Regulations may make provision for or in connection with making the registered keeper of a motor vehicle, or such other person as may be prescribed, liable to pay any charges imposed in respect of the vehicle under or by virtue of a charging scheme.

Regulations may make provision for or in connection with making it a defence for the registered keeper of a motor vehicle to show that at the time of an event giving rise to the imposition of charges another person was driving the vehicle without the registered keeper’s consent.

Regulations may make provision for sums payable under or by virtue of a charging scheme to be recoverable as a civil debt.

Any reference in this paragraph to charges includes a reference to penalty charges.