Words in s. 8 sidenote substituted (28.3.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 31.10.2009) by Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52), ss. 378(1), 383(2), Sch. 16 para. 238(2); S.I. 2009/812, art. 3; S.I. 2009/1167, art. 4 (and see transitional provisions in S.I. 2009/1059)

Words in s. 8(1) substituted (28.3.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 31.10.2009) by Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52), ss. 378(1), 383(2), Sch. 16 para. 238(3); S.I. 2009/812, art. 3; S.I. 2009/1167, art. 4 (and see transitional provisions in S.I. 2009/1059)

S. 8(2) substituted (28.3.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 31.10.2009) by Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52), ss. 378(1), 383(2), Sch. 16 para. 238(4); S.I. 2009/812, art. 3; S.I. 2009/1167, art. 4 (and see transitional provisions in S.I. 2009/1059)

S. 8(2) modified (24.4.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 31.10.2009) by The Armed Forces Act 2006 (Transitional Provisions etc) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/1059), arts. 1(3), 205, Sch. 1 para. 54

S. 6 heading substituted (2.7.2012) by Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4), s. 4(2), Sch. para. 8(2); S.I. 2012/1432, art. 2

S. 6A inserted (2.7.2012) by Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4), ss. 2, 4(2); S.I. 2012/1432, art. 2

S. 8(4)-(6) inserted (2.7.2012) by Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4), s. 4(2), Sch. para. 9; S.I. 2012/1432, art. 2

Words in s. 6(5) inserted (2.7.2012) by Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4), s. 4(2), Sch. para. 8(1); S.I. 2012/1432, art. 2

S. 5 cross-heading substituted (E.W.) (2.7.2012) by Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4), ss. 1(7), 4(2) (with s. 1(8)); S.I. 2012/1432, art. 2 and s. 5 cross-heading substituted (N.I.) (29.1.2016) by Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9), ss. 96(7), 106(2); S.R. 2015/418, art. 2(b)

Words in s. 5(1)(a) inserted (E.W.) (2.7.2012) by Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4), ss. 1(2)(a), 4(2) (with s. 1(8)); S.I. 2012/1432, art. 2 and words in s. 5(1)(a) inserted (N.I.) (29.1.2016) by Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9), ss. 96(2)(a), 106(2); S.R. 2015/418, art. 2(b)

Words in s. 5(1)(d) substituted (E.W.) (2.7.2012) by Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4), ss. 1(2)(b), 4(2) (with s. 1(8)); S.I. 2012/1432, art. 2 and words in s. 5(1)(d) substituted (N.I.) (29.1.2016) by Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9), ss. 96(2)(b), 106(2); S.R. 2015/418, art. 2(b)

Words in s. 5(3)(a) substituted (E.W.) (2.7.2012) by Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4), ss. 1(3), 4(2) (with s. 1(8)); S.I. 2012/1432, art. 2 and words in s. 5(3)(a) substituted (N.I.) (29.1.2016) by Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9), ss. 96(3), 106(2); S.R. 2015/418, art. 2(b)

Words in s. 5(4)(b) substituted (E.W.) (2.7.2012) by Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4), ss. 1(4), 4(2) (with s. 1(8)); S.I. 2012/1432, art. 2 and words in s. 5(4)(b) substituted (N.I.) (29.1.2016) by Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9), ss. 96(4), 106(2); S.R. 2015/418, art. 2(b)

Words in s. 5(7) inserted (E.W.) (2.7.2012) by Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4), ss. 1(5), 4(2) (with s. 1(8)); S.I. 2012/1432, art. 2 and words in s. 5(7) inserted (N.I.) (29.1.2016) by Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9), ss. 96(5), 106(2); S.R. 2015/418, art. 2(b)

S. 5(8) inserted (E.W.) (2.7.2012) by Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4), ss. 1(6), 4(2) (with s. 1(8)); S.I. 2012/1432, art. 2 and s. 5(8) inserted (N.I.) (29.1.2016) by Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9), ss. 96(6), 106(2); S.R. 2015/418, art. 2(b)

S. 7 heading substituted (14.3.2016) by Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9), s. 106(2), Sch. 6 para. 3(1) (with Sch. 8 para. 11); S.R. 2016/136, art. 2(b)

Words in s. 7(5) inserted (14.3.2016) by Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9), s. 106(2), Sch. 6 para. 3(2) (with Sch. 8 para. 11); S.R. 2016/136, art. 2(b)

S. 7A inserted (N.I.) (14.3.2016) by Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9), s. 106(2), Sch. 6 para. 3(3) (with Sch. 8 para. 11); S.R. 2016/136, art. 2(b)

Words in s. 6(5) substituted (1.12.2020) by Sentencing Act 2020 (c. 17), s. 416(1), Sch. 24 para. 251 (with Sch. 24 para. 447, Sch. 27); S.I. 2020/1236, reg. 2

S. 6A(2)(c) inserted (7.6.2022) by Domestic Abuse Act 2021 (c. 17), s. 90(6), Sch. 2 para. 8; S.I. 2022/553, regs. 1(2), 3(b)

S. 5(7)(a)(b) and word substituted for words in s. 5(7) (28.6.2022) by Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 (c. 32), ss. 123(2), 208(5)(j) (with s. 123(4))

S. 5(8)(a)(b) and word substituted for words in s. 5(7) (28.6.2022) by Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 (c. 32), ss. 123(3), 208(5)(j) (with s. 123(4))

S. 7A(2)(c) inserted (26.6.2023) by Justice (Sexual Offences and Trafficking Victims) Act (Northern Ireland) 2022 (c. 19), s. 30(2), Sch. 4 para. 4; S.R. 2023/87, art. 2(b)

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/28/part/1/crossheading/causing-or-allowing-the-death-of-a-child-or-vulnerable-adultDomestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004An Act to amend Part 4 of the Family Law Act 1996, the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 and the Protection from Harassment (Northern Ireland) Order 1997; to make provision about homicide; to make common assault an arrestable offence; to make provision for the payment of surcharges by offenders; to make provision about alternative verdicts; to provide for a procedure under which a jury tries only sample counts on an indictment; to make provision about findings of unfitness to plead and about persons found unfit to plead or not guilty by reason of insanity; to make provision about the execution of warrants; to make provision about the enforcement of orders imposed on conviction; to amend section 58 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 and to amend Part 12 of that Act in relation to intermittent custody; to make provision in relation to victims of offences, witnesses of offences and others affected by offences; and to make provision about the recovery of compensation from offenders.texttext/xmlenStatute Law Database2024-05-17Expert Participation2023-06-26Part 1Domestic violence etcCausing or allowing a child or vulnerable adult to die or suffer serious physical harm
5The offence1

A person (“D”) is guilty of an offence if—

a

a child or vulnerable adult (“V”) dies or suffers serious physical harm as a result of the unlawful act of a person who—

i

was a member of the same household as V, and

ii

had frequent contact with him,

b

D was such a person at the time of that act,

c

at that time there was a significant risk of serious physical harm being caused to V by the unlawful act of such a person, and

d

either D was the person whose act caused the death or serious physical harm or—

i

D was, or ought to have been, aware of the risk mentioned in paragraph (c),

ii

D failed to take such steps as he could reasonably have been expected to take to protect V from the risk, and

iii

the act occurred in circumstances of the kind that D foresaw or ought to have foreseen.

2

The prosecution does not have to prove whether it is the first alternative in subsection (1)(d) or the second (sub-paragraphs (i) to (iii)) that applies.

3

If D was not the mother or father of V—

a

D may not be charged with an offence under this section if he was under the age of 16 at the time of the act that caused the death or serious physical harm;

b

for the purposes of subsection (1)(d)(ii) D could not have been expected to take any such step as is referred to there before attaining that age.

4

For the purposes of this section—

a

a person is to be regarded as a “member” of a particular household, even if he does not live in that household, if he visits it so often and for such periods of time that it is reasonable to regard him as a member of it;

b

where V lived in different households at different times, “the same household as V” refers to the household in which V was living at the time of the act that caused the death or serious physical harm.

5

For the purposes of this section an “unlawful” act is one that—

a

constitutes an offence, or

b

would constitute an offence but for being the act of—

i

a person under the age of ten, or

ii

a person entitled to rely on a defence of insanity.

Paragraph (b) does not apply to an act of D.

6

In this section—

act” includes a course of conduct and also includes omission;

child” means a person under the age of 16;

“serious” harm means harm that amounts to grievous bodily harm for the purposes of the Offences against the Person Act 1861 (c. 100);

vulnerable adult” means a person aged 16 or over whose ability to protect himself from violence, abuse or neglect is significantly impaired through physical or mental disability or illness, through old age or otherwise.

7

A person guilty of an offence under this section of causing or allowing a person's death is liable—

a

on conviction on indictment in England and Wales, to imprisonment for life or to a fine, or to both;

b

on conviction on indictment in Northern Ireland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years or to a fine, or to both.

8

A person guilty of an offence under this section of causing or allowing a person to suffer serious physical harm is liable—

a

on conviction on indictment in England and Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years or to a fine, or to both;

b

on conviction on indictment in Northern Ireland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years or to a fine, or to both.

6Evidence and procedure in cases of death: England and Wales1

Subsections (2) to (4) apply where a person (“the defendant”) is charged in the same proceedings with an offence of murder or manslaughter and with an offence under section 5 in respect of the same death (“the section 5 offence”).

2

Where by virtue of section 35(3) of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 (c. 33) a court or jury is permitted, in relation to the section 5 offence, to draw such inferences as appear proper from the defendant’s failure to give evidence or refusal to answer a question, the court or jury may also draw such inferences in determining whether he is guilty—

a

of murder or manslaughter, or

b

of any other offence of which he could lawfully be convicted on the charge of murder or manslaughter,

even if there would otherwise be no case for him to answer in relation to that offence.

3

The charge of murder or manslaughter is not to be dismissed under paragraph 2 of Schedule 3 to the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (c. 37) (unless the section 5 offence is dismissed).

4

At the defendant’s trial the question whether there is a case for the defendant to answer on the charge of murder or manslaughter is not to be considered before the close of all the evidence (or, if at some earlier time he ceases to be charged with the section 5 offence, before that earlier time).

5

An offence under section 5 of causing or allowing a person's death is an offence of homicide for the purposes of the following enactments—

sections 24 and 25 of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980 (c. 43) (mode of trial of child or young person for indictable offence);

section 51A of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (sending cases to the Crown Court: children and young persons);

section 25 of the Sentencing Code (power and duty to remit young offenders to youth courts for sentence).

6AEvidence and procedure in cases of serious physical harm: England and Wales1

Subsections (3) to (5) apply where a person (“the defendant”) is charged in the same proceedings with a relevant offence and with an offence under section 5 in respect of the same harm (“the section 5 offence”).

2

In this section “relevant offence” means—

a

an offence under section 18 or 20 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861 (grievous bodily harm etc);

b

an offence under section 1 of the Criminal Attempts Act 1981 of attempting to commit murder;

c

an offence under section 75A of the Serious Crime Act 2015 (strangulation or suffocation).

3

Where by virtue of section 35(3) of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 a court or jury is permitted, in relation to the section 5 offence, to draw such inferences as appear proper from the defendant's failure to give evidence or refusal to answer a question, the court or jury may also draw such inferences in determining whether the defendant is guilty of a relevant offence, even if there would otherwise be no case for the defendant to answer in relation to that offence.

4

The charge of the relevant offence is not to be dismissed under paragraph 2 of Schedule 3 to the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (unless the section 5 offence is dismissed).

5

At the defendant's trial the question whether there is a case for the defendant to answer on the charge of the relevant offence is not to be considered before the close of all the evidence (or, if at some earlier time the defendant ceases to be charged with the section 5 offence, before that earlier time).

7Evidence and procedure in cases of death: Northern Ireland1

Subsections (2) to (4) apply where a person (“the defendant”) is charged in the same proceedings with an offence of murder or manslaughter and with an offence under section 5 in respect of the same death (“the section 5 offence”).

2

Where by virtue of Article 4(4) of the Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1988 (S.I. 1988/1987 (N.I. 20)) a court or jury is permitted, in relation to the section 5 offence, to draw such inferences as appear proper from the defendant’s failure to give evidence or refusal to answer a question, the court or jury may also draw such inferences in determining whether he is guilty—

a

of murder or manslaughter, or

b

of any other offence of which he could lawfully be convicted on the charge of murder or manslaughter,

even if there would otherwise be no case for him to answer in relation to that offence.

3

Where a magistrates' court is considering under Article 37 of the Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (S.I. 1981/1675 (N.I. 26)) whether to commit the defendant for trial for the offence of murder or manslaughter, if there is sufficient evidence to put him upon trial for the section 5 offence there is deemed to be sufficient evidence to put him upon trial for the offence of murder or manslaughter.

4

At the defendant’s trial the question whether there is a case to answer on the charge of murder or manslaughter is not to be considered before the close of all the evidence (or, if at some earlier time he ceases to be charged with the section 5 offence, before that earlier time).

5

An offence under section 5 of causing or allowing a person's death is an offence of homicide for the purposes of the following provisions—

Article 17 of the Criminal Justice (Children) (Northern Ireland) Order 1998 (S.I. 1998/1504 (N.I. 9)) (mode of trial of child for indictable offence);

Article 32 of that Order (power and duty to remit children to youth courts for sentence).

7AEvidence and procedure in cases of serious physical harm: Northern Ireland1

Subsections (3) to (5) apply where a person (“the defendant”) is charged in the same proceedings with a relevant offence and with an offence under section 5 in respect of the same harm (“the section 5 offence”).

2

In this section “relevant offence” means—

a

an offence under section 18 or 20 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861 (grievous bodily harm etc.);

b

an offence under Article 3 of the Criminal Attempts and Conspiracy (Northern Ireland) Order 1983 of attempting to commit murder.

c

an offence under section 28 of the Justice (Sexual Offences and Trafficking Victims) Act (Northern Ireland) 2022 (non-fatal strangulation or asphyxiation).

3

Where by virtue of Article 4(4) of the Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1988 a court or jury is permitted, in relation to the section 5 offence, to draw such inferences as appear proper from the defendant's failure to give evidence or refusal to answer a question, the court or jury may also draw such inferences in determining whether the defendant is guilty of a relevant offence, even if there would otherwise be no case for the defendant to answer in relation to that offence.

4

Where a magistrates' court is considering under Article 37 of the Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 whether to commit the defendant for trial for the relevant offence, if there is sufficient evidence to put the defendant on trial for the section 5 offence there is deemed to be sufficient evidence to put the defendant on trial for the relevant offence.

5

The power of a judge of the Crown Court under section 2(3) of the Grand Jury (Abolition) Act (Northern Ireland) 1969 (entry of “No Bill”)is not to be exercised in relation to a relevant offence unless it is also exercised in relation to the section 5 offence.

6

At the defendant's trial the question whether there is a case for the defendant to answer on the charge of the relevant offence is not to be considered before the close of all the evidence (or, if at some earlier time the defendant ceases to be charged with the section 5 offence, before that earlier time).

8Evidence and procedure: the Court Martial1

Section 6(1), (2) and (4) has effect in relation to proceedings before the Court Martial with the following adaptations.

2

A reference to an offence—

a

of murder,

b

of manslaughter, or

c

under section 5,

is to be read as a reference to an offence under section 42 of the Armed Forces Act 2006 as respects which the corresponding offence under the law of England and Wales (within the meaning given by that section) is that offence.

3

A reference to the court or jury is to be read as a reference to the court.

4

Section 6A(1), (3) and (5) has effect in relation to proceedings before the Court Martial with the following adaptations.

5

A reference to an offence—

a

listed in section 6A(2), or

b

under section 5,

is to be read as a reference to an offence under section 42 of the Armed Forces Act 2006 as respects which the corresponding offence under the law of England and Wales (within the meaning given by that section) is that offence.

6

A reference to the court or jury is to be read as a reference to the court.

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<source href="#key-b812f3a78ae99279ccc462d66e7c16d9"/>
<destination href="#section-7A-2-c"/>
</textualMod>
<textualMod type="substitution" eId="mod-d29p518">
<source href="#c21160731"/>
<destination href="#part-1-crossheading-causing-or-allowing-the-death-of-a-child-or-vulnerable-adult"/>
</textualMod>
<textualMod type="substitution" eId="mod-d29p531">
<source href="#c21160791"/>
<destination href="#section-8-1"/>
</textualMod>
<textualMod type="substitution" eId="mod-d29p535">
<source href="#c21160811"/>
<destination href="#section-8-2"/>
</textualMod>
<textualMod type="insertion" eId="mod-key-5d9d5f4090567f9c4bad264d1c30ee5a-1521713614674">
<source href="#key-5d9d5f4090567f9c4bad264d1c30ee5a"/>
<destination href="#section-8-4"/>
</textualMod>
</passiveModifications>
<restrictions source="#source">
<restriction refersTo="#e+w+s+ni" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#section-5" refersTo="#e+w+ni" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#section-6" refersTo="#e+w" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#section-7" refersTo="#ni" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#section-7A" refersTo="#ni" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#section-8" refersTo="#e+w" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#part-1" refersTo="#e+w+ni" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#part-1-crossheading-causing-or-allowing-the-death-of-a-child-or-vulnerable-adult" refersTo="#e+w+ni" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#section-5-8" refersTo="#ni" type="jurisdiction"/>
</restrictions>
</analysis>
<temporalData source="#source">
<temporalGroup eId="period1">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-1" refersTo="#period-concept1"/>
</temporalGroup>
<temporalGroup eId="period2">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-2" refersTo="#period-concept2"/>
</temporalGroup>
<temporalGroup eId="period3">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-3" refersTo="#period-concept3"/>
</temporalGroup>
<temporalGroup eId="period4">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-4" refersTo="#period-concept4"/>
</temporalGroup>
<temporalGroup eId="period5">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-5" refersTo="#period-concept5"/>
</temporalGroup>
<temporalGroup eId="period6">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-6" refersTo="#period-concept6"/>
</temporalGroup>
</temporalData>
<references source="#source">
<TLCOrganization eId="source" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/publisher/StatuteLawDatabase" showAs="Statute Law Database"/>
<passiveRef href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2015/2" showAs="Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015"/>
<passiveRef href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2024/21" showAs="Victims and Prisoners Act 2024"/>
<TLCLocation eId="e+w+s+ni" href="/ontology/jurisdictions/uk.EnglandWalesScotlandNorthernIreland" showAs="England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland"/>
<TLCLocation eId="e+w+ni" href="/ontology/jurisdictions/uk.EnglandWalesNorthernIreland" showAs="England, Wales, Northern Ireland"/>
<TLCLocation eId="ni" href="/ontology/jurisdictions/uk.NorthernIreland" showAs="Northern Ireland"/>
<TLCLocation eId="e+w" href="/ontology/jurisdictions/uk.EnglandWales" showAs="England, Wales"/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-the-same-household-as-v" href="/ontology/term/uk.the-same-household-as-v" showAs="the same household as V"/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-act" href="/ontology/term/uk.act" showAs="act"/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-child" href="/ontology/term/uk.child" showAs="child"/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-vulnerable-adult" href="/ontology/term/uk.vulnerable-adult" showAs="vulnerable adult"/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-the-defendant" href="/ontology/term/uk.the-defendant" showAs="the defendant"/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-relevant-offence" href="/ontology/term/uk.relevant-offence" showAs="relevant offence"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept1" href="/ontology/time/2012.07.02" showAs="since 2012-07-02"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept2" href="/ontology/time/2016.03.14" showAs="since 2016-03-14"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept3" href="/ontology/time/2020.12.01" showAs="since 2020-12-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept4" href="/ontology/time/2022.06.07" showAs="since 2022-06-07"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept5" href="/ontology/time/2022.06.28" showAs="since 2022-06-28"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept6" href="/ontology/time/2023.06.26" showAs="since 2023-06-26"/>
</references>
<notes source="#source">
<note class="commentary F" eId="c21160731">
<p>
Words in s. 8 sidenote substituted (28.3.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2006/52">Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2006/52/section/378/1">ss. 378(1)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2006/52/section/383/2">383(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2006/52/schedule/16/paragraph/238/2">Sch. 16 para. 238(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/812">S.I. 2009/812</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/812/article/3">art. 3</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/1167">S.I. 2009/1167</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/1167/article/4">art. 4</ref>
(and see transitional provisions in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/1059">S.I. 2009/1059</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c21160791">
<p>
Words in s. 8(1) substituted (28.3.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2006/52">Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2006/52/section/378/1">ss. 378(1)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2006/52/section/383/2">383(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2006/52/schedule/16/paragraph/238/3">Sch. 16 para. 238(3)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/812">S.I. 2009/812</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/812/article/3">art. 3</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/1167">S.I. 2009/1167</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/1167/article/4">art. 4</ref>
(and see transitional provisions in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/1059">S.I. 2009/1059</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c21160811">
<p>
S. 8(2) substituted (28.3.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2006/52">Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2006/52/section/378/1">ss. 378(1)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2006/52/section/383/2">383(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2006/52/schedule/16/paragraph/238/4">Sch. 16 para. 238(4)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/812">S.I. 2009/812</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/812/article/3">art. 3</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/1167">S.I. 2009/1167</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/1167/article/4">art. 4</ref>
(and see transitional provisions in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/1059">S.I. 2009/1059</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c21163141">
<p>
S. 8(2) modified (24.4.2009 for certain purposes, otherwise 31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/1059">The Armed Forces Act 2006 (Transitional Provisions etc) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/1059)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/1059/article/1/3">arts. 1(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/1059/article/205">205</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/1059/schedule/1/paragraph/54">Sch. 1 para. 54</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-4a08803efe68b588c54b8337bf7138ad">
<p>
S. 6 heading substituted (2.7.2012) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4">Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/4/2">s. 4(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/schedule/paragraph/8/2">Sch. para. 8(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432">S.I. 2012/1432</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870">
<p>
S. 6A inserted (2.7.2012) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4">Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/2">ss. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/4/2">4(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432">S.I. 2012/1432</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-5d9d5f4090567f9c4bad264d1c30ee5a">
<p>
S. 8(4)-(6) inserted (2.7.2012) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4">Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/4/2">s. 4(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/schedule/paragraph/9">Sch. para. 9</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432">S.I. 2012/1432</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-4682b7f4515cd6e13df2c3f3a745374b">
<p>
Words in s. 6(5) inserted (2.7.2012) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4">Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/4/2">s. 4(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/schedule/paragraph/8/1">Sch. para. 8(1)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432">S.I. 2012/1432</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-8699cdd9887f9912c73c322a163a3655">
<p>
S. 5 cross-heading substituted (E.W.) (2.7.2012) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4">Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4)</ref>
, ss. 1(7), 4(2) (with s. 1(8));
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432">S.I. 2012/1432</ref>
, art. 2 and s. 5 cross-heading substituted (N.I.) (29.1.2016) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9">Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/96/7">ss. 96(7)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/106/2">106(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2015/418">S.R. 2015/418</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2015/418/article/2/b">art. 2(b)</ref>
</p>
<p/>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-a8d5650c5139cd5441bf027d3286b5f1">
<p>
Words in s. 5(1)(a) inserted (E.W.) (2.7.2012) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4">Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/1/2/a">ss. 1(2)(a)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/4/2">4(2)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/1/8">s. 1(8)</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432">S.I. 2012/1432</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432/article/2">art. 2</ref>
and words in s. 5(1)(a) inserted (N.I.) (29.1.2016) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9">Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/96/2/a">ss. 96(2)(a)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/106/2">106(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2015/418">S.R. 2015/418</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2015/418/article/2/b">art. 2(b)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-c64ca49330f3457acc78f1de4c936a94">
<p>
Words in s. 5(1)(d) substituted (E.W.) (2.7.2012) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4">Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/1/2/b">ss. 1(2)(b)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/4/2">4(2)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/1/8">s. 1(8)</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432">S.I. 2012/1432</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432/article/2">art. 2</ref>
and words in s. 5(1)(d) substituted (N.I.) (29.1.2016) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9">Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/96/2/b">ss. 96(2)(b)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/106/2">106(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2015/418">S.R. 2015/418</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2015/418/article/2/b">art. 2(b)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-dce57fe92b5cae23ec654c8e00fe877a">
<p>
Words in s. 5(3)(a) substituted (E.W.) (2.7.2012) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4">Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/1/3">ss. 1(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/4/2">4(2)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/1/8">s. 1(8)</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432">S.I. 2012/1432</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432/article/2">art. 2</ref>
and words in s. 5(3)(a) substituted (N.I.) (29.1.2016) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9">Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/96/3">ss. 96(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/106/2">106(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2015/418">S.R. 2015/418</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2015/418/article/2/b">art. 2(b)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-a79169041ba042eb27be618acf5e4436">
<p>
Words in s. 5(4)(b) substituted (E.W.) (2.7.2012) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4">Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/1/4">ss. 1(4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/4/2">4(2)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/1/8">s. 1(8)</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432">S.I. 2012/1432</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432/article/2">art. 2</ref>
and words in s. 5(4)(b) substituted (N.I.) (29.1.2016) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9">Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/96/4">ss. 96(4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/106/2">106(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2015/418">S.R. 2015/418</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2015/418/article/2/b">art. 2(b)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-52a1a3c2a144b9cba11af2c31081a20b">
<p/>
<p>
Words in s. 5(7) inserted (E.W.) (2.7.2012) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4">Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/1/5">ss. 1(5)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/4/2">4(2)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/1/8">s. 1(8)</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432">S.I. 2012/1432</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432/article/2">art. 2</ref>
and words in s. 5(7) inserted (N.I.) (29.1.2016) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9">Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/96/5">ss. 96(5)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/106/2">106(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2015/418">S.R. 2015/418</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2015/418/article/2/b">art. 2(b)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-69c3a3bc21b2d1fff2f4ba9749a484e9">
<p>
S. 5(8) inserted (E.W.) (2.7.2012) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4">Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims (Amendment) Act 2012 (c. 4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/1/6">ss. 1(6)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/4/2">4(2)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2012/4/section/1/8">s. 1(8)</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432">S.I. 2012/1432</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1432/article/2">art. 2</ref>
and s. 5(8) inserted (N.I.) (29.1.2016) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9">Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/96/6">ss. 96(6)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/106/2">106(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2015/418">S.R. 2015/418</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2015/418/article/2/b">art. 2(b)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-3fdc9d6afe4fbf1a56aefb5a07639224">
<p>
S. 7 heading substituted (14.3.2016) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9">Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/106/2">s. 106(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/schedule/6/paragraph/3/1">Sch. 6 para. 3(1)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/schedule/8/paragraph/11">Sch. 8 para. 11</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2016/136">S.R. 2016/136</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2016/136/article/2/b">art. 2(b)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-fa3b7c88f4759a5dfcd7a8e8377bd54b">
<p>
Words in s. 7(5) inserted (14.3.2016) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9">Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/106/2">s. 106(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/schedule/6/paragraph/3/2">Sch. 6 para. 3(2)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/schedule/8/paragraph/11">Sch. 8 para. 11</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2016/136">S.R. 2016/136</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2016/136/article/2/b">art. 2(b)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144">
<p>
S. 7A inserted (N.I.) (14.3.2016) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9">Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/106/2">s. 106(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/schedule/6/paragraph/3/3">Sch. 6 para. 3(3)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/schedule/8/paragraph/11">Sch. 8 para. 11</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2016/136">S.R. 2016/136</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2016/136/article/2/b">art. 2(b)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-ad335cf1e972abdcc960ab4a47f62fdd">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2004/28/section/6/5">s. 6(5)</ref>
substituted (1.12.2020) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17">Sentencing Act 2020 (c. 17)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/section/416/1">s. 416(1)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/schedule/24/paragraph/251">Sch. 24 para. 251</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/schedule/24/paragraph/447">Sch. 24 para. 447</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/schedule/27">Sch. 27</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/1236">S.I. 2020/1236</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/1236/regulation/2">reg. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-1b04066a93437b0ef950f7dd33a04830">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2004/28/section/6A/2/c">S. 6A(2)(c)</ref>
inserted (7.6.2022) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2021/17">Domestic Abuse Act 2021 (c. 17)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2021/17/section/90/6">s. 90(6)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2021/17/schedule/2/paragraph/8">Sch. 2 para. 8</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2022/553">S.I. 2022/553</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2022/553/regulation/1/2">regs. 1(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2022/553/regulation/3/b">3(b)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-a8b3b76a2b307e3de45f8b6734374859">
<p>
S. 5(7)(a)(b) and word substituted for words in s. 5(7) (28.6.2022) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2022/32">Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 (c. 32)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2022/32/section/123/2">ss. 123(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2022/32/section/208/5/j">208(5)(j)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2022/32/section/123/4">s. 123(4)</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-49d686e3689be04b620b45101fe82073">
<p>
S. 5(8)(a)(b) and word substituted for words in s. 5(7) (28.6.2022) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2022/32">Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 (c. 32)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2022/32/section/123/3">ss. 123(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2022/32/section/208/5/j">208(5)(j)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2022/32/section/123/4">s. 123(4)</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-b812f3a78ae99279ccc462d66e7c16d9">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2004/28/section/7A/2/c">S. 7A(2)(c)</ref>
inserted (26.6.2023) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2022/19">Justice (Sexual Offences and Trafficking Victims) Act (Northern Ireland) 2022 (c. 19)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2022/19/section/30/2">s. 30(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2022/19/schedule/4/paragraph/4">Sch. 4 para. 4</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2023/87">S.R. 2023/87</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2023/87/article/2/b">art. 2(b)</ref>
</p>
</note>
</notes>
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<dc:title>Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004</dc:title>
<dc:description>An Act to amend Part 4 of the Family Law Act 1996, the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 and the Protection from Harassment (Northern Ireland) Order 1997; to make provision about homicide; to make common assault an arrestable offence; to make provision for the payment of surcharges by offenders; to make provision about alternative verdicts; to provide for a procedure under which a jury tries only sample counts on an indictment; to make provision about findings of unfitness to plead and about persons found unfit to plead or not guilty by reason of insanity; to make provision about the execution of warrants; to make provision about the enforcement of orders imposed on conviction; to amend section 58 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 and to amend Part 12 of that Act in relation to intermittent custody; to make provision in relation to victims of offences, witnesses of offences and others affected by offences; and to make provision about the recovery of compensation from offenders.</dc:description>
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<atom:link rel="next" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/28/part/1/crossheading/domestic-homicide-reviews" title="Crossheading; Part 1 Crossheading; Domestic homicide reviews"/>
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<portionBody period="#period6">
<part eId="part-1" period="#period6">
<num>
<strong>Part 1</strong>
</num>
<heading>
Domestic violence
<abbr title="Et cetera" xml:lang="la">etc</abbr>
</heading>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="part-1-crossheading-causing-or-allowing-the-death-of-a-child-or-vulnerable-adult" period="#period6">
<heading>
<em>
<ins class="key-8699cdd9887f9912c73c322a163a3655-1521729947937 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-8699cdd9887f9912c73c322a163a3655" marker="F8" class="commentary attribute F"/>
Causing or allowing a child or vulnerable adult to die or suffer serious physical harm
</ins>
</em>
</heading>
<section eId="section-5" period="#period5">
<num>5</num>
<heading>The offence</heading>
<subsection eId="section-5-1">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>A person (“D”) is guilty of an offence if—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-5-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<intro>
<p>
a child or vulnerable adult (“V”) dies
<ins class="key-a8d5650c5139cd5441bf027d3286b5f1-1521730290046 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-a8d5650c5139cd5441bf027d3286b5f1" marker="F9" class="commentary attribute F"/>
or suffers serious physical harm
</ins>
as a result of the unlawful act of a person who—
</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="section-5-1-a-i">
<num>i</num>
<content>
<p>was a member of the same household as V, and</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="section-5-1-a-ii">
<num>ii</num>
<content>
<p>had frequent contact with him,</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-5-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>D was such a person at the time of that act,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-5-1-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>at that time there was a significant risk of serious physical harm being caused to V by the unlawful act of such a person, and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-5-1-d">
<num>d</num>
<intro>
<p>
either D was the person whose act caused
<ins class="key-c64ca49330f3457acc78f1de4c936a94-1521730342176 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-c64ca49330f3457acc78f1de4c936a94" marker="F10" class="commentary attribute F"/>
the death or serious physical harm
</ins>
or—
</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="section-5-1-d-i">
<num>i</num>
<content>
<p>D was, or ought to have been, aware of the risk mentioned in paragraph (c),</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="section-5-1-d-ii">
<num>ii</num>
<content>
<p>D failed to take such steps as he could reasonably have been expected to take to protect V from the risk, and</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="section-5-1-d-iii">
<num>iii</num>
<content>
<p>the act occurred in circumstances of the kind that D foresaw or ought to have foreseen.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-5-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>The prosecution does not have to prove whether it is the first alternative in subsection (1)(d) or the second (sub-paragraphs (i) to (iii)) that applies.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-5-3">
<num>3</num>
<intro>
<p>If D was not the mother or father of V—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-5-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>
D may not be charged with an offence under this section if he was under the age of 16 at the time of the act that caused
<ins class="key-dce57fe92b5cae23ec654c8e00fe877a-1521730365577 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-dce57fe92b5cae23ec654c8e00fe877a" marker="F11" class="commentary attribute F"/>
the death or serious physical harm
</ins>
;
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-5-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>for the purposes of subsection (1)(d)(ii) D could not have been expected to take any such step as is referred to there before attaining that age.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-5-4">
<num>4</num>
<intro>
<p>For the purposes of this section—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-5-4-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>a person is to be regarded as a “member” of a particular household, even if he does not live in that household, if he visits it so often and for such periods of time that it is reasonable to regard him as a member of it;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-5-4-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>
where V lived in different households at different times, “
<term refersTo="#term-the-same-household-as-v">the same household as V</term>
” refers to the household in which V was living at the time of the act that caused
<ins class="key-a79169041ba042eb27be618acf5e4436-1521730391386 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-a79169041ba042eb27be618acf5e4436" marker="F12" class="commentary attribute F"/>
the death or serious physical harm
</ins>
.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-5-5">
<num>5</num>
<intro>
<p>For the purposes of this section an “unlawful” act is one that—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-5-5-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>constitutes an offence, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-5-5-b">
<num>b</num>
<intro>
<p>would constitute an offence but for being the act of—</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="section-5-5-b-i">
<num>i</num>
<content>
<p>a person under the age of ten, or</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="section-5-5-b-ii">
<num>ii</num>
<content>
<p>a person entitled to rely on a defence of insanity.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>Paragraph (b) does not apply to an act of D.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-5-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>In this section—</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<hcontainer name="wrapper">
<content>
<blockList class="unordered">
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-act">act</term>
” includes a course of conduct and also includes omission;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-child">child</term>
” means a person under the age of 16;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>“serious” harm means harm that amounts to grievous bodily harm for the purposes of the Offences against the Person Act 1861 (c. 100);</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-vulnerable-adult">vulnerable adult</term>
” means a person aged 16 or over whose ability to protect himself from violence, abuse or neglect is significantly impaired through physical or mental disability or illness, through old age or otherwise.
</p>
</item>
</blockList>
</content>
</hcontainer>
<subsection eId="section-5-7">
<num>7</num>
<intro>
<p>
A person guilty of an offence under this section
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<noteRef href="#key-52a1a3c2a144b9cba11af2c31081a20b" marker="F13" class="commentary attribute F"/>
of causing or allowing a person's death
</ins>
is
<ins class="substitution key-a8b3b76a2b307e3de45f8b6734374859-1658236491818 first">
<noteRef href="#key-a8b3b76a2b307e3de45f8b6734374859" marker="F20" class="commentary attribute F"/>
liable—
</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-5-7-a">
<num>
<ins class="substitution key-a8b3b76a2b307e3de45f8b6734374859-1658236491818">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="substitution key-a8b3b76a2b307e3de45f8b6734374859-1658236491818">on conviction on indictment in England and Wales, to imprisonment for life or to a fine, or to both;</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-5-7-b">
<num>
<ins class="substitution key-a8b3b76a2b307e3de45f8b6734374859-1658236491818">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="substitution key-a8b3b76a2b307e3de45f8b6734374859-1658236491818 last">on conviction on indictment in Northern Ireland,</ins>
to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years or to a fine, or to both.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-5-8">
<num>
<ins class="key-69c3a3bc21b2d1fff2f4ba9749a484e9-1521730448387 first">
<noteRef href="#key-69c3a3bc21b2d1fff2f4ba9749a484e9" marker="F14" class="commentary attribute F"/>
8
</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="key-69c3a3bc21b2d1fff2f4ba9749a484e9-1521730448387">A person guilty of an offence under this section of causing or allowing a person to suffer serious physical harm is </ins>
<ins class="key-69c3a3bc21b2d1fff2f4ba9749a484e9-1521730448387">
<ins class="substitution key-49d686e3689be04b620b45101fe82073-1658236563648 first">
<noteRef href="#key-49d686e3689be04b620b45101fe82073" marker="F21" class="commentary attribute F"/>
liable—
</ins>
</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-5-8-a">
<num>
<ins class="key-69c3a3bc21b2d1fff2f4ba9749a484e9-1521730448387">
<ins class="substitution key-49d686e3689be04b620b45101fe82073-1658236563648">a</ins>
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-69c3a3bc21b2d1fff2f4ba9749a484e9-1521730448387">
<ins class="substitution key-49d686e3689be04b620b45101fe82073-1658236563648">on conviction on indictment in England and Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years or to a fine, or to both;</ins>
</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-5-8-b">
<num>
<ins class="key-69c3a3bc21b2d1fff2f4ba9749a484e9-1521730448387">
<ins class="substitution key-49d686e3689be04b620b45101fe82073-1658236563648">b</ins>
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-69c3a3bc21b2d1fff2f4ba9749a484e9-1521730448387">
<ins class="substitution key-49d686e3689be04b620b45101fe82073-1658236563648 last">on conviction on indictment in Northern Ireland,</ins>
</ins>
<ins class="key-69c3a3bc21b2d1fff2f4ba9749a484e9-1521730448387 last"> to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years or to a fine, or to both.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p/>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-6" period="#period3">
<num>6</num>
<heading>
<ins class="substitution key-4a08803efe68b588c54b8337bf7138ad-1521713496858 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-4a08803efe68b588c54b8337bf7138ad" marker="F4" class="commentary attribute F"/>
Evidence and procedure in cases of death: England and Wales
</ins>
</heading>
<subsection eId="section-6-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>
Subsections (2) to (4) apply where a person (“
<term refersTo="#term-the-defendant">the defendant</term>
”) is charged in the same proceedings with an offence of murder or manslaughter and with an offence under section 5 in respect of the same death (“the section 5 offence”).
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-6-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>Where by virtue of section 35(3) of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 (c. 33) a court or jury is permitted, in relation to the section 5 offence, to draw such inferences as appear proper from the defendant’s failure to give evidence or refusal to answer a question, the court or jury may also draw such inferences in determining whether he is guilty—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-6-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>of murder or manslaughter, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-6-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>of any other offence of which he could lawfully be convicted on the charge of murder or manslaughter,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>even if there would otherwise be no case for him to answer in relation to that offence.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-6-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>The charge of murder or manslaughter is not to be dismissed under paragraph 2 of Schedule 3 to the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (c. 37) (unless the section 5 offence is dismissed).</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-6-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>At the defendant’s trial the question whether there is a case for the defendant to answer on the charge of murder or manslaughter is not to be considered before the close of all the evidence (or, if at some earlier time he ceases to be charged with the section 5 offence, before that earlier time).</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-6-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>
An offence under section 5
<ins class="key-4682b7f4515cd6e13df2c3f3a745374b-1521714011924 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-4682b7f4515cd6e13df2c3f3a745374b" marker="F7" class="commentary attribute F"/>
of causing or allowing a person's death
</ins>
is an offence of homicide for the purposes of the following enactments—
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<wrapUp>
<blockList class="unordered">
<item>
<p>sections 24 and 25 of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980 (c. 43) (mode of trial of child or young person for indictable offence);</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>section 51A of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (sending cases to the Crown Court: children and young persons);</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<ins class="substitution key-ad335cf1e972abdcc960ab4a47f62fdd-1619608702023 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-ad335cf1e972abdcc960ab4a47f62fdd" marker="F18" class="commentary attribute F"/>
section 25 of the Sentencing Code
</ins>
(power and duty to remit young offenders to youth courts for sentence).
</p>
</item>
</blockList>
</wrapUp>
</section>
<section eId="section-6A" period="#period4">
<num>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">6A</ins>
</num>
<heading>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799 first">
<noteRef href="#key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870" marker="F5" class="commentary attribute F"/>
Evidence and procedure in cases of serious physical harm: England and Wales
</ins>
</heading>
<subsection eId="section-6A-1">
<num>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">1</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">Subsections (3) to (5) apply where a person (“</ins>
<term refersTo="#term-the-defendant">
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">the defendant</ins>
</term>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">”) is charged in the same proceedings with a relevant offence and with an offence under section 5 in respect of the same harm (“the section 5 offence”).</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-6A-2">
<num>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">2</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">In this section “</ins>
<term refersTo="#term-relevant-offence">
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">relevant offence</ins>
</term>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">” means—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-6A-2-a">
<num>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">an offence under section 18 or 20 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861 (grievous bodily harm </ins>
<abbr title="Et cetera" xml:lang="la">
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">etc</ins>
</abbr>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">);</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-6A-2-b">
<num>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">an offence under section 1 of the Criminal Attempts Act 1981 of attempting to commit murder;</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-6A-2-c">
<num>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">
<ins class="key-1b04066a93437b0ef950f7dd33a04830-1658236221616 first">
<noteRef href="#key-1b04066a93437b0ef950f7dd33a04830" marker="F19" class="commentary attribute F"/>
c
</ins>
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">
<ins class="key-1b04066a93437b0ef950f7dd33a04830-1658236221616 last">an offence under section 75A of the Serious Crime Act 2015 (strangulation or suffocation).</ins>
</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-6A-3">
<num>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">3</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">Where by virtue of section 35(3) of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 a court or jury is permitted, in relation to the section 5 offence, to draw such inferences as appear proper from the defendant's failure to give evidence or refusal to answer a question, the court or jury may also draw such inferences in determining whether the defendant is guilty of a relevant offence, even if there would otherwise be no case for the defendant to answer in relation to that offence.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-6A-4">
<num>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">4</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">The charge of the relevant offence is not to be dismissed under paragraph 2 of Schedule 3 to the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (unless the section 5 offence is dismissed).</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-6A-5">
<num>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799">5</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-de1c9f8d4666dfb4f557abe8952d2870-1521713525799 last">At the defendant's trial the question whether there is a case for the defendant to answer on the charge of the relevant offence is not to be considered before the close of all the evidence (or, if at some earlier time the defendant ceases to be charged with the section 5 offence, before that earlier time).</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-7" period="#period2">
<num>7</num>
<heading>
<ins class="substitution key-3fdc9d6afe4fbf1a56aefb5a07639224-1521731352965 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-3fdc9d6afe4fbf1a56aefb5a07639224" marker="F15" class="commentary attribute F"/>
Evidence and procedure in cases of death: Northern Ireland
</ins>
</heading>
<subsection eId="section-7-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>
Subsections (2) to (4) apply where a person (“
<term refersTo="#term-the-defendant">the defendant</term>
”) is charged in the same proceedings with an offence of murder or manslaughter and with an offence under section 5 in respect of the same death (“the section 5 offence”).
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-7-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>
Where by virtue of Article 4(4) of the Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1988 (
<abbr class="Acronym" title="Statutory Instrument">S.I.</abbr>
1988/1987 (N.I. 20)) a court or jury is permitted, in relation to the section 5 offence, to draw such inferences as appear proper from the defendant’s failure to give evidence or refusal to answer a question, the court or jury may also draw such inferences in determining whether he is guilty—
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-7-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>of murder or manslaughter, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-7-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>of any other offence of which he could lawfully be convicted on the charge of murder or manslaughter,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>even if there would otherwise be no case for him to answer in relation to that offence.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-7-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>
Where a magistrates' court is considering under Article 37 of the Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (
<abbr class="Acronym" title="Statutory Instrument">S.I.</abbr>
1981/1675 (N.I. 26)) whether to commit the defendant for trial for the offence of murder or manslaughter, if there is sufficient evidence to put him upon trial for the section 5 offence there is deemed to be sufficient evidence to put him upon trial for the offence of murder or manslaughter.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-7-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>At the defendant’s trial the question whether there is a case to answer on the charge of murder or manslaughter is not to be considered before the close of all the evidence (or, if at some earlier time he ceases to be charged with the section 5 offence, before that earlier time).</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-7-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>
An offence under section 5
<ins class="key-fa3b7c88f4759a5dfcd7a8e8377bd54b-1521731511619 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-fa3b7c88f4759a5dfcd7a8e8377bd54b" marker="F16" class="commentary attribute F"/>
of causing or allowing a person's death
</ins>
is an offence of homicide for the purposes of the following provisions—
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<wrapUp>
<blockList class="unordered">
<item>
<p>
Article 17 of the Criminal Justice (Children) (Northern Ireland) Order 1998 (
<abbr class="Acronym" title="Statutory Instrument">S.I.</abbr>
1998/1504 (N.I. 9)) (mode of trial of child for indictable offence);
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>Article 32 of that Order (power and duty to remit children to youth courts for sentence).</p>
</item>
</blockList>
</wrapUp>
</section>
<section eId="section-7A" period="#period6">
<num>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">7A</ins>
</num>
<heading>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047 first">
<noteRef href="#M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144" marker="F17" class="commentary attribute F"/>
Evidence and procedure in cases of serious physical harm: Northern Ireland
</ins>
</heading>
<subsection eId="section-7A-1">
<num>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">1</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">Subsections (3) to (5) apply where a person (“</ins>
<term refersTo="#term-the-defendant">
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">the defendant</ins>
</term>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">”) is charged in the same proceedings with a relevant offence and with an offence under section 5 in respect of the same harm (“the section 5 offence”).</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-7A-2">
<num>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">2</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">In this section “</ins>
<term refersTo="#term-relevant-offence">
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">relevant offence</ins>
</term>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">” means—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-7A-2-a">
<num>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">an offence under section 18 or 20 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861 (grievous bodily harm </ins>
<abbr title="et cetera" xml:lang="la">
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">etc.</ins>
</abbr>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">);</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-7A-2-b">
<num>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">an offence under Article 3 of the Criminal Attempts and Conspiracy (Northern Ireland) Order 1983 of attempting to commit murder.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-7A-2-c">
<num>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">
<ins class="key-b812f3a78ae99279ccc462d66e7c16d9-1687939619179 first">
<noteRef href="#key-b812f3a78ae99279ccc462d66e7c16d9" marker="F22" class="commentary attribute F"/>
c
</ins>
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">
<ins class="key-b812f3a78ae99279ccc462d66e7c16d9-1687939619179 last">an offence under section 28 of the Justice (Sexual Offences and Trafficking Victims) Act (Northern Ireland) 2022 (non-fatal strangulation or asphyxiation).</ins>
</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-7A-3">
<num>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">3</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">Where by virtue of Article 4(4) of the Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1988 a court or jury is permitted, in relation to the section 5 offence, to draw such inferences as appear proper from the defendant's failure to give evidence or refusal to answer a question, the court or jury may also draw such inferences in determining whether the defendant is guilty of a relevant offence, even if there would otherwise be no case for the defendant to answer in relation to that offence.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-7A-4">
<num>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">4</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">Where a magistrates' court is considering under Article 37 of the Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 whether to commit the defendant for trial for the relevant offence, if there is sufficient evidence to put the defendant on trial for the section 5 offence there is deemed to be sufficient evidence to put the defendant on trial for the relevant offence.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-7A-5">
<num>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">5</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">The power of a judge of the Crown Court under section 2(3) of the Grand Jury (Abolition) Act (Northern Ireland) 1969 (entry of “No Bill”)is not to be exercised in relation to a relevant offence unless it is also exercised in relation to the section 5 offence.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-7A-6">
<num>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047">6</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="M_F_205de13b-1a62-42c6-d25f-c631058ef144-1521731760047 last">At the defendant's trial the question whether there is a case for the defendant to answer on the charge of the relevant offence is not to be considered before the close of all the evidence (or, if at some earlier time the defendant ceases to be charged with the section 5 offence, before that earlier time).</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-8" period="#period1">
<num>8</num>
<heading>
Evidence and procedure:
<ins class="substitution d29p518 first last">
<noteRef href="#c21160731" marker="F1" class="commentary attribute F"/>
the Court Martial
</ins>
</heading>
<subsection eId="section-8-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>
Section 6(1), (2) and (4) has effect in relation to proceedings before
<ins class="substitution d29p531 first last">
<noteRef href="#c21160791" marker="F2" class="commentary attribute F"/>
the Court Martial
</ins>
with the following adaptations.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-8-2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c21163141" marker="C1" class="commentary C"/>
<ins class="substitution d29p535 first">
<noteRef href="#c21160811" marker="F3" class="commentary attribute F"/>
2
</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="substitution d29p535">A reference to an offence—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-8-2-a">
<num>
<ins class="substitution d29p535">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="substitution d29p535">of murder,</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-8-2-b">
<num>
<ins class="substitution d29p535">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="substitution d29p535">of manslaughter, or</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-8-2-c">
<num>
<ins class="substitution d29p535">c</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="substitution d29p535">under section 5,</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>
<ins class="substitution d29p535 last">is to be read as a reference to an offence under section 42 of the Armed Forces Act 2006 as respects which the corresponding offence under the law of England and Wales (within the meaning given by that section) is that offence.</ins>
</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-8-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>A reference to the court or jury is to be read as a reference to the court.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-8-4">
<num>
<ins class="key-5d9d5f4090567f9c4bad264d1c30ee5a-1521713614674 first">
<noteRef href="#key-5d9d5f4090567f9c4bad264d1c30ee5a" marker="F6" class="commentary attribute F"/>
4
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-5d9d5f4090567f9c4bad264d1c30ee5a-1521713614674">Section 6A(1), (3) and (5) has effect in relation to proceedings before the Court Martial with the following adaptations.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-8-5">
<num>
<ins class="key-5d9d5f4090567f9c4bad264d1c30ee5a-1521713614674">5</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="key-5d9d5f4090567f9c4bad264d1c30ee5a-1521713614674">A reference to an offence—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-8-5-a">
<num>
<ins class="key-5d9d5f4090567f9c4bad264d1c30ee5a-1521713614674">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-5d9d5f4090567f9c4bad264d1c30ee5a-1521713614674">listed in section 6A(2), or</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-8-5-b">
<num>
<ins class="key-5d9d5f4090567f9c4bad264d1c30ee5a-1521713614674">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-5d9d5f4090567f9c4bad264d1c30ee5a-1521713614674">under section 5,</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>
<ins class="key-5d9d5f4090567f9c4bad264d1c30ee5a-1521713614674">is to be read as a reference to an offence under section 42 of the Armed Forces Act 2006 as respects which the corresponding offence under the law of England and Wales (within the meaning given by that section) is that offence.</ins>
</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-8-6">
<num>
<ins class="key-5d9d5f4090567f9c4bad264d1c30ee5a-1521713614674">6</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-5d9d5f4090567f9c4bad264d1c30ee5a-1521713614674 last">A reference to the court or jury is to be read as a reference to the court.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
</hcontainer>
</part>
</portionBody>
</portion>
</akomaNtoso>