Finance Act 1994

Chapter V U.K. Lloyd’s Underwriters: Corporations etc.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 Pt. IV Chapter V (ss. 219-230) modified (1.12.1997) by S.I. 1997/2681, reg. 3(2)(a)

C2 Pt. IV Chapter V (ss. 219-230) applied (1.5.1995) by 1995 c. 4, s. 129(4)(6)

Pt. IV Chapter V (ss. 219-230) applied (1.5.1995) by 1995 c. 4, s. 127(16)(a)(19)

Main provisions U.K.

219 Taxation of profits. U.K.

(1) Corporation tax for any accounting period on the profits arising from a corporate member’s underwriting business shall be computed on the profits of that accounting period.

(2) As respects the profits arising to a corporate member for any accounting period directly from its membership of one or more syndicates, or from assets forming part of a [F1 premium] trust fund—

(a) the aggregate of those profits shall be computed for tax purposes under Case I of Schedule D; and

(b) accordingly, no part of those profits shall be computed for those purposes under any other Schedule or any other Case of Schedule D.

(3) [F2 Subject to subsection (4A) below,] the profits arising to a corporate member for any accounting period—

(a) from assets forming part of an ancillary trust fund; or

(b) from assets employed by it in, or in connection with, its underwriting business,

shall be computed for tax purposes under Case I of Schedule D if, and to the extent that, they do not fall to be computed for those purposes under any other Schedule or any other Case of Schedule D.

(4) Where the profits arising for any accounting period from the assets of a corporate member’s [F1 premium] trust fund include [F3 UK distributions], subsection (2) above shall apply in relation to those distributions F4 . . . notwithstanding anything in section 11(2)(a) or 208 of the Taxes Act 1988.

[F5 (4A) Notwithstanding anything in section F6 ... 208 of the Taxes Act 1988, UK distributions in respect of any assets of a corporate member which are mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (3) above—

(a) shall be taken into account in computing profits of the corporate member for tax purposes; and

(b) shall be so taken into account under Case I of Schedule D (and not under any other Schedule or any other Case of Schedule D).

(4B) Section 231(1) of the Taxes Act 1988 (entitlement to tax credit) shall not apply where the distribution there mentioned is a distribution in respect of any asset of a corporate member’s [F1 premium] trust fund.

(4C) In this section “UK distributions” means dividends or other distributions of a company resident in the United Kingdom.]

F7 (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F1 Words in s. 219(2)(4)(4B) substituted (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3629, art. 87(a)

F2 Words in s. 219(3) inserted (31.7.1997 with effect as mentioned in s. 22(7) of the amending Act) by 1997 c. 58, s. 22(2)

F3 Words in s. 219(4) substituted (31.7.1997 with effect as mentioned in s. 22(7) of the amending Act) by 1997 c. 58, s. 22(3)(a)

F4 Words in s. 219(4) repealed (31.7.1997 with effect as mentioned in s. 22(7) and the Note to Sch. 8 Pt. II(5) of the repealing Act) by 1997 c. 58, ss. 22(3)(b), 52, Sch. 8 Pt. II(5)

F5 S. 219(4A)-(4C) inserted (31.7.1997 with effect as mentioned in s. 22(7) of the amending Act) by 1997 c. 58, s. 22(4)

F6 Words in s. 219(4A) repealed (10.7.2003) (with effect in accordance with Sch. 43 Pt. 3(6) Note of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2003 (c. 14), Sch. 43 Pt. 3(6)

F7 S. 219(5) repealed (6.4.2005) by Income Tax (Trading and Other Income) Act 2005 (c. 5), s. 883(1), Sch. 3 (with Sch. 2)

220 Accounting period in which certain profits or losses arise. U.K.

(1) For the purposes of section 219 above and all other purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts, the profits or losses arising to a corporate member in any accounting period directly from its membership of one or more syndicates, or from assets forming part of a [F8 premium] trust fund, shall be taken to be—

(a) if two underwriting years each fall partly within that period, the aggregate of the apportioned parts of those profits or losses in those years; and

(b) if a single underwriting year falls wholly or partly within that period, those profits or losses or (as the case may be) the apportioned part of those profits or losses in that year.

(2) Subject to the provisions of this Chapter, for the purposes of subsection (1) above and all other purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts—

(a) the profits or losses arising to a corporate member in any underwriting year directly from its membership of one or more syndicates shall be taken to be those of any previous year or years which are declared in that year; and

[F9 (b) the profits or losses arising to a corporate member from assets forming part of a premium trust fund which shall be taken to be profits or losses of any underwriting year are—

(i) those allocated under the rules or practice of Lloyd’s to any previous year or years the profits or losses of which are declared in that year, and

(ii) those arising in that year and not so allocated to any previous year or years.]

(3) In this section “apportioned part”, in relation to the profits or losses of an underwriting year, means a part apportioned under section 72 of the Taxes Act 1988.

Textual Amendments

F8 Words in s. 220(1)(2)(b) substituted (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3629, art. 87(b)

F9 S. 220(2)(b) substituted (1.7.2007 with effect in accordance with reg. 1(2) of the amending S.I.) by The Finance Act 1994, Section 220 (Amendment) Regulations 2007 (S.I. 2007/1616), regs. 1(1), 2

F10 221 Assessment and collection of tax. U.K.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F10 S. 221 repealed (20.7.2005 for specified purposes, 1.1.2006 in so far as not already in force) by Finance (No. 2) Act 2005 (c. 22), s. 45(4)(8)(9), Sch. 11 Pt. 2(11); S.I. 2005/3337, art. 2

Trust funds U.K.

222 [F11 Premium] trust funds. U.K.

(1) For the purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts—

(a) a corporate member shall be treated as absolutely entitled as against the trustees to the assets forming part of a [F11 premium] trust fund belonging to it; and

(b) where a deposit required by a regulatory authority in a country or territory outside the United Kingdom is paid out of such a fund, the money so paid shall be treated as still forming part of that fund.

(2) Where an asset forms part of a corporate member’s [F11 premium] trust fund at the beginning of any underwriting year, for the purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts—

(a) the trustees of the fund shall be treated as acquiring it on that day, and

(b) they shall be treated as paying in respect of the acquisition an amount equal to the value of the asset at the time of the acquisition.

(3) Where an asset forms part of a corporate member’s [F11 premium] trust fund at the end of any underwriting year, for the purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts—

(a) the trustees of the fund shall be treated as disposing of it on that day, and

(b) they shall be treated as obtaining in respect of the disposal an amount equal to the value of the asset at the time of the disposal.

F12 (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F12 (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F13 (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F13 (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F11 Words in s. 222(1)(a)(2)(3) and sidenote substituted (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3629, art. 87(c)

F12 S. 222(4)(5) repealed (19.3.1997 with effect as mentioned in Sch. 10 para. 7(1), Sch. 18 Pt. VI(10), Note 1 of the repealing Act) by 1997 c. 16, s. 113, Sch. 18 Pt. VI(10); S.I. 1997/991, art. 2

F13 S. 222(06)(07) repealed (29.4.1996 with effect as mentioned in s. 154(9) of the repealing Act) by 1996 c. 8, s. 205, Sch. 41 Pt. V(18), Note

223 Ancillary trust funds. U.K.

A corporate member shall be treated for the purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts as absolutely entitled as against the trustees to the assets forming part of an ancillary trust fund belonging to it.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C3 S. 223 applied (with modifications) (1.12.1997) by S.I. 1997/2681, reg. 5(1)

Other special cases U.K.

F14 224 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.K.

Textual Amendments

F14 S. 224 repealed (28.7.2000 with effect as mentioned in s. 107(12)(c) of the repealing Act) by 2000 c. 17, ss. 107(11), 156, Sch. 40 Pt. II(9)

225 Stop-loss and quota share insurance. U.K.

(1) In computing for the purposes of corporation tax the profits of a corporate member’s underwriting business, each of the following shall be deductible as an expense, namely—

(a) any premium payable by it under a stop-loss insurance, and any repayment of insurance money paid to it under such an insurance; and

[F15 b) where an amount is payable by it under a quota share contract—

(i) so much of that amount as exceeds the amount of transferred losses that are declared on or before the date the contract takes effect (“the declared amount”), or

(ii) if the contract does not take effect, the amount so payable under the contract.]

(2) Subject to subsection (3) below, the following provisions apply where any insurance money is payable to a corporate member under a stop-loss insurance in respect of a loss in its underwriting business—

(a) if the underwriting year in which the loss is declared falls within two or more accounting periods, the apportioned part of the insurance money shall be treated as a trading receipt in computing the profits arising from the business for each of those periods; and

(b) if the underwriting year in which the loss is declared falls within a single accounting period, the insurance money shall be treated as a trading receipt in computing the profits arising from the business for that period.

(3) Where, as respects the payment of any such insurance money as is mentioned in subsection (2) above—

(a) the inspector is not notified of the payment at least 30 days before the time after which any assessment or further assessment of profits for any of the accounting periods or (as the case may be) the accounting period is precluded by section 34 of the Management Act (ordinary time limit), and

(b) the inspector is not entitled, after that time, to make any such assessment or further assessment by virtue of section 36 (fraudulent or negligent conduct) of that Act,

that subsection shall have effect in relation to the apportioned part of that insurance money or (as the case may be) that insurance money as if, instead of that accounting period, it referred to the accounting period in which the payment is made.

[F16 (3A) Where the amount payable by a corporate member under a quota share contract is less than the declared amount—

(a) if the underwriting year in which the contract takes effect falls within a single accounting period, the difference between the two amounts (“the surplus”) shall be treated as a trading receipt in computing the profits arising from the member’s underwriting business for that period, and

(b) if that underwriting year falls within two or more accounting periods, the apportioned part of the surplus shall be treated as a trading receipt in computing the profits arising from the member’s underwriting business for each of those periods.

(3B) Where a corporate member has entered a quota share contract, any amount paid by it to cover a cash call in respect of transferred losses that are not declared at the time the contract takes effect shall be treated, for the purposes of subsections (1)(b)(i) and (3A) above, as an amount payable under the contract at that time.]

[F17 (4) In this section—

• “apportioned part”, in relation to any insurance money or other amount, means a part apportioned under section 72 of the Taxes Act 1988;

• “cash call” means a request for funds which, in pursuance of a contract made in accordance with the rules and practices of Lloyd’s, is made to a corporate member by the agent of a syndicate of which it is a member;

• “quota share contract” means any contract between a corporate member and another person which—

  (a)

  is made in accordance with the rules or practice of Lloyd’s; and

  (b)

  provides for that other person to take over any rights and liabilities of the member under any of the syndicates of which it is a member;

  and where the taking over of a member’s rights and liabilities is conditional upon the occurrence of any event, the contract does not take effect until that event occurs; and

• “transferred loss”, in relation to such a contract, means a loss for which that other person takes over liability under the contract (disregarding, in the case of a loss that has been declared at the time it is taken over, any part of it in respect of which the member has paid a cash call before that time).]

Textual Amendments

F15 S. 225(1)(b) substituted (with effect as mentioned in s. 86(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2002 (c. 23), s. 82(1), Sch. 32 para. 7

F16 S. 225(3A)(3B) inserted (with effect as mentioned in s. 86(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2002 (c. 23), s. 82(1), Sch. 32 para. 8

F17 S. 225(4) substituted (with effect as mentioned in s. 86(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2002 (c. 23), s. 82(1), Sch. 32 para. 9

Miscellaneous U.K.

226 Provisions which are not to apply. U.K.

(1) F18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(2) F19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F20 (3) No relevant contract (within the meaning of Schedule 26 to the Finance Act 2002) forming part of a premium trust fund of a corporate member shall be a derivative contract.]

Textual Amendments

F18 S. 226(1) repealed (with effect as mentioned in s. 80(2) and Sch. 24 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2002 (c. 23), ss. 80, 141, Sch. 24 para. 7(2), Sch. 40 Pt. 3(11)

F19 S. 226(2) repealed (with effect as mentioned in s. 79(3) and Sch. 23 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2002 (c. 23), s. 141, Sch. 40 Pt. 3(10)

F20 S. 226(3) substituted (with effect as mentioned in s. 83(3)(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2002 (c. 23), s. 83, Sch. 27 para. 16

227 Cessation: final underwriting year. U.K.

(1) This section applies where a corporate member ceases to carry on its underwriting business, whether by reason of being wound up or otherwise.

(2) Subject to the provisions of any regulations made by the Board—

(a) the member’s final underwriting year shall be that in which its deposit at Lloyd’s is paid over to it or its liquidator, and

(b) the member’s underwriting business shall be treated as continuing until the end of that year.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C4 S. 227 excluded (1.12.1997) by S.I. 1997/2681, reg. 4(2)

[F21 227A Restriction of group relief U.K.

(1) Losses of the last active underwriting year of a corporate member are not eligible for surrender by the corporate member as group relief to another company unless the group-relief continuity condition is satisfied.

(2) In this section “last active underwriting year”, in relation to a corporate member, means—

(a) if the corporate member writes insurance business in only one underwriting year, that underwriting year, and

(b) otherwise, the last underwriting year in which the corporate member writes insurance business.

(3) Where in an underwriting year—

(a) the corporate member writes an amount of insurance business which is insignificant when compared with that written by it in the preceding underwriting year, or

(b) the only insurance business written by the corporate member consists of the acceptance of reinsurance to close premiums,

the underwriting year is not to be regarded for the purposes of subsection (2)(b) above as an underwriting year in which the corporate member writes insurance business.

(4) In subsection (3)(b) above “reinsurance to close premium” means a premium or other consideration under a contract in pursuance of which, in accordance with the rules or practice of Lloyd's, one underwriting member agrees with another to meet liabilities arising from the latter's underwriting business in an underwriting year so that the accounts of the business for that year may be closed.

(5) The group-relief continuity condition is satisfied if the corporate member (as the surrendering company) and the other company (as the claimant company) meet the conditions in section 402(2) or (3) of the Taxes Act 1988 throughout the period—

(a) beginning with the last day of the last active underwriting year of the corporate member, and

(b) ending with the first day of the first underwriting year in which losses of the last active underwriting year are declared.]

Textual Amendments

F21 S. 227A inserted (19.7.2007 with effect in accordance with s. 33(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2007 (c. 11), s. 33(1)

[F22 227B Transfer of underwriting business without change of ownership U.K.

(1) This section applies where, in accordance with the rules or practice of Lloyd's, a corporate member (“the successor”) has taken up the syndicate capacity of another corporate member (“the predecessor”).

(2) Section 343 of the Taxes Act 1988 (company reconstructions without a change of ownership) applies as if—

(a) the trade mentioned in that section were the underwriting business of the predecessor,

(b) the predecessor ceases to carry it on, and the successor begins to carry it on, at the end of the first underwriting year in which profits or losses of the predecessor's last active underwriting year are declared, and

(c) subsections (8) to (10) and (12) were omitted.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (1) above the successor has taken up the predecessor's syndicate capacity if it has taken up the rights to participate in syndicates which were (or otherwise would be) offered to the predecessor.

(4) In subsection (2)(b) above “last active underwriting year” has the same meaning as in section 227A above (see subsections (2) to (4) of that section).]

Textual Amendments

F22 S. 227B inserted (19.7.2007 with effect in accordance with s. 43(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2007 (c. 11), s. 43(1)

228 Lloyd’s underwriters: individuals. U.K.

(1) Chapter III of Part II of the 1993 Act (Lloyd’s underwriters: individuals) shall have effect subject to the amendments specified in Schedule 21 to this Act.

(2) The following provisions shall cease to have effect, namely—

(a) section 627 of the Taxes Act 1988 (elections by Lloyd’s underwriters with respect to retirement annuities);

(b) in section 641 of that Act, subsection (2) (elections by Lloyd’s underwriters with respect to carry-back of contributions); and

(c) in section 183 of the 1993 Act, subsection (3) (amendments of sections 627(5) and 641(2) of the Taxes Act 1988).

(3) Subject to any provision to the contrary, the provisions of Schedule 21 to this Act have effect for the year 1994-95 and subsequent years of assessment.

(4) Subsection (2) above has effect for the year 1997-98 and subsequent years of assessment.

Supplemental U.K.

229 Regulations. U.K.

[F23 (1)] The Board may by regulations provide—

(a) for the assessment and collection of tax charged in accordance with section 219 above F24 ...;

(b) for making, in the event of any changes in the rules or practice of Lloyd’s, such amendments of this Chapter as appear to the Board to be expedient having regard to those changes;

(c) for modifying the application of this Chapter in cases where a syndicate continues after the end of its closing year or a corporate member becomes insolvent or otherwise ceases to carry on its underwriting business;

[F25 (ca) for modifying the application of this Chapter in relation to cases where assets forming part of a [F26 premium] trust fund are the subject of—

F27 (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) any such arrangements or agreements as are mentioned in section 737E(2) and (8) of the Taxes Act 1988 (sale and repurchase of securities etc.);]

(d) for giving credit for foreign tax.

[F28 (2) Any power to make regulations conferred by this section includes power to make—

(a) different provision for different cases or different purposes, and

(b) incidental, supplemental or transitional provision and savings.]

Textual Amendments

F23 S. 229(1): s. 229 renumbered as s. 229(1) (20.7.2005 for specified purposes, 1.1.2006 in so far as not already in force) by Finance (No. 2) Act 2005 (c. 22), s. 45(5)(8)(9); S.I. 2005/3337, art. 2

F24 Words in s. 229(1)(a) repealed (20.7.2005 for specified purposes, 1.1.2006 in so far as not already in force) by Finance (No. 2) Act 2005 (c. 22), s. 45(6)(8)(9), Sch. 11 Pt. 2(11); S.I. 2005/3337, art. 2

F25 S. 229(ca) inserted (1.5.1995) by 1995 c. 4, s. 83(2)

F26 Word in s. 229(ca) substituted (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3629, art. 87(e)

F27 S. 229(ca)(i) repealed (19.3.1997 with effect as mentioned in Sch. 10 para. 7(1), Sch. 18 Pt. VI(10), Note 1 of the repealing Act) by 1997 c. 16, s. 113, Sch. 18 Pt. VI(10); S.I. 1997/991, art. 2

F28 S. 229(2) inserted (20.7.2005 for specified purposes, 1.1.2006 in so far as not already in force) by Finance (No. 2) Act 2005 (c. 22), s. 45(7)(8)(9); S.I. 2005/3337, art. 2

230 Interpretation and commencement. U.K.

(1) In this Chapter, unless the context otherwise requires—

• “the 1993 Act” means the M1 Finance Act 1993;

• “ancillary trust fund”, in relation to a corporate member, does not include a [F29 premium] trust fund but, subject to that, means any trust fund required or authorised by the rules of Lloyd’s, or required by a members’ agent or regulating trustee of the corporate member;

• “closing year”—

  (a)

  in relation to an underwriting year, means the underwriting year next but one following that year; and

  (b)

  in relation to a syndicate, means the closing year of the underwriting year for which it was formed;

• “corporate member” means a body corporate which is a member of Lloyd’s and is or has been an underwriting member;

• “inspector” includes any officer of the Board;

• “the Management Act” means the M2 Taxes Management Act 1970;

• “managing agent”, in relation to a syndicate and an underwriting year, means—

  (a)

  the person registered as a managing agent at Lloyd’s who was acting as such an agent for the syndicate at the end of that year, or

  (b)

  such other person as may be determined in accordance with regulations made by the Board;

• “member” means a member of Lloyd’s who is or has been an underwriting member;

• “members’ agent”, in relation to a corporate member, means a person registered as a members’ agent at Lloyd’s who has been appointed by the corporate member to act as its members’ agent in respect of all or any part of its underwriting business;

• [F30 “premium trust fund” means a trust fund into which premiums receivable by members are paid in compliance with a trust deed under [F31 Rule 8.2.19 of the Insurance Prudential Sourcebook] made by the Financial Services Authority under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000;]

• “prescribed” means prescribed by regulations made by the Board;

• “profits” includes gains;

• “regulating trustee”, in relation to a corporate member, means a person designated as such by the terms of any trust deed by which a premiums trust fund of the corporate member is constituted;

• “stop-loss insurance” means any insurance taken out by a corporate member against losses in its underwriting business [F32 , except insurance taken out by entering a quota share contract (within the meaning of section 225 above)];

• “syndicate” means a syndicate of underwriting members of Lloyd’s formed for an underwriting year;

• “underwriting business”, in relation to a corporate member, means its underwriting business as a member of Lloyd’s;

• “underwriting year” means the calendar year.

(2) For the purposes of this Chapter, unless the contrary intention appears—

(a) the profits or losses of a corporate member’s underwriting business include profits or losses arising to it—

(i) from assets forming part of a [F33 premium] trust fund or an ancillary trust fund; or

(ii) from assets employed by it in, or in connection with, its underwriting business; and

(b) any charge made on a corporate member by the managing agent of a syndicate of which it is a member, and any expense incurred on its behalf by the managing agent of such a syndicate, shall be treated as expenses arising directly from its membership of that syndicate.

(3) Subject to any provision to the contrary, the provisions of this Chapter have effect for accounting periods ending on or after 1st January 1994 or, as the case may require, for the underwriting year 1994 and subsequent underwriting years.

Textual Amendments

F29 S. 230(1): Word in the definition of “ancillary trust fund” substituted (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3629, art. 87(f)

F30 S. 230(1): Definition of “premium trust fund” substituted (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3629, art. 85

F31 Words in s. 230 substituted (31.12.2006) by The Lloyds Sourcebook (Finance Act 1993 and Finance Act 1994) (Amendment) Order 2006 (S.I. 2006/3273), arts. 1, 3

F32 Words in s. 230(1) inserted (with effect as mentioned in s. 86(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2002 (c. 23), s. 86, Sch. 32 para. 10

F33 Word in s. 230(2)(a)(i) substituted (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3629, art. 87(f)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C5 S. 230 applied (1.5.1995) by 1995 c. 4, s. 127(16)(b)

S. 230 applied (29.4.1996 with effect as mentioned in s. 105 of the amending Act) by 1996 c. 8, s. 99, Sch. 11 para. 7(2) (with Pt. IV Chapter II (ss. 80-105))

Marginal Citations

M1 1993 c.34.

M2 1970 c.9.