Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003

[F1 CHAPTER 10 U.K. [F2 Workers' services provided through intermediaries to public authorities or medium or large clients]

Textual Amendments

F1 Pt. 2 Ch. 10 inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 16 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2017 (c. 10), Sch. 1 para. 9

F2 Pt. 2 Ch. 10 heading substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 8 (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

61K Scope of this Chapter U.K.

(1) This Chapter has effect with respect to the provision of services [F3 through an intermediary in a case where the services are provided to a person who—

(a) is a public authority, or

(b) qualifies as medium or large and has a UK connection for a tax year]

(2) Nothing in this Chapter—

(a) affects the operation of Chapter 7 of this Part (agency workers), or

(b) applies to payments or transfers to which section 966(3) or (4) of ITA 2007 applies (visiting performers: duty to deduct and account for sums representing income tax).

[F4 (3) For the purposes of this Chapter a person qualifies as medium or large for a tax year if the person does not qualify as small for the tax year for the purposes of Chapter 8 of this Part (see sections 60A to 60G).

(4) Section 60I (when a person has a UK connection for a tax year) applies for the purposes of this Chapter.]

Textual Amendments

F3 Words in s. 61K(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 9(2) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

F4 S. 61K(3)(4) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 9(3) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 S. 61K(3) applied (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 27 of the amending Act) by 2004 c. 12, s. 60(3C) (as inserted by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 20 (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34))

61L Meaning of “public authority” U.K.

(1) In this Chapter “public authority” means—

(a) a public authority as defined by the Freedom of Information Act 2000,

[F5 (aa) a body specified in section 23(3) of the Freedom of Information Act 2000,]

(b) a Scottish public authority as defined by the Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002 (asp 13),

[F6 (ba) the Advanced Research and Invention Agency,]

(c) the Corporate Officer of the House of Commons,

(d) the Corporate Officer of the House of Lords,

(e) the National Assembly for Wales Commission, F7 ...

(f) the Northern Ireland Assembly Commission [F8 , or

(g) a company connected with any person mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (f).]

(2) An authority within paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (1) is a public authority for the purposes of this Chapter in relation to all its activities even if provisions of the Act mentioned in that paragraph do not apply to all information held by the authority.

(3) Subsection (1) is subject to subsection (4).

(4) A primary-healthcare provider is a public authority for the purposes of this Chapter only if the primary-healthcare provider—

(a) has a registered patient list for the purposes of relevant medical-services regulations,

(b) is within paragraph 43A in Part 3 of Schedule 1 to the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (providers of primary healthcare services in England and Wales) by reason of being a person providing primary dental services,

(c) is within paragraph 51 in that Part of that Schedule (providers of healthcare services in Northern Ireland) by reason of being a person providing general dental services, or

(d) is within paragraph 33 in Part 4 of Schedule 1 to the Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002 (providers of healthcare services in Scotland) by reason of being a person providing general dental services.

(5) In this section—

• “primary-healthcare provider” means an authority that is within subsection (1)(a) or (b) only because it is within a relevant paragraph,

• “relevant paragraph” means—

  (a)

  any of paragraphs 43A to 45A and 51 in Part 3 of Schedule 1 to the Freedom of Information Act 2000, or

  (b)

  any of paragraphs 33 to 35 in Part 4 of Schedule 1 to the Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002, and

• “relevant medical-services regulations” means any of the following—

  (a)

  the Primary Medical Services (Sale of Goodwill and Restrictions on Sub-contracting) Regulations 2004 (S.I. 2004/906),

  (b)

  the Primary Medical Services (Sale of Goodwill and Restrictions on Sub-contracting) (Wales) Regulations 2004 (S.I. 2004/1017),

  (c)

  the Primary Medical Services (Sale of Goodwill and Restrictions on Sub-contracting) (Scotland) Regulations 2004 (S.S.I. 2004/162), and

  (d)

  the Primary Medical Services (Sale of Goodwill and Restrictions on Sub-contracting) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2004 (S.R. (N.I.) 2004 No. 477).

(6) The Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs may by regulations amend this section in consequence of—

(a) any amendment or revocation of any regulations for the time being referred to in this section,

(b) any amendment in Part 3 of Schedule 1 to the Freedom of Information Act 2000, or

(c) any amendment in Part 4 of Schedule 1 to the Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002.

Textual Amendments

F5 S. 61L(1)(aa) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 10(a) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

F6 S. 61L(1)(ba) inserted (25.1.2023) by Advanced Research and Invention Agency Act 2022 (c. 4), s. 13(1), Sch. 3 para. 5; S.I. 2023/58, reg. 2

F7 Word in s. 61L(1)(e) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 10(b) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

F8 S. 61L(1)(g) and word inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 10(c) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C2 S. 61L applied (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 27 of the amending Act) by 2004 c. 12, s. 60(3C) (as inserted by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 20 (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34))

61M Engagements to which Chapter applies U.K.

(1) Sections 61N to 61R apply where—

(a) an individual (“the worker”) personally performs, or is under an obligation personally to perform, services for another person (“the client”),

F9 (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) the services are provided not under a contract directly between the client and the worker but under arrangements involving a third party (“the intermediary”), F10 ...

[F11 (ca) the client—

(i) is a public authority, or

(ii) is a person who qualifies as medium or large and has a UK connection for one or more tax years during which the arrangements mentioned in paragraph (c) have effect, and]

(d) the circumstances are such that—

(i) if the services were provided under a contract directly between the client and the worker, the worker would be regarded for income tax purposes as an employee of the client or the holder of an office under the client, or

(ii) the worker is an office-holder who holds that office under the client and the services relate to the office.

[F12 (1A) But sections 61N to 61R do not apply if—

(a) the client is an individual, and

(b) the services are provided otherwise than for the purposes of the client's trade or business.]

(2) The reference in subsection (1)(c) to a “third party” includes a partnership or unincorporated association of which the worker is a member.

(3) The circumstances referred to in subsection (1)(d) include the terms on which the services are provided, having regard to the terms of the contracts forming part of the arrangements under which the services are provided.

(4) Holding office as statutory auditor of the client does not count as holding office under the client for the purposes of subsection (1)(d), and here “statutory auditor” means a statutory auditor within the meaning of Part 42 of the Companies Act 2006 (see section 1210 of that Act).

(5) In this Chapter “engagement to which this Chapter applies” means any such provision of services as is mentioned in subsection (1).

Textual Amendments

F9 S. 61M(1)(b) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 11(2)(a) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

F10 Word in s. 61M(1)(c) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 11(2)(b) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

F11 S. 61M(1)(ca) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 11(2)(c) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

F12 S. 61M(1A) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 11(3) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

61N Worker treated as receiving earnings from employment U.K.

(1) If one of Conditions A to C is met, identify the chain of two or more persons where—

(a) the highest person in the chain is the client,

(b) the lowest person in the chain is the intermediary, and

(c) each person in the chain above the lowest makes a chain payment to the person immediately below them in the chain.

(See section 61U for cases where one of Conditions A to C is treated as being met.)

(2) In this section and sections 61O to 61S—

• “chain payment” means a payment, or money's worth or any other benefit, that can reasonably be taken to be for the worker's services to the client,

• “make”—

  (a)

  in relation to a chain payment that is money's worth, means transfer, and

  (b)

  in relation to a chain payment that is a benefit other than a payment or money's worth, means provide, and

• “the fee-payer” means the person in the chain immediately above the lowest.

(3) The fee-payer is treated as making to the worker, and the worker is treated as receiving, a payment which is to be treated as earnings from an employment (“the deemed direct payment”), but this is subject to subsections (5) to (7) [F13 and (8A)] and sections 61T [F14 , 61TA] [F15 , 61V and 61WA].

(4) The deemed direct payment is treated as made at the same time as the chain payment made by the fee-payer.

[F16 (5) Unless and until the client gives a status determination statement to the worker (see section 61NA), subsections (3) and (4) have effect as if for any reference to the fee-payer there were substituted a reference to the client; but this is subject to [F17 sections 61V and 61WA].

(5A) Subsections (6) and (7) apply, subject to sections 61T, 61TA [F18 , 61V and 61WA], if—

(a) the client has given a status determination statement to the worker,

(b) the client is not the fee-payer, and

(c) the fee-payer is not a qualifying person.]

(6) If there is no person in the chain below the highest and above the lowest who is a qualifying person, subsections (3) and (4) have effect as if for any reference to the fee-payer there were substituted a reference to the client.

(7) Otherwise, subsections (3) and (4) have effect as if for any reference to the fee-payer there were substituted a reference to the person in the chain who—

(a) is above the lowest,

(b) is a qualifying person, and

(c) is lower in the chain than any other person in the chain who—

(i) is above the lowest, and

(ii) is a qualifying person.

(8) In subsections (5) to (7) a “qualifying person” is a person who—

[F19 (za) has been given by the person immediately above them in the chain the status determination statement given by the client to the worker,]

(a) is resident in the United Kingdom or has a place of business in the United Kingdom,

(b) is not a person who is controlled by—

(i) the worker, alone or with one or more associates of the worker, or

(ii) an associate of the worker, with or without other associates of the worker, and

(c) if a company, is not one in which—

(i) the worker, alone or with one or more associates of the worker, or

(ii) an associate of the worker, with or without other associates of the worker,

has a material interest (within the meaning given by section 51(4) and (5)).

[F20 (8A) If the client is not a public authority, a person is to be treated by subsection (3) as making a deemed direct payment to the worker only if the chain payment made by the person is made in a tax year for which the client qualifies as medium or large and has a UK connection.]

(9) Condition A is that—

(a) the intermediary is a company, and

(b) the conditions in section 61O are met in relation to the intermediary.

(10) Condition B is that—

(a) the intermediary is a partnership,

(b) the worker is a member of the partnership,

(c) the provision of the services is by the worker as a member of the partnership, and

(d) the condition in section 61P is met in relation to the intermediary.

(11) Condition C is that the intermediary is an individual.

(12) Where a payment, money's worth or any other benefit can reasonably be taken to be for both—

(a) the worker's services to the client, and

(b) anything else,

then, for the purposes of this Chapter, so much of it as can, on a just and reasonable apportionment, be taken to be for the worker's services is to be treated as (and the rest is to be treated as not being) a payment, or money's worth or another benefit, that can reasonably be taken to be for the worker's services.

Textual Amendments

F13 Words in s. 61N(3) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 12(2)(a) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

F14 Word in s. 61N(3) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 12(2)(b) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

F15 Words in s. 61N(3) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), s. 21(2)(a)

F16 S. 61N(5)(5A) substituted for s. 61N(5) (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 12(3) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

F17 Words in s. 61N(5) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), s. 21(2)(b)

F18 Words in s. 61N(5A) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), s. 21(2)(c)

F19 S. 61N(8)(za) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 12(4) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

F20 S. 61N(8A) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 12(5) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

[F21 61NA Meaning of status determination statement U.K.

(1) For the purposes of section 61N “status determination statement” means a statement by the client that—

(a) states that the client has concluded that the condition in section 61M(1)(d) is met in the case of the engagement and explains the reasons for that conclusion, or

(b) states (albeit incorrectly) that the client has concluded that the condition in section 61M(1)(d) is not met in the case of the engagement and explains the reasons for that conclusion.

(2) But a statement is not a status determination statement if the client fails to take reasonable care in coming to the conclusion mentioned in it.

(3) For further provisions concerning status determination statements, see section 61T (client-led status disagreement process) and section 61TA (duty for client to withdraw status determination statement if it ceases to be medium or large).]

Textual Amendments

F21 S. 61NA inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 13 (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

61O Conditions where intermediary is a company U.K.

(1) The conditions mentioned in section 61N(9)(b) are that—

(a) the intermediary is not an associated company of the client that falls within subsection (2), and

[F22 (b) subsection (1A) or (1B) is satisfied.]

[F23 (1A) This subsection is satisfied where the worker has a material interest in the intermediary.

(1B) This subsection is satisfied where—

(a) the worker has a non-material interest in the intermediary,

(b) the worker—

(i) has received,

(ii) has rights which entitle, or which in any circumstances would entitle, the worker to receive, or

(iii) expects to receive,

a chain payment from the intermediary, and

(c) the chain payment does not, or will not, wholly constitute employment income of the worker (apart from as a result of this Chapter).]

(2) An associated company of the client falls within this subsection if it is such a company by reason of the intermediary and the client being under the control—

(a) of the worker, or

(b) of the worker and other persons.

(3) The worker is treated as having a material interest in the intermediary if—

(a) the worker, alone or with one or more associates of the worker, or

(b) an associate of the worker, with or without other associates of the worker,

has a material interest in the intermediary.

(4) For this purpose “material interest” has the meaning given by section 51(4) and (5).

[F24 (4A) The worker is treated as having a non-material interest in the intermediary if—

(a) the worker, alone or with one or more associates of the worker, or

(b) an associate of the worker, with or without other associates of the worker,

has a non-material interest in the intermediary.

(4B) For this purpose a non-material interest means—

(a) beneficial ownership of, or the ability to control, directly or through the medium of other companies or by any other indirect means, 5% or less of the ordinary share capital of the company,

(b) possession of, or entitlement to acquire, rights entitling the holder to receive 5% or less of any distributions that may be made by the company, or

(c) where the company is a close company, possession of, or entitlement to acquire, rights that would in the event of the winding up of the company, or in any other circumstances, entitle the holder to receive 5% or less of the assets that would then be available for distribution among the participators.

(4C) In subsection (4B)(c) “participator” has the meaning given by section 454 of CTA 2010.]

(5) In this section “associated company” has the meaning given by section 449 of CTA 2010.

Textual Amendments

F22 S. 61O(1)(b) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), s. 21(3)(a)

F23 S. 61O(1A)(1B) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), s. 21(3)(b)

F24 S. 61O(4A)-(4C) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), s. 21(3)(c)

61P Conditions where intermediary is a partnership U.K.

(1) The condition mentioned in section 61N(10)(d) is—

(a) that the worker, alone or with one or more relatives, is entitled to 60% or more of the profits of the partnership, or

(b) that most of the profits of the partnership derive from the provision of services under engagements to which one or other of this Chapter and Chapter 8 applies—

(i) to a single client, or

(ii) to a single client together with associates of that client, or

(c) that under the profit sharing arrangements the income of any of the partners is based on the amount of income generated by that partner by the provision of services under engagements to which one or other of this Chapter and Chapter 8 applies.

(2) In subsection (1)(a) “relative” means spouse or civil partner, parent or child or remoter relation in the direct line, or brother or sister.

(3) Section 61(4) and (5) apply for the purposes of this section as they apply for the purposes of Chapter 8.

61Q Calculation of deemed direct payment U.K.

(1) The amount of the deemed direct payment is the amount resulting from the following steps—

• Step 1 Identify the amount or value of the chain payment made by the person who is treated as making the deemed direct payment, and deduct from that amount so much of it (if any) as is in respect of value added tax.

• Step 2 Deduct, from the amount resulting from Step 1, so much of that amount as represents the direct cost to the intermediary of materials used, or to be used, in the performance of the services.

• Step 3 Deduct, at the option of the person treated as making the deemed direct payment, from the amount resulting from Step 2, so much of that amount as represents expenses met by the intermediary that would have been deductible from the taxable earnings from the employment if—

  (a)

  the worker had been employed by the client, and

  (b)

  the expenses had been met by the worker out of those earnings.

• Step 4 If the amount resulting from the preceding Steps is nil or negative, there is no deemed direct payment. Otherwise, that amount is the amount of the deemed direct payment.

(2) For the purposes of Step 1 of subsection (1), any part of the amount or value of the chain payment which is employment income of the worker by virtue of section 863G(4) of ITTOIA 2005 (salaried members of limited liability partnerships: anti-avoidance) is to be ignored.

(3) In subsection (1), the reference to the amount or value of the chain payment means the amount or value of that payment before the deduction (if any) permitted under section 61S.

(4) If the actual amount or value of the chain payment mentioned in Step 1 of subsection (1) is such that its recipient bears the cost of amounts due under PAYE regulations or contributions regulations in respect of the deemed direct payment, that Step applies as if the amount or value of that chain payment were what it would be if the burden of that cost were not being passed on through the setting of the level of the payment.

(5) In Step 3 of subsection (1), the reference to expenses met by the intermediary includes—

(a) expenses met by the worker and reimbursed by the intermediary, and

(b) where the intermediary is a partnership and the worker is a member of the partnership, expenses met by the worker for and on behalf of the partnership.

(6) In subsection (4) “contributions regulations” means regulations under the Contributions and Benefits Act providing for primary Class 1 contributions to be paid in a similar manner to income tax in relation to which PAYE regulations have effect (see, in particular, paragraph 6(1) of Schedule 1 to the Act); and here “primary Class 1 contribution” means a primary Class 1 contribution within the meaning of Part 1 of the Contributions and Benefits Act.

61R Application of Income Tax Acts in relation to deemed employment U.K.

(1) The Income Tax Acts (in particular, Part 11 and PAYE regulations) apply in relation to the deemed direct payment as follows.

(2) They apply as if—

(a) the worker were employed by the person treated as making the deemed direct payment, and

(b) the services were performed, or to be performed, by the worker in the course of performing the duties of that employment.

(3) The deemed direct payment is treated in particular—

(a) as taxable earnings from the employment for the purpose of securing that any deductions under Chapters 2 to 6 of Part 5 do not exceed the deemed direct payment, and

(b) as taxable earnings from the employment for the purposes of section 232.

(4) The worker is not chargeable to tax in respect of the deemed direct payment if, or to the extent that, by reason of any combination of the factors mentioned in subsection (5), the worker would not be chargeable to tax if—

(a) the client employed the worker,

(b) the worker performed the services in the course of that employment, and

(c) the deemed direct payment were a payment by the client of earnings from that employment.

(5) The factors are—

(a) the worker being resident or domiciled outside the United Kingdom or meeting the requirement of section 26A,

(b) the client being resident outside, or not resident in, the United Kingdom, and

(c) the services being provided outside the United Kingdom.

(6) Where the intermediary is a partnership or unincorporated association, the deemed direct payment is treated as received by the worker in the worker's personal capacity and not as income of the partnership or association.

F25 (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F25 S. 61R(7) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 15 (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

61S Deductions from chain payments U.K.

(1) This section applies if, as a result of section 61R, a person who is treated as making a deemed direct payment is required under PAYE Regulations to pay an amount to the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (“the Commissioners”) in respect of the payment.

(But see subsection (4)).

(2) The person may deduct from the underlying chain payment an amount which is equal to the amount payable to the Commissioners, but where the amount or value of the underlying chain payment is treated by section 61Q(4) as increased by the cost of any amount due under PAYE Regulations, the amount that may be deducted is limited to the difference (if any) between the amount payable to the Commissioners and the amount of that increase.

(3) Where a person in the chain other than the intermediary receives a chain payment from which an amount has been deducted in reliance on subsection (2) or this subsection, that person may deduct the same amount from the chain payment made by them.

(4) This section does not apply in a case to which 61V(2) applies ([F26 relevant person] treated as making deemed direct payment).

(5) In subsection (2) “the underlying chain payment” means the chain payment whose amount is used at Step 1 of section 61Q(1) as the starting point for calculating the amount of the deemed direct payment.

Textual Amendments

F26 Words in s. 61S(4) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), s. 21(4)

[F27 61T Client-led status disagreement process U.K.

(1) This section applies if, before the final chain payment is made in the case of an engagement to which this Chapter applies, the worker or the deemed employer makes representations to the client that the conclusion contained in a status determination statement is incorrect.

(2) The client must either—

(a) give a statement to the worker or (as the case may be) the deemed employer that—

(i) states that the client has considered the representations and has decided that the conclusion contained in the status determination statement is correct, and

(ii) states the reasons for that decision, or

(b) give a new status determination statement to the worker and the deemed employer that—

(i) contains a different conclusion from the conclusion contained in the previous status determination statement,

(ii) states the date from which the client considers that the conclusion contained in the new status determination statement became correct, and

(iii) states that the previous status determination statement is withdrawn.

(3) If the client fails to comply with the duty in subsection (2) before the end of the period of 45 days beginning with the date the client receives the representations, section 61N(3) and (4) has effect from the end of that period until the duty is complied with as if for any reference to the fee-payer there were substituted a reference to the client; but this is subject to [F28 sections 61V and 61WA].

(4) A new status determination statement given to the deemed employer under subsection (2)(b) is to be treated for the purposes of section 61N(8)(za) as having been given to the deemed employer by the person immediately above the deemed employer in the chain.

(5) In this section—

• “the deemed employer” means the person who, assuming one of conditions A to C in section 61N were met, would be treated as making a deemed direct payment to the worker under section 61N(3) on the making of a chain payment;

• “status determination statement” has the meaning given by section 61NA.

Textual Amendments

F27 Ss. 61T-61TA substituted for s. 61T (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 16 (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

F28 Words in s. 61T(3) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), s. 21(5)

61TA Duty for client to withdraw status determination statement if it ceases to be medium or large U.K.

(1) This section applies if in the case of an engagement to which this Chapter applies—

(a) the client is not a public authority,

(b) the client gives a status determination statement to the worker, the client's agent or both, and

(c) the client does not (but for this section) qualify as medium or large for a tax year beginning after the status determination statement is given.

(2) Before the beginning of the tax year the client must give a statement to the relevant person, or (as the case may be) to both of the relevant persons, stating—

(a) that the client does not qualify as medium or large for the tax year, and

(b) that the status determination statement is withdrawn with effect from the beginning of the tax year.

(3) If the client fails to comply with that duty the following rules apply in relation to the engagement for the tax year—

(a) the client is to be treated as medium or large for the tax year, and

(b) section 61N(3) and (4) have effect as if for any reference to the fee-payer there were substituted a reference to the client.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (2)—

(a) the worker is a relevant person if the status determination statement was given to the worker, and

(b) the deemed employer is a relevant person if the status determination statement was given to the client's agent.

(5) In this section—

• “client's agent” means a person with whom the client entered into a contract as part of the arrangements mentioned in section 61M(1)(c);

• “the deemed employer” means the person who, assuming one of conditions A to C in section 61N were met, would be treated as making a deemed direct payment to the worker under section 61N(3) on the making of a chain payment;

• “status determination statement” has the meaning given by section 61NA.]

Textual Amendments

F27 Ss. 61T-61TA substituted for s. 61T (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 16 (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

61U Information to be provided by worker [F29 or intermediary] and consequences of failure U.K.

(1) In the case of an engagement to which this Chapter applies, [F30 the relevant person] must inform the potential deemed employer of which one of the following is applicable—

(a) that one of conditions A to C in section 61N is met in the case;

(b) that none of conditions A to C in section 61N is met in the case.

(2) If [F31 the relevant person] has not complied with subsection (1) then, for the purposes of section 61N(1), one of conditions A to C in section 61N is to be treated as met.

(3) In this section [F32 —

• “relevant person” means the worker or, in a case where the worker has not complied with subsection (1), the intermediary;]

• “the potential deemed employer” is the person who, if one of conditions A to C in section 61N were met, would be treated as making a deemed direct payment to the worker under section 61N(3).

Textual Amendments

F29 Words in s. 61U heading inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), s. 21(6)(a)

F30 Words in s. 61U(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), s. 21(6)(b)

F31 Words in s. 61U(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), s. 21(6)(c)

F32 Words in s. 61U(3) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), s. 21(6)(d)

61V Consequences of providing fraudulent information U.K.

(1) Subsection (2) applies if in any case—

(a) a person (“the deemed employer”) would, but for this section, be treated by section 61N(3) as making a payment to another person (“the services-provider”), and

(b) the fraudulent documentation condition is met.

(2) Section 61N(3) has effect in the case as if the reference to the fee-payer were a reference to the [F33 relevant person (or if more than one, the first relevant person) in relation to whom the fraudulent documentation condition is met], but—

(a) section 61N(4) continues to have effect as if the reference to the fee-payer were a reference to the deemed employer, and

(b) Step 1 of section 61Q(1) continues to have effect as referring to the chain payment made by the deemed employer.

(3) Subsection (2) has effect even though that [F34 may involve a services-provider] being treated as both employer and employee in relation to the deemed employment under section 61N(3).

(4) “The fraudulent documentation condition” is that a relevant person provided any person with a fraudulent document intended to constitute evidence—

(a) that the case is not an engagement to which this Chapter applies, or

(b) that none of conditions A to C in section 61N is met in the case.

(5) A “relevant person” is—

(a) the services-provider;

(b) a person connected with the services-provider;

(c) if the intermediary in the case is a company, an office-holder in that company;

[F35 (d) a person in the chain who is resident in the United Kingdom or has a place of business in the United Kingdom.]

Textual Amendments

F33 Words in s. 61V(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), s. 21(7)(a)

F34 Words in s. 61V(3) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), s. 21(7)(b)

F35 S. 61V(5)(d) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), s. 21(7)(c)

61W Prevention of double charge to tax and allowance of certain deductions U.K.

(1) Subsection (2) applies where—

(a) a person (“the payee”) receives a payment or benefit (“the end-of-line remuneration”) from another person (“the paying intermediary”),

(b) the end-of-line remuneration can reasonably be taken to represent remuneration for services of the payee to a [F36 another person (“the client”)],

(c) a payment (“the deemed payment”) has been treated by section 61N(3) as made to the payee,

(d) the underlying chain payment can reasonably be taken to be for the same services of the payee to [F37 the client], and

(e) the recipient of the underlying chain payment has (whether by deduction from that payment or otherwise) borne the cost of any amounts due, under PAYE regulations and contributions regulations in respect of the deemed payment, from the person treated by section 61N(3) as making the deemed payment.

(2) For income tax purposes, the paying intermediary and the payee may treat the amount of the end-of-line remuneration as reduced (but not below nil) by any one or more of the following—

(a) the amount (see section 61Q) of the deemed payment;

(b) the amount of any capital allowances in respect of expenditure incurred by the paying intermediary that could have been deducted from employment income under section 262 of CAA 2001 if the payee had been employed by the [F38 client] and had incurred the expenditure;

(c) the amount of any contributions made, in the same tax year as the end-of-line remuneration, for the benefit of the payee by the paying intermediary to a registered pension scheme that if made by an employer for the benefit of an employee would not be chargeable to income tax as income of the employee.

(3) Subsection (2)(c)does not apply to—

(a) excess contributions paid and later repaid,

(b) contributions set under subsection (2) against another payment by the paying intermediary, or

(c) contributions deductible at Step 5 of section 54(1) in calculating the amount of the payment (if any) treated by section 50 as made in the tax year concerned by the paying intermediary to the payee.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3)(c), the contributions to which Step 5 of section 54(1) applies in the case of the particular calculation are “deductible” at that Step so far as their amount does not exceed the result after Step 4 in that calculation.

(5) In subsection (1)(d) “the underlying chain payment” means the chain payment whose amount is used at Step 1 of section 61Q(1) as the starting point for calculating the amount of the deemed payment.

(6) Subsection (2) applies whether the end-of-line remuneration—

(a) is earnings of the payee,

(b) is a distribution of the paying intermediary, or

(c) takes some other form.

Textual Amendments

F36 Words in s. 61W(1)(b) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 17(2)(a) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

F37 Words in s. 61W(1)(d) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 17(2)(b) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

F38 Word in s. 61W(2)(b) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2020 (c. 14), Sch. 1 para. 17(3) (with Sch. 1 paras. 30-34)

[F39 61WA Anti-avoidance U.K.

(1) This section applies if in any case at least one relevant person in a chain participates in a relevant avoidance arrangement.

(2) An arrangement is a “relevant avoidance arrangement” if its main purpose, or one of its main purposes, is to secure a tax advantage by securing that at least one of the conditions mentioned in section 61O or 61P is not met in relation to an intermediary.

(3) Section 61N(3) has effect as if the reference to the fee-payer were a reference to the participating person, but—

(a) section 61N(4) continues to have effect as if the reference to the fee-payer were a reference to the deemed employer, and

(b) Step 1 of section 61Q(1) continues to have effect as referring to the chain payment made by the deemed employer.

(4) The participating person is—

(a) in a case where only one relevant person participates in the arrangement, that person;

(b) in any other case the highest relevant person in the chain who participated in the arrangement and from whom HMRC considers there is a realistic prospect of recovering, within a reasonable period, the amount of tax that would have been paid (or not repaid) in the absence of the arrangement.

(5) Subsection (3) has effect even though that may involve a participating person being treated as both employer and employee in relation to the deemed employment under section 61N(3).

(6) In this section—

• “arrangement” includes any agreement, understanding, scheme, transaction or series of transactions (whether or not legally enforceable);

• “deemed employer” means a person who would, but for this section, be treated by section 61N(3) as making a payment to the worker;

• “relevant person” means—

  (a)

  the worker;

  (b)

  a person who is resident in the United Kingdom or who has a place of business in the United Kingdom;

• “tax” means income tax (and “tax advantage” is to be construed accordingly”);

• “tax advantage” includes—

  (a)

  avoidance or reduction of a charge to tax or an assessment to tax,

  (b)

  repayment or increased repayment of tax,

  (c)

  avoidance of a possible assessment to tax, and

  (d)

  deferral of a payment of tax or advancement of a repayment of tax.]

Textual Amendments

F39 S. 61WA inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), s. 21(8)

61X Interpretation U.K.

In this Chapter—

• “associate” has the meaning given by section 60;

• “company” means a body corporate or unincorporated association, and does not include a partnership;

• “engagement to which Chapter 8 applies” has the meaning given by section 49(5).]