by a listed institution within the meaning of section 43 of that Act; or
(ii)
relates to shares or securities which are dealt in on a recognised stock exchange and is granted by a member of such an exchange, acting as agent; or
(iii)
relates to currency, shares, securities or an interest rate and is granted to such an authorised person or institution as is referred to in sub-paragraph (i) above and concurrently and in association with an option falling within that sub-paragraph which is granted by that authorised person or institution to the grantor of the first-mentioned option; or
(iv)
relates to shares or securities which are dealt in on a recognised stock exchange and is granted to a member of such an exchange, including such a member acting as agent.
(9)
If the Treasury by order so provide, an option of a description specified in the order shall be taken to be within the definition of “financial option" in subsection (8)(c) above.
145 Call options: indexation allowance.
(1)
This section applies where, on a disposal to which section 53 applies, the relevant allowable expenditure includes both—
(a)
the cost of acquiring an option binding the grantor to sell (“the option consideration”); and
(b)
the cost of acquiring what was sold as a result of the exercise of the option (“the sale consideration”),
but does not apply in any case where section 114 applies.
(2)
For the purpose of computing the indexation allowance (if any) on the disposal referred to in subsection (1) above—
(a)
the option consideration and the sale consideration shall be regarded as separate items of expenditure; and
(b)
subsection (4) of section 54 shall apply to neither of those items and, accordingly, they shall be regarded as incurred when the option was acquired and when the sale took place, respectively.
(3)
This section has effect notwithstanding section 144, but expressions used in this section have the same meaning as in that section and subsection (5) of that section applies for the purpose of determining the cost of acquiring an option binding the grantor to sell.
146 Options: application of rules as to wasting assets.
(1)
Section 46 shall not apply—
(a)
to a quoted option to subscribe for shares in a company, or
(b)
to a traded option, or financial option, or
(c)
to an option to acquire assets exercisable by a person intending to use them, if acquired, for the purpose of a trade carried on by him.
(2)
In relation to the disposal by way of transfer of an option (other than an option falling within subsection (1)(a) or (b) above) binding the grantor to sell or buy quoted shares or securities, the option shall be regarded as a wasting asset the life of which ends when the right to exercise the option ends, or when the option becomes valueless, whichever is the earlier.
Subsections (5) and (6) of section 144 shall apply in relation to this subsection as they apply in relation to that section.
(3)
The preceding provisions of this section are without prejudice to the application of sections 44 to 47 to options not within those provisions.
(4)
In this section—
(a)
“financial option”, “quoted option” and “traded option” have the meanings given by section 144(8), and
(b)
“
” means shares or securities which have a quoted market value on a recognised stock exchange in the United Kingdom or elsewhere.147 Quoted options treated as part of new holdings.
(1)
If a quoted option to subscribe for shares in a company is dealt in (on the stock exchange where it is quoted) within 3 months after the taking effect, with respect to the company granting the option, of any reorganisation, reduction, conversion or amalgamation to which Chapter II of this Part applies, or within such longer period as the Board may by notice allow—
(a)
the option shall, for the purposes of that Chapter be regarded as the shares which could be acquired by exercising the option, and
(b)
section 272(3) shall apply for determining its market value.
(2)
In this section “quoted option” has the meaning given by section 144(8).
148 Traded options: closing purchases.
(1)
This section applies where a person (“the grantor”) who has granted a traded option (“the original option”) closes it out by acquiring a traded option of the same description (“the second option”).
(2)
Any disposal by the grantor involved in closing out the original option shall be disregarded for the purposes of capital gains tax or, as the case may be, corporation tax on chargeable gains.
(3)
The incidental costs to the grantor of making the disposal constituted by the grant of the original option shall be treated for the purposes of the computation of the gain as increased by an amount equal to the aggregate of—
(a)
the amount or value of the consideration, in money or money’s worth, given by him or on his behalf wholly and exclusively for the acquisition of the second option, and
(b)
the incidental costs to him of that acquisition.
(4)
In this section “traded option” has the meaning given by section 144(8).
149 Rights to acquire qualifying shares.
(1)
This section applies where on or after 25th July 1991 (the day on which the M25Finance Act 1991 was passed) a building society confers—
(a)
on its members, or
(b)
on any particular class or description of its members,
any rights to acquire, in priority to other persons, shares in the society which are qualifying shares.
(2)
Any such right so conferred shall be regarded for the purposes of capital gains tax as an option granted to, and acquired by, the member concerned for no consideration and having no value at the time of that grant and acquisition.
(3)
In this section—
“member” includes a former member, and
“
” has the same meaning as in section 117(4).149AF13Approved share option schemes.
(1)
This section applies where—
(a)
an option is granted on or after 16th March 1993,
(b)
the option consists of a right to acquire shares in a body corporate and is obtained as mentioned in section 185(1) of the Taxes Act (approved share option schemes), and
(c)
section 17(1) would (apart from this section) apply for the purposes of calculating the consideration for the grant of the option.
(2)
The grantor of the option shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as if section 17(1) did not apply for the purposes of calculating the consideration and, accordingly, as if the amount or value of the consideration was its actual amount or value.
(3)
Where the option is granted wholly or partly in recognition of services or past services in any office or employment, the value of those services shall not be taken into account in calculating the actual amount or value of the consideration.
(4)
The preceding provisions of this section shall not affect the treatment for the purposes of this Act of the person to whom the option is granted.
150 Business expansion schemes.
(1)
In this section “relief” means relief under Chapter III of Part VII of the Taxes Act, Schedule 5 to the M26Finance Act 1983 (“the 1983 Act”) or Chapter II of Part IV of the M27Finance Act 1981 (“the 1981 Act”) and “ ” has the meaning given by section 289(4) of the Taxes Act.
(2)
A gain or loss which accrues to an individual on the disposal of any shares issued after 18th March 1986 in respect of which relief has been given to him and not withdrawn shall not be a chargeable gain or allowable loss for the purposes of capital gains tax.
(3)
The sums allowable as deductions from the consideration in the computation for the purposes of capital gains tax of the gain or loss accruing to an individual on the disposal of shares issued before 19th March 1986 in respect of which relief has been given and not withdrawn shall be determined without regard to that relief, except that where those sums exceed the consideration they shall be reduced by an amount equal to—
(a)
the amount of that relief; or
(b)
the excess,
whichever is the less, but the foregoing provisions of this subsection shall not apply to a disposal falling within section 58(1).
(4)
Any question—
(a)
as to which of any shares issued to a person at different times, being shares in respect of which relief has been given and not withdrawn, a disposal relates, or
(b)
whether a disposal relates to shares in respect of which relief has been given and not withdrawn or to other shares,
shall for the purposes of capital gains tax be determined as for the purposes of section 299 of the Taxes Act, or section 57 of the M28Finance Act 1981 if the relief has only been given under that Act; and Chapter I of this Part shall have effect subject to the foregoing provisions of this subsection.
(5)
Notwithstanding anything in section 107(1) and (2), section 107 does not apply to shares in respect of which relief has been given and not withdrawn.
(6)
Where an individual holds shares which form part of the ordinary share capital of a company and the relief has been given (and not withdrawn) in respect of some but not others, then, if there is within the meaning of section 126 a reorganisation affecting those shares, section 127 shall apply separately to the shares in respect of which the relief has been given (and not withdrawn) and to the other shares (so that shares of each kind are treated as a separate holding of original shares and identified with a separate new holding).
(7)
Where section 58 has applied to any eligible shares disposed of by an individual to his or her spouse (“the transferee”), subsection (2) above shall apply in relation to the subsequent disposal of the shares by the transferee to a third party.
(8)
Where section 135 or 136 would, but for this subsection, apply in relation to eligible shares issued after 18th March 1986 in respect of which an individual has been given relief, that section shall apply only if the relief is withdrawn.
(9)
Sections 127 to 130 shall not apply in relation to any shares in respect of which relief (other than relief under the 1981 Act) has been given and which form part of a company’s ordinary share capital if—
(a)
there is, by virtue of any such allotment for payment as is mentioned in section 126(2)(a), a reorganisation occurring after 18th March 1986 affecting those shares; and
(b)
immediately following the reorganisation, the relief has not been withdrawn in respect of those shares or relief has been given in respect of the allotted shares and not withdrawn.
(10)
Where relief is reduced by virtue of subsection (2) of section 305 of the Taxes Act—
(a)
the sums allowable as deductions from the consideration in the computation, for the purposes of capital gains tax, of the gain or loss accruing to an individual on the disposal, after 18th March 1986, of any of the allotted shares or debentures shall be taken to include the amount of the reduction apportioned between the allotted shares or (as the case may be) debentures in such a way as appears to the inspector, or on appeal to the Commissioners concerned, to be just and reasonable; and
(b)
the sums so allowable on the disposal (in circumstances in which subsections (2) to (8) above do not apply) of any of the shares referred to in section 305(2)(a) shall be taken to be reduced by the amount mentioned in paragraph (a) above, similarly apportioned between those shares.
(11)
There shall be made all such adjustments of capital gains tax, whether by way of assessment or by way of discharge or repayment of tax, as may be required in consequence of the relief being given or withdrawn.
151 Personal equity plans.
(1)
The Treasury may make regulations providing that an individual who invests under a plan shall be entitled to relief from capital gains tax in respect of the investments.
(2)
Subsections (2) to (5) of section 333 of the Taxes Act (personal equity plans) shall apply in relation to regulations under subsection (1) above as they apply in relation to regulations under subsection (1) of that section but with the substitution for any reference to income tax of a reference to capital gains tax.
(3)
Regulations under this section may include provision securing that losses are disregarded for the purposes of capital gains tax where they accrue on the disposal of investments on or after 18th January 1988.
F14(4)
Regulations under this section may include provision which, for cases where a person subscribes to a plan by transferring or renouncing shares or rights to shares—
(a)
modifies the effect of this Act in relation to their acquisition and their transfer or renunciation; and
(b)
makes consequential modifications of the effect of this Act in relation to anything which (apart from the regulations) would have been regarded on or after their acquisition as an indistinguishable part of the same asset.