Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C1 S. 45H(2) modified (with effect in accordance with s. 167 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2003 (c. 14) , Sch. 30 para. 7
Textual Amendments
F1Pt. 3A inserted (11.4.2007 with effect in accordance with s. 92 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2005 (c. 7), Sch. 6 para. 1; S.I. 2007/949, art. 2
(1)Allowances are available under this Part if a person incurs qualifying expenditure in respect of a qualifying building.
(2)Allowances under this Part are made to the person who—
(a)incurred the expenditure, and
(b)has the relevant interest in the qualifying building.
[F2(1)In this Part “qualifying expenditure” means capital expenditure incurred before the expiry date—
(a)in respect of which Conditions A and B are met, and
(b)which is not excluded by subsection (3), (3B) or (3D).]
(2) In subsection (1) “ the expiry date ” means—
(a)the fifth anniversary of the day appointed under section 92 of [F3FA] 2005, or
(b)such later date as the Treasury may prescribe by regulations.
[F4(2A)Condition A is that the expenditure is incurred on—
(a)the conversion of a qualifying building into qualifying business premises,
(b)the renovation of a qualifying building if it is or will be qualifying business premises, or
(c)repairs to a qualifying building or, where the building is part of a building, to the building of which the qualifying building forms part, to the extent that the repairs are incidental to expenditure within paragraph (a) or (b).
(2B)Condition B is that the expenditure is incurred on—
(a)building works,
(b)architectural or design services,
(c)surveying or engineering services,
(d)planning applications, or
(e)statutory fees or statutory permissions.
(2C)But Condition B is treated as met in respect of expenditure incurred on matters not mentioned in that Condition to the extent that that expenditure (in total) does not exceed 5% of the qualifying expenditure incurred on the matters mentioned in subsection (2B)(a) to (c).]
(3)Expenditure is [F5excluded] if it is incurred on or in connection with—
(a)the acquisition of land or rights in or over land,
(b)the extension of a qualifying building (except to the extent required for the purpose of providing a means of getting to or from qualifying business premises),
(c)the development of land adjoining or adjacent to a qualifying building, or
(d)the provision of plant and machinery, other than plant or machinery which is or becomes a fixture [F6(as defined by section 173(1)) and falls within subsection (3A)] .
[F7(3A)The fixtures which fall within this subsection are—
(a)integral features within the meaning of section 33A (taking account of section 33A(6) and any provision for the time being made under section 33A(7)) or part of such a feature;
(b)automatic control systems for opening and closing doors, windows and vents;
(c)window cleaning installations;
(d)fitted cupboards and blinds;
(e)protective installations such as lightning protection, sprinkler and other equipment for containing or fighting fires, fire alarm systems and fire escapes;
(f)building management systems;
(g)cabling in connection with telephone, audio-visual data installations and computer networking facilities, which are incidental to the occupation of the building;
(h)sanitary appliances, and bathroom fittings which are hand driers, counters, partitions, mirrors or shower facilities;
(i)kitchen and catering facilities for producing and storing food and drink for the occupants of the building;
(j)signs;
(k)public address systems;
(l)intruder alarm systems.
(3B)Expenditure is excluded if, and to the extent that, it exceeds the market value amount for the works, services or other matters to which it relates.
(3C)“The market value amount” means the amount of expenditure which it would have been normal and reasonable to incur on the works, services or other matters—
(a)in the market conditions prevailing when the expenditure was incurred, and
(b)assuming the transaction as a result of which the expenditure was incurred was between persons dealing with each other at arm's length in the open market.
(3D)Expenditure is excluded if the qualifying building was used at any time during the period of 12 months ending with the day on which the expenditure is incurred.]
(4)For the purposes of this section, expenditure incurred on repairs to a building is to be treated as capital expenditure if it is not expenditure that would be allowed to be deducted in calculating the profits of a property business, or of a trade, profession or vocation, for tax purposes.
(5)The Treasury may by regulations [F8—
(a)amend this section so as to add a description of fixture to the list in subsection (3A), or vary or remove a description of fixture in that list;
(b)make further provision as to expenditure which is, or is not, qualifying expenditure.]
Textual Amendments
F2S. 360B(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 66(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2014 (c. 26), s. 66(2)
F3Word in s. 360B(2)(a) substituted (21.7.2009) by Finance Act 2009 (c. 10), s. 126(5)(a)
F4Ss. 360B(2A)-(2C) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 66(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2014 (c. 26), s. 66(3)
F5Word in s. 360B(3) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 66(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2014 (c. 26), s. 66(4)(a)
F6Words in s. 360B(3)(d) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 66(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2014 (c. 26), s. 66(4)(b)
F7Ss. 360B(3A)-(3D) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 66(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2014 (c. 26), s. 66(5)
F8Words in s. 360B(5) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 66(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2014 (c. 26), s. 66(6)
(1)This section applies where—
(a)(ignoring this section) qualifying expenditure is incurred on works, services or other matters in a chargeable period, and
(b)those works, services or other matters are not completed or provided before the end of the period of 36 months beginning with the date the expenditure was incurred.
(2)To the extent that it relates to so much of those works, services or other matters as are not completed or provided before the end of that period, the expenditure is to be treated for the purposes of this Part as never having been incurred (unless and until subsection (6) applies).
(3)All such assessments and adjustments of assessments are to be made as are necessary to give effect to subsection (2).
(4)If a person who has made a tax return becomes aware that, after making it, anything in it has become incorrect because of the operation of this section, the person must give notice to an officer of Revenue and Customs specifying how the return needs to be amended.
(5)The notice must be given within 3 months beginning with the day on which the person first became aware that anything in the return had become incorrect because of the operation of this section.
(6)If, at any time after the end of the period mentioned in subsection (1)(b), those works, services or other matters are completed or provided, the expenditure to which subsection (2) applies is to be treated for the purposes of this Part as incurred at that time.]
Textual Amendments
F9S. 360BA inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 66(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2014 (c. 26), s. 66(7)
(1) In this Part “ qualifying building ”, in relation to any conversion or renovation work, means any building or structure, or part of a building or structure, which—
(a)is situated in an area which, on the date on which the conversion or renovation work began, was a disadvantaged area,
(b)was unused throughout the period of one year ending immediately before that date,
(c)on that date, had last been used—
(i)for the purposes of a trade, profession or vocation, or
(ii)as an office or offices (whether or not for the purposes of a trade, profession or vocation),
(d)on that date, had not last been used as, or as part of, a dwelling, and
(e)in the case of part of a building or structure, on that date had not last been occupied and used in common with any other part of the building or structure other than a part—
(i)as respects which the condition in paragraph (b) is met, or
(ii)which had last been used as a dwelling.
(2) In this section “ disadvantaged area ” means—
(a)an area designated as a disadvantaged area for the purposes of this section by regulations made by the Treasury, F10...
F10(b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(3)Regulations under subsection (2)(a) may—
(a)designate specified areas as disadvantaged areas, or
(b)provide for areas of a description specified in the regulations to be designated as disadvantaged areas.
(4)If regulations under subsection (2)(a) so provide, the designation of an area as a disadvantaged area shall have effect for such period as may be specified in or determined in accordance with the regulations.
(5)Regulations under subsection (2)(a) may—
(a)make different provision for different cases, and
(b)contain such incidental, supplementary, consequential or transitional provision as appears to the Treasury to be necessary or expedient.
(6)Where a building or structure (or part of a building or structure) which would otherwise be a qualifying building is on the date mentioned in subsection (1)(a) situated partly in a disadvantaged area and partly outside it, only so much of the expenditure incurred in accordance with section 360B as, on a just and reasonable apportionment, is attributable to the part of the building or structure located in the disadvantaged area is to be treated as qualifying expenditure.
(7)The Treasury may by regulations make further provision as to the circumstances in which a building or structure or part of a building or structure is, or is not, a qualifying building.
Textual Amendments
F10S. 360C(2)(b) and word omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 39 para. 10(4) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2012 (c. 14), Sch. 39 para. 8(2)(a) (with Sch. 39 paras. 11-13)
(1) In this Part “ qualifying business premises ” means any premises in respect of which the following requirements are met—
(a)the premises must be a qualifying building,
(b)the premises must be used, or available and suitable for letting for use,—
(i)for the purposes of a trade, profession or vocation, or
(ii)as an office or offices (whether or not for the purposes of a trade, profession or vocation),
(c)the premises must not be used, or available for use as, or as part of, a dwelling.
(2) In this section “ premises ” means any building or structure or part of a building or structure.
(3)For the purposes of this Part, if premises are qualifying business premises immediately before a period when they are temporarily unsuitable for use for the purposes mentioned in subsection (1)(b), they are to be treated as being qualifying business premises during that period.
(4)The Treasury may by regulations make further provision as to the circumstances in which premises are, or are not, qualifying business premises.
(1)The relevant interest in a qualifying building in relation to any qualifying expenditure is the interest in the qualifying building to which the person who incurred the qualifying expenditure was entitled when it was incurred.
(2)Subsection (1) is subject to the following provisions of this Chapter and to section 360Z3 (provisions applying on termination of lease).
(3)If—
(a)the person who incurred the qualifying expenditure was entitled to more than one interest in the qualifying building when the expenditure was incurred, and
(b)one of those interests was reversionary on all the others,
the reversionary interest is the relevant interest in the qualifying building.
(4)An interest does not cease to be the relevant interest merely because of the creation of a lease or other interest to which that interest is subject.
(5)If—
(a)the relevant interest is a leasehold interest, and
(b)that interest is extinguished on the person entitled to it acquiring the interest which is reversionary on it,
the interest into which the leasehold interest merges becomes the relevant interest when the leasehold interest is extinguished.
For the purposes of determining the relevant interest in a qualifying building, a person who—
(a)incurs expenditure on the conversion of a qualifying building into qualifying business premises, and
(b)is entitled to an interest in the qualifying building on or as a result of the completion of the conversion,
is treated as having had that interest when the expenditure was incurred.
(1)A person who has incurred qualifying expenditure in respect of any qualifying building is entitled to an initial allowance in respect of the expenditure.
(2)The amount of the initial allowance is 100% of the qualifying expenditure.
(3)A person claiming an initial allowance under this section may require the allowance to be reduced to a specified amount.
(4)The initial allowance is made for the chargeable period in which the qualifying expenditure is incurred.
(1)No initial allowance is to be made under section 360G if, at the relevant time, the qualifying building does not constitute qualifying business premises.
(2)An initial allowance which has been made in respect of a qualifying building which is to be qualifying business premises is to be withdrawn if—
(a)the qualifying building does not constitute qualifying business premises at the relevant time, or
(b)the person to whom the allowance was made has sold the relevant interest in the qualifying building before the relevant time.
(3)All such assessments and adjustments of assessments are to be made as are necessary to give effect to this section.
(4) In this section “ the relevant time ” means the time when the premises are first used by the person with the relevant interest or, if they are not so used, the time when they are first suitable for letting for either of the purposes mentioned in section 360D(1)(b).
(1)A person is entitled to a writing-down allowance for a chargeable period if he has incurred qualifying expenditure in respect of a qualifying building and, at the end of the chargeable period—
(a)the person is entitled to the relevant interest in the qualifying building,
(b)the person has not granted a long lease of the qualifying building out of the relevant interest in consideration of the payment of a capital sum, and
(c)the qualifying building constitutes qualifying business premises.
(2) In subsection (1)(b) “ long lease ” means a lease the duration of which exceeds 50 years.
(3)Whether the duration of a lease exceeds 50 years is to be determined—
(a) in accordance with section 303 of ITTOIA 2005, and
(b)without regard to section 360Z3(3) of this Act (new lease granted as a result of the exercise of an option treated as continuation of old lease).
(4)A person claiming a writing-down allowance may require the allowance to be reduced to a specified amount.
(1)The writing-down allowance for a chargeable period is 25% of the qualifying expenditure.
(2)The allowance is proportionately increased or reduced if the chargeable period is more or less than a year.
(3)The amount of the writing-down allowance for a chargeable period is limited to the residue of qualifying expenditure.
(4)For this purpose the residue is ascertained immediately before writing off the writing-down allowance at the end of the chargeable period.
The residue of qualifying expenditure is the qualifying expenditure that has not yet been written off in accordance with Chapter 9.
(1)No initial allowance or writing-down allowance under this Part is to be made in respect of qualifying expenditure in respect of a qualifying building if a relevant grant or relevant payment is made towards—
(a)that expenditure, or
(b)any other expenditure which is incurred by any person in respect of the same building, and on the same single investment project as that expenditure.
(2)An initial allowance or writing-down allowance made in respect of qualifying expenditure is to be withdrawn if—
(a)after it is made, a relevant grant or relevant payment is made towards that expenditure, or
(b)within the period of 3 years beginning when that expenditure was incurred, a relevant grant or relevant payment is made towards any other expenditure which is incurred by any person in respect of the same building, and on the same single investment project, as that expenditure.
(3)All such assessments and adjustments of assessments are to be made as are necessary to give effect to subsection (2).
(4)If a person who has made a return becomes aware that, after making it, anything in it has become incorrect because of the operation of this section, that person must give notice to an officer of Revenue and Customs specifying how the return needs to be amended.
(5)The notice must be given within 3 months beginning with the day on which the person first became aware that anything in the return had become incorrect because of the operation of this section.
(6)In this section—
“General Block Exemption Regulation” means Commission Regulation (EU) No 651/2014 (General block exemption Regulation);
“relevant grant or relevant payment” means a grant or payment which is—
a State aid, other than an allowance under this Part, or
a grant or subsidy, other than a State aid, which the Treasury by order declares to be relevant for the purposes of the withholding of allowances under this Part;
“single investment project” has the same meaning as in the General Block Exemption Regulation.
(7)Nothing in this section limits references to “State aid” to State aid which is required to be notified to and approved by the European Commission.
(8)The Treasury may by order amend this section to make provision consequential upon the General Block Exemption Regulation being replaced by another instrument.]
Textual Amendments
F11S. 360L substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 66(10)-(13) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2014 (c. 26), s. 66(8)
(1)A balancing adjustment is made if—
(a)qualifying expenditure has been incurred in respect of a qualifying building, and
(b)a balancing event occurs.
(2)A balancing adjustment is either a balancing allowance or a balancing charge and is made for the chargeable period in which the balancing event occurs.
(3)A balancing allowance or balancing charge is made to or on the person who incurred the qualifying expenditure.
(4)No balancing adjustment is made if the balancing event occurs more than [F125 ]years after the time when the premises were first used, or suitable for letting, for either of the purposes mentioned in section 360D(1)(b).
(5)If more than one balancing event within section 360N occurs, a balancing adjustment is made only on the first of them.
Textual Amendments
F12S. 360M(4) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 66(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2014 (c. 26), s. 66(9)
(1)The following are balancing events for the purposes of this Part—
(a)the relevant interest in the qualifying building is sold;
(b)a long lease of the qualifying building is granted out of the relevant interest in consideration of the payment of a capital sum;
(c)if the relevant interest is a lease, the lease ends otherwise than on the person entitled to it acquiring the interest reversionary on it;
(d)the person who incurred the qualifying expenditure dies;
(e)the qualifying building is demolished or destroyed;
(f)the qualifying building ceases to be qualifying business premises (without being demolished or destroyed).
(2)Section 360I(2) and (3) (meaning of “long lease”) applies for the purposes of subsection (1)(b).
(1)References in this Part to the proceeds from a balancing event are to the amounts received or receivable in connection with the event, as shown in the Table—
| 1 Balancing Event | 2 Proceeds from event |
|---|---|
| 1 The sale of the relevant interest. | The net proceeds of the sale. |
| 2 The grant of a long lease out of the relevant interest. | If the capital sum paid in consideration of the grant is less than the commercial premium, the commercial premium. In any other case, the capital sum paid in consideration of the grant. |
| 3 The coming to an end of a lease, where a person entitled to the lease and a person entitled to any superior interest are connected persons. | The market value of the relevant interest in the qualifying building at the time of the event. |
| 4 The death of the person who incurred the qualifying expenditure. | The residue of qualifying expenditure immediately before the death. |
| 5 The demolition or destruction of the qualifying building. | The net amount received for the remains of the qualifying building, together with (a) any insurance money received in respect of the demolition or destruction, and (b) any other compensation of any description so received, so far as it consists of capital sums. |
| 6 The qualifying building ceases to be qualifying business premises. | The market value of the relevant interest in the qualifying building at the time of the event. |
(2)The amounts referred to in column 2 of the Table are those received or receivable by the person who incurred the qualifying expenditure.
(3) In Item 2 of the Table “ the commercial premium ” means the premium that would have been given if the transaction had been at arm's length.
(1)A balancing allowance is made if—
(a)there are no proceeds from the balancing event, or
(b)the proceeds from the balancing event are less than the residue of qualifying expenditure immediately before the event.
(2)The amount of the balancing allowance is the amount of—
(a)the residue (if there are no proceeds);
(b)the difference (if the proceeds are less than the residue).
(3)A balancing charge is made if the proceeds from the balancing event are more than the residue, if any, of qualifying expenditure immediately before the event.
(4)The amount of the balancing charge is the amount of—
(a)the difference, or
(b)the proceeds (if the residue is nil).
(5)The amount of a balancing charge made on a person must not exceed the total amount of—
(a)any initial allowances made to the person in respect of the expenditure, and
(b)any writing-down allowances made to the person in respect of the expenditure for chargeable periods ending on or before the date of the balancing event giving rise to the balancing adjustment.
For the purposes of this Part qualifying expenditure is written off to the extent and at the times specified in this Chapter.
(1)If an initial allowance is made in respect of the qualifying expenditure, the amount of the allowance is written off at the time when the qualifying business premises are first used, or suitable for letting for use, for either of the purposes mentioned in section 360D(1)(b).
(2)If a writing-down allowance is made in respect of the qualifying expenditure, the amount of the allowance is written off at the end of the chargeable period for which the allowance is made.
(3)If a balancing event occurs at the end of the chargeable period referred to in subsection (2), the amount written off under that subsection is to be taken into account in calculating the residue of qualifying expenditure immediately before the event to determine what balancing adjustment (if any) is to be made.
(1)This section applies if—
(a)a qualifying building is demolished, and
(b)the person who incurred the qualifying expenditure incurs the cost of the demolition.
(2)The net cost of the demolition is added to the residue of qualifying expenditure immediately before the demolition.
(3) “ The net cost of the demolition ” means the amount, if any, by which the cost of the demolition exceeds any money received for the remains of the qualifying building.
(4)If this section applies, neither the cost of the demolition nor the net cost of the demolition is treated for the purposes of any Part of this Act as expenditure on any other property replacing the qualifying building demolished.
For the purposes of this Chapter—
(a) “ additional VAT liability ” and “ additional VAT rebate ” have the meanings given by section 547,
(b)the time when—
(i) a person incurs an additional VAT liability, or
(ii) an additional VAT rebate is made to a person,
is given by section 548, and
(c) the chargeable period in which, and the time when, an additional VAT liability or an additional VAT rebate accrues are given by section 549.
(1)This section applies if—
(a)a person was entitled to an initial allowance under this Part in respect of qualifying expenditure on a qualifying building,
(b) that person incurs an additional VAT liability in respect of that expenditure, and
(c) the additional VAT liability is incurred at a time when the qualifying building is, or is about to be, qualifying business premises.
(2) If this section applies, the person entitled to the relevant interest is entitled to an initial allowance on the amount of the additional VAT liability.
(3) The amount of the initial allowance is 100% of the amount of the additional VAT liability.
(4)A person claiming an initial allowance under this section may require the allowance to be reduced to a specified amount.
(5) The allowance is made for the chargeable period in which the additional VAT liability accrues.
(1) This section applies if the person entitled to the relevant interest in relation to qualifying expenditure incurs an additional VAT liability in respect of that expenditure.
(2)If this section applies—
(a) the additional VAT liability is treated as qualifying expenditure, and
(b)the amount of the residue of qualifying expenditure is accordingly increased at the time when the liability accrues by the amount of the liability.
If an initial allowance is made in respect of an additional VAT liability incurred after the qualifying business premises are first used or suitable for letting for business use, the amount of the allowance is written off at the time when the liability accrues.
(1) If an additional VAT rebate is made in respect of qualifying expenditure to the person entitled to the relevant interest in relation to that qualifying expenditure—
(a)the making of the rebate is a balancing event for the purposes of this Part, but
(b)the making of balancing adjustments as a result of the event is subject to subsections (2) and (3).
(2)No balancing allowance is to be made as a result of the event.
(3)A balancing charge is not to be made as a result of the event unless—
(a) the amount of the additional VAT rebate is more than the amount of the residue of qualifying expenditure immediately before the time when the rebate accrues, or
(b)there is no such residue.
(4)The amount of the balancing charge is—
(a)the amount of the difference, or
(b)the amount of the rebate (if there is no residue).
If an additional VAT rebate is made in respect of qualifying expenditure, an amount equal to the rebate is written off at the time when the rebate accrues.
(1)An allowance or charge to which a person is entitled or liable under this Part is to be given effect in calculating the profits of that person's trade, by treating—
(a)the allowance as an expense of the trade, and
(b)the charge as a receipt of the trade.
(2)In the case of a person who—
(a)is entitled to an allowance or liable to a charge in respect of a qualifying building, and
(b)occupies that building in the course of a profession or vocation,
the references in subsection (1) to a trade are to be read as references to the profession or vocation.
(3)Subsection (1) is subject to the following provisions of this Chapter.
(1)This section applies if—
(a) a person is entitled or liable to an allowance or charge under this Part for a chargeable period (“ the relevant period ”), but
(b)his interest in the building in question is or was subject to a lease or a licence at any time in that period.
(2)If the person's interest in the building is an asset of a property business carried on by him at any time in the relevant period, the allowance or charge is to be given effect in calculating the profits of that business for the relevant period by treating—
(a)the allowance as an expense of that business, and
(b)the charge as a receipt of that business.
(3)If the person's interest in the building is not an asset of a property business carried on by him at any time in the relevant period, the allowance or charge is to be given effect by treating him as if he had been carrying on a property business in that period and as if—
(a)the allowance were an expense of that business, and
(b)the charge were a receipt of that business.
(1)If the sum paid for the sale of the relevant interest in a qualifying building is attributable—
(a)partly to assets representing expenditure for which an allowance can be made under this Part, and
(b)partly to assets representing other expenditure,
only so much of the sum as on a just and reasonable apportionment is attributable to the assets referred to in paragraph (a) is to be taken into account for the purposes of this Part.
(2)Subsection (1) applies to other proceeds from a balancing event in respect of a qualifying building as it applies to a sum given for the sale of the relevant interest in the qualifying building.
(3)Subsection (1) does not affect any other provision of this Act requiring an apportionment of the proceeds of a balancing event.
(1)This section applies for the purposes of this Part if a lease is terminated.
(2)If, with the consent of the lessor, the lessee of the qualifying building remains in possession of the qualifying building after the termination without a new lease being granted to him, the lease is treated as continuing so long as the lessee remains in possession.
(3)If on the termination a new lease is granted to a lessee as a result of the exercise of an option available to him under the terms of the first lease, the second lease is treated as a continuation of the first.
(4)If on the termination the lessor pays a sum to the lessee in respect of business premises comprised in the lease, the lease is treated as if it had come to an end by surrender in consideration of the payment.
(5)If on the termination—
(a)another lease is granted to a different lessee, and
(b)in connection with the transaction that lessee pays a sum to the person who was the lessee under the first lease,
the two leases are to be treated as if they were the same lease which had been assigned by the lessee under the first lease to the lessee under the second lease in consideration of the payment.
(1) In this Part “ lease ” includes—
(a)an agreement for a lease if the term to be covered by the lease has begun, and
(b)any tenancy,
but does not include a mortgage (and “ lessee ”, “ lessor ” and “ leasehold interest ” are to be read accordingly).
(2)In the application of this Part to Scotland—
(a) “ leasehold interest ” or “ leasehold estate ” means the interest of a tenant in property subject to a lease, and
(b)any reference to an interest which is reversionary on a leasehold interest or on a lease is to be read as a reference to the interest of the landlord in the property subject to the leasehold interest or lease.]