18(1)Where—U.K.
(a)for the purpose of evading tax, a registrable person does any act or omits to take any action, and
(b)his conduct involves dishonesty (whether or not it is such as to give rise to criminal liability),
he is liable to a penalty equal to the amount of tax evaded, or (as the case may be) sought to be evaded, by his conduct; but this is subject to sub-paragraph (7) below.
(2)The reference in sub-paragraph (1)(a) above to evading tax includes a reference to obtaining a payment under regulations under section 51(2)(c) or (d) or (f) of this Act in circumstances where the person concerned is not entitled to the sum.
(3)The reference in sub-paragraph (1) above to the amount of tax evaded or sought to be evaded is a reference to the aggregate of—
(a)the amount (if any) falsely claimed by way of credit, and
(b)the amount (if any) by which the gross amount of tax was falsely understated.
(4)In this paragraph—
(a)“credit” means credit for which provision is made by regulations under section 51 of this Act;
(b)“the gross amount of tax” means the total amount of tax due before taking into account any deduction for which provision is made by regulations under section 51(2) of this Act.
(5)Statements made or documents produced by or on behalf of a person shall not be inadmissible in any such proceedings as are mentioned in sub-paragraph (6) below by reason only that it has been drawn to his attention—
(a)that, in relation to tax, the Commissioners may assess an amount due by way of a civil penalty instead of instituting criminal proceedings and, though no undertaking can be given as to whether the Commissioners will make such an assessment in the case of any person, it is their practice to be influenced by the fact that a person has made a full confession of any dishonest conduct to which he has been a party and has given full facilities for investigation, and
(b)that the Commissioners or, on appeal, an appeal tribunal have power under paragraph 25 below to reduce a penalty under this paragraph,
and that he was or may have been induced thereby to make the statements or produce the documents.
(6)The proceedings referred to in sub-paragraph (5) above are—
(a)any criminal proceedings against the person concerned in respect of any offence in connection with or in relation to tax, and
(b)any proceedings against him for the recovery of any sum due from him in connection with or in relation to tax.
(7)Where, by reason of conduct falling within sub-paragraph (1) above, a person is convicted of an offence (whether under this Part of this Act or otherwise) that conduct shall not also give rise to liability to a penalty under this paragraph.