Part 5Employment income: deductions allowed from earnings
C1Chapter 2Deductions for employee’s expenses
Employee liabilities and indemnity insurance
346Deduction for employee liabilities
1
A deduction from earnings from an employment is allowed for any or all of the following—
A. Payment in or towards the discharge of a liability related to the employment.
B. Payment of any costs or expenses incurred in connection with—
a
a claim that the employee is subject to a liability related to the employment, or
b
proceedings relating to or arising out of a claim that the employee is subject to a liability related to the employment.
C. Payment of a premium under a qualifying insurance contract, but only to the extent that the premium relates to—
a
provision in the contract for the employee to be indemnified against a payment falling within paragraph A, or
b
provision in the contract for the payment of any costs or expenses falling within paragraph B.
2
But a deduction is not allowed for a payment which falls within paragraph A or B if it would be unlawful for the employer to enter into a contract of insurance in respect of the liability, or costs or expenses, in question.
F22A
Nor is a deduction allowed for a payment which falls within paragraph A, B or C if the payment is made in pursuance of arrangements the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, of which is the avoidance of tax.
3
In this Chapter—
a
“premium”, in relation to a qualifying insurance contract, means an amount payable to the insurer under the contract, and
b
where a qualifying insurance contract relates to more than one person, employment or risk, the part of the premium to be treated as relating to each of them is to be determined by apportionment on a just and reasonable basis.
347Payments made after leaving the employment
1
A deduction for a payment is not allowed under section 346 if—
a
the employee has ceased to hold the employment, and
b
the payment is made after the day on which the employee ceased to hold the employment.
2
If subsection (1) applies, see section 555 (former employee entitled to deduction F1in calculating net income).
348Liabilities related to the employment
For the purposes of this Chapter each of the following kinds of liability is related to the employment— A. Liability imposed upon the employee because he did an act, or failed to do an act—
a
in his capacity as holder of the employment, or
b
in any other capacity in which he acted in the performance of the duties of the employment.
B. Liability imposed upon the employee in connection with any proceedings relating to, or arising from, a claim that he is subject to a liability because he did an act, or failed to do an act—
a
in his capacity as holder of the employment, or
b
in any other capacity in which he acted in the performance of the duties of the employment.
349Meaning of “qualifying insurance contract”
1
In section 346 “qualifying insurance contract” means a contract of insurance which meets conditions A, B, C and D.
2
Condition A is that, so far as the risks insured against are concerned, the contract only relates to one or more of the following—
a
the indemnification of an employee against a liability related to the employment,
b
the indemnification of a person against vicarious liability in respect of a liability related to another person’s employment,
c
the payment of costs or expenses incurred—
i
in connection with a claim that a person is subject to a liability to which the insurance relates, or
ii
in connection with any proceedings relating to or arising out of a claim that a person is subject to a liability to which the insurance relates,
d
the indemnification of an employer against loss from a payment made by the employer to an employee in respect of—
i
a liability related to the employment, or
ii
any costs or expenses incurred as mentioned in paragraph (c).
3
Condition B is that—
a
the period of insurance under the contract does not exceed 2 years or, if it does, it does so only because of one or more renewals, each for a period of 2 years or less, and
b
the insured is not required to renew the contract for any period.
4
Condition C is—
a
that the insured is not entitled under the contract to receive any payment or other benefit in addition to—
i
cover for the risks insured against, and
ii
any right to renew the contract, or
b
if the insured is so entitled, that the part of the premium reasonably attributable to the entitlement is not a significant part of the whole premium.
5
Condition D is that the contract is not connected with another contract.
350Connected contracts
1
An insurance contract is connected with another contract for the purposes of section 349 if conditions E and F are met—
a
at the time when both contracts are first in force, or
b
at any time after that time.
2
Condition E is that one of the contracts was entered into—
a
by reference to the other, or
b
with a view to enabling or facilitating entry into the other on particular terms.
3
Condition F is that the terms on which one of the contracts was entered into are significantly different from what they would have been if—
a
it had not been entered into in anticipation of the other being entered into, or
b
the other had not also been entered into.
4
If—
a
there is only one such significant difference in terms, and
b
the contracts meet conditions A, B and C specified in section 349,
the difference may be disregarded in the following cases.
5
The first case is where the difference is a reduction in premiums under the contract that is reasonably attributable only to the contract—
a
containing a right to renew, or
b
being entered into by way of renewal.
6
The second case is where—
a
two or more contracts have been entered into as part of a single transaction, and
b
the difference is reductions in their premiums that are reasonably attributable only to the premium under each of them having been fixed by reference to the appropriate proportion of the combined premium.
7
In subsection (6) “the combined premium” means the amount that would have been the total premium under a single contract relating to all the risks covered by the contracts.
Pt. 5 Ch. 2 restricted (6.4.2006) by Finance Act 2004 (c. 12), s. 284(1), Sch. 33 para. 1(5) (with Sch. 36)