Income Tax Act 2007

Part 13 U.K. Tax avoidance

Chapter 1 U.K. Transactions in securities

[F1 Introduction U.K.

Textual Amendments

F1 Ss. 682-687 and cross-headings substituted (8.4.2010 with effect in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 15(1) of the amending Act) for s. 682-694 and cross-headings by Finance Act 2010 (c. 13), Sch. 12 para. 2

682 Overview of Chapter U.K.

This Chapter makes provision for counteracting income tax advantages from transactions in securities.

683 Provisions of Chapter U.K.

(1) Sections 684 to 687 specify when a person is liable to counteraction of income tax advantages from transactions in securities.

(2) Sections 695 to 700 make provision about the procedure for counteraction of such income tax advantages.

(3) Sections 701 and 702 make provision for a clearance procedure.

(4) Section 705 makes provision for appeals against counteraction notices.

(5) Sections 712 deals with cases in which a person liable to counteraction dies.

(6) Section 713 contains interpretative provisions.

Person liable to counteraction of income tax advantages U.K.

684 Person liable to counteraction of income tax advantage U.K.

(1) This section applies to a person where—

(a) the person is a party to a transaction in securities or two or more transactions in securities (see subsection (2)),

(b) the circumstances are covered by section 685 and not excluded by section 686,

(c) the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, of the person in being a party to the transaction in securities, or any of the transactions in securities, is to obtain an income tax advantage, and

(d) the person obtains an income tax advantage in consequence of the transaction or the combined effect of the transactions.

(2) In this Chapter “transaction in securities” means a transaction, of whatever description, relating to securities, and includes in particular—

(a) the purchase, sale or exchange of securities,

(b) issuing or securing the issue of new securities,

(c) applying or subscribing for new securities, and

(d) altering or securing the alteration of the rights attached to securities.

(3) Section 687 defines “income tax advantage”.

(4) This section is subject to—

• section 696(3) (disapplication of this section where person receiving preliminary notification that section 684 may apply makes statutory declaration and relevant officer of Revenue and Customs sees no reason to take further action), and

• section 697(5) (determination by tribunal that there is no prima facie case that section 684 applies).

685 Receipt of consideration in connection with distribution by or assets of close company U.K.

(1) The circumstances covered by this section are circumstances where condition A or condition B is met.

(2) Condition A is that, as a result of the transaction in securities or any one or more of the transactions in securities, the person receives relevant consideration in connection with—

(a) the distribution, transfer or realisation of assets of a close company,

(b) the application of assets of a close company in discharge of liabilities, or

(c) the direct or indirect transfer of assets of one close company to another close company,

and does not pay or bear income tax on the consideration (apart from this Chapter).

(3) Condition B is that—

(a) the person receives relevant consideration in connection with the transaction in securities or any one or more of the transactions in securities,

(b) two or more close companies are concerned in the transaction or transactions in securities concerned, and

(c) the person does not pay or bear income tax on the consideration (apart from this Chapter).

(4) In a case within subsection (2)(a) or (b) “relevant consideration” means consideration which—

(a) is or represents the value of—

(i) assets which are available for distribution by way of dividend by the company, or

(ii) assets which would have been so available apart from anything done by the company,

(b) is received in respect of future receipts of the company, or

(c) is or represents the value of trading stock of the company.

(5) In a case within subsection (2)(c) or (3) “relevant consideration” means consideration which consists of any share capital or any security issued by a close company and which is or represents the value of assets which—

(a) are available for distribution by way of dividend by the company,

(b) would have been so available apart from anything done by the company, or

(c) are trading stock of the company.

(6) The references in subsection (2)(a) and (b) to assets do not include assets which are shown to represent a return of sums paid by subscribers on the issue of securities, despite the fact that under the law of the country in which the company is incorporated assets of that description are available for distribution by way of dividend.

(7) So far as subsection (2)(c) or (3) relates to share capital other than redeemable share capital, it applies only so far as the share capital is repaid (on a winding up or otherwise); and for this purpose any distribution made in respect of any shares on a winding up or dissolution of the company is to be treated as a repayment of share capital.

(8) References in this section to the receipt of consideration include references to the receipt of any money or money's worth.

(9) In this section—

• “security” includes securities not creating or evidencing a charge on assets;

• “share” includes stock and any other interest of a member in a company.

686 Excluded circumstances: fundamental change of ownership U.K.

(1) Circumstances are excluded by this section if—

(a) immediately before the transaction in securities (or the first of the transactions in securities) the person (referred to in this section as “the party”) holds shares or an interest in shares in the close company, and

(b) there is a fundamental change of ownership of the close company.

(2) There is a fundamental change of ownership of the close company if—

(a) as a result of the transaction or transactions in securities, conditions A, B and C are met, and

(b) those conditions continue to be met for a period of 2 years.

(3) Condition A is that at least 75% of the ordinary share capital of the close company is held beneficially by—

(a) a person who is not connected with the party and has not been so connected within the period of 2 years ending with the day on which the transaction in securities (or the first of the transactions in securities) takes place, or

(b) persons none of whom is so connected or has been so connected within that period.

(4) Condition B is that shares in the close company held by that person or those persons carry an entitlement to at least 75% of the distributions which may be made by the company.

(5) Condition C is that shares so held carry at least 75% of the total voting rights in the close company.

687 Income tax advantage U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter the person obtains an income tax advantage if—

(a) the amount of any income tax which would be payable by the person in respect of the relevant consideration if it constituted a qualifying distribution exceeds the amount of any capital gains tax payable in respect of it, or

(b) income tax would be payable by the person in respect of the relevant consideration if it constituted a qualifying distribution and no capital gains tax is payable in respect of it.

(2) So much of the relevant consideration as exceeds the maximum amount that could in any circumstances have been paid to the person by way of a qualifying distribution at the time when the relevant consideration is received is to be left out of account for the purposes of subsection (1).

(3) The amount of the income tax advantage is the amount of the excess or (if no capital gains tax is payable) the amount of the income tax which would be payable.

(4) In this section “relevant consideration” has the same meaning as in section 685.]

F1 688 Receipt of consideration representing company's assets, future receipts or trading stock (circumstance C) U.K.

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F1 689 Receipt of consideration in connection with relevant company distribution (circumstance D) U.K.

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F1 690 Receipt of assets of relevant company (circumstance E) U.K.

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F1 691 Meaning of “relevant company” in sections 689 and 690 U.K.

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F1 692 Abnormal dividends: general U.K.

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F1 693 Abnormal dividends: the excessive return condition U.K.

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F1 694 Abnormal dividends: the excessive accrual condition U.K.

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Procedure for counteraction of income tax advantages U.K.

695 Preliminary notification that section 684 may apply U.K.

(1) An officer of Revenue and Customs must notify a person if the officer has reason to believe that—

(a) section 684 (person liable to counteraction of income tax advantage) may apply to the person in respect of a transaction or transactions, and

(b) a counteraction notice ought to be served on the person under section 698 about the transaction or transactions.

(2) The notification must specify the transaction or transactions.

(3) See section 698 for the serving of counteraction notices, and sections 696 and 697 for cases where the person on whom the notice under this section is served disagrees that section 684 applies.

696 Opposed notifications: statutory declarations U.K.

(1) If a person on whom a notification is served under section 695 is of the opinion that section 684 (person liable to counteraction of income tax advantage) does not apply to the person in respect of the transaction or transactions specified in the notification, the person may—

(a) make a statutory declaration to that effect, stating the facts and circumstances on which the opinion is based, and

(b) send it to the officer of Revenue and Customs.

(2) Such a declaration must be sent within 30 days of the issue of the notification.

(3) If the person sends that declaration to the officer and the officer sees no reason to take further action—

(a) section 684 does not so apply, and

(b) accordingly no counteraction notice may be served on the person under section 698 about the transaction or transactions.

697 Opposed notifications: determinations by tribunal U.K.

(1) This section applies if the officer of Revenue and Customs receiving a statutory declaration under section 696(1) sees reason to take further action about the transaction or transactions in question.

(2) The officer must send the tribunal F2 ... a certificate to that effect, together with the statutory declaration.

(3) The officer may also send the tribunal a counter-statement with the certificate.

(4) The tribunal must—

(a) consider the declaration and certificate and any counter-statement, and

(b) determine whether there is a prima facie case for the officer to take further action on the basis that section 684 (person liable to counteraction of income tax advantage) applies to the person by whom the declaration was made in respect of the transaction or transactions in question.

(5) If the tribunal determines that there is no such case—

(a) section 684 does not so apply, and

(b) accordingly no counteraction notice may be served on the person under section 698 about the transaction or transactions.

(6) But such a determination does not affect the application of sections 684 and 698 in respect of transactions including not only the ones to which the determination relates but also others.

Textual Amendments

F2 Words in s. 697(2) omitted (1.4.2009) by virtue of The Transfer of Tribunal Functions and Revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/56), art. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 456

698 Counteraction notices U.K.

(1) If—

(a) a person on whom a notification is served under section 695 does not send a statutory declaration to an officer of Revenue and Customs under section 696 within 30 days of the issue of the notification, or

(b) the tribunal [F3 having been sent such a declaration] under section 697 determines that there is a prima facie case for serving a notice on a person under this section,

the income tax advantage in question is to be counteracted by adjustments.

(2) The adjustments required to be made to counteract the income tax advantage and the basis on which they are to be made are to be specified in a notice served on the person by an officer of Revenue and Customs.

(3) In this Chapter such a notice is referred to as a “counteraction notice”.

(4) Any of the following adjustments may be specified—

(a) an assessment,

(b) the nullifying of a right to repayment,

(c) the requiring of the return of a repayment already made, or

(d) the calculation or recalculation of profits or gains or liability to income tax.

(5) Nothing in this section authorises the making of an assessment later than 6 years after the tax year to which the income tax advantage relates.

(6) This section is subject to—

• F4 ...

• section 700 (timing of assessments F5 ...), and

• section 702(2) (effect of clearance notification under section 701).

(7) But no other provision in the Income Tax Acts is to be read as limiting the powers conferred by this section.

Textual Amendments

F3 Words in s. 698(1)(b) substituted (1.4.2009) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions and Revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/56), art. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 457

F4 Words in s. 698(6) omitted (8.4.2010 with effect in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 15(1) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2010 (c. 13), Sch. 12 para. 3(a)

F5 Words in s. 698(6) omitted (8.4.2010 with effect in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 15(1) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2010 (c. 13), Sch. 12 para. 3(b)

F6 699 Limit on amount assessed in section 689 and 690 cases U.K.

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Textual Amendments

F6 S. 699 omitted (8.4.2010 with effect in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 15(1) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2010 (c. 13), Sch. 12 para. 4

700 Timing of assessments F7 ... U.K.

(1) This section applies if section 684 (person liable to counteraction of income tax advantage) applies to a person because the person is in a position to obtain or has obtained an income tax advantage by falling within the circumstances mentioned in section [F8 685(2)(c) or (3)] when share capital is repaid.

(2) An assessment to income tax made in accordance with a counteraction notice must be an assessment for the tax year in which the repayment occurs.

(3) The references in this section to the repayment of share capital include references to any distribution made in respect of any shares in a winding up or dissolution of the company.

(4) In subsection (3) “shares” includes stock and any other interest of a member in a company.

Textual Amendments

F7 Words in s. 700 heading omitted (8.4.2010 with effect in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 15(1) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2010 (c. 13), Sch. 12 para. 5(b)

F8 Words in s. 700(1) substituted (8.4.2010 with effect in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 15(1) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2010 (c. 13), Sch. 12 para. 5(a)

Clearance procedure F9 ... U.K.

Textual Amendments

F9 Words in s. 701 heading omitted (retrospective to 1.4.2009) by virtue of Finance Act 2010 (c. 13), Sch. 12 paras. 6, 15(2)

701 Application for clearance of transactions U.K.

(1) A person may provide the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs with particulars of a transaction or transactions effected or to be effected by the person in order to obtain a notification about them under this section.

(2) If the Commissioners consider that the particulars, or any further information provided under this subsection, are insufficient for the purposes of this section, they must notify the person what further information they require for those purposes within 30 days of receiving the particulars or further information.

(3) If any such further information is not provided within 30 days from the notification, or such further time as the Commissioners allow, they need not proceed further under this section.

(4) The Commissioners must notify the person whether they are satisfied that the transaction or transactions, as described in the particulars, were or will be such that no counteraction notice ought to be served about the transaction or transactions.

(5) The notification must be given within 30 days of receipt of the particulars, or, if subsection (2) applies, of all further information required.

702 Effect of clearance notification under section 701 U.K.

(1) This section applies if the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs notify a person under section 701 that they are satisfied that a transaction or transactions, as described in the particulars provided under that section, were or will be such that no counteraction notice ought to be served about the transaction or transactions.

(2) No such notice may be served on the person in respect of the transaction or transactions.

(3) But the notification does not prevent such a notice being served on the person in respect of transactions including not only the ones to which the notification relates but also others.

(4) The notification is void if the particulars and any further information given under section 701 about the transaction or transactions do not fully and accurately disclose all facts and considerations which are material for the purposes of that section.

F10 703 Power to obtain information U.K.

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Textual Amendments

F10 S. 703 omitted (13.8.2009) by virtue of The Finance Act 2009, Schedule 47 (Consequential Amendments) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2035), art. 1, Sch. para. 49

F11 ... U.K.

Textual Amendments

F11 S. 704 and cross-heading omitted (1.4.2009) by virtue of The Transfer of Tribunal Functions and Revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/56), art. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 458

F11 704 The tribunal U.K.

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Appeals U.K.

705 Appeals against counteraction notices U.K.

(1) A person on whom a counteraction notice has been served may appeal F12 ... on the grounds that—

(a) section 684 (person liable to counteraction of income tax advantage) does not apply to the person in respect of the transaction or transactions in question, or

(b) the adjustments directed to be made are inappropriate.

(2) Such an appeal may be made only by giving notice to the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs within 30 days of the service of the counteraction notice.

(3) On an appeal under this section [F13 that is notified to the tribunal, the tribunal] may—

(a) affirm, vary or cancel the counteraction notice, or

(b) affirm, vary or quash an assessment made in accordance with the notice.

(4) But the bringing of an appeal under this section F14 ... does not affect—

(a) the validity of the counteraction notice, or

(b) the validity of any other thing done under or in accordance with section 698 (counteraction notices),

pending the determination of the proceedings.

Textual Amendments

F12 Words in s. 705(1) omitted (1.4.2009) by virtue of The Transfer of Tribunal Functions and Revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/56), art. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 459(2)

F13 Words in s. 705(3) substituted (1.4.2009) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions and Revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/56), art. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 459(3)

F14 Words in s. 705(4) omitted (1.4.2009) by virtue of The Transfer of Tribunal Functions and Revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/56), art. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 459(4)

F15 706 Rehearing by tribunal of appeal against counteraction notice U.K.

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Textual Amendments

F15 Ss. 706-711 omitted (1.4.2009) by virtue of The Transfer of Tribunal Functions and Revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/56), art. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 460

F15 707 Statement of case by tribunal for opinion of High Court or Court of Session U.K.

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Textual Amendments

F15 Ss. 706-711 omitted (1.4.2009) by virtue of The Transfer of Tribunal Functions and Revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/56), art. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 460

F15 708 Cases before High Court or Court of Session U.K.

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Textual Amendments

F15 Ss. 706-711 omitted (1.4.2009) by virtue of The Transfer of Tribunal Functions and Revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/56), art. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 460

F15 709 Effect of appeals against tribunal's determination under section 706 U.K.

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Textual Amendments

F15 Ss. 706-711 omitted (1.4.2009) by virtue of The Transfer of Tribunal Functions and Revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/56), art. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 460

F15 710 Appeals from High Court or Court of Session U.K.

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Textual Amendments

F15 Ss. 706-711 omitted (1.4.2009) by virtue of The Transfer of Tribunal Functions and Revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/56), art. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 460

F15 711 Proceedings in Northern Ireland U.K.

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Textual Amendments

F15 Ss. 706-711 omitted (1.4.2009) by virtue of The Transfer of Tribunal Functions and Revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/56), art. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 460

Supplementary U.K.

712 Application of Chapter where individual within section 684 dies U.K.

(1) This section applies if an individual to whom section 684 (person liable to counteraction of income tax advantage) applies (or may apply) has died.

(2) Any notice or notification to the individual under this Chapter may be given to the individual's personal representatives.

(3) The provisions of this Chapter relating to any such notice or notification, to the making of a statutory declaration, to rights of appeal and to the giving of information must be read accordingly.

713 Interpretation of Chapter U.K.

In this Chapter—

• [F16 “close company” includes a company that would be a close company if it were resident in the United Kingdom,]

• “company” includes any body corporate,

• “dividends” includes references to other qualifying distributions and to interest,

• “securities”—

  (a)

  includes shares and stock, and

  (b)

  in relation to a company not limited by shares (whether or not it has a share capital) also includes a reference to the interest of a member of the company as such, whatever the form of that interest,

• “trading stock” has the meaning given by section 174 of ITTOIA 2005, and

• F17 ...

Textual Amendments

F16 Words in s. 713 inserted (8.4.2010 with effect in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 15(1) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2010 (c. 13), Sch. 12 para. 7(2)

F17 Words in s. 713 omitted (8.4.2010 with effect in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 15(1) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2010 (c. 13), Sch. 12 para. 7(3)

Chapter 2 U.K. Transfer of assets abroad

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 Pt. 13 Ch. 2 applied by 1988 c. 1, s. 762ZA (as inserted (21.7.2008 with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 98 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2008 (c. 9), Sch. 7 para. 94)

C2 Pt. 13 Ch. 2 applied (with effect in accordance with art. 1(2)(3) Sch. 1 of the amending S.I.) by The Offshore Funds (Tax) Regulations 2009 (S.I. 2009/3001), regs. 1(1), 21

Introduction U.K.

714 Overview of Chapter U.K.

(1) This Chapter imposes a charge to income tax on—

(a) individuals to whom income is treated as arising under section 721 (individuals with power to enjoy income as a result of relevant transactions),

(b) individuals to whom income is treated as arising under section 728 (individuals receiving capital sums as a result of relevant transactions), and

(c) individuals to whom income is treated as arising under section 732 (non-transferors receiving a benefit as a result of relevant transactions).

(2) The charges apply only if a relevant transfer occurs, and they operate by reference to income of a person abroad that is connected with the transfer or another relevant transaction.

(3) For the meaning of “relevant transaction”, “relevant transfer” and “person abroad”, see sections 715, 716 and 718 respectively.

(4) In this Chapter references to individuals include their spouses or civil partners.

715 Meaning of “relevant transaction” U.K.

(1) A transaction is a relevant transaction for the purposes of this Chapter if it is—

(a) a relevant transfer, or

(b) an associated operation.

(2) For the meaning of “relevant transfer” and “associated operation”, see sections 716 and 719 respectively.

716 Meaning of “relevant transfer” and “transfer” U.K.

(1) A transfer is a relevant transfer for the purposes of this Chapter if—

(a) it is a transfer of assets, and

(b) as a result of—

(i) the transfer,

(ii) one or more associated operations, or

(iii) the transfer and one or more associated operations,

income becomes payable to a person abroad.

(2) In this Chapter “transfer”, in relation to rights, includes the creation of the rights.

(3) For the meaning of “assets”, see section 717.

717 Meaning of “assets” etc U.K.

In this Chapter—

(a) “assets” includes property or rights of any kind, and

(b) references to assets representing any assets, income or accumulations of income include references to—

(i) shares in or obligations of any company to which the assets, income or accumulations are or have been transferred, or

(ii) obligations of any other person to whom the assets, income or accumulations are or have been transferred.

718 Meaning of “person abroad” etc U.K.

[F18 (1) In this Chapter “person abroad” means—

(a) a person who is resident outside the United Kingdom, or

(b) an individual who is domiciled outside the United Kingdom.]

(2) For the purposes of this Chapter, the following persons are treated as resident outside the United Kingdom—

F19 (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) the person treated as [F20 non-UK resident] under section 475(3) (trustees of settlements), and

(c) persons treated as non-UK resident under section 834(4) (personal representatives).

Textual Amendments

F18 S. 718(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 9(1) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 2(2)

F19 S. 718(2)(a) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 9(1) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 2(3)

F20 Words in s. 718(2)(b) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 46 para. 72 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 46 para. 59 (with Sch. 46 para. 73)

719 Meaning of “associated operation” U.K.

(1) In this Chapter “associated operation”, in relation to a transfer of assets, means an operation of any kind effected by any person in relation to—

(a) any of the assets transferred,

(b) any assets directly or indirectly representing any of the assets transferred,

(c) the income arising from any assets within paragraph (a) or (b), or

(d) any assets directly or indirectly representing the accumulations of income arising from any assets within paragraph (a) or (b).

(2) It does not matter whether the operation is effected before, after or at the same time as the transfer.

Charge where power to enjoy income U.K.

720 Charge to tax on income treated as arising under section 721 U.K.

(1) The charge under this section applies for the purpose of preventing the avoiding of liability to income tax by individuals who are F21 ... UK resident by means of relevant transfers.

(2) Income tax is charged on income treated as arising to such an individual under section 721 (individuals with power to enjoy income as a result of relevant transactions).

(3) Tax is charged under this section on the amount of income treated as arising in the tax year.

(4) But see section 724 (special rules where benefit provided out of income of person abroad) [F22 and section 726 (non-UK domiciled individuals to whom remittance basis applies)].

(5) The person liable for any tax charged under this section is the individual to whom the income is treated as arising.

(6) For rules about the reduction in the amount charged in some circumstances and the availability of deductions and reliefs, see—

• section 725 (reduction in amount charged where controlled foreign company involved), and

• section 746 (deductions and reliefs where individual charged under this section or section 727).

(7) For exemptions from the charge under this section, see sections 736 to [F23 742A] (exemptions where no tax avoidance purpose or genuine commercial transaction [F24 etc]).

Textual Amendments

F21 Word in s. 720(1) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 46 para. 72 of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 46 para. 60 (with Sch. 46 para. 73)

F22 Words in s. 720(4) inserted (21.7.2008 with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 170 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2008 (c. 9), Sch. 7 para. 164

F23 Word in s. 720(7) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 9(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 3(a)

F24 Word in s. 720(7) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 9(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 3(b)

721 Individuals with power to enjoy income as a result of relevant transactions U.K.

(1) Income is treated as arising to such an individual as is mentioned in section 720(1) in a tax year for income tax purposes if [F25 conditions A to C] are met.

(2) Condition A is that the individual has power in the tax year to enjoy income of a person abroad as a result of—

(a) a relevant transfer,

(b) one or more associated operations, or

(c) a relevant transfer and one or more associated operations.

(3) Condition B is that the income [F26 of the person abroad] would be chargeable to income tax if it were the individual's and received by the individual in the United Kingdom.

[F27 (3A) Condition C is that the individual is UK resident for the tax year.]

[F28 (3B) The amount of the income treated as arising under subsection (1) is equal to the amount of the income of the person abroad (subject to sections 724 and 725).

(3C) Subsection (1) does not apply if—

(a) the individual is liable for income tax charged on the income of the person abroad by virtue of a charge not contained in this Chapter, and

(b) all that income tax has been paid.]

(4) For the purposes of subsection (2), it does not matter whether the income [F29 of the person abroad] may be enjoyed immediately or only later.

(5) It does not matter for the purposes of this section—

F30 (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F31 (b) whether the individual is UK resident for the tax year in which the relevant transfer is made (if different from the tax year mentioned in subsection (1)), or]

(c) whether the avoiding of liability to income tax is a purpose for which the transfer is effected.

(6) For the circumstances in which an individual is treated as having the power to enjoy income for the purposes of this section, see section 722.

Textual Amendments

F25 Words in s. 721(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 46 para. 72 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 46 para. 61(2) (with Sch. 46 para. 73)

F26 Words in s. 721(3) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 10(2)

F27 S. 721(3A) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 46 para. 72 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 46 para. 61(3) (with Sch. 46 para. 73)

F28 S. 721(3B)(3C) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 paras. 20, 21(1) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 10(3)

F29 Words in s. 721(4) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 10(4)

F30 S. 721(5)(a) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 paras. 20, 21(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 10(5)

F31 S. 721(5)(b) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 46 para. 72 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 46 para. 61(4) (with Sch. 46 para. 73)

722 When an individual has power to enjoy income of person abroad U.K.

(1) For the purposes of section 721, an individual is treated as having power to enjoy income of a person abroad if any of the enjoyment conditions are met.

(2) In subsection (1) “the enjoyment conditions” means conditions A to E as specified in section 723.

(3) In determining whether an individual has power to enjoy income for the purposes of section 721, regard must be had to the substantial result and effect of all the relevant transactions.

(4) In making that determination all benefits which may at any time accrue to the individual as a result of the transfer and any associated operations must be taken into account, irrespective of—

(a) the nature or form of the benefits, or

(b) whether the individual has legal or equitable rights in respect of the benefits.

723 The enjoyment conditions U.K.

(1) Condition A is that the income is in fact so dealt with by any person as to be calculated at some time to enure for the benefit of the individual, whether in the form of income or not.

(2) Condition B is that the receipt or accrual of the income operates to increase the value to the individual—

(a) of any assets the individual holds, or

(b) of any assets held for the individual's benefit.

(3) Condition C is that the individual receives or is entitled to receive at any time any benefit provided or to be provided out of the income or related money.

(4) In subsection (3) “related money” means money which is or will be available for the purpose of providing the benefit as a result of the effect or successive effects—

(a) on the income, and

(b) on any assets which directly or indirectly represent the income,

of the associated operations referred to in section 721(2).

(5) Condition D is that the individual may become entitled to the beneficial enjoyment of the income if one or more powers are exercised or successively exercised.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5) it does not matter—

(a) who may exercise the powers, or

(b) whether they are exercisable with or without the consent of another person.

(7) Condition E is that the individual is able in any manner to control directly or indirectly the application of the income.

724 Special rules where benefit provided out of income of person abroad U.K.

(1) This section applies if an individual has power to enjoy income of a person abroad for the purposes of section 721 because of receiving any such benefit as is referred to in section 723(3) (benefit provided out of income of person abroad).

(2) Despite anything in section 720, the individual is liable to income tax under that section for the tax year in which the benefit is received on [F32 an amount equal to] the whole of the amount or value of that benefit.

(3) But subsection (2) does not apply so far as it is shown that the benefit derives directly or indirectly from income [F33 by reference to] which the individual has already been charged to income tax for that tax year or a previous tax year [F34 under this Chapter].

Textual Amendments

F32 Words in s. 724(2) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 11(2)

F33 Words in s. 724(3) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 11(3)(a)

F34 Words in s. 724(3) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 11(3)(b)

725 Reduction in amount charged where controlled foreign company involved U.K.

[F35 (1) This section applies if—

(a) under Part 9A of TIOPA 2010 (controlled foreign companies), the CFC charge is charged in relation to a CFC's accounting period,

[F36 (b) an amount of income is treated as arising to an individual under section 721 for a tax year, and

(c) the income mentioned in section 721(2) is or includes a sum forming part of the CFC's chargeable profits for that accounting period.]]

(2) The amount of income so treated is reduced by—

where—

S is the sum forming part of the [F37 CFC's] chargeable profits for that accounting period,

CA is the [F38 CFC's chargeable profits for that accounting period so far as apportioned to chargeable companies at step 3 in section 371BC(1) of TIOPA 2010], and

CP is the [F37 CFC's] chargeable profits for that accounting period.

[F39 (2A) In a case in which section 724 applies, the reference to S in the formula in subsection (2) is to be read as a reference to X% of S.

(2B) “X%” is determined as follows—

where—

A is the amount on which the individual is liable as determined under section 724(2), and

I is the amount of the income mentioned in section 721(2).]

[F40 (3) Terms used in this section which are defined in Part 9A of TIOPA 2010 have the same meaning as in that Part.]

Textual Amendments

F35 S. 725(1) substituted (17.7.2012) by Finance Act 2012 (c. 14), Sch. 20 para. 22(2) (with Sch. 20 para. 50(9))

F36 S. 725(1)(b)(c) substituted for s. 725(1)(b) (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 12(2)(4) (with Sch. 10 para. 12(4)(5))

F37 Words in s. 725(2) substituted (17.7.2012) by Finance Act 2012 (c. 14), Sch. 20 para. 22(3)(a) (with Sch. 20 para. 50(9))

F38 Words in s. 725(2) substituted (17.7.2012) by Finance Act 2012 (c. 14), Sch. 20 para. 22(3)(b) (with Sch. 20 para. 50(9))

F39 S. 725(2A)(2B) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 12(3)

F40 S. 725(3) substituted (17.7.2012) by Finance Act 2012 (c. 14), Sch. 20 para. 22(4) (with Sch. 20 para. 50(9))

[F41 726 Non-UK domiciled individuals to whom remittance basis applies U.K.

[F42 (1) This section applies in relation to income treated under section 721 as arising to an individual in a tax year (“the deemed income”) if section 809B, 809D or 809E (remittance basis) applies to the individual for that year.]

(2) For the purposes of this section the deemed income is “foreign” if (and to [F43 the corresponding extent] that) the income mentioned in section 721(2) would be relevant foreign income if it were the individual's.

(3) Treat the foreign deemed income as relevant foreign income of the individual.

(4) For the purposes of Chapter A1 of Part 14 (remittance basis) treat so much of the income within section 721(2) as would be relevant foreign income if it were the individual's as deriving from the foreign deemed income.

[F44 (5) In the application of section 832 of ITTOIA 2005 to the foreign deemed income, subsection (2) of that section has effect with the omission of paragraph (b).]]

Textual Amendments

F41 S. 726 substituted (21.7.2008 with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 170 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2008 (c. 9), Sch. 7 para. 165

F42 S. 726(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 46 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 46 para. 19 (with Sch. 46 para. 26)

F43 Words in s. 726(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 13

F44 S. 726(5) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 45 para. 153(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 45 para. 91(2)

Charge where capital sums received U.K.

727 Charge to tax on income treated as arising under section 728 U.K.

(1) The charge under this section applies for the purpose of preventing the avoiding of liability to income tax by individuals who are F45 ... UK resident by means of relevant transfers.

(2) Income tax is charged on income treated as arising to such an individual under section 728 (individuals receiving capital sums as a result of relevant transactions).

(3) Tax is charged under this section on the amount of income treated as arising in the tax year.

[F46 (3A) But see section 730 (non-UK domiciled individuals to whom remittance basis applies).]

(4) The person liable for any tax charged under this section is the individual to whom the income is treated as arising.

(5) For exemptions from the charge under this section, see sections 736 to [F47 742A] (exemptions where no tax avoidance purpose or genuine commercial transaction [F48 , etc]).

(6) For rules about the availability of deductions and reliefs where income is charged under this section, see section 746 (deductions and reliefs where individual charged under section 720 or this section).

Textual Amendments

F45 Word in s. 727(1) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 46 para. 72 of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 46 para. 62 (with Sch. 46 para. 73)

F46 S. 727(3A) inserted (21.7.2008 with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 170 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2008 (c. 9), Sch. 7 para. 166

F47 Word in s. 727(5) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 9(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 4(a)

F48 Word in s. 727(5) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 9(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 4(b)

728 Individuals receiving capital sums as a result of relevant transactions U.K.

(1) Income is treated as arising to such an individual as is referred to in section 727(1) in a tax year for income tax purposes if—

(a) income has become the income of a person abroad as a result of—

(i) a relevant transfer,

(ii) one or more associated operations, or

(iii) a relevant transfer and one or more associated operations, F49 ...

(b) the capital receipt conditions are met in respect of the individual in the tax year (see section 729) [F50 , and

(c) the individual is UK resident for the tax year].

[F51 (1A) The amount of the income treated as arising under subsection (1) is equal to the amount of the income of the person abroad (subject to subsection (2)).]

(2) Section 725 (reduction in amount charged where controlled foreign company involved) applies for determining the amount of income treated as arising under subsection (1) as [F52 if—

(a) in subsection (1) of that section—

(i) the reference to section 721 were a reference to this section, and

(ii) the reference to section 721(2) were a reference to subsection (1)(a) of this section, and

(b) subsections (2A) and (2B) of that section were omitted.]

[F53 (2A) Subsection (1) does not apply if—

(a) the individual is liable for income tax charged on the income of the person abroad by virtue of a charge not contained in this Chapter, and

(b) all that income tax has been paid.]

(3) It does not matter for the purposes of this section—

F54 (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F55 (b) whether the individual is UK resident for the tax year in which the relevant transfer abroad is made (if different from the tax year mentioned in subsection (1)), or]

(c) whether the avoiding of liability to income tax is a purpose for which that transfer is effected.

Textual Amendments

F49 Word in s. 728(1)(a)(iii) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 46 para. 72 of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 46 para. 63(2)(a) (with Sch. 46 para. 73)

F50 S. 728(1)(c) and word inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 46 para. 72 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 46 para. 63(2)(b) (with Sch. 46 para. 73)

F51 S. 728(1A) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 14(2)

F52 Words in s. 728(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 14(3)

F53 S. 728(2A) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 paras. 20, 21(1) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 14(4)

F54 S. 728(3)(a) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 paras. 20, 21(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 14(5)

F55 S. 728(3)(b) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 46 para. 72 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 46 para. 63(3)(b) (with Sch. 46 para. 73)

729 The capital receipt conditions U.K.

(1) For the purposes of section 728(1), the capital receipt conditions are met in respect of the individual in a tax year (“the relevant year”) if—

(a) either—

(i) in the relevant year the individual receives or is entitled to receive any capital sum, whether before or after the relevant transfer, or

(ii) in any earlier tax year the individual has received any capital sum, whether before or after the relevant transfer, and

(b) the payment of that sum is (or, in the case of an entitlement, would be) in any way connected with any relevant transaction.

(2) But subsection (1)(a)(ii) does not apply merely because of the receipt of a sum by way of loan if the loan is wholly repaid before the relevant year begins.

(3) In subsection (1) “capital sum” means—

(a) any sum paid or payable by way of loan or repayment of a loan, and

(b) any other sum paid or payable—

(i) otherwise than as income, and

(ii) not for full consideration in money or money's worth.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (1), a sum is treated as a capital sum which the individual (“A”) receives or is entitled to receive if another person receives or is entitled to receive it—

(a) at A's direction, or

(b) as a result of the assignment by A of A's right to receive it.

[F56 730 Non-UK domiciled individuals to whom remittance basis applies U.K.

[F57 (1) This section applies in relation to income treated under section 728 as arising to an individual in a tax year (“the deemed income”) if section 809B, 809D or 809E (remittance basis) applies to the individual for that year.]

(2) For the purposes of this section the deemed income is “foreign” if (and to [F58 the corresponding extent] that) the income mentioned in section 728(1)(a) would be relevant foreign income if it were the individual's.

(3) Treat the foreign deemed income as relevant foreign income of the individual.

(4) For the purposes of Chapter A1 of Part 14 (remittance basis) treat so much of the income within section 728(1)(a) as would be relevant foreign income if it were the individual's as deriving from the foreign deemed income.

[F59 (5) In the application of section 832 of ITTOIA 2005 to the foreign deemed income, subsection (2) of that section has effect with the omission of paragraph (b).]]

Textual Amendments

F56 S. 730 substituted (21.7.2008 with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 170 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2008 (c. 9), Sch. 7 para. 167

F57 S. 730(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 46 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 46 para. 20 (with Sch. 46 para. 26)

F58 Words in s. 730(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 15

F59 S. 730(5) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 45 para. 153(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 45 para. 91(3)

Charge where benefit received U.K.

731 Charge to tax on income treated as arising under section 732 U.K.

(1) Income tax is charged on income treated as arising to an individual under section 732 (non-transferors receiving a benefit as a result of relevant transactions).

(2) Tax is charged under this section on the amount of income treated as arising for the tax year.

[F60 (2A) But see section 735 (non-UK domiciled individuals to whom remittance basis applies).]

(3) The person liable for any tax charged under this section is the individual to whom the income is treated as arising.

(4) For exemptions from the charge under this section, see sections 736 to [F61 742A] (exemptions where no tax avoidance purpose or genuine commercial transaction [F62 , etc]).

Textual Amendments

F60 S. 731(2A) inserted (21.7.2008 with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 170 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2008 (c. 9), Sch. 7 para. 168

F61 Word in s. 731(4) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 9(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 5(a)

F62 Word in s. 731(4) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 9(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 5(b)

732 Non-transferors receiving a benefit as a result of relevant transactions U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) a relevant transfer occurs,

(b) an individual who is [F63 UK resident for a tax year receives a benefit in that tax year],

(c) the benefit is provided out of assets which are available for the purpose as a result of—

(i) the transfer, or

(ii) one or more associated operations,

(d) the individual is not liable to income tax under section 720 or 727 by reference to the transfer and would not be so liable if the effect of sections 726 and 730 were ignored, and

(e) the individual is not liable to income tax on the amount or value of the benefit (apart from section 731).

(2) Income is treated as arising to the individual for income tax purposes for any tax year for which section 733 provides that income arises.

(3) Also see that section for the amount of income treated as arising for any such tax year.

Textual Amendments

F63 Words in s. 732(1)(b) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 46 para. 72 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 46 para. 64 (with Sch. 46 para. 73)

733 Income charged under section 731 U.K.

(1) To find the amount (if any) of the income treated as arising under section 732(2) for any tax year in respect of benefits provided as mentioned in section 732(1)(c) take the following steps.

Step 1

Identify the amount or value of such benefits received by the individual in the tax year and in any earlier tax years in which section 732 has applied.

The sum of those amounts and values is “the total benefits”.

Step 2

Deduct from the total benefits the total amount of income treated as arising to the individual under section 732(2) for earlier tax years as a result of the relevant transfer or associated operations.

The result is “the total untaxed benefits”.

Step 3

Identify the amount of any income which—

(a) arises in the tax year to a person abroad, and

(b) as a result of the relevant transfer or associated operations can be used directly or indirectly for providing a benefit for the individual.

That amount is “the relevant income of the tax year” in relation to the individual and the tax year.

Step 4

Add together the relevant income of the tax year and the relevant income of earlier tax years in relation to the individual (identified as mentioned in Step 3).

The sum of those amounts is “total relevant income”.

Step 5

Deduct from total relevant income—

(a) the amount deducted at Step 2, and

(b) any other amount which may not be taken into account because of section 743(1) and (2) (no duplication of charges).

The result is “the available relevant income”.

Step 6

Compare the total untaxed benefits and the available relevant income.

The amount of the income treated as arising under section 732(2) for any tax year is the total untaxed benefits unless the available relevant income is lower.

If the available relevant income is lower, it is the amount of income treated as so arising.

(2) Subsection (1) is subject to section 734 (reduction in amount charged: previous capital gains tax charge).

(3) See also section 740(5) to (7) (which makes provision about relevant income and benefits where relevant transactions include both transactions before 5 December 2005 and transactions after 4 December 2005 and exemptions under this Chapter cease to apply).

734 Reduction in amount charged: previous capital gains tax charge U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) benefits provided as mentioned in section 732(1)(c) are received in a tax year,

(b) for that tax year the whole or part of any benefits so provided is a capital payment to which section 87 or 89(2) of, or paragraph 8 of Schedule 4C to, TCGA 1992 applies (chargeable gains: gains attributed to beneficiaries),

(c) it is such a payment because the total untaxed benefits exceed the available relevant income (see Step 6 in section 733(1)) and so it is not treated as income arising to the individual under section 732(2), and

(d) because of that capital payment chargeable gains are treated as accruing to the individual in that or a subsequent tax year under any of the provisions referred to in paragraph (b).

(2) For any tax year after one in which such chargeable gains are so treated, the amount of income treated as arising to the individual under section 732(2) in respect of benefits provided as mentioned in section 732(1)(c) as a result of the transfer or operations in question is calculated as follows.

(3) The amount is calculated under section 733(1) as if the total untaxed benefits were reduced by the amount of those gains.

(4) In this section “the total untaxed benefits” and “the available relevant income” have the same meaning as in section 733(1) (see Steps 2 and 5).

[F64 (5) References in this section to chargeable gains treated as accruing to an individual include offshore income gains treated as arising to the individual (see [F65 regulations 20 and 22 to 24 of the Offshore Funds (Tax) Regulations 2009 (S.I. 2009/3001)]).]

Textual Amendments

F64 S. 734(5) inserted (21.7.2008 with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 98 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2008 (c. 9), Sch. 7 para. 97

F65 Words in s. 734(5) substituted (with effect in accordance with art. 1(2)(3) Sch. 1 of the amending S.I.) by The Offshore Funds (Tax) Regulations 2009 (S.I. 2009/3001), regs. 1(1), 129(5)

[F66 735 Non-UK domiciled individuals to whom remittance basis applies U.K.

[F67 (1) This section applies in relation to income treated under section 732 as arising to an individual in a tax year (“the deemed income”) if section 809B, 809D or 809E (remittance basis) applies to the individual for that year.]

(2) For the purposes of this section the deemed income is “foreign” if (and to the extent that) the relevant income to which it relates would be relevant foreign income if it were the individual's.

(3) Treat the foreign deemed income as relevant foreign income of the individual.

(4) For the purposes of Chapter A1 of Part 14 (remittance basis) treat relevant income, or a benefit, that relates to any part of the foreign deemed income as deriving from that part of the foreign deemed income.

[F68 (5) In the application of section 832 of ITTOIA 2005 to the foreign deemed income, subsection (2) of that section has effect with the omission of paragraph (b).]

Textual Amendments

F66 Ss. 735, 735A substituted (21.7.2008 with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 170 of the amending Act) for s. 735 by Finance Act 2008 (c. 9), Sch. 7 para. 169

F67 S. 735(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 46 para. 25 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 46 para. 21 (with Sch. 46 para. 26)

F68 S. 735(5) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 45 para. 153(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 45 para. 91(4)

735A Section 735: relevant income and benefits relating to foreign deemed income U.K.

(1) For the purposes of section 735—

(a) place the benefits mentioned in Step 1 in the order in which they were received by the individual (starting with the earliest benefit received),

(b) deduct from those benefits so much of any benefit within section 734(1)(b) as gives rise as mentioned in section 734(1)(d) to chargeable gains or offshore income gains,

(c) place the income mentioned in Step 3 for the tax years mentioned in Step 4 (“the relevant income”) in the order determined under subsection (3),

(d) deduct from that income any income that may not be taken into account because of section 743(1) or (2) (no duplication of charges),

(e) place the income treated under section 732(2) as arising to the individual in respect of the benefits in the order in which it is treated as arising (starting with the earliest income treated as having arisen), and

(f) treat the income mentioned in paragraph (e) as related to—

(i) the benefits, and

(ii) the relevant income,

by matching that income with the benefits and the relevant income (in the orders mentioned in paragraphs (a), (c) and (e)).

(2) In subsection (1) references to a step are to a step in section 733(1).

(3) The order referred to in subsection (1)(c) is arrived at by taking the following steps.

Step 1

Find the relevant income for the earliest tax year (of the tax years referred to in subsection (1)(c)).

Step 2

Place so much of that income as is not foreign in the order in which it arose (starting with the earliest income to arise).

Step 3

After that, place so much of that income as is foreign in the order in which it arose (starting with the earliest income to arise).

Step 4

Repeat Steps 1 to 3.

For this purpose, read references to the relevant income for the earliest tax year as references to the relevant income for the first tax year after the last tax year in relation to which those Steps have been undertaken.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3) relevant income is “foreign” where it would be relevant foreign income if it were the individual's.

(5) For those purposes treat income for a period as arising immediately before the end of the period.

(6) Subsection (1)(d) does not apply if the income may not be taken into account because the individual has been charged to income tax under section 731 by reason of the income.]

Textual Amendments

F66 Ss. 735, 735A substituted (21.7.2008 with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 170 of the amending Act) for s. 735 by Finance Act 2008 (c. 9), Sch. 7 para. 169

Exemptions: no tax avoidance purpose or genuine commercial transaction U.K.

736 Exemptions: introduction U.K.

(1) Sections 737 to [F69 742A] deal with exemptions from liability under this Chapter.

(2) Some exemptions apply according to whether the relevant transactions are all pre-5 December 2005 transactions or all post-4 December 2005 transactions or include both (see sections 737, 739 and 740).

[F70 (2A) The exemption given by section 742A applies only in the case of a relevant transaction effected on or after 6 April 2012.]

(3) In this section and sections 737 to 742—

• “post-4 December 2005 transaction” means a relevant transaction effected on or after 5 December 2005, and

• “pre-5 December 2005 transaction” means a relevant transaction effected before 5 December 2005.

Textual Amendments

F69 Word in s. 736(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 9(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 6(2)

F70 S. 736(2A) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 9(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 6(3)

737 Exemption: all relevant transactions post-4 December 2005 transactions U.K.

(1) This section applies if all the relevant transactions are post-4 December 2005 transactions.

(2) An individual is not liable to income tax under this Chapter for the tax year by reference to the relevant transactions if the individual satisfies an officer of Revenue and Customs—

(a) that Condition A is met, or

(b) in a case where Condition A is not met, that Condition B is met.

(3) Condition A is that it would not be reasonable to draw the conclusion, from all the circumstances of the case, that the purpose of avoiding liability to taxation was the purpose, or one of the purposes, for which the relevant transactions or any of them were effected.

(4) Condition B is that—

(a) all the relevant transactions were genuine commercial transactions (see section 738), and

(b) it would not be reasonable to draw the conclusion, from all the circumstances of the case, that any one or more of those transactions was more than incidentally designed for the purpose of avoiding liability to taxation.

(5) In determining the purposes for which the relevant transactions or any of them were effected, the intentions and purposes of any person within subsection (6) are to be taken into account.

(6) A person is within this subsection if, whether or not for consideration, the person—

(a) designs or effects, or

(b) provides advice in relation to,

the relevant transactions or any of them.

(7) In this section—

• “revenue” includes taxes, duties and national insurance contributions,

• “taxation” includes any revenue for whose collection and management the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs are responsible.

(8) If—

(a) apart from this subsection, an associated operation would not be taken into account for the purposes of this section, and

(b) the conditions in subsections (2) to (4) are not met if it is taken into account, because of—

(i) the associated operation, or

(ii) the associated operation taken together with any other relevant transactions,

it must be taken into account for those purposes.

738 Meaning of “commercial transaction” U.K.

(1) For the purposes of section 737, a relevant transaction is a commercial transaction only if it meets the conditions in subsections (2) and (3).

(2) It must be effected—

(a) in the course of a trade or business and for its purposes, or

(b) with a view to setting up and commencing a trade or business and for its purposes.

(3) It must not—

(a) be on terms other than those that would have been made between persons not connected with each other dealing at arm's length, or

(b) be a transaction that would not have been entered into between such persons so dealing.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (2), making investments, managing them or making and managing them is a trade or business only so far as—

(a) the person by whom it is done, and

(b) the person for whom it is done,

are persons not connected with each other and are dealing at arm's length.

739 Exemption: all relevant transactions pre-5 December 2005 transactions U.K.

(1) This section applies if all the relevant transactions are pre-5 December 2005 transactions.

(2) An individual is not liable for income tax under this Chapter for the tax year by reference to the relevant transactions if the individual satisfies an officer of Revenue and Customs that condition A or B is met.

(3) Condition A is that the purpose of avoiding liability to taxation was not the purpose, or one of the purposes, for which the relevant transactions or any of them were effected.

(4) Condition B is that the transfer and any associated operations—

(a) were genuine commercial transactions, and

(b) were not designed for the purpose of avoiding liability to taxation.

740 Exemption: relevant transactions include both pre-5 December 2005 and post-4 December 2005 transactions U.K.

(1) This section applies if the relevant transactions include both pre-5 December transactions and post-4 December transactions.

(2) An individual is not liable to tax under this Chapter for the tax year by reference to the relevant transactions if—

(a) the condition in section 737(2) (exemption where all relevant transactions are post-4 December 2005 transactions) is met by reference to the post-4 December 2005 transactions, and

(b) the condition in section 739(2) (exemption where all relevant transactions are pre-5 December 2005 transactions) is met by reference to the pre-5 December transactions.

(3) If subsection (2)(b) applies but subsection (2)(a) does not, this Chapter applies with the modifications in subsections (4) to (6).

(4) For the purposes of sections 720 to 730, any income arising before 5 December 2005 must not be brought into account as income of the person abroad.

(5) In determining the relevant income of an earlier tax year for the purposes of section 733(1) (see Step 4), it does not matter whether that year was a year for which the individual was not liable under section 731 because of section 739 or this section.

(6) For the purposes of Step 1 in section 733(1), a benefit received by the individual in or before the tax year 2005-06 is to be left out of account.

(7) But, in the case of a benefit received in the tax year 2005-06, subsection (6) applies only so far as, on a time apportionment basis, the benefit fell to be enjoyed in any part of the year that fell before 5 December 2005.

741 Application of section 742 (partial exemption) U.K.

(1) Section 742 (partial exemption where later associated operations fail conditions) applies if—

(a) an individual is liable to tax because of section 720 or 727 for a tax year (the “taxable year”) because condition B in section 737(4) (genuine commercial transaction: post-4 December 2005 transactions) is not met, and

(b) subsections (2) and (3) apply.

(2) This subsection applies if—

(a) since the relevant transfer there has been at least one tax year for which the individual was not so liable by reference to the relevant transactions effected before the end of the year, and

(b) the individual was not so liable for that year because—

(i) condition B in section 737(4) was met, or

(ii) condition B in section 739(4) (genuine commercial transaction: pre-5 December 2005 transactions) was met.

(3) This subsection applies if the income by reference to which the individual is liable to tax for the taxable year is attributable—

(a) partly to relevant transactions by reference to which one of those conditions was met for the last exempt tax year, and

(b) partly to associated operations not falling within paragraph (a).

(4) For the purposes of this section a tax year is exempt if—

(a) it is one of the tax years mentioned in subsection (2), and

(b) there is no earlier tax year for which the individual was liable to tax because of section 720 or 727 by reference to the relevant transactions or any of them.

(5) References in this section to a person being liable to tax for a tax year because of section 720 or 727 include references to the individual being so liable had any income been treated as arising to the individual for that year under section 721 or 728.

742 Partial exemption where later associated operations fail conditions U.K.

(1) If this section applies, the individual is liable to tax under this Chapter only in respect of part of the income for which the individual would otherwise be liable.

(2) That part is so much of the income as appears to an officer of Revenue and Customs to be justly and reasonably attributable to the operations mentioned in section 741(3)(b) in all the circumstances of the case.

(3) Those circumstances include how far those operations or any of them directly or indirectly affect—

(a) the nature or amount of any person's income, or

(b) any person's power to enjoy any income.

[F71 742A Post-5 April 2012 transactions: exemption for genuine transactions U.K.

(1) Subsection (2) applies for the purpose of determining the liability of an individual to tax under this Chapter by reference to a relevant transaction if—

(a) the transaction is effected on or after 6 April 2012, and

(b) conditions A and B are met.

(2) Income is to be left out of account so far as the individual satisfies an officer of Revenue and Customs that it is attributable to the transaction.

(3) Condition A is that—

(a) were, viewed objectively, the transaction to be considered to be a genuine transaction having regard to any arrangements under which it is effected and any other relevant circumstances, and

(b) were the individual to be liable to tax under this Chapter by reference to the transaction,

the individual's liability to tax would, in contravention of a relevant treaty provision, constitute an unjustified and disproportionate restriction on a freedom protected under that relevant treaty provision.

(4) In subsection (3) “relevant treaty provision” means—

(a) Title II or IV of Part Three of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

(b) Part II or III of the EEA agreement, or

(c) the provision of any subsequent treaty replacing a provision mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b).

(5) Condition B is that the individual satisfies an officer of Revenue and Customs that, viewed objectively, the transaction must be considered to be a genuine transaction having regard to any arrangements under which it is effected and any other relevant circumstances.

(6) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (3)(a) or (5), in order for the transaction to be considered to be a genuine transaction the transaction must not—

(a) be on terms other than those that would have been made between persons not connected with each other dealing at arm's length, or

(b) be a transaction that would not have been entered into between such persons so dealing,

having regard to any arrangements under which the transaction is effected and any other relevant circumstances.

(7) Subsection (8) applies if any asset or income falling within subsection (12) is used for the purposes of, or is received in the course of, activities carried on in a territory outside the United Kingdom by a person (“the relevant person”) through a business establishment which the relevant person has in that territory.

(8) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (3)(a) or (5), in order for the transaction to be considered to be a genuine transaction the activities mentioned in subsection (7) must consist of the provision by the relevant person of goods or services to others on a commercial basis and involve—

(a) the use of staff in numbers, and with competence and authority,

(b) the use of premises and equipment, and

(c) the addition of economic value, by the relevant person, to those to whom the goods or services are provided,

commensurate with the size and nature of those activities.

(9) In subsection (8)(a) “staff” means employees, agents or contractors of the relevant person.

(10) To determine if a person has a “business establishment” in a territory outside the United Kingdom, apply sections 1141, 1142(1) and 1143 of CTA 2010 as if in those provisions—

(a) references to a company were to a person, and

(b) references to a permanent establishment were to a business establishment.

(11) Subsection (6) does not apply if—

(a) the relevant transfer is made by an individual who makes it wholly—

(i) for personal reasons (and not commercial reasons), and

(ii) for the personal benefit (and not the commercial benefit) of other individuals, and

(b) no consideration is given (directly or indirectly) for the relevant transfer or otherwise for any benefit received by any individual mentioned in paragraph (a)(ii),

and all assets and income falling within subsection (12) are dealt with accordingly.

(12) The assets and income falling within this subsection are—

(a) any of the assets transferred by the relevant transfer;

(b) any assets directly or indirectly representing any of the assets transferred;

(c) any income arising from any assets within paragraph (a) or (b);

(d) any assets directly or indirectly representing the accumulations of income arising from any assets within paragraph (a) or (b).

(13) In subsections (11) and (12) references to the relevant transfer are to—

(a) if the transaction mentioned in subsection (1) is a relevant transfer, the transfer, or

(b) if the transaction so mentioned is an associated operation, the relevant transfer to which it relates.

(14) Subsection (15) applies if—

(a) subsection (2) would apply in relation to a transaction but for the individual being unable to satisfy an officer of Revenue and Customs for the purposes of condition B that the transaction meets the requirements set out in subsection (6), but

(b) the individual does satisfy an officer of Revenue and Customs that those requirements are met in relation to a part of the transaction.

(15) Subsection (2) applies as if the reference to the transaction were to that part of the transaction.]

Textual Amendments

F71 S. 742A inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 9(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 7

General U.K.

743 No duplication of charges U.K.

(1) No amount of income may be taken into account more than once in charging income tax under this Chapter.

(2) If there is a choice about the persons in relation to whom any amount of income may be taken into account in charging income tax under this Chapter, it is to be taken into account—

(a) in relation to such one or more of them as appears to an officer of Revenue and Customs to be just and reasonable, and

(b) if more than one, in such respective proportions as appears to the officer to be just and reasonable.

[F72 (2A) Subsection (2B) applies if—

(a) in the case of an individual, an amount of income is taken into account in charging income tax under section 720 or 727, and

(b) the individual subsequently receives that income.

(2B) The income received is treated as not being the individual's income for income tax purposes.]

(3) For the meaning of references in [F73 this section] to an amount of income taken into account in charging tax, see section 744.

F74 (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F72 S. 743(2A)(2B) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 16(2)

F73 Words in s. 743(3) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 16(3)

F74 S. 743(4) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 16(4)

744 Meaning of taking income into account in charging income tax for section 743 U.K.

(1) References in section [F75 743] (no duplication of charges) to an amount of income taken into account in charging income tax are to be read as follows.

(2) In the case of tax charged on income under section 720 (charge where income enjoyed as a result of relevant transactions)—

(a) if section 724(1) (benefit provided out of income of person abroad) applies, they are references to an amount of the income out of which the benefit is provided equal to the amount F76 ... charged, and

(b) otherwise they are references to the amount of [F77 the income mentioned in section 721(2)].

(3) In the case of tax charged on income under section 727 (charge where capital sums received as a result of relevant transactions), they are references to the amount of [F78 the income mentioned in section 728(1)(a)].

(4) In the case of tax charged under section 731 (charge to tax on income treated as arising to non-transferors where benefit received as a result of relevant transfers), they are references to the amount of relevant income taken into account under section 733 (income charged under section 731) in calculating the amount to be charged in respect of the benefit for the tax year in question.

Textual Amendments

F75 Word in s. 744(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 17(2)

F76 Words in s. 744(2)(a) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 17(3)(a)

F77 Words in s. 744(2)(b) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 17(3)(b)

F78 Words in s. 744(3) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 17(4)

745 Rates of tax applicable to income charged under sections 720 and 727 etc U.K.

(1) Income tax at the basic rate, the [F79 starting rate for savings] or the dividend ordinary rate is not charged under section 720 or 727 in respect of any income [F80 if (and to the corresponding extent that) the income mentioned in section 721(2) or 728(1)(a)] has borne tax at that rate by deduction or otherwise.

(2) Subsection (1) does not affect the tax charged if section 724(2) applies (benefit provided out of income of person abroad charged in year of receipt).

[F81 (3) Subsection (4) applies to income treated as arising to an individual under section 721 or 728 so far as subsection (1) does not apply to it.

(4) The charge to income tax under section 720 or 727 operates by treating the income as if it were income within section 19(2) (meaning of “dividend income”) if the income mentioned in section 721(2) or 728(1)(a) would be dividend income were it the income of the individual.]

Textual Amendments

F79 Words in s. 745(1) substituted (21.7.2008 with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 65 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2008 (c. 9), Sch. 1 para. 24

F80 Words in s. 745(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 18(2)

F81 S. 745(3)(4) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 18(3)

746 Deductions and reliefs where individual charged under section 720 or 727 U.K.

(1) This section applies for the purpose of calculating the liability to income tax of an individual charged under section 720 or 727.

[F82 (2) For the purpose of determining the deductions and reliefs allowed to the individual, the individual is to be treated as if the individual had actually received the amount by reference to which the income treated as arising to the individual under section 721 or 728 is determined.]

Textual Amendments

F82 S. 746(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 20 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 19

747 Amounts corresponding to accrued income profits and related interest U.K.

(1) This subsection applies if a person—

(a) would have been treated as—

(i) making qualifying accrued income profits, or

(ii) making qualifying accrued income profits of a greater amount,

in an interest period, but

(b) is not so treated because of being resident or domiciled outside the United Kingdom throughout any tax year in which the interest period (or part of it) falls.

(2) If subsection (1) applies, this Chapter applies as if the amount which the person would be treated as making or, as the case may be, the additional amount were income becoming payable to the person.

(3) Accordingly, any reference in this Chapter to income of (or payable or arising to) a person abroad must be read as including a reference to such an amount.

(4) This subsection applies if income consisting of interest which falls due at the end of an interest period—

(a) would have been income as respects which a person is entitled to an exemption, or an exemption of a greater amount, from liability to income tax under section 679 (interest on securities involving accrued income losses: general), but

(b) is not such income because it is income of a person who is resident or domiciled outside the United Kingdom throughout any tax year in which the interest period (or part of it) falls.

(5) If subsection (4) applies, for the purposes of this Chapter the interest is treated as reduced by the amount of the exemption or, as the case may be, the additional exemption.

(6) In this section—

(a) expressions which are also used in Chapter 2 of Part 12 (accrued income profits) have the same meaning as in that Chapter (but see subsection (7)), and

(b) “qualifying accrued income profits” means accrued income profits which are treated as made—

(i) under section 628(5), or

(ii) under section 630(2) in respect of a transfer of variable rate securities.

(7) In the case of qualifying accrued income profits within sub-paragraph (ii) of the definition of that expression in subsection (6)(b)—

(a) references in subsection (1)(a) to making qualifying accrued income profits in an interest period are to be read as making them in the tax year in which the settlement day falls, and

(b) the reference in subsection (1)(b) to the interest period is to the period—

(i) beginning with the day after the last day of the only or last interest period of the securities, and

(ii) ending with the settlement day.

Supplementary U.K.

748 Power to obtain information U.K.

(1) An officer of Revenue and Customs may by notice require any person to provide the officer with such particulars as the officer may reasonably require for the purposes of this Chapter.

(2) The officer may direct the time within which the particulars must be provided and that time must be at least 30 days.

(3) The particulars which a person must provide under this section, if required to do so by a notice under subsection (1), include particulars about—

(a) transactions with respect to which the person is or was acting on behalf of others,

(b) transactions which in the opinion of the officer should properly be investigated for the purposes of this Chapter even though in the person's opinion no liability to income tax arises under this Chapter, and

(c) whether the person has taken or is taking any part and, if so, what part in transactions of a description specified in the notice.

(4) A [F83 relevant lawyer] is not treated as having taken part in a transaction for the purposes of subsection (3)(c) merely because of giving professional advice to a client about it.

[F84 (4A) In this section “relevant lawyer” means a barrister, advocate, solicitor or other legal representative communications with whom may be the subject of a claim to professional privilege or, in Scotland, protected from disclosure in legal proceedings on grounds of confidentiality of communication.]

(5) This section is subject to—

• section 749 (restrictions on particulars to be provided by [F85 relevant lawyers]), and

• section 750 (restrictions on particulars to be provided by banks).

Textual Amendments

F83 Words in s. 748(4) substituted (1.1.2010) by Legal Services Act 2007 (c. 29), s. 211(2), Sch. 21 para. 158(a) (with ss. 29, 192, 193); S.I. 2009/3250, art. 2(h)

F84 S. 748(4A) inserted (1.1.2010) by Legal Services Act 2007 (c. 29), s. 211(2), Sch. 21 para. 158(b) (with ss. 29, 192, 193); S.I. 2009/3250, art. 2(h)

F85 Words in s. 748(5) substituted (1.1.2010) by Legal Services Act 2007 (c. 29), s. 211(2), Sch. 21 para. 158(c) (with ss. 29, 192, 193); S.I. 2009/3250, art. 2(h)

749 Restrictions on particulars to be provided by [F86 relevant lawyers] U.K.

(1) In relation to anything done by a [F87 relevant lawyer] on behalf of a client who does not consent to the information otherwise required from the [F87 relevant lawyer] under section 748 being provided, the [F87 relevant lawyer] may not be compelled under that section to do more than—

(a) state that the [F87 relevant lawyer] is or was acting on behalf of a client, and

(b) give the name and address of the client and any relevant person.

(2) In the case of anything done by the [F87 relevant lawyer] in connection with the transfer of any asset by or to an individual who is F88 ... UK resident to or by a body corporate to which subsection (6) applies, the transferor and the transferee are relevant persons.

(3) In the case of anything done by the [F87 relevant lawyer] in connection with any associated operation in relation to any such transfer, the persons concerned in the associated operations are relevant persons.

(4) In the case of anything done by the [F87 relevant lawyer] in connection with the formation or management of a body corporate to which subsection (6) applies, the body corporate is a relevant person.

(5) In the case of anything done by the [F87 relevant lawyer] in connection with—

(a) the creation of any settlement as a result of which income becomes payable to a person abroad, or

(b) the execution of the trusts of any such settlement,

the settlor and that person are relevant persons.

(6) This subsection applies to bodies corporate resident or incorporated outside the United Kingdom which—

(a) are, or if UK resident would be, close companies, and

(b) are not companies whose business consists wholly or mainly of the carrying on of a trade or trades.

[F89 (7) In this section—

• “relevant lawyer” means a barrister, advocate, solicitor or other legal representative communications with whom may be the subject of a claim to professional privilege or, in Scotland, protected from disclosure in legal proceedings on grounds of confidentiality of communication;

• “settlement” and “settlor” have the meanings given by section 620 of ITTOIA 2005.]

(8) In the application of this section to Scotland, any reference to the trusts of a settlement is a reference to the purposes of the settlement.

Textual Amendments

F86 Words in s. 749 heading substituted (1.1.2010) by Legal Services Act 2007 (c. 29), s. 211(2), Sch. 21 para. 159(a) (with ss. 29, 192, 193); S.I. 2009/3250, art. 2(h)

F87 Words in s. 749 substituted (1.1.2010) by Legal Services Act 2007 (c. 29), s. 211(2), Sch. 21 para. 159(b) (with ss. 29, 192, 193); S.I. 2009/3250, art. 2(h)

F88 Word in s. 749(2) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 46 para. 72 of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 46 para. 65(1) (with Sch. 46 paras. 65(2), 73)

F89 S. 749(7) substituted (1.1.2010) by Legal Services Act 2007 (c. 29), s. 211(2), Sch. 21 para. 159(c) (with ss. 29, 192, 193); S.I. 2009/3250, art. 2(h)

750 Restrictions on particulars to be provided by banks U.K.

(1) Section 748 does not oblige a bank to provide any particulars of any ordinary banking transactions between the bank and a customer carried out in the ordinary course of banking business, unless subsection (2) or (3) applies.

(2) This subsection applies if the bank has acted or is acting on behalf of the customer in connection with—

(a) the creation of any settlement as a result of which income becomes payable to a person abroad, or

(b) the execution of the trusts of any such settlement.

(3) This subsection applies if the bank has acted or is acting on behalf of the customer in connection with the formation or management of a body corporate to which section 749(6) applies.

(4) In this section—

• “bank” has the meaning given by section 991, and

• “settlement” has the meaning given by section 620 of ITTOIA 2005.

(5) In the application of this section to Scotland, any reference to the trusts of a settlement is a reference to the purposes of the settlement.

751 [F90 The tribunal’s] jurisdiction on appeals U.K.

[F91 On any appeal that is notified to the tribunal, the jurisdiction of the tribunal] includes jurisdiction to affirm or replace any decision taken by an officer of Revenue and Customs in exercise of the officer's functions under—

(a) section 737 (exemption: all relevant transactions post-4 December 2005 transactions),

(b) section 738 (meaning of “commercial transaction”),

(c) section 739 (exemption: all relevant transactions pre-5 December 2005 transactions),

(d) section 742 (partial exemption where later associated operations fail conditions),

[F92 (da) section 742A (post-5 April 2012 transactions: exemption for genuine transactions),]

(e) section 743(2) (no duplication of charges: choice of persons in relation to whom income is taken into account).

Textual Amendments

F90 Words in s. 751 heading substituted (1.4.2009) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions and Revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/56), art. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 461(2)

F91 Words in s. 751 substituted (1.4.2009) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions and Revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/56), art. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 461(3)

F92 S. 751(da) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 9(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 10 para. 8

Chapter 3 U.K. Transactions in land

Introduction U.K.

752 Overview of Chapter U.K.

(1) This Chapter has effect for the purpose of preventing the avoidance of income tax by persons concerned with land or the development of land.

(2) This Chapter imposes a charge to income tax in some circumstances where gains of a capital nature are obtained from disposing of land.

753 Meaning of disposing of land U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter land is disposed of if the property in the land or control over the land is effectively disposed of—

(a) by one or more transactions, or

(b) by any arrangement or scheme.

(2) It does not matter for the purposes of subsection (1) if the transactions, arrangement or scheme concern—

(a) the land, or

(b) property deriving its value from the land (see section 772(2)).

(3) See also—

• section 761 (transactions, arrangements, sales and realisations relevant for this Chapter), and

• section 762 (tracing value).

754 Priority of other income tax provisions U.K.

This Chapter has effect subject to—

(a) Chapter 5 of Part 5 of ITTOIA 2005 (settlements: amounts treated as income of settlor), and

(b) any other provision of the Tax Acts treating income as belonging to a particular person.

Charge on gains from transactions in land U.K.

755 Charge to tax on gains from transactions in land U.K.

(1) Income tax is charged on income treated as arising under section 756 (income treated as arising when gains obtained from some land disposals).

(2) For exemptions from the charge, see—

• section 765 (exemption: gain attributable to period before intention to develop formed),

• section 766 (exemption: disposals of shares in companies holding land as trading stock), and

• section 767 (exemption: private residences).

756 Income treated as arising when gains obtained from some land disposals U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) any of the conditions specified in subsection (3) is met as respects land,

(b) a gain of a capital nature is obtained from the disposal of all or part of the land,

(c) all or part of the land is situated in the United Kingdom, and

(d) a person within section 757(1)(a), (b) or (c) obtains the gain.

(2) The gain is treated for income tax purposes as income arising when the gain is realised.

(3) The conditions are that—

(a) the land is acquired with the sole or main object of realising a gain from disposing of all or part of the land,

(b) any property deriving its value from the land is acquired with the sole or main object of realising a gain from disposing of all or part of the land,

(c) the land is held as trading stock, and

(d) the land is developed with the sole or main object of realising a gain from disposing of all or part of the land when developed.

(4) It does not matter for the purposes of this section whether the person within section 757(1)(a), (b) or (c) obtains the gain for that person or another person.

(5) For the purposes of this section, if, for example by a premature sale, a person (“A”) directly or indirectly transmits the opportunity of realising a gain to another person (“B”), A obtains B's gain for B.

(6) For the meaning of “another person”, see section 763.

757 Person obtaining gain U.K.

(1) The persons referred to in section 756(1)(d) are—

(a) the person acquiring, holding or developing the land,

(b) a person connected with a person within paragraph (a), and

(c) a person who is a party to, or concerned in, an arrangement or scheme within subsection (2).

(2) An arrangement or scheme is within this subsection if—

(a) it is effected as respects all or part of the land, and

(b) it enables a gain to be realised—

(i) by any indirect method, or

(ii) by any series of transactions.

(3) For the purposes of this section any number of transactions may be regarded as constituting a single arrangement or scheme if—

(a) a common purpose can be discerned in them, or

(b) there is other sufficient evidence of a common purpose.

758 Income charged U.K.

(1) Tax is charged under this Chapter on the full amount of income treated as arising in the tax year.

(2) See section 760 (method of calculating gain) for how to calculate the amount of income charged.

759 Person liable U.K.

(1) The person liable for any tax charged under this Chapter on income is the person whose income it is.

(2) The general rule is that that person is the person who realises the gain.

(3) But that rule is subject to subsections (4) and (6).

(4) If all or any part of the gain accruing to a person (“A”) is derived from value provided directly or indirectly by another person (“B”), the income is B's.

(5) Subsection (4) applies whether or not the value is put at the disposal of A.

(6) If all or any part of the gain accruing to a person is derived from an opportunity of realising a gain provided directly or indirectly by another person, the income is the other person's.

(7) For the meaning of “another person”, see section 763.

(8) In applying section 1015 (territorial scope of charges including the charge under this Chapter) for the purposes of this Chapter, an amount treated as arising to a non-UK resident under section 756 is treated as being from a source in the United Kingdom so far (and only so far) as the land to which the disposal relates is in the United Kingdom.

760 Method of calculating gain U.K.

(1) Subsections (3) to (5) apply for calculating a gain for the purposes of this Chapter.

(2) But, except so far as those subsections make provision, such method is to be used for those purposes as is just and reasonable in the circumstances.

(3) The method must—

(a) take into account the value of what is obtained for disposing of the land, and

(b) allow only such expenses as are attributable to the land disposed of.

(4) If a freehold is acquired and on disposal the reversion is retained, account may be taken of the way in which trading profits are calculated in such a case.

(5) Account may be taken of the adjustments to be made in calculating trading profits under section 158 of ITTOIA 2005 (lease premiums etc: reduction of receipts).

(6) In this section “trading profits” means the profits under Part 2 of ITTOIA 2005 (trading profits) of a person dealing in land.

(7) In the application of this section in Scotland—

• “freehold” means the interest of the owner, and

• “reversion” means the interest of the landlord in property subject to a lease.

(8) See also section 764 (valuations and apportionments).

Further provisions relevant to the charge U.K.

761 Transactions, arrangements, sales and realisations relevant for Chapter U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter, account is to be taken of any method, however indirect, by which—

(a) any property or right is transferred or transmitted, or

(b) the value of any property or right is enhanced or diminished.

(2) Accordingly—

(a) the occasion of the transfer or transmission of any property or right however indirect, and

(b) the occasion when the value of any property or right is enhanced,

may be an occasion when tax is charged under this Chapter.

(3) Subsections (1) and (2) apply in particular—

(a) to sales, contracts and other transactions made otherwise than for full consideration or for more than full consideration,

(b) to any method by which any property or right, or the control of any property or right, is transferred or transmitted by assigning—

(i) share capital or other rights in a company,

(ii) rights in a partnership, or

(iii) an interest in settled property,

(c) to the creation of an option affecting the disposition of any property or right and the giving of consideration for granting it,

(d) to the creation of a requirement for consent affecting such a disposition and the giving of consideration for granting it,

(e) to the creation of an embargo affecting such a disposition and the giving of consideration for releasing it, and

(f) to the disposal of any property or right on the winding up, dissolution or termination of a company, partnership or trust.

762 Tracing value U.K.

(1) This section applies if it is necessary to determine the extent to which the value of any property or right is derived from any other property or right for the purposes of this Chapter.

(2) Value may be traced through any number of companies, partnerships and trusts.

(3) The property held by a company, partnership or trust must be attributed to the shareholders, partners or beneficiaries at each stage in such manner as is appropriate in the circumstances.

763 Meaning of “another person” U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter references to other persons are to be read in accordance with subsections (2) to (4).

(2) A partnership or partners in a partnership may be regarded as a person or persons distinct from the individuals or other persons who are for the time being partners.

(3) The trustees of settled property may be regarded as persons distinct from the individuals or other persons who are for the time being the trustees.

(4) Personal representatives may be regarded as persons distinct from the individuals or other persons who are for the time being personal representatives.

764 Valuations and apportionments U.K.

(1) All such valuations are to be made as are appropriate to give effect to this Chapter.

(2) For the purposes of this Chapter, any expenditure, receipt, consideration or other amount may be apportioned by such method as is just and reasonable in the circumstances.

Exemptions U.K.

765 Exemption: gain attributable to period before intention to develop formed U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) income is treated as arising because the condition mentioned in section 756(3)(d) is met (land developed with sole or main object of realising a gain from its disposal when developed), and

(b) part of the income is fairly attributable to a period before the intention to develop was formed.

(2) No liability to income tax arises under this Chapter in respect of that part of the income.

(3) In applying this section account must be taken of the treatment under Part 2 of ITTOIA 2005 (trading profits) of a person who appropriates land as trading stock.

766 Exemption: disposals of shares in companies holding land as trading stock U.K.

(1) No liability to income tax arises under this Chapter in respect of a gain on property deriving value from land if—

(a) the gain is obtained by the holder of shares,

(b) the gain arises as a result of the holder of shares falling within section 757(1)(a) or (b) (persons acquiring, holding or developing land and connected persons), and

(c) the circumstances are such as are mentioned in subsections (2) and (3).

(2) The gain arises on a disposal of shares in—

(a) a company which holds that land as trading stock, or

(b) a company which directly or indirectly owns at least 90% of the ordinary share capital of another company which itself holds that land as trading stock.

(3) All the land so held is disposed of—

(a) in the normal course of its trade by the company which holds it, and

(b) so as to procure that all opportunity of profit in respect of the land arises to that company.

(4) This section does not affect any liability as a result of any person falling within section 757(1)(c) (parties to arrangements and schemes, etc).

767 Exemption: private residences U.K.

No liability to income tax arises under this Chapter in respect of a gain accruing to an individual if—

(a) the gain is exempt from capital gains tax as a result of sections 222 to 226 of TCGA 1992 (private residences), or

(b) it would be so exempt but for section 224(3) of that Act (residences acquired partly with a view to making a gain).

Recovery of tax U.K.

768 Recovery of tax where consideration receivable by person not assessed U.K.

(1) This section applies if a person (“A”) is assessed to tax under this Chapter in respect of consideration receivable by another person (“B”).

(2) Consideration is not regarded as having become receivable by B for this purpose until B can effectively enjoy or dispose of it.

(3) A is entitled to recover from B any part of the tax which A has paid.

(4) If any part of the tax remains unpaid at the end of the period of 6 months beginning with the date when it became due and payable, it is recoverable from B as if B were the person assessed.

(5) Subsection (4) does not affect the right to recover the tax from A.

(6) For the purposes of this section, any income which an individual is treated as having as a result of this Chapter (the “land income”) is treated as the highest part of the individual's total income.

(7) But if in the tax year—

(a) more than one gain is treated as the individual's land income, or

(b) the individual is also treated as having income as a result of Chapter 4 (sales of occupation income),

only a just and reasonable proportion of each gain treated as land income is to be treated as the highest part of the individual's total income.

(8) See section 1012 for the relationship between—

(a) the rules in subsections (6) and (7), and

(b) other rules requiring particular income to be treated as the highest part of a person's total income.

769 Recovery of tax: certificates of tax paid etc U.K.

(1) For the purposes of section 768(3), an officer of Revenue and Customs must, if required to do so, produce a certificate specifying—

(a) the amount of income in respect of which tax has been paid, and

(b) the amount of tax paid.

(2) The certificate is conclusive evidence of any facts stated in it.

(3) See also section 944 (under which directions may be given for payments within this Chapter to non-UK residents to be made under deduction of tax).

Clearances and power to obtain information U.K.

770 Clearance procedure U.K.

(1) This section applies if a person considers that the condition mentioned in section 756(3)(a), (b) or (d) may be met as respects a gain of a capital nature which that person—

(a) has obtained from the disposal of land, or

(b) would obtain from a proposed disposal of land.

(2) The person may provide the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs with written particulars showing how the gain has arisen or would arise.

(3) The Commissioners must notify the person whether or not they are satisfied that, in the circumstances described in the particulars, the person will not, or would not, be liable to tax on the gain under this Chapter.

(4) The notification must be given before the end of the period of 30 days beginning with the day after that on which the particulars are received.

(5) A person notified by the Commissioners under this section that they are so satisfied is not liable to income tax on the gain under this Chapter.

(6) A notification under this section about the Commissioners' decision concerning a gain is void if the particulars given under this section about the gain do not make a full and accurate disclosure of all facts and considerations relating to it which are material to the decision.

771 Power to obtain information U.K.

(1) An officer of Revenue and Customs may by notice require any person to provide the officer within such period as the officer may direct with such particulars as the officer may reasonably require for the purposes of this Chapter.

(2) That period must be at least 30 days.

(3) The particulars which a person must provide under this section, if required to do so by such a notice, include particulars about—

(a) transactions or arrangements with respect to which the person is or was acting on behalf of others,

(b) transactions or arrangements which in the opinion of the officer should properly be investigated for the purposes of this Chapter, although in the person's opinion no liability to tax arises under this Chapter, and

(c) whether the person has taken or is taking any part and, if so, what part in transactions or arrangements of a description specified in the notice.

(4) Subsection (3) is subject to subsection (5).

(5) In relation to anything done by a [F93 relevant lawyer] on behalf of a client who does not consent to the provision of information required to be provided by a notice under subsection (1), the [F93 relevant lawyer] may not be compelled under this section to do more than—

(a) state that the [F93 relevant lawyer] was acting on behalf of a client, and

(b) give the name and address of the client.

(6) A [F93 relevant lawyer] is not treated as having taken part in a transaction or arrangement for the purposes of subsection (3)(c) merely because of giving professional advice to a client about it.

[F94 (7) In this section “relevant lawyer” means a barrister, advocate, solicitor or other legal representative communications with whom may be the subject of a claim to professional privilege or, in Scotland, protected from disclosure in legal proceedings on grounds of confidentiality of communication.]

Textual Amendments

F93 Words in s. 771(5)(6) substituted (1.1.2010) by Legal Services Act 2007 (c. 29), s. 211(2), Sch. 21 para. 160(a) (with ss. 29, 192, 193); S.I. 2009/3250, art. 2(h)

F94 S. 771(7) inserted (1.1.2010) by Legal Services Act 2007 (c. 29), s. 211(2), Sch. 21 para. 160(b) (with ss. 29, 192, 193); S.I. 2009/3250, art. 2(h)

Interpretation U.K.

772 Interpretation of Chapter U.K.

(1) In this Chapter “capital”, in relation to a gain, means that the gain does not fall to be included in any calculation of income for [F95 purposes of the Tax Acts otherwise than as a result of [F96 Part 18 of CTA 2010 (transactions in land)] or] this Chapter.

(2) In this Chapter references to property deriving its value from land include—

(a) any shareholding in a company deriving its value directly or indirectly from land,

(b) any partnership interest deriving its value directly or indirectly from land,

(c) any interest in settled property deriving its value directly or indirectly from land, and

(d) any option, consent or embargo affecting the disposition of land.

(3) In this Chapter—

• “company” includes any body corporate, and

• “share” includes stock.

Textual Amendments

F95 Words in s. 772(1) substituted (retrospective with effect in accordance with art. 1(2) of the amending S.I.) by The Income Tax Act 2007 (Amendment) (No. 2) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2859), art. 4(4)

F96 Words in s. 772(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 1184(1) of the amending Act) by Corporation Tax Act 2010 (c. 4), s. 1184(1), Sch. 1 para. 547 (with Sch. 2)

Chapter 4 U.K. Sales of occupation income

Introduction U.K.

773 Overview of Chapter U.K.

(1) This Chapter imposes a charge to income tax—

(a) on individuals to whom income is treated as arising under section 778 (income arising where capital amount other than derivative property or right obtained), and

(b) on individuals to whom income is treated as arising under section 779 (income arising where derivative property or right obtained).

(2) Income is treated as arising under those sections only if—

(a) transactions are effected or arrangements made to exploit the earning capacity of an individual in an occupation, and

(b) the main object or one of the main objects of the transactions or arrangements is the avoidance or reduction of liability to income tax.

774 Meaning of “occupation” U.K.

In this Chapter references to an occupation, in relation to an individual, are references to any activities of a kind undertaken in a profession or vocation, regardless of whether the individual—

(a) is carrying on a profession or vocation on the individual's own account, or

(b) is an employee or office-holder.

775 Priority of other tax provisions U.K.

This Chapter has effect subject to—

(a) Chapter 5 of Part 5 of ITTOIA 2005 (settlements: amounts treated as income of settlor), and

(b) any other provision of the Tax Acts treating income as belonging to a particular person.

Charge on sale of occupation income U.K.

776 Charge to tax on sale of occupation income U.K.

(1) Income tax is charged on income treated as arising under—

(a) section 778 (income arising where capital amount other than derivative property or right obtained), or

(b) section 779 (income arising where derivative property or right obtained).

(2) Tax is charged under this section on the full amount of income treated as arising in the tax year.

(3) The person liable for any tax charged under this section is the individual to whom the income is treated as arising.

(4) This section is subject to section 784 (exemption for sales of going concerns).

777 Conditions for sections 778 and 779 to apply U.K.

(1) Sections 778 and 779 apply only if conditions A to C are met in respect of an individual.

(2) Condition A is that the individual carries on an occupation wholly or partly in the United Kingdom.

(3) Condition B is that transactions are effected or arrangements made to exploit the individual's earning capacity in the occupation by putting another person (see section 782) in a position to enjoy—

(a) all or part of the income or receipts derived from the individual's activities in the occupation, or

(b) anything derived directly or indirectly from such income or receipts.

(4) The reference in subsection (3) to income or receipts derived from the individual's activities includes a reference to payments for any description of copyright or licence or franchise or other right deriving its value from the individual's activities (including past activities).

(5) Condition C is that as part of, or in connection with, or in consequence of, the transactions or arrangements a capital amount is obtained by the individual for the individual or another person.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5), the cases where an individual (“A”) obtains a capital amount for another person (“B”) include cases where A has put B in a position to receive the capital amount by providing B with something of value derived, directly or indirectly, from A's activities in the occupation.

(7) In this Chapter “capital amount” means an amount in money or money's worth which does not fall to be included in a calculation of income for [F97 purposes of the Tax Acts otherwise than as a result of] this Chapter.

Textual Amendments

F97 Words in s. 777(7) substituted (retrospective with effect in accordance with art. 1(2) of the amending S.I.) by The Income Tax Act 2007 (Amendment) (No. 2) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2859), art. 4(5)

778 Income arising where capital amount other than derivative property or right obtained U.K.

(1) This section applies if the capital amount obtained as mentioned in section 777(5) does not consist of—

(a) property which derives substantially the whole of its value from the individual's activities, or

(b) a right which does so.

(2) The capital amount is treated for income tax purposes as income arising to the individual.

(3) The income is treated as arising in the tax year in which the capital amount is receivable.

(4) A capital amount is not regarded as having become receivable by a person for the purposes of this section until the person can effectively enjoy or dispose of it.

779 Income arising where derivative property or right obtained U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) the capital amount obtained as mentioned in section 777(5) consists of—

(i) property which derives substantially the whole of its value from the activities of an individual, or

(ii) a right which does so, and

(b) the property or right is sold or otherwise realised.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), it does not matter whether the capital amount is obtained on one occasion or on two or more occasions (for example, because the individual acquires a stock option and subsequently exercises it).

(3) Income of an amount equal to the proceeds of sale or the realised value is treated for income tax purposes as income arising to the individual.

(4) The income is treated as arising in the tax year in which the property or right is sold or otherwise realised.

Further provisions relevant to the charge U.K.

780 Transactions, arrangements, sales and realisations relevant for Chapter U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter, account is to be taken of any method, however indirect, by which—

(a) any property or right is transferred or transmitted, or

(b) the value of any property or right is enhanced or diminished.

(2) Accordingly—

(a) the occasion of the transfer or transmission of any property or right however indirect, and

(b) the occasion when the value of any property or right is enhanced,

may be an occasion when tax is charged under this Chapter.

(3) Subsections (1) and (2) apply in particular—

(a) to sales, contracts and other transactions made otherwise than for full consideration or for more than full consideration,

(b) to any method by which any property or right, or the control of any property or right, is transferred or transmitted by assigning—

(i) share capital or other rights in a company,

(ii) rights in a partnership, or

(iii) an interest in settled property,

(c) to the creation of an option and the giving of consideration for granting it,

(d) to the creation of a requirement for consent and the giving of consideration for granting it,

(e) to the creation of an embargo affecting the disposition of any property or right and the giving of consideration for releasing it, and

(f) to the disposal of any property or right on the winding up, dissolution or termination of a company, partnership or trust.

781 Tracing value U.K.

(1) This section applies if it is necessary to determine the extent to which the value of any property or right is derived from any other property or right for the purposes of this Chapter.

(2) Value may be traced through any number of companies, partnerships and trusts.

(3) The property held by a company, partnership or trust must be attributed to the shareholders, partners or beneficiaries at each stage in such manner as is appropriate in the circumstances.

782 Meaning of “other person” U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter references to other persons are to be read in accordance with subsections (2) to (4).

(2) A partnership or partners in a partnership may be regarded as a person or persons distinct from the individuals or other persons who are for the time being partners.

(3) The trustees of settled property may be regarded as persons distinct from the individuals or other persons who are for the time being trustees.

(4) Personal representatives may be regarded as persons distinct from the individuals or other persons who are for the time being personal representatives.

783 Valuations and apportionments U.K.

(1) All such valuations are to be made as are appropriate to give effect to this Chapter.

(2) For the purposes of this Chapter, any expenditure, receipt, consideration or other amount may be apportioned by such method as is just and reasonable in the circumstances.

Exemption for sales of going concerns U.K.

784 Exemption for sales of going concerns U.K.

(1) This section applies if a capital amount is obtained from the disposal—

(a) of assets (including any goodwill) of a profession or vocation,

(b) of a share in a partnership which is carrying on a profession or vocation, or

(c) of shares in a company.

(2) An individual is not liable to income tax under this Chapter in respect of the capital amount so far as the going concern condition is met (see subsections (4) and (5)).

(3) Subsection (2) is subject to section 785 (restriction on exemption: sales of future earnings).

(4) In the case of a disposal within subsection (1)(a) or (b), the going concern condition is that the value of what is disposed of at the time of disposal is attributable to the value of the profession or vocation as a going concern.

(5) In the case of a disposal within subsection (1)(c), the going concern condition is that the value of what is disposed of at the time of disposal is attributable to the value of the company's business as a going concern.

(6) In subsection (5) the reference to the company's business includes a reference to the business of any other company in which it holds shares directly or indirectly.

785 Restriction on exemption: sales of future earnings U.K.

(1) This section applies if the value as a going concern mentioned in section 784(4) or (5) is derived to a material extent from prospective income or receipts derived directly or indirectly from the individual's activities in the occupation.

(2) The exemption under section 784 applies to the value so derived only if the future earnings condition is met.

(3) The future earnings condition is met if, ignoring all capital amounts, the individual will receive full consideration for the prospective income or receipts, whether as a partner in a partnership or as an employee or otherwise.

(4) The references in subsections (1) and (3) to income or receipts include references to payments for any description of copyright, licence, franchise or other right deriving its value from the individual's activities (including past activities).

Recovery of tax U.K.

786 Recovery of tax where consideration receivable by person not assessed U.K.

(1) This section applies if a person (“A”) is assessed to tax under this Chapter in respect of consideration receivable by another person (“B”).

(2) Consideration is not regarded as having become receivable by B for this purpose until B can effectively enjoy or dispose of it.

(3) A is entitled to recover from B any part of the tax which A has paid.

(4) If any part of the tax remains unpaid at the end of the period of 6 months beginning with the date when it became due and payable, it is recoverable from B as if B were the person assessed.

(5) Subsection (4) does not affect the right to recover the tax from A.

(6) For the purposes of this section, any income which an individual is treated as having as a result of this Chapter (the “occupation income”) is treated as the highest part of the individual's total income.

(7) But if in the tax year—

(a) more than one capital amount is treated as the individual's occupation income, or

(b) the individual is also treated as having income as a result of Chapter 3 (transactions in land),

only a just and reasonable proportion of each capital amount treated as occupation income is to be treated as the highest part of the individual's total income.

(8) See section 1012 for the relationship between—

(a) the rules in subsections (6) and (7), and

(b) other rules requiring particular income to be treated as the highest part of a person's total income.

787 Recovery of tax: certificates of tax paid etc U.K.

(1) For the purposes of section 786(3), an officer of Revenue and Customs must, if requested to do so, produce a certificate specifying—

(a) the amount of income in respect of which tax has been paid, and

(b) the amount of tax paid.

(2) The certificate is conclusive evidence of any facts stated in it.

(3) See also section 944 (under which directions may be given for payments within this Chapter to non-UK residents to be subject to a duty to deduct income tax).

Power to obtain information U.K.

F98 788 Power to obtain information U.K.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F98 S. 788 omitted (13.8.2009) by virtue of The Finance Act 2009, Schedule 47 (Consequential Amendments) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2035), art. 1, Sch. para. 50

Interpretation U.K.

789 Minor definitions U.K.

In this Chapter—

• “company” includes any body corporate, and

• “share” includes stock.

Chapter 5 U.K. Avoidance involving trading losses

Introduction U.K.

790 Overview of Chapter U.K.

(1) This Chapter imposes charges to income tax on—

(a) individuals who are treated as receiving income under section 792 (individuals in partnership claiming excess relief),

(b) individuals who are treated as receiving income under section 797 (individuals claiming relief for film-related trading losses), and

(c) individuals who are treated as receiving income under section 805 (individuals in partnership claiming relief for licence-related trading losses).

(2) The charges apply if (among other things) the individual makes a loss in a trade for which the individual claims sideways relief or capital gains relief.

(3) For the purposes of this Chapter sideways relief is—

(a) trade loss relief against general income (see sections 64 to 70), or

(b) early trade losses relief (see sections 72 to 74).

(4) For the purposes of this Chapter—

(a) capital gains relief is, in relation to a loss, the treatment of the loss as an allowable loss by virtue of section 261B of TCGA 1992 (use of trading loss as a CGT loss), and

(b) capital gains relief is claimed for a loss when a claim under that section is made in relation to the loss.

(5) References in this Chapter to a firm are to be read in the same way as references to a firm in Part 9 of ITTOIA 2005 (which contains special provision about partnerships).

Individuals in partnership: recovery of excess relief U.K.

791 Charge to tax on income treated as received under section 792 U.K.

(1) Income tax is charged on income treated as received by an individual under section 792.

(2) Tax is charged under this section on the amount of the income treated as received in the tax year.

(3) The person liable for any tax charged under this section is the individual treated as receiving the income.

792 Partners claiming excess sideways or capital gains relief U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) an individual carrying on a trade (“the relevant trade”) as a partner in a firm makes post-1 December 2004 losses in the relevant trade for which the individual claims relief within subsection (2),

(b) any of sections 104, 107 and 110 applies in relation to the relief (whether or not any of those sections restricts the amount of the relief), and

(c) after the individual makes the claim or claims, a chargeable event occurs.

(2) The relief within this subsection is—

(a) sideways relief but only if the whole or part of the relief is claimed against income of the individual apart from profits of the relevant trade, and

(b) capital gains relief.

(3) A chargeable event occurs whenever—

(a) the amount of the individual's contribution to the firm is reduced as a result of the application of regulations made under section 114, and

(b) that reduction in the individual's contribution to the firm immediately results in—

(i) the total amount of trade losses claimed (less any reclaimed relief) becoming greater than the contribution, or

(ii) an increase in the amount by which the total amount of trade losses claimed (less any reclaimed relief) exceeds the contribution.

(4) The individual is treated as receiving an amount of income every time a chargeable event occurs.

The income is treated as arising otherwise than as profits of a trade.

(5) The amount of the income is calculated in accordance with section 793.

(6) If—

(a) the firm is carrying on, or has carried on, more than one trade, and

(b) subsection (1)(a) and (b) applies in relation to losses made by the individual in one or more of those trades as a partner in the firm,

the firm's trades are taken together for the purpose of determining whether a chargeable event occurs at any time after a claim in relation to any of those losses has been made and, if one does occur, the amount of income treated as received by the individual at that time.

See section 794(6) for modifications giving effect to this.

(7) References in this section to an individual being a partner in a firm include a reference to an individual being a limited partner within the meaning of section [F99 103A] as a result of subsection (1)(c) of that section.

(8) And, accordingly, in the case of an individual who is such a limited partner, in this section and in sections 793 to 795 references to the individual's firm are references to the relationship between the individual and the other persons mentioned in section [F100 103A(3)(a)].

Textual Amendments

F99 Word in s. 792(7) substituted (retrospective to 6.4.2007) by Finance Act 2007 (c. 11), Sch. 4 paras. 17(a), 21

F100 Word in s. 792(8) substituted (retrospective to 6.4.2007) by Finance Act 2007 (c. 11), Sch. 4 paras. 17(b), 21

793 Calculating the amount of income treated as received U.K.

(1) The amount of income treated as received by the individual under section 792 when the chargeable event occurs is the lowest of amounts A to C.

(2) Amount A is the amount by which the individual's contribution to the firm is reduced as a result of the application of regulations made under section 114.

(3) Amount B is the amount given by—

(a) taking, at the time immediately after the chargeable event occurs, the total amount of trade losses claimed that are post-1 December 2004 losses, and

(b) reducing that amount (but not below nil) by any reclaimed relief.

(4) Amount C is the amount given by—

(a) taking the amount by which, at the time immediately after the chargeable event occurs, the total amount of trade losses claimed exceeds the individual's contribution to the firm, and

(b) reducing that amount (but not below nil) by any reclaimed relief.

794 Meaning of “the total amount of trade losses claimed” etc U.K.

(1) In sections 792 and 793 “the total amount of trade losses claimed” means the total amount of losses within subsection (2) for which the individual has claimed sideways relief or capital gains relief.

(2) The losses within this subsection are losses made by the individual in the relevant trade—

(a) in a tax year at a time during which the individual carries on the relevant trade as a limited partner or as a member of an LLP, or

(b) in an early tax year during which the individual carries on the relevant trade as a non-active partner.

Expressions used in this subsection are to be read as if contained in Chapter 3 of Part 4.

(3) In sections 792 and 793 “reclaimed relief” means the total amount of income treated as received by the individual under section 792 as a result of that section being previously applied in relation to claims for relief for losses made by the individual in the relevant trade.

(4) In sections 792 and 793 “the individual's contribution to the firm” at any time means the individual's contribution to the firm or the LLP (as the case may be) at that time as calculated for the purposes of the relevant restriction provision.

(5) The “relevant restriction provision” means—

(a) whichever of sections 104, 107 and 110 applied as mentioned in section 792(1)(b), or

(b) if more than one of those sections applied as mentioned in section 792(1)(b), the section which so applied to the amount of relief which could be given for the loss most recently made by the individual in the relevant trade.

(6) In a case to which section 792(6) applies, for the purpose of determining the total amount of trade losses claimed, the amount of the reclaimed relief and the relevant restriction provision—

(a) apply subsections (1) and (2) in relation to each of the trades that the firm is carrying on, or has carried on, and then add the results together, and

(b) apply subsections (3) and (5)(b) as if references to the relevant trade were references to any of the trades that the firm is carrying on, or has carried on.

But if a trade is of the kind mentioned in section 110(8), do not apply subsection (2)(b) in relation to it.

795 Meaning of “post-1 December 2004 loss” U.K.

(1) For the purposes of sections 792 and 793 a “post-1 December 2004 loss” means—

(a) any loss made by an individual in a trade in a tax year the basis period for which begins on or after 2 December 2004, or

(b) the post-1 December 2004 part of any loss made by an individual in a trade in a tax year the basis period for which includes 2 December 2004 (but begins before that date).

(2) The “post-1 December 2004 part” of any loss made by an individual in a trade means the individual's share of any losses made by the relevant firm in the trade in the period—

(a) beginning with 2 December 2004, and

(b) ending with the end of the basis period for the tax year concerned.

(3) For this purpose “the relevant firm” means the firm in which the individual carried on the trade, and—

(a) the losses of that firm are calculated as if that period were one for which profits and losses had to be calculated for the purposes of section 849 of ITTOIA 2005 (calculation of firm's profits or losses), and

(b) the individual's share of the losses is determined in accordance with the individual's interest in the firm during that period.

(4) In this section “basis period”, in relation to an individual with a notional trade, means the basis period for the notional trade (within the meaning of Part 9 of ITTOIA 2005).

Individuals claiming relief for film-related trading losses U.K.

796 Charge to tax on income treated as received under section 797 U.K.

(1) Income tax is charged on income treated as received by an individual under section 797.

(2) Tax is charged under this section on the amount of the income treated as received in the tax year.

(3) The person liable for any tax charged under this section is the individual treated as receiving the income.

797 Individuals claiming sideways or capital gains relief for film-related losses U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) an individual makes a film-related loss (see section 800) in a trade for which the individual claims sideways relief or capital gains relief (a “relevant claim”),

(b) there is a disposal of a right of the individual to profits arising from the trade (a “relevant disposal”) (see section 799), and

(c) an exit event occurs.

(2) An exit event occurs whenever—

(a) the individual receives any non-taxable consideration (see section 798) for a relevant disposal, or

(b) an increase in the individual's claimed film-related losses (see section 800) or a decrease in the individual's capital contribution (see section 801) results in—

(i) those losses becoming greater than that contribution, or

(ii) an increase in the amount by which those losses exceed that contribution.

(3) The individual is treated as receiving an amount of income every time a chargeable event occurs.

The income is treated as arising otherwise than as profits of the trade.

(4) A chargeable event occurs whenever—

(a) the individual makes a relevant claim (if by that time a relevant disposal and an exit event have occurred),

(b) a relevant disposal occurs (if by that time an exit event has occurred and the individual has made a relevant claim), or

(c) an exit event occurs (if by that time a relevant disposal has occurred and the individual has made a relevant claim).

(5) The amount of income treated as received when a chargeable event occurs is equal to the sum of—

(a) the total amount or value of all non-taxable consideration received by the individual for relevant disposals, and

(b) the amount (if any) by which the individual's claimed film-related losses exceed the individual's capital contribution.

The calculation in this subsection is made immediately after the chargeable event occurs and is subject to section 803.

(6) For the purposes of this section it does not matter—

(a) if the individual (or anyone else) is still carrying on the trade when a chargeable event occurs, or

(b) if the individual receives both non-taxable and taxable consideration for a relevant disposal.

798 Meaning of “non-taxable consideration” etc U.K.

(1) This section applies for the purposes of section 797.

(2) Consideration is non-taxable if (apart from section 796) it is not chargeable to income tax.

(3) Non-taxable consideration from which a deduction within subsection (4) is made is treated as received free of the deduction.

(4) A deduction is within this subsection if it is in consideration of any person's agreeing to, or facilitating, any relevant disposal or exit event.

799 Meaning of “disposal of a right of the individual to profits” etc U.K.

(1) For the purposes of section 797 any reference to a disposal of a right of an individual to profits arising from a trade includes, in particular, any of events A to D.

(2) Event A is the disposal, giving up or loss by—

(a) the individual, or

(b) a firm in which the individual is a partner,

of a right arising from the trade to income (or any part of any income).

It does not matter if the right is disposed of, given up or lost as part of a larger disposal, giving up or loss.

(3) Event B is the disposal, giving up or loss of the individual's interest in a firm that carries on the trade (including the dissolution of the firm).

(4) Event C is a default in the payment of income to which—

(a) the individual, or

(b) a firm in which the individual is a partner,

has a right arising from the trade.

(5) Event D is a change in the individual's entitlement to any profits or losses arising from the trade the effect of which is that—

(a) the individual's share of any profits is reduced (including to nil), or

(b) the individual becomes entitled to a share, or a greater share, of any losses without becoming entitled to a corresponding share of profits.

(6) The changes covered by event D include cases where there is an agreement under which the individual is entitled—

(a) to a particular share of any profits or losses arising from the trade in a period (including a nil share), and

(b) to a different share of any such profits or losses in a succeeding period (including a nil share).

(7) In such cases the change in the individual's entitlement is treated for the purposes of section 797 as occurring at the beginning of the succeeding period.

800 Meaning of “film-related losses” etc U.K.

(1) This section applies for the purposes of sections 797, 801 and 802.

(2) A loss is a “film-related loss” if the calculation of profits or losses that it results from is made in accordance with any provision of Chapter 9 of Part 2 of ITTOIA 2005.

(3) “The individual's claimed film-related losses” means—

(a) the total amount of film-related losses made by the individual in the trade so far as they are losses for which the individual has made a relevant claim, less

(b) the amount of any relevant recovered relief.

(4) “The amount of any relevant recovered relief” means—

(a) amount A, or

(b) if less, amount B.

(5) Amount A is the total amount of income treated as received by the individual under section 792 (recovery of excess relief) as a result of the application of that section in relation to claims for relief for losses made by the individual in the trade.

(6) Amount B is the total amount of film-related losses within subsection (7) for which the individual has made a relevant claim.

(7) A loss is within this subsection if it is made by the individual in the trade—

(a) in a tax year at a time during which the individual carries on the trade as a member of an LLP or as a limited partner, or

(b) in an early tax year during which the individual carries on the trade as a non-active partner.

(8) Expressions used in subsection (7) are to be read as if contained in Chapter 3 of Part 4.

(9) Subsection (10) applies if—

(a) the individual has made a relevant claim for a film-related loss made in the trade as a partner in a firm, and

(b) the firm is carrying on, or has carried on, more than one trade.

(10) For the purpose of determining the individual's claimed film-related losses—

(a) apply subsection (3)(a) in relation to each of the trades and then add the results together,

(b) apply subsection (5) as if the reference to the trade were a reference to any of the trades, and

(c) apply subsections (6) and (7) in relation to each of the trades and then add the results together.

801 Meaning of “capital contribution” U.K.

(1) This section applies for the purposes of section 797.

(2) The individual's capital contribution is the amount which the individual has contributed to the trade as capital less so much of that amount (if any) as is within subsection (6).

This is subject to subsection (3).

(3) If the individual has made a relevant claim for a film-related loss made in the trade as a partner in a firm, the individual's capital contribution is the amount which the individual has contributed to the firm as capital less so much of that amount (if any) as is within subsection (6).

(4) In particular, the individual's share of any profits of the firm is to be included for the purposes of subsection (3) in the amount which the individual has contributed to the firm as capital so far as that share has been added to the firm's capital.

(5) In subsection (4) the reference to profits are to profits calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice (before any adjustment required or authorised by law in calculating profits for income tax purposes).

(6) An amount of capital is within this subsection if it is an amount which—

(a) the individual has previously drawn out or received back,

(b) the individual is entitled to draw out or receive back,

(c) another person has reimbursed to the individual, or

(d) the individual is entitled to require another person to reimburse to the individual.

(7) But if a chargeable event occurs, anything treated for the purposes of section 797(5)(a) as consideration received by the individual for a relevant disposal is not to be treated as capital within subsection (6) in calculating the individual's capital contribution for the purposes of section 797(5)(b).

(8) In this section—

(a) any reference to drawing out, receiving back or reimbursing an amount is to doing so directly or indirectly,

(b) any reference to drawing out or receiving back an amount does not include drawing out or receiving back an amount which, because of its being drawn out or received back, is chargeable to income tax as profits of a trade, and

(c) any reference to reimbursing an amount includes discharging or assuming all or part of a liability of the individual,

but the express provision made by paragraph (c) does not affect what counts as the receipt back or reimbursement of an amount.

(9) This section needs to be read with any regulations made under section 802 (specified amounts to be excluded in calculating a partner's capital contribution for the purposes of section 797).

802 Exclusion of amounts in calculating capital contribution by a partner U.K.

(1) This section applies if an individual makes a relevant claim for a film-related loss made by the individual in a trade as a partner in a firm.

(2) The Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs may by regulations provide that any amount of a specified description is to be excluded in calculating the individual's capital contribution for the purposes of section 797.

(3) “Specified” means specified in the regulations.

(4) The regulations may—

(a) make provision having retrospective effect,

(b) contain incidental, supplemental, consequential and transitional provision and savings, and

(c) make different provision for different cases or purposes.

(5) The provision which may be made as a result of subsection (4)(b) includes provision amending or repealing any provision of an Act passed before FA 2005.

(6) No regulations may be made under this section unless a draft of them has been laid before and approved by a resolution of the House of Commons.

803 Prohibition against double counting U.K.

(1) Subsections (2) and (3) apply for the purpose of calculating the amount of income received under section 797 on a chargeable event in respect of the individual and the trade.

(2) If chargeable events have previously occurred in respect of the individual and the trade, any consideration taken into account in calculating the amount of income received on an earlier chargeable event is left out of account.

(3) If chargeable events have previously occurred in respect of the individual and the trade, the amount of income received as a result of section 797(5)(b) is reduced (but not below nil) by the total amount of income received on earlier chargeable events as a result of that provision.

(4) In a case to which section 800(10) (cases in which firm is carrying on, or has carried on, more than one trade) applies—

(a) subsections (2) and (3) of this section have effect as if references to the trade were references to any of the firm's trades, and

(b) if chargeable events in respect of the individual and any of the firm's trades occur at the same time, to find the total amount of income received under section 797 at that time on those chargeable events—

(i) calculate separately the income received on each chargeable event ignoring the other chargeable events,

(ii) add the results from sub-paragraph (i) together, and

(iii) reduce the total amount of income resulting from sub-paragraph (ii) so far as necessary to ensure that no amount is included more than once in that total.

Individuals in partnership claiming relief for licence-related trading losses U.K.

804 Charge to tax on income treated as received under section 805 U.K.

(1) Income tax is charged on income treated as received by an individual under section 805.

(2) Tax is charged under this section on the amount of the income treated as received in the tax year.

(3) The person liable for any tax charged under this section is the individual treated as receiving the income.

805 Partners claiming relief for licence-related trading losses U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) an individual carries on a trade as a non-active partner during an early tax year,

(b) the individual makes a loss in the trade in that tax year for which the individual claims sideways relief or capital gains relief (a “relevant claim”),

(c) the loss derives to any extent from expenditure incurred in the trade in exploiting a licence acquired in carrying on the trade, and

(d) there is a relevant disposal of the licence.

(2) For the purposes of this section and section 806 there is a relevant disposal of the licence whenever the individual receives non-taxable consideration for—

(a) a disposal of the licence, or

(b) a disposal of a right to income under an agreement related to or containing the licence.

(3) If one or more chargeable events occur in any tax year, the individual is treated as receiving an amount of income in the tax year.

The income is treated as arising otherwise than as profits of the trade.

(4) For the purposes of this section and section 806 a chargeable event occurs whenever—

(a) there is a relevant disposal of the licence (if by that time the individual has made a relevant claim), or

(b) the individual makes a relevant claim (if by that time there has been a relevant disposal of the licence).

(5) For the purposes of this section and section 806 consideration is non-taxable if—

(a) (apart from section 804) it is not chargeable to income tax, and

(b) its receipt is not an exit event for the purposes of section 797.

(6) For the purposes of this section and section 806 it does not matter—

(a) if the individual (or anyone else) is still carrying on the trade when a chargeable event occurs,

(b) if the individual receives both non-taxable and taxable consideration for a relevant disposal of the licence, or

(c) if a relevant disposal of the licence is part of a larger disposal.

806 Calculation of amount of income treated as received by the individual U.K.

The amount of income treated under section 805 as received by the individual in the tax year is calculated by taking the following steps. Step 1

Calculate, at the end of the tax year, the total amount of the claimed losses (so far as relating to the licence) made by the individual in the trade in any early tax year during which the individual carried on the trade as a non-active partner.

Step 2

Calculate, at the end of the tax year, the total amount of the profits (so far as relating to the licence) made by the individual in the trade in any tax year.

Step 3

Deduct the total calculated at Step 2 from the total calculated at Step 1.

The result is “the net licence-related loss”.

If the net licence-related loss is nil or a negative figure—

(a) the income treated as received in the tax year is nil, and

(b) ignore Steps 4 and 5.

Step 4

Calculate, at the end of the tax year, the total amount or value of all non-taxable consideration received by the individual for relevant disposals (including consideration received in previous tax years).

Step 5

Deduct from—

(a) the net licence-related loss, or

(b) if less, the total calculated at Step 4,

the total amount of all income treated under section 805 as received by the individual in previous tax years as a result of chargeable events.

The result is the amount of the income treated as received in the tax year.

(If the result is a negative figure, the income is nil.)

807 Supplementary provision relating to calculation in section 806 U.K.

(1) This section applies for the purposes of section 806.

(2) For the purposes of Step 1, the amount of a loss made in a tax year that relates to the licence is so much of the loss in the tax year as derives from expenditure incurred in the trade in exploiting the licence.

(3) The amount of the loss that derives from such expenditure is determined on a just and reasonable basis.

(4) For the purposes of Step 1, a loss is a claimed loss if the individual has claimed sideways relief or capital gains relief for the loss.

(5) For the purposes of Step 2, the amount of profits made in a tax year that relates to the licence is so much of the individual's profits from the trade in the tax year as derives from income arising from an agreement related to or containing the licence.

(6) The amount of the profits that derives from such income is determined on a just and reasonable basis.

808 Meaning of “disposal of the licence” etc U.K.

(1) For the purposes of section 805 any reference to—

(a) a disposal of a licence acquired in carrying on a trade, or

(b) a disposal of a right to income under an agreement related to or containing a licence acquired in carrying on a trade (“a licence-related agreement”),

includes, in particular, any of events A to E.

(2) Event A is the revocation of the licence.

(3) Event B is the disposal, giving up or loss of—

(a) a right under the licence, or

(b) a right to income (or any part of any income) under a licence-related agreement,

by the individual or by a firm in which the individual is a partner.

It does not matter if the right is disposed of, given up or lost as part of a larger disposal, giving up or loss.

(4) Event C is the disposal, giving up or loss of the individual's interest in a firm that has the licence or a right to income under a licence-related agreement (including the dissolution of the firm).

(5) Event D is a default in the payment of income to which—

(a) the individual, or

(b) a firm in which the individual is a partner,

has a right under a licence-related agreement.

(6) Event E is a change in the individual's entitlement to any profits or losses relating to the licence the effect of which is that—

(a) the individual's share of any profits is reduced (including to nil), or

(b) the individual becomes entitled to a share, or a greater share, of any losses without becoming entitled to a corresponding share of profits.

(7) The changes covered by event E include cases where there is an agreement under which the individual is entitled—

(a) to a particular share of any profits or losses relating to the licence in a period (including a nil share), and

(b) to a different share of any such profits or losses in a succeeding period (including a nil share).

(8) In such cases the change in the individual's entitlement is treated for the purposes of section 805 as occurring at the beginning of the succeeding period.

(9) For the purposes of this section—

(a) references to any profits relating to the licence are to any profits deriving to any extent from income to which the individual has a right under a licence-related agreement, and

(b) references to any losses relating to the licence are to losses deriving to any extent from expenditure incurred in exploiting the licence.

809 Other definitions U.K.

(1) References in sections 805 and 806 to an individual carrying on a trade as a non-active partner in an early tax year are to be read as if those sections were contained in Chapter 3 of Part 4 (see, in particular, section [F101 103B]).

(2) But for that purpose, section [F102 103B(1)(b)] (which contains a requirement that the individual does not carry on the trade as a limited partner at any time during the tax year) is treated as if it were omitted.

(3) For the purposes of sections 805 to 808 an agreement is related to a licence if the agreement and licence are entered into under the same arrangement (regardless of when the agreement or licence is entered into).

(4) For the purposes of sections 805 to 808 an agreement, or part of an agreement, is not prevented from being a licence merely because it imposes an obligation to do a thing (rather than merely gives authority to do it).

References to exploiting a licence are to be read in that light.

Textual Amendments

F101 Word in s. 809(1) substituted (retrospective to 6.4.2007) by Finance Act 2007 (c. 11), Sch. 4 paras. 18(a), 21

F102 Word in s. 809(2) substituted (retrospective to 6.4.2007) by Finance Act 2007 (c. 11), Sch. 4 paras. 18(b), 21

[F103 Chapter 5A U.K. Transfers of income streams

Textual Amendments

F103 Pt. 13 Ch. 5A inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 25 para. 10 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2009 (c. 10), Sch. 25 para. 7

809AZA Application of Chapter U.K.

(1) This Chapter applies where—

(a) a person within the charge to income tax (“the transferor”) makes a transfer to another person (“the transferee”) of a right to relevant receipts (see subsection (2)), and

(b) (subject to subsection (3)) the transfer of the right is not a consequence of the transfer to the transferee of an asset from which the right to relevant receipts arises.

(2) “Relevant receipts” means any income—

(a) which (but for the transfer) would be charged to income tax as income of the transferor, or

(b) which (but for the transfer) would be brought into account in calculating profits of the transferor for the purposes of income tax.

(3) Despite paragraph (b) of subsection (1), this Chapter applies if the transfer of the right is a consequence of the transfer to the transferee of all rights under an agreement for annual payments; and for the purposes of that paragraph the transfer of an asset under a sale and repurchase agreement is not to be regarded as a transfer of the asset.

(4) Section 809AZB makes provision as to the consequences of this Chapter applying.

(5) For exclusions from this Chapter, see—

(a) section 809AZC (amount otherwise taxed),

(b) section 809AZD (certain annuities), and

(c) section 809AZE (transfer by way of security).

(6) Section 809AZF makes special provision about transfers of partnership shares.

(7) Section 809AZG contains supplementary provisions.

809AZB Value of transferred income stream treated as income U.K.

(1) The relevant amount (see subsection (2)) is to be treated as income of the transferor chargeable to income tax in the same way and to the same extent as that in which the relevant receipts—

(a) would have been chargeable to income tax, or

(b) would have been brought into account in calculating any profits for the purposes of income tax,

but for the transfer of the right to relevant receipts.

(2) The relevant amount is—

(a) (except where paragraph (b) applies) the amount of the consideration for the transfer of the right, or

(b) where the amount of any such consideration is substantially less than the market value of the right at the time when the transfer takes place (or where there is no consideration for the transfer of the right), the market value of the right at that time.

(3) The income under subsection (1) is to be treated as arising in the chargeable period of the transferor in which the transfer takes place.

(4) But subsection (5) applies if (apart from the transfer) any of the relevant receipts—

(a) would have been brought into account in accordance with Part 2 or 3 of ITTOIA 2005 (trading income and property income) in calculating any profits for the purposes of income tax, and

(b) in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice, would have been recognised otherwise than wholly in the chargeable period in which the transfer takes place.

(5) If this subsection applies, the income under subsection (1) is to be treated as arising—

(a) to the extent that it does not exceed the amount of the consideration for the transfer of the right, in the chargeable period or periods for which, in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice, the consideration for the transfer is recognised for accounting purposes in a profit and loss account or income statement of the transferor, and

(b) otherwise, in the chargeable period or periods for which, in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice, the consideration for the transfer would be so recognised if it were of an amount equal to the market value of the right at the time when the transfer takes place.

(6) But if in a case where the transferor is a company it at any time becomes reasonable to assume that the income (to any extent) is not, or would not be, treated by subsection (5) as arising in an accounting period of the transferor, the income is to that extent to be treated as arising immediately before that time.

809AZC Exception: amount otherwise taxed U.K.

This Chapter does not apply if and to the extent that the income under section 809AZB(1) is (apart from this Chapter)—

(a) charged to tax as income of the transferor,

(b) brought into account in calculating the profits of the transferor, or

(c) brought into account under CAA 2001.

809AZD Exception: certain annuities U.K.

This Chapter does not apply to a transfer of a right to—

(a) annual payments under a life annuity as defined in section 473(2) of ITTOIA 2005, or

(b) annual payments under an annuity which is pension income within the meaning of Part 9 of ITEPA 2003 (see section 566(2) of that Act).

[F104 809AZE Exception: transfer by way of security U.K.

(1) This Chapter does not apply if—

(a) the consideration for the transfer is the advance under a type 1 finance arrangement, and

(b) the transferor is, or is a member of a partnership which is, the borrower in relation to the arrangement.

(2) This Chapter does not apply if—

(a) the consideration for the transfer is the advance under a type 2 finance arrangement or a type 3 finance arrangement, and

(b) the transferor is a member of the partnership which receives that advance under the arrangement.

(3) In this section—

• “type 1 finance arrangement” has the meaning given for the purposes of Chapter 5B by section 809BZA,

• “type 2 finance arrangement” has the meaning given for the purposes of Chapter 5B by section 809BZF, and

• “type 3 finance arrangement” has the meaning given for the purposes of Chapter 5B by section 809BZJ.]

Textual Amendments

F104 S. 809AZE substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 381(1) of the amending Act) by Taxation (International and Other Provisions) Act 2010 (c. 8), s. 381(1), Sch. 8 para. 273 (with Sch. 9 paras. 1-9, 22)

809AZF Partnership shares U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter a transfer of a right to relevant receipts consisting of the reduction in a transferor's share in the profits or losses of a partnership is to be regarded as a consequence of a transfer of an asset from which the right arose (that is, the partnership property) F105 ....

F106 (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F106 (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F105 Words in s. 809AZF(1) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 17 para. 23(4) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2014 (c. 26), Sch. 17 para. 23(2)

F106 S. 809AZF(2)(3) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 17 para. 23(4) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2014 (c. 26), Sch. 17 para. 23(3)

809AZG Interpretation U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter—

(a) the grant or surrender of a lease of land is to be regarded as a transfer of the land, and

(b) the disposal of an interest in an oil licence (within the meaning of section 809 of CTA 2009) is to be regarded as a transfer of the oil licence.

(2) The Treasury may by order make other provision for securing that other transactions are to be regarded as transfers of assets for those purposes.

(3) In this Chapter—

(a) references to a transfer include sale, exchange, gift and assignment (or assignation) and any other arrangement which equates in substance to a transfer, and

(b) references to a transfer taking place are, in the case of an arrangement other than a sale, exchange, gift or assignment (or assignation), to the making of the arrangement.

(4) A transfer to or by any partnership of which the transferor or transferee is a member, and a transfer to the trustees of any trust of which the transferor is a beneficiary, counts as a transfer in relation to which this Chapter applies.]

[F107 Chapter 5AA U.K. Disposals of income streams through partnerships

Textual Amendments

F107 Pt. 13 Ch. 5AA inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 17 para. 24(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2014 (c. 26), Sch. 17 para. 24(1)

809AAZA Application of Chapter U.K.

(1) This Chapter applies (subject to subsection (2)) if directly or indirectly in consequence of, or otherwise in connection with, arrangements involving a person within the charge to income tax (“the transferor”) and another person (“the transferee”)—

(a) there is, or is in substance, a disposal of a right to relevant receipts by the transferor to the transferee,

(b) the disposal is effected (wholly or partly) by or through a partnership (“the relevant partnership”),

(c) at any time—

(i) the transferor is a member of the relevant partnership or of a partnership associated with the relevant partnership, and

(ii) the transferee is a member of the relevant partnership or of a partnership associated with the relevant partnership, and

(d) the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, of one or more steps taken in effecting the disposal is the obtaining of a tax advantage for any person.

(2) This Chapter does not apply if—

(a) the transferor is the spouse or civil partner of the transferee and they are living together, or

(b) the transferor is a brother, sister, ancestor or lineal descendant of the transferee.

(3) In subsection (1)(a) the reference to a disposal of a right to relevant receipts includes anything constituting a disposal of such a right for the purposes of TCGA 1992.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (1)(b) the disposal might, in particular, be effected by an acquisition or disposal of, or an increase or decrease in, an interest in the relevant partnership (including a share of the profits or assets of the relevant partnership or an interest in such a share).

(5) For the purposes of subsection (1)(c) it does not matter if the transferor and the transferee are not members of a partnership as mentioned at the same time.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (1)(c) a partnership is “associated” with the relevant partnership if—

(a) it is a member of the relevant partnership, or

(b) it is a member of a partnership which is associated with the relevant partnership (whether by virtue of paragraph (a) or this paragraph).

(7) In subsections (1)(c) and (5) references to the transferor include a person connected with the transferor and references to the transferee include a person connected with the transferee.

(8) In this Chapter—

• “arrangements” includes any agreement, understanding, scheme, transaction or series of transactions (whether or not legally enforceable),

• “partnership” includes a limited liability partnership whether or not section 863(1) of ITTOIA 2005 applies in relation to it,

• “relevant receipts” means any income—

  (a)

  which (but for the disposal) would be charged to income tax as income of the transferor (whether directly or as a member of a partnership), or

  (b)

  which (but for the disposal) would be brought into account as income in calculating profits of the transferor (whether directly or as a member of a partnership) for income tax purposes, and

• “tax advantage” means a tax advantage, as defined in section 1139 of CTA 2010, in relation to income tax or the charge to corporation tax on income.

809AAZB Relevant amount to be treated as income U.K.

(1) The relevant amount is to be treated as income of the transferor chargeable to income tax in the same way and to the same extent as that in which the relevant receipts—

(a) would have been chargeable to income tax as income of the transferor, or

(b) would have been brought into account as income in calculating profits of the transferor for income tax purposes,

but for the disposal.

(2) In subsection (1) “the relevant amount” is to be read in accordance with section 809AZB(2) and section 809AZB(3) to (6) applies for the purpose of determining when income under subsection (1) is treated as arising.

(3) For this purpose, in section 809AZB(2) to (6) references to the transfer of the right are to be read as references to the disposal of the right.

(4) If, apart from this subsection and section 809DZB(3)—

(a) both this Chapter and Chapter 5D would apply in relation to the disposal, and

(b) Chapter 5D would give a greater amount of income of the transferor chargeable to income tax,

this Chapter is not to apply in relation to the disposal.]

[F108 Chapter 5B U.K. Finance arrangements

Textual Amendments

F108 Pt. 13 Ch. 5B inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 381(1) of the amending Act) by Taxation (International and Other Provisions) Act 2010 (c. 8), s. 381(1), Sch. 5 para. 2 (with Sch. 9 paras. 1-9, 22)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C3 Pt. 13 Ch. 5B restricted by 2004 s. 12 s. 196I(5)(6) (as inserted 17.7.2012 (with effect in accordance with Sch. 13 para. 17 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2012 (c. 14), Sch. 13 para. 15 (with Sch. 13 Pt. 4))

C4 Pt. 13 Ch. 5B restricted by 2004 c. 12, s. 196G(2)(3) (as inserted 17.7.2012 (with effect in accordance with Sch. 13 para. 3 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2012 (c. 14), Sch. 13 para. 1 (with Sch. 13 Pt. 2))

Type 1 arrangements U.K.

809BZA Type 1 finance arrangement defined U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter an arrangement is a type 1 finance arrangement if conditions A and B are met.

(2) Condition A is that under the arrangement—

(a) a person (“the borrower”) receives money or another asset (“the advance”) from another person (“the lender”),

(b) the borrower or a person connected with the borrower makes a disposal of an asset (“the security”) to or for the benefit of the lender or a person connected with the lender, and

(c) the lender or a person connected with the lender is entitled to payments in respect of the security.

[F109 (2A) For the purposes of subsection (2)(c) it does not matter if an entitlement of the lender or a person connected with the lender is subject to any condition.]

(3) Condition B is that in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice—

(a) the borrower's accounts for the period in which the advance is received record a financial liability in respect of it, and

(b) the payments reduce the amount of the financial liability.

(4) If the borrower is a partnership the reference to the borrower's accounts includes a reference to the accounts of any member of the partnership.

(5) For the purposes of this section the borrower and the lender are not connected with one another.

Textual Amendments

F109 S. 809BZA(2A) inserted (17.7.2012) (with effect in accordance with Sch. 13 para. 42 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2012 (c. 14), Sch. 13 para. 33

809BZB Certain tax consequences not to have effect U.K.

(1) This section applies if a type 1 finance arrangement would have the relevant effect (ignoring this section).

(2) The arrangement is not to have that effect.

(3) The relevant effect is that—

(a) an amount of income on which the borrower or a person connected with the borrower would otherwise have been charged to income tax is not so charged,

(b) an amount which would otherwise have been brought into account in calculating for income tax purposes any income of the borrower or of a person connected with the borrower is not so brought into account, or

(c) the borrower or a person connected with the borrower becomes entitled to an income deduction.

(4) But if the borrower is a partnership the relevant effect is that—

(a) an amount of income on which a member of the partnership would otherwise have been charged to income tax is not so charged,

(b) an amount which would otherwise have been brought into account in calculating for income tax purposes any income of a member of the partnership is not so brought into account, or

(c) a member of the partnership becomes entitled to an income deduction.

(5) For the purposes of this section the borrower and the lender are not connected with one another.

(6) An income deduction is—

(a) a deduction in calculating income for income tax purposes, or

(b) a deduction from total income.

809BZC Payments treated as borrower's income U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) a type 1 finance arrangement would not have the relevant effect (ignoring section 809BZB(2)),

(b) that arrangement would not have the corresponding corporation-tax effect (ignoring section 759(2) of CTA 2010), and

(c) the borrower is—

(i) within the charge to income tax, or

(ii) a partnership at least one member of which is within the charge to income tax.

(2) The payments mentioned in section 809BZA(2)(c) must be treated for income tax purposes as income of the borrower payable in respect of the security.

(3) Subsection (2) applies whether or not the payments are also the income of another person for tax purposes.

(4) Subsections (3) to (6) of section 809BZB (meaning of relevant effect) apply for the purposes of this section as for those of that.

(5) In subsection (1)(b) “the corresponding corporation-tax effect” means the relevant effect as defined by section 759(3) to (6) of CTA 2010 (provision for corporation tax corresponding to section 809BZB(3) to (6)).

809BZD Deemed interest if borrower is not a partnership U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) there is a type 1 finance arrangement,

(b) the borrower is not a partnership,

(c) the arrangement is prevented by section 809BZB from having the relevant effect in relation to the borrower, or section 809BZC applies to the borrower, and

(d) in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice the borrower's accounts record an amount as a finance charge in respect of the advance.

(2) For income tax purposes the borrower may treat the amount as interest payable on a loan.

(3) If an amount is treated as interest (“deemed interest”) under subsection (2), to find out when it is paid—

(a) treat the payments mentioned in section 809BZA(2)(c) as consisting of amounts for repaying the advance and amounts (“the interest elements”) in respect of interest on the advance,

(b) treat the interest elements of the payments as paid when the payments are paid, and

(c) treat the deemed interest as paid at the times when the interest elements are treated as paid.

809BZE Deemed interest if borrower is a partnership U.K.

(1) This section applies if each of conditions A to C is met.

(2) Condition A is that—

(a) there is a type 1 finance arrangement, and

(b) the borrower is a partnership.

(3) Condition B is that—

(a) the arrangement is prevented by section 809BZB from having the relevant effect in relation to a person who is a member of the partnership, or

(b) section 809BZC applies to the partnership (in which event “the person” in subsections (4) and (5) means the person within the charge to income tax who is a member of the partnership).

(4) Condition C is that in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice the person's accounts, or the partnership's accounts, record an amount as a finance charge in respect of the advance.

(5) For income tax purposes the person may treat the amount as interest payable by the partnership on a loan.

(6) If an amount is treated as interest (“deemed interest”) under subsection (5), to find out when it is paid—

(a) treat the payments mentioned in section 809BZA(2)(c) as consisting of amounts for repaying the advance and amounts (“the interest elements”) in respect of interest on the advance,

(b) treat the interest elements of the payments as paid when the payments are paid, and

(c) treat the deemed interest as paid at the times when the interest elements are treated as paid.]

[F110 Type 2 arrangements U.K.

Textual Amendments

F110 Ss. 809BZF-809BZI and cross-heading inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 381(1) of the amending Act) by Taxation (International and Other Provisions) Act 2010 (c. 8), s. 381(1), Sch. 5 para. 3 (with Sch. 9 paras. 1-9, 22)

809BZF Type 2 finance arrangement defined U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter an arrangement is a type 2 finance arrangement if conditions A and B are met.

(2) Condition A is that—

(a) under the arrangement a person (“the transferor”) makes a disposal of an asset (“the security”) to a partnership,

(b) the transferor [F111 or a person connected with the transferor] is a member of the partnership immediately after the disposal (whether or not a member immediately before it),

(c) under the arrangement the partnership receives money or another asset (“the advance”) from another person (“the lender”),

(d) there is a relevant change in relation to the partnership (see section 809BZG), and

(e) under the arrangement the share in the partnership's profits of the person involved in the change is determined by reference (wholly or partly) to payments in respect of the security.

[F112 (2A) For the purposes of subsection (2)(e) it does not matter if any determination of the share in the partnership's profits of the person involved in the relevant change as mentioned is subject to any condition.]

(3) Condition B is that in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice—

(a) the partnership's accounts for the period in which the advance is received record a financial liability in respect of it, and

(b) the payments reduce the amount of the financial liability.

(4) The reference to the partnership's accounts includes a reference to the transferor's accounts.

Textual Amendments

F111 Words in s. 809BZF(2)(b) inserted (17.7.2012) (with effect in accordance with Sch. 13 para. 42 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2012 (c. 14), Sch. 13 para. 34(2)

F112 S. 809BZF(2A) inserted (17.7.2012) (with effect in accordance with Sch. 13 para. 42 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2012 (c. 14), Sch. 13 para. 34(3)

809BZG Relevant change in relation to partnership U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter there is a relevant change in relation to a partnership if condition A or condition B is met.

(2) Condition A is that in connection with the arrangement the lender or a person connected with the lender becomes a member of the partnership at any time.

(3) Condition B is that—

(a) in connection with the arrangement there is at any time a change in a member's share in the partnership's profits, and

(b) the member is the lender or a person connected with the lender or a person who in connection with the arrangement becomes at any time connected with the lender.

(4) An event occurs in connection with the arrangement if it occurs directly or indirectly in consequence of it or otherwise in connection with it.

(5) If there is a relevant change in relation to a partnership, a reference in this Chapter to the person involved in the change is—

(a) if it is condition A that is met, to the person who becomes a member of the partnership, and

(b) if it is condition B that is met, to the member of the partnership in whose share in the partnership's profits there is a change.

809BZH Certain tax consequences not to have effect U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) there is a type 2 finance arrangement, and

(b) any relevant change in relation to the partnership would have the relevant effect (ignoring this section).

(2) In such a case—

(a) Part 9 of ITTOIA 2005 (partnerships) is to have effect in relation to the transferor [F113 or the person connected with the transferor] as if the relevant change in relation to the partnership had not occurred, and

(b) accordingly the finance arrangement is not to have the relevant effect.

(3) The relevant effect is that—

(a) an amount of income on which the transferor [F113 or the person connected with the transferor] would otherwise have been charged to income tax is not so charged,

(b) an amount which would otherwise have been brought into account in calculating for income tax purposes any income of the transferor [F113 or the person connected with the transferor] is not so brought into account, or

(c) the transferor [F113 or the person connected with the transferor] becomes entitled to an income deduction.

(4) In deciding whether subsection (1)(b) is met assume that amounts of income equal to the payments mentioned in section 809BZF(2)(e) were payable to the partnership before the relevant change in relation to it occurred.

(5) An income deduction is—

(a) a deduction in calculating income for income tax purposes, or

(b) a deduction from total income.

Textual Amendments

F113 Words in s. 809BZH inserted (17.7.2012) (with effect in accordance with Sch. 13 para. 42 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2012 (c. 14), Sch. 13 para. 35

809BZI Deemed interest U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) there is a type 2 finance arrangement,

(b) the transferor is a person within the charge to income tax, and

(c) in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice the partnership's accounts record an amount as a finance charge in respect of the advance.

(2) For income tax purposes the transferor may treat the amount as interest payable by the transferor on a loan.

(3) The reference in subsection (1) to the partnership's accounts includes a reference to the transferor's accounts.

(4) If an amount is treated as interest (“deemed interest”) under subsection (2), to find out when it is paid—

(a) treat the payments mentioned in section 809BZF(2)(e) as consisting of amounts for repaying the advance and amounts (“the interest elements”) in respect of interest on the advance,

(b) treat the interest elements of the payments as paid when the payments are paid, and

(c) treat the deemed interest as paid at the times when the interest elements are treated as paid.]

[F114 Type 3 arrangements U.K.

Textual Amendments

F114 Ss. 809BZJ-809BZL and cross-heading inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 381(1) of the amending Act) by Taxation (International and Other Provisions) Act 2010 (c. 8), s. 381(1), Sch. 5 para. 4 (with Sch. 9 paras. 1-9, 22)

809BZJ Type 3 finance arrangement defined U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter an arrangement is a type 3 finance arrangement if conditions A and B are met.

(2) Condition A is that—

(a) a partnership holds an asset (“the security”) as a partnership asset at any time before the arrangement is made,

(b) under the arrangement the partnership receives money or another asset (“the advance”) from another person (“the lender”),

(c) there is a relevant change in relation to the partnership (see section 809BZG), and

(d) under the arrangement the share in the partnership's profits of the person involved in the change is determined by reference (wholly or partly) to payments in respect of the security.

[F115 (2A) For the purposes of subsection (2)(d) it does not matter if any determination of the share in the partnership's profits of the person involved in the relevant change as mentioned is subject to any condition.]

(3) Condition B is that in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice—

(a) the partnership's accounts for the period in which the advance is received record a financial liability in respect of it, and

(b) the payments reduce the amount of the financial liability.

(4) The reference to the partnership's accounts includes a reference to the accounts of any person who is a member of the partnership immediately before the arrangement is made.

Textual Amendments

F115 S. 809BZJ(2A) inserted (17.7.2012) (with effect in accordance with Sch. 13 para. 42 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2012 (c. 14), Sch. 13 para. 36

809BZK Certain tax consequences not to have effect U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) there is a type 3 finance arrangement, and

(b) any relevant change in relation to the partnership would have the relevant effect (ignoring this section).

(2) The relevant effect is that—

(a) an amount of income on which a relevant member would otherwise have been charged to income tax is not so charged,

(b) an amount which would otherwise have been brought into account in calculating for income tax purposes any income of a relevant member is not so brought into account, or

(c) a relevant member becomes entitled to an income deduction.

(3) A relevant member is a person who—

(a) was a member of the partnership immediately before the relevant change in relation to it occurred, and

(b) is not the lender.

(4) If this section applies—

(a) Part 9 of ITTOIA 2005 (partnerships) is to have effect in relation to any relevant member as if the relevant change in relation to the partnership had not occurred, and

(b) accordingly the finance arrangement is not to have the relevant effect.

(5) In deciding whether subsection (1)(b) is met assume that amounts of income equal to the payments mentioned in section 809BZJ(2)(d) were payable to the partnership before the relevant change in relation to it occurred.

(6) An income deduction is—

(a) a deduction in calculating income for income tax purposes, or

(b) a deduction from total income.

809BZL Deemed interest U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) there is a type 3 finance arrangement,

(b) a relevant member is a person within the charge to income tax, and

(c) in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice the partnership's accounts record an amount as a finance charge in respect of the advance.

(2) For income tax purposes the relevant member may treat the amount as interest payable by the partnership on a loan.

(3) The reference in subsection (1) to the partnership's accounts includes a reference to the accounts of any relevant member.

(4) If an amount is treated as interest (“deemed interest”) under subsection (2), to find out when it is paid—

(a) treat the payments mentioned in section 809BZJ(2)(d) as consisting of amounts for repaying the advance and amounts (“the interest elements”) in respect of interest on the advance,

(b) treat the interest elements of the payments as paid when the payments are paid, and

(c) treat the deemed interest as paid at the times when the interest elements are treated as paid.

(5) A relevant member is a person who—

(a) was a member of the partnership immediately before the relevant change in relation to it occurred, and

(b) is not the lender.]

[F116 Exceptions U.K.

Textual Amendments

F116 Ss. 809BZM-809BZP and cross-heading inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 381(1) of the amending Act) by Taxation (International and Other Provisions) Act 2010 (c. 8), s. 381(1), Sch. 5 para. 5 (with Sch. 9 paras. 1-9, 22)

809BZM Exceptions: preliminary U.K.

(1) Sections 809BZN to 809BZP make provision for finance arrangement codes not to apply in certain circumstances.

(2) For the purposes of those sections each of the following groups of provisions is a finance arrangement code—

(a) sections 809BZA to 809BZE (type 1 arrangements),

(b) sections 809BZF to 809BZI (type 2 arrangements), and

(c) sections 809BZJ to 809BZL (type 3 arrangements).

809BZN Exceptions U.K.

(1) A finance arrangement code does not apply if the whole of the advance under the arrangement—

(a) is charged to tax on a relevant person as an amount of income,

(b) is brought into account in calculating for tax purposes any income of a relevant person, or

(c) is brought into account for the purposes of any provision of CAA 2001 as a disposal receipt, or proceeds from a balancing event or disposal event, of a relevant person.

(2) Treat subsection (1)(c) as not met if—

(a) the receipt gives rise, or proceeds give rise, to a balancing charge, and

(b) the amount of the balancing charge is limited by any provision of CAA 2001.

(3) A finance arrangement code does not apply if at all times the whole of the advance under the arrangement—

(a) is a debtor relationship of a relevant person for the purposes of Part 5 of CTA 2009 (loan relationships), or

(b) would be a debtor relationship of a relevant person for those purposes if that person were a company within the charge to corporation tax.

(4) In subsection (3) references to a debtor relationship do not include references to a relationship to which Chapter 2 of Part 6 of CTA 2009 applies (relevant non-lending relationships).

(5) A finance arrangement code does not apply so far as—

(a) section 263A of TCGA 1992 applies in relation to the arrangement (agreements for sale and repurchase of securities), or

(b) Schedule 13 to FA 2007 or Chapter 10 of Part 6 of CTA 2009 applies in relation to the arrangement (sale and repurchase of securities, and repos).

(6) A finance arrangement code does not apply so far as Part 10A of this Act, Chapter 4 of Part 4 of TCGA 1992 or Chapter 6 of Part 6 of CTA 2009 has effect in relation to the arrangement (alternative finance arrangements).

(7) A finance arrangement code does not apply so far as the security is plant or machinery which is the subject of a sale and finance leaseback.

(8) For the purposes of subsection (7) apply section 221 of CAA 2001 to determine whether plant or machinery is the subject of a sale and finance leaseback.

(9) A finance arrangement code does not apply so far as sections 228B and 228C of CAA 2001 (finance leaseback) apply in relation to the arrangement.

(10) Section 809BZO defines a relevant person for the purposes of this section.

809BZO Exceptions: relevant person U.K.

(1) This section defines a relevant person for the purposes of section 809BZN.

(2) If (apart from sections 809BZN and 809BZP) sections 809BZA to 809BZE would apply, each of the following is a relevant person—

(a) the borrower, and

(b) a person connected with the borrower or (if the borrower is a partnership) a member of the partnership.

(3) If (apart from sections 809BZN and 809BZP) sections 809BZF to 809BZI would apply, the transferor is a relevant person.

(4) If (apart from sections 809BZN and 809BZP) sections 809BZJ to 809BZL would apply, a relevant member as there defined is a relevant person.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (2)(b) the persons connected with the borrower include any persons who under section 993 (meaning of “connected”) are connected with the borrower.

809BZP Power to make further exceptions U.K.

(1) The Treasury may make regulations prescribing other circumstances in which a finance arrangement code is not to apply.

(2) The regulations may amend sections 809BZN and 809BZO.

(3) The power to make regulations includes—

(a) power to make provision that has effect in relation to times before the making of the regulations (but not times before 6 June 2006),

(b) power to make different provision for different cases or different purposes, and

(c) power to make incidental, supplemental, consequential and transitional provision and savings.]

[F117 Supplementary U.K.

Textual Amendments

F117 Ss. 809BZQ-809BZS and cross-heading inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 381(1) of the amending Act) by Taxation (International and Other Provisions) Act 2010 (c. 8), s. 381(1), Sch. 5 para. 6 (with Sch. 9 paras. 1-9, 22)

809BZQ Accounts U.K.

(1) This section applies for the purposes of this Chapter.

(2) A reference to the accounts of a person includes (if the person is a company) a reference to the consolidated group accounts of a group of companies of which it is a member.

(3) In determining whether accounts record an amount as a financial liability in respect of an advance, assume that the period in which the advance is received ended immediately after the receipt of the advance.

(4) If a person does not draw up accounts in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice, assume that the person drew up the accounts in accordance with that practice.

809BZR Arrangements U.K.

A reference in this Chapter to an arrangement includes a reference to an agreement or understanding (whether or not legally enforceable).

809BZS Assets U.K.

(1) This section applies for the purposes of this Chapter.

(2) A reference to a person receiving an asset includes—

(a) a reference to the person obtaining (directly or indirectly) the value of an asset or otherwise deriving (directly or indirectly) a benefit from it, and

(b) a reference to the discharge (in whole or part) of a liability of the person.

(3) A reference to a disposal of an asset includes a reference to anything constituting a disposal of it for the purposes of TCGA 1992.

(4) A reference to payments in respect of an asset includes—

(a) a reference to payments in respect of another asset substituted for it under the arrangement, and

(b) a reference to obtaining (directly or indirectly) the value of an asset or otherwise deriving (directly or indirectly) a benefit from it.]

[F118 Chapter 5C U.K. Loan or credit transactions

Textual Amendments

F118 Pt. 13 Ch. 5C inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 381(1) of the amending Act) by Taxation (International and Other Provisions) Act 2010 (c. 8), s. 381(1), Sch. 5 para. 7 (with Sch. 9 paras. 1-9, 22)

809CZA Loan or credit transaction defined U.K.

(1) This section defines a loan or credit transaction for the purposes of sections 809CZB and 809CZC.

(2) A transaction is a loan or credit transaction if it is—

(a) effected with reference to the lending of money or the varying of the terms on which money is lent, or

(b) effected with a view to enabling or facilitating an arrangement concerning the lending of money or the varying of the terms on which money is lent.

(3) A transaction is a loan or credit transaction if it is—

(a) effected with reference to the giving of credit or the varying of the terms on which credit is given, or

(b) effected with a view to enabling or facilitating an arrangement concerning the giving of credit or the varying of the terms on which credit is given.

(4) Subsection (2) has effect whether the transaction is effected—

(a) between the lender and borrower,

(b) between either of them and a person connected with the other, or

(c) between a person connected with one and a person connected with the other.

(5) Subsection (3) has effect whether the transaction is effected—

(a) between the creditor and debtor,

(b) between either of them and a person connected with the other, or

(c) between a person connected with one and a person connected with the other.

809CZB Certain payments treated as yearly interest U.K.

(1) This section applies if a loan or credit transaction provides for a payment which is not interest but is—

(a) an annuity or other annual payment falling within Part 5 of ITTOIA 2005 and chargeable to income tax otherwise than as relevant foreign income, or

(b) an annuity or other annual payment which is from a source in the United Kingdom and chargeable to corporation tax under [F119 Chapter 7 of Part 10 of CTA 2009 (annual payments not otherwise charged) or regulation 15 of the Unauthorised Unit Trusts (Tax) Regulations 2013].

(2) The payment must be treated for the purposes of the Income Tax Acts as if it were a payment of yearly interest (see, in particular, section 874).

Textual Amendments

F119 Words in s. 809CZB(1)(b) substituted (6.4.2014) by The Unauthorised Unit Trusts (Tax) Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/2819), regs. 1(3), 37(8) (with reg. 32)

809CZC Tax charged on income transferred U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) under a loan or credit transaction a person transfers income arising from property,

(b) the person is not, as a result of Chapter 5B (finance arrangements), chargeable to income tax on the income transferred, and

(c) the person is within the charge to income tax.

(2) In such a case—

(a) income tax is charged under this section,

(b) the tax is charged on an amount equal to the full amount of the income transferred,

(c) the tax is charged for the tax year in which the transfer takes place, and

(d) the person who transfers the income is liable for the tax.

(3) This section does not prejudice the liability of any other person to tax.

(4) For the purposes of this section a person transfers income if the person surrenders, waives or forgoes it.

(5) Subsection (6) applies for the purposes of this section if—

(a) credit is given for the purchase price of property, and

(b) the rights attaching to the property are such that the buyer's rights to income from the property are suspended or restricted during the life of the debt.

(6) The buyer must be treated as surrendering income of an amount equal to the income the buyer in effect forgoes by obtaining the credit.

(7) For the purposes of this section an amount of income payable subject to deduction of income tax must be taken as the amount before deduction of tax.]

[F120 Chapter 5D U.K. Disposals of assets through partnerships

Textual Amendments

F120 Pt. 13 Ch. 5D inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 17 para. 25(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2014 (c. 26), Sch. 17 para. 25(1)

809DZA Application of Chapter U.K.

(1) This Chapter applies if conditions A and B are met.

(2) Condition A is (subject to subsection (3)) that directly or indirectly in consequence of, or otherwise in connection with, arrangements involving a person within the charge to income tax (“the transferor”) and another person (“the transferee”)—

(a) there is, or is in substance, a disposal of an asset (“the transferred asset”) by the transferor to the transferee,

(b) the disposal is effected (wholly or partly) by or through a partnership (“the relevant partnership”),

(c) at any time—

(i) the transferor is a member of the relevant partnership or of a partnership associated with the relevant partnership, and

(ii) the transferee is a member of the relevant partnership or of a partnership associated with the relevant partnership, and

(d) the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, of one or more steps taken in effecting the disposal is the obtaining of a tax advantage for any person.

(3) Condition A is not met if—

(a) the transferor is the spouse or civil partner of the transferee and they are living together, or

(b) the transferor is a brother, sister, ancestor or lineal descendant of the transferee.

(4) In subsection (2)(a) the reference to a disposal of an asset includes anything constituting a disposal of an asset for the purposes of TCGA 1992.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (2)(b) the disposal might, in particular, be effected by an acquisition or disposal of, or an increase or decrease in, an interest in the relevant partnership (including a share of the profits or assets of the relevant partnership or an interest in such a share).

(6) For the purposes of subsection (2)(c) it does not matter if the transferor and the transferee are not members of a partnership as mentioned at the same time.

(7) For the purposes of subsection (2)(c) a partnership is “associated” with the relevant partnership if—

(a) it is a member of the relevant partnership, or

(b) it is a member of a partnership which is associated with the relevant partnership (whether by virtue of paragraph (a) or this paragraph).

(8) In subsections (2)(c) and (6) references to the transferor include a person connected with the transferor and references to the transferee include a person connected with the transferee.

(9) Condition B is that it is reasonable to assume that, had the transferred asset instead been disposed of directly by the transferor to the transferee, the relevant amount (or any part of it)—

(a) would have been chargeable to income tax as income of the transferor, or

(b) would have been brought into account as income in calculating profits of the transferor for income tax purposes.

(10) In this Chapter “the relevant amount” means the amount of the consideration received by the transferor for the disposal.

(11) If the transferor receives—

(a) no consideration for the disposal, or

(b) consideration which is substantially less than the market value of the transferred asset,

assume for the purposes of subsection (10) that the transferor receives consideration of an amount equal to the market value of the transferred asset.

(12) In subsection (11) references to the market value of the transferred asset are to that value at the time of the disposal.

(13) In this Chapter—

• “arrangements” includes any agreement, understanding, scheme, transaction or series of transactions (whether or not legally enforceable),

• “partnership” includes a limited liability partnership whether or not section 863(1) of ITTOIA 2005 applies in relation to it, and

• “tax advantage” means a tax advantage, as defined in section 1139 of CTA 2010, in relation to income tax or the charge to corporation tax on income.

809DZB Relevant amount to be treated as income U.K.

(1) The relevant amount is to be treated as income of the transferor chargeable to income tax in the same way and to the same extent as that in which it—

(a) would have been chargeable to income tax as income of the transferor, or

(b) would have been brought into account as income in calculating profits of the transferor for income tax purposes,

as mentioned in section 809DZA(9).

(2) Section 809AZB(3) to (6) applies for the purpose of determining when income under subsection (1) is treated as arising (reading references to the transfer of the right as references to the disposal of the transferred asset).

(3) If, apart from this subsection and section 809AAZB(4)—

(a) both this Chapter and Chapter 5AA would apply in relation to the disposal, and

(b) Chapter 5AA would give the same amount, or a greater amount, of income of the transferor chargeable to income tax,

this Chapter is not to apply in relation to the disposal.]

[F121 CHAPTER 5E U.K. Disguised investment management fees

Textual Amendments

F121 Pt. 13 Ch. 5E inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 21(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2015 (c. 11), s. 21(1)

809EZA Disguised investment management fees: charge to income tax U.K.

(1) Where one or more disguised fees arise to an individual in a tax year from one or more investment schemes (whether or not by virtue of the same arrangements), the individual is liable for income tax for the tax year in respect of the disguised fee or fees as if—

(a) the individual were carrying on a trade for the tax year,

(b) the disguised fee or fees were the profits of the trade of the tax year, and

(c) the individual were the person receiving or entitled to those profits.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) the trade is treated as carried on—

(a) in the United Kingdom, to the extent that the individual performs the relevant services in the United Kingdom;

(b) outside the United Kingdom, to the extent that the individual performs the relevant services outside the United Kingdom;

and for this purpose “the relevant services” means the investment management services by virtue of which the disguised fee or fees arise to the individual in the tax year.

(3) For the purposes of this Chapter a “disguised fee” arises to an individual in a tax year from an investment scheme if—

(a) the individual performs investment management services directly or indirectly in respect of the scheme under any arrangements,

(b) the arrangements involve at least one partnership,

(c) under the arrangements, a management fee arises to the individual directly or indirectly from the scheme in the tax year (see section 809EZB), and

(d) some or all of the management fee is untaxed;

and the amount of the disguised fee is so much of the management fee as is untaxed.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3) the management fee is “untaxed” if and to the extent that the fee would not (apart from this section)—

(a) be charged to tax under ITEPA 2003 as employment income of the individual for any tax year, or

(b) be brought into account in calculating the profits of a trade of the individual for the purposes of income tax for any tax year.

(5) In subsection (4) “trade” includes profession or vocation.

(6) In this Chapter “investment scheme” means—

(a) a collective investment scheme, or

(b) an investment trust.

809EZB Meaning of “management fee” in section 809EZA U.K.

(1) Subject as follows, for the purposes of section 809EZA “management fee” means any sum (including a sum in the form of a loan or advance or an allocation of profits) except so far as the sum constitutes—

(a) a repayment (in whole or part) of an investment made directly or indirectly by the individual in the scheme,

(b) an arm's length return on an investment made directly or indirectly by the individual in the scheme, or

(c) carried interest (see sections 809EZC and 809EZD).

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1)(b) a return on an investment is “an arm's length return” if—

(a) the return is on an investment which is of the same kind as investments in the scheme made by external investors,

(b) the return on the investment is reasonably comparable to the return to external investors on those investments, and

(c) the terms governing the return on the investment are reasonably comparable to the terms governing the return to external investors on those investments.

(3) In this Chapter “sum” includes any money or money's worth (and other expressions are to be construed accordingly).

(4) Where—

(a) a sum in the form of money's worth arises to the individual from the scheme in the ordinary course of the scheme's business, and

(b) the individual gives the scheme money in exchange for the sum,

the sum constitutes a “management fee” only to the extent that its market value at the time it arises exceeds the amount of the money given by the individual.

809EZC Meaning of “carried interest” in section 809EZB U.K.

(1) For the purposes of section 809EZB “carried interest” means a sum which arises to the individual under the arrangements by way of profit-related return.

This is subject to subsections (3) to (8) (sums where no significant risk of not arising); and see also section 809EZD (sums treated as carried interest).

(2) A sum which arises to the individual under the arrangements does so by way of “profit-related return” if under the arrangements—

(a) the sum is to, or may, arise only if—

(i) there are profits for a period on the investments, or on particular investments, made for the purposes of the scheme, or

(ii) there are profits arising from a disposal of the investments, or of particular investments, made for those purposes,

(b) the amount of the sum which is to, or may, arise is variable, to a substantial extent, by reference to those profits, and

(c) returns to external investors are also determined by reference to those profits;

but where any part of the sum does not meet these conditions, that part is not to be regarded as arising by way of “profit-related return”.

(3) Where—

(a) one or more sums (“actual sums”) arise to the individual under the arrangements by way of profit-related return in a tax year, and

(b) there was no significant risk that a sum of at least a certain amount (“the minimum amount”) would not arise to the individual,

so much of the actual sum, or of the aggregate of the actual sums, as is equal to the minimum amount is not “carried interest”.

(See subsections (7) and (8) as to how the minimum amount is to be apportioned between the actual sums where more than one actual sum arises in the tax year.)

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3)(b) assess the risk both—

(a) in relation to each actual sum (and the investments to which it relates) individually, taking into account also any other sums that might have arisen to the individual under the arrangements instead of that sum, and

(b) in relation to the actual sum or sums and any other sums that might have arisen to the individual under the arrangements by way of profit-related return in the tax year (and the investments to which all those sums relate) taken as a whole;

(so that, in a particular case, some of the minimum amount may arise by assessing the risk in accordance with paragraph (a) and some by assessing it in accordance with paragraph (b)).

(5) For the purposes of subsection (3)(b) assess the risk as at the latest of—

(a) the time when the individual becomes party to the arrangements,

(b) the time when the individual begins to perform investment management services directly or indirectly in respect of the scheme under the arrangements, and

(c) the time when a material change is made to the arrangements so far as relating to the sums which are to, or may, arise to the individual.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (3)(b) ignore any risk that a sum is prevented from arising to the individual (by reason of insolvency or otherwise).

(7) Where more than one actual sum arises in the tax year, the minimum amount is to be apportioned between the actual sums as follows for the purposes of subsection (3)—

(a) so much of the minimum amount as is attributable to a particular actual sum is to be apportioned to that actual sum, and

(b) so much of the minimum amount as is not attributable to any particular actual sum is to be apportioned between the actual sums on a just and reasonable basis.

(8) For the purpose of subsection (7) any part of the minimum amount is attributable to a particular actual sum to the extent that there was no significant risk that that part would not arise to the individual in relation to that actual sum, assessing the risk in accordance with subsection (4)(a).

809EZD Sums treated as “carried interest” for purposes of section 809EZB U.K.

(1) A sum falling within subsection (2) or (3)—

(a) is to be assumed to meet the requirements of section 809EZC, and

(b) accordingly, is to be treated as constituting “carried interest” for the purposes of section 809EZB.

(2) A sum falls within this subsection if, under the arrangements, it is to, or may, arise to the individual out of profits on the investments made for the purposes of the scheme, but only after—

(a) all, or substantially all, of the investments in the scheme made by the participants have been repaid to the participants, and

(b) each external investor has received a preferred return on all, or substantially all, of the investor's investments in the scheme.

(3) A sum falls within this subsection if, under the arrangements, it is to, or may, arise to the individual out of profits on a particular investment made for the purposes of the scheme, but only after—

(a) all, or substantially all, of the relevant investments made by participants have been repaid to those participants, and

(b) each of those participants who is an external investor has received a preferred return on all, or substantially all, of the investor's relevant investments;

and for this purpose “relevant investments” means those investments in the scheme to which the particular investment made for the purposes of the scheme is attributable.

(4) In this section “preferred return” means a return of not less than the amount that would be payable on the investment by way of interest if—

(a) compound interest were payable on the investment for the whole of the period during which it was invested in the scheme, and

(b) the interest were calculated at a rate of 6% per annum, with annual rests.

809EZE Interpretation of Chapter U.K.

(1) In this Chapter—

• “arrangements” includes any agreement, understanding, scheme, transaction or series of transactions (whether or not legally enforceable);

• “collective investment scheme” has the meaning given by section 235 of FISMA 2000;

• “external investor”, in relation to an investment scheme and any arrangements, means a participant in the scheme other than—

  (a)

  an individual who performs investment management services directly or indirectly in respect of the scheme, or

  (b)

  a person through whom sums are to, or may, arise directly or indirectly to such an individual from the scheme under the arrangements;

• “investment management services”, in relation to an investment scheme, includes—

  (a)

  seeking funds for the purposes of the scheme from participants or potential participants,

  (b)

  researching potential investments to be made for the purposes of the scheme,

  (c)

  acquiring, managing or disposing of property for the purposes of the scheme, and

  (d)

  acting for the purposes of the scheme with a view to assisting a body in which the scheme has made an investment to raise funds;

• “investment trust” means a company in relation to which conditions A to C in section 1158 of CTA 2010 are met (or treated as met); and for this purpose “company” has the meaning given by section 1121 of CTA 2010;

• “market value” has the same meaning as in TCGA 1992 (see sections 272 and 273 of that Act);

• “participant”—

  (a)

  in relation to a collective investment scheme, is construed in accordance with section 235 of FISMA 2000;

  (b)

  in relation to an investment trust, means a member of the investment trust;

• “profits”, in relation to an investment made for the purposes of an investment scheme, means profits (including unrealised profits) arising from the acquisition, holding, management or disposal of the investment (taking into account items of a revenue nature and items of a capital nature).

(2) In this Chapter a reference to an investment made by a person in an investment scheme is a reference to a contribution by the person (whether by way of capital, loan or otherwise) towards the property subject to the scheme (but does not include a sum committed but not yet invested).

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2) a person who holds a share in an investment scheme which is a company limited by shares and who acquired the share from a person other than the scheme is to be taken to have made a contribution towards the property subject to the scheme equal to—

(a) the consideration given by the person for the acquisition of the share, or

(b) if less, the market value of the share at the time of the acquisition.

(4) In this Chapter, in relation to an investment scheme which is a company limited by shares—

(a) references to a repayment of, or a return on, an investment in the scheme include a repayment of, or a return on, an investment represented by a share in the scheme resulting from—

(i) the purchase of the share by the scheme,

(ii) the redemption of the share by the scheme,

(iii) the distribution of assets in respect of the share on the winding up of the scheme, or

(iv) any similar process;

(b) references to a return on an investment in the scheme include a dividend or similar distribution in respect of a share in the scheme representing the investment.

809EZF Disguised investment management fees: anti-avoidance U.K.

In determining whether section 809EZA applies in relation to an individual, no regard is to be had to any arrangements the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, of which is to secure that that section does not apply in relation to—

(a) the individual, or

(b) the individual and one or more other individuals.

809EZG Disguised investment management fees: avoidance of double taxation U.K.

(1) This section applies where—

(a) income tax is charged on an individual by virtue of section 809EZA in respect of a disguised fee, and

(b) at any time, a tax (whether income tax or another tax) is charged on the individual otherwise than by virtue of section 809EZA in relation to the disguised fee.

(2) This section also applies where—

(a) income tax is charged on an individual by virtue of section 809EZA in respect of a disguised fee which arises to the individual under the arrangements by way of a loan or advance,

(b) at any time, a tax (whether income tax or another tax) is charged on the individual in relation to another sum which arises to the individual under the arrangements, and

(c) some or all of the loan or advance has to be repaid as a result of the other sum having arisen to the individual.

(3) In order to avoid a double charge to tax, the individual may make a claim for one or more consequential adjustments to be made in respect of the tax charged as mentioned in subsection (1)(b) or (2)(b).

(4) On a claim under this section an officer of Revenue and Customs must make such of the consequential adjustments claimed (if any) as are just and reasonable.

(5) The value of any consequential adjustments must not exceed the lesser of the income tax charged on the individual as mentioned in subsection (1)(a) or (2)(a) and—

(a) where subsection (1) applies, the tax charged as mentioned in subsection (1)(b);

(b) where subsection (2) applies, the tax charged as mentioned in subsection (2)(b) in relation to so much of the other sum as does not exceed the amount of the loan or advance that has to be repaid as mentioned in subsection (2)(c).

(6) Consequential adjustments may be made—

(a) in respect of any period,

(b) by way of an assessment, the modification of an assessment, the amendment of a claim, or otherwise, and

(c) despite any time limit imposed by or under any enactment.

809EZH Powers to amend Chapter U.K.

(1) The Treasury may by regulations amend this Chapter—

(a) so as to change the definition of “investment scheme” for the purposes of this Chapter;

(b) so as to change the definition of “participant” for those purposes;

(c) so as to change what is “carried interest” for the purposes of section 809EZB.

(2) Regulations under this section may—

(a) make different provision for different purposes, and

(b) contain incidental, supplemental, consequential and transitional provision and savings.

(3) A statutory instrument containing regulations under this section to which subsection (4) applies may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before and approved by a resolution of the House of Commons.

(4) This subsection applies if the regulations contain any provision which has or may have the effect of increasing any person's liability to tax.

(5) Any other statutory instrument containing regulations under this section is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the House of Commons.]

[F122 Chapter 6 U.K. Avoidance involving leases of plant and machinery

Textual Amendments

F122 Pt. 13 Ch. 6 inserted (21.7.2008 with effect in accordance with Sch. 20 para. 2(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2008 (c. 9), Sch. 20 para. 2(1) (with Sch. 20 para. 2(3))

809ZA Plant and machinery leases: capital receipts to be treated as income U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) there is an unconditional obligation, under a lease of plant or machinery or a relevant arrangement, to make a relevant capital payment (at any time), or

(b) a relevant capital payment is made under such a lease or arrangement otherwise than in pursuance of such an obligation.

(2) The lessor is treated for income tax purposes as receiving income attributable to the lease of an amount equal to the amount of the capital payment.

[F123 (3) If subsection (1)(a) applies, the income is treated as income for the period of account in which there is first an obligation of the kind mentioned there.

(4) If subsection (1)(b) applies, the income is treated as income for the period of account in which the capital payment is made.

(5) For the meaning of “capital payment” and “relevant capital payment”, see section 809ZE.

(6) For the meaning of other expressions used in this section or section 809ZC, 809ZD or 809ZE, see section 809ZF.]

Textual Amendments

F123 S. 809ZA(3)-(6) substituted for s. 809ZA(3) (with effect in accordance with s. 1184(1) of the amending Act) by Corporation Tax Act 2010 (c. 4), s. 1184(1), Sch. 1 para. 548 (with Sch. 2)

F124 809ZB Section 809ZA: interpretation U.K.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F124 S. 809ZB repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 1184(1) of the amending Act) by Corporation Tax Act 2010 (c. 4), s. 1184(1), Sch. 1 para. 549, Sch. 3 Pt. 1 (with Sch. 2)

809ZC Section 809ZA: lease of plant and machinery and other property U.K.

(1) This section applies if section 809ZA applies in relation to a lease of plant or machinery and other property (see [F125 section 809ZF(3)]).

(2) The relevant capital payment is to be apportioned, on a just and reasonable basis, between—

(a) the plant and machinery, and

(b) the other property.

(3) If the income (if any) received by the lessor that is attributable to any of the plant or machinery is chargeable to tax under Part 3 of ITTOIA 2005 (property income), treat that plant or machinery as falling within subsection (2)(b) (and not subsection (2)(a)).

(4) Section 809ZA(2) has effect as if the reference to the amount of the capital payment were to such amount as is apportioned under subsection (2) in respect of the plant or machinery within subsection (2)(a).

Textual Amendments

F125 Words in s. 809ZC(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 1184(1) of the amending Act) by Corporation Tax Act 2010 (c. 4), s. 1184(1), Sch. 1 para. 550 (with Sch. 2)

809ZD Section 809ZA: expectation that relevant capital payment will not be paid U.K.

(1) This section applies for income tax purposes if—

(a) section 809ZA applies by virtue of subsection (1)(a) of that section, and

(b) at any time, the lessor reasonably expects that the relevant capital payment will not be paid (or will not be paid in full).

(2) For the purposes of calculating the profits of the lessor, a deduction is allowed for the period of account which includes that time.

(3) The amount of the deduction is equal to the amount reasonably expected not to be paid.

(4) No other deduction is allowed in respect of the matters mentioned in subsection (1).]

[F126 809ZE Capital payment”, “relevant capital payment” etc U.K.

(1) This section gives the meaning of “capital payment”, “relevant capital payment” and references to payment for the purposes of sections 809ZA to 809ZD and this section.

(2) “Capital payment” means any payment except one which, if made to the lessor—

(a) would fall to be included in a calculation of the lessor's income for income tax purposes, or

(b) would so fall but for section 148A of ITTOIA 2005 (rental earnings under long funding finance lease).

(3) A capital payment, in relation to a lease or relevant arrangement, is “relevant” if condition A or B is met (but this is subject to subsections (6) and (7)).

(4) Condition A is that the capital payment is payable (or paid), directly or indirectly, by or on behalf of the lessee to the lessor or another person on the lessor's behalf in connection with—

(a) the grant, assignment, novation or termination of the lease, or

(b) any provision of the lease or relevant arrangement (including the variation or waiver of any such provision).

(5) Condition B is that rentals payable under the lease are less than, or payable later than, they might reasonably be expected to be if there were no obligation to make the capital payment and it were not made.

(6) A capital payment is not “relevant” so far as it—

(a) reduces the amount of expenditure incurred by the lessor for the purposes of CAA 2001 in respect of the plant or machinery in question or would reduce it but for section 536 of that Act (contributions not made by public bodies and not eligible for tax relief), or

(b) is compensation for loss resulting from damage to, or damage caused by, the plant or machinery in question.

(7) If—

(a) a capital payment is an initial payment under a long funding lease for the purposes of Part 2 of CAA 2001 (see section 70YI of that Act), and

(b) under section 61 of that Act (disposal events and disposal values) the commencement of the term of the lease (as defined in section 70YI of that Act) is an event that requires the lessor to bring a disposal value into account,

the capital payment is only “relevant” so far as it exceeds the amount that is the disposal value for the purposes of Part 2 of that Act.

(8) References to payment include the provision of value by any means other than the making of a payment.

(9) Accordingly—

(a) references to the making of a payment include the passing of value by any other means, and

(b) references to the amount of the payment include the value passed.

Textual Amendments

F126 Ss. 809ZE , 809ZF inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 1184(1) of the amending Act) by Corporation Tax Act 2010 (c. 4), s. 1184(1), Sch. 1 para. 551 (with Sch. 2)

809ZF Further interpretation of section 809ZA etc U.K.

(1) This section applies for the purposes of sections 809ZA to 809ZE and this section.

(2) “Lease” includes—

(a) a licence, and

(b) the letting of a ship or aircraft on charter or the letting of any other asset on hire,

and “lessor” and “lessee” must be read accordingly.

(3) “Lease of plant or machinery” includes a lease of plant or machinery and other property, but does not include a lease to which subsection (4) or (5) applies.

(4) This subsection applies to a lease if any income attributable to it and received by the lessor would be chargeable to tax under Part 3 of ITTOIA 2005 (property income).

(5) This subsection applies to a lease of plant or machinery if the lessor has incurred on the plant or machinery what would be qualifying expenditure within the meaning of Part 2 of CAA 2001 but for section 34A of that Act (expenditure on plant or machinery for long funding leasing not qualifying expenditure).

(6) “Relevant arrangement” means any agreement or arrangement relating to a lease of plant or machinery, including one made before the lease is entered into or after it has ended.

(7) Accordingly, “lessor” and “lessee” include prospective and former lessors and lessees.]

Textual Amendments

F126 Ss. 809ZE , 809ZF inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 1184(1) of the amending Act) by Corporation Tax Act 2010 (c. 4), s. 1184(1), Sch. 1 para. 551 (with Sch. 2)

[F127 Chapter 7 U.K. Avoidance involving obtaining tax relief for interest

Textual Amendments

F127 Pt. 13 Ch. 7 inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 381(1) of the amending Act) by Taxation (International and Other Provisions) Act 2010 (c. 8), s. 381(1), Sch. 7 para. 52 (with Sch. 9 paras. 1-9, 22)

809ZG Tax relief schemes and arrangements U.K.

(1) Relief is not to be given under any provision of the Income Tax Acts to a person in respect of a payment of interest if a tax relief scheme has been effected, or tax relief arrangements have been made, in relation to the transaction under which the interest is paid.

(2) Subsection (1) applies whether the tax relief scheme is effected, or the tax relief arrangements are made, before or after the transaction.

(3) A scheme is a tax relief scheme in relation to a transaction for the purposes of subsection (1) if it is such that the sole or main benefit that might be expected to accrue to the person from the transaction is the obtaining of a reduction in tax liability by means of relief under the Income Tax Acts.

(4) Arrangements are tax relief arrangements in relation to a transaction for the purposes of subsection (1) if they are such that the sole or main benefit that might be expected to accrue to the person from the transaction is the obtaining of a reduction in tax liability by means of relief under the Income Tax Acts.

(5) In this section “relief” means relief by way of—

(a) deduction in calculating profits or gains, or

(b) deduction or set off against income.]

[F128 CHAPTER 8 U.K. Tainted charity donations

Textual Amendments

F128 Pt. 13 Ch. 8 inserted (19.7.2011) (with effect in accordance with Sch. 3 para. 27 28 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2011 (c. 11), Sch. 3 para. 1

Introduction U.K.

809ZH Overview of Chapter U.K.

(1) This Chapter makes provision for removing entitlement to income tax reliefs, and counteracting income tax advantages, where a person makes a relievable charity donation which is a tainted donation.

(2) See section 257A of TCGA 1992 and Part 21C of CTA 2010 for the removal of entitlement to other reliefs where a person makes a relievable charity donation which is a tainted donation.

809ZI Relievable charity donations U.K.

(1) In this Chapter “relievable charity donation” means a gift or other disposal which—

(a) is made by a person to a charity, and

(b) is eligible for tax relief.

(2) A gift or other disposal is eligible for tax relief if one or both of the following apply—

(a) (ignoring the tainted donation provisions) tax relief would be available in respect of it under a relevant relieving provision;

(b) the charity is entitled to claim a repayment of tax in respect of it.

(3) “The tainted donation provisions” are—

(a) this Chapter,

(b) section 257A of TCGA 1992 (tainted charity donations: disapplication of section 257), and

(c) Part 21C of CTA 2010 (tainted charity donations: removal of corporation tax reliefs).

(4) The following are “relevant relieving provisions”—

(a) section 257 of TCGA 1992 (gifts of chargeable assets),

(b) section 63(2)(a), (aa) and (ab) of CAA 2001 (gifts of plant and machinery),

(c) Part 12 of ITEPA 2003 (payroll giving),

(d) section 108 of ITTOIA 2005 (gifts of trading stock),

(e) Chapters 2 and 3 of Part 8 of this Act (gift aid and gifts of shares),

(f) section 105 of CTA 2009 (gifts of trading stock), and

(g) Part 6 of CTA 2010 (charitable donations relief).

(5) For the purposes of this Chapter, an amount of income which arises under a UK settlement and to which a charity is entitled under the terms of the settlement is to be regarded as an amount gifted to the charity by the trustees of the settlement.

“UK settlement” has the same meaning as in section 628 of ITTOIA 2005.

Tainted donations U.K.

809ZJ Tainted donations U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter, a relievable charity donation is a tainted donation if (and only if) Conditions A, B and C are met.

(2) Condition A is that—

(a) a linked person enters into arrangements (whether before or after the donation is made), and

(b) it is reasonable to assume from either or both of—

(i) the likely effects of the donation and the arrangements, and

(ii) the circumstances in which the donation is made and the circumstances in which the arrangements are entered into,

that the donation would not have been made and the arrangements would not have been entered into independently of one another.

(3) “Linked person” means—

(a) the person who made the donation (“the donor”), or

(b) a person connected with the donor at a relevant time.

(4) In subsection (3) “relevant time” means a time during the period which begins with the earliest, and ends with the latest, of the following times—

(a) the time when the arrangements are entered into as mentioned in subsection (2);

(b) the time when the relievable charity donation is made;

(c) the time when the arrangements are first materially implemented.

(5) Condition B is that the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, of the linked person in entering into the arrangements is to obtain a financial advantage—

(a) directly or indirectly from the charity to which the donation is made or a connected charity,

(b) for one or more linked persons who are not charities (each of whom is referred to in this Chapter as “a potentially advantaged person”).

(6) Condition C is that the donor is not—

(a) a qualifying charity-owned company, or

(b) a relevant housing provider linked with the charity to which the donation is made.

(7) For the purposes of subsection (6)(b) a relevant housing provider is linked with the charity if (and only if)—

(a) one is wholly owned, or subject to control, by the other, or

(b) both are wholly owned, or subject to control, by the same person.

(8) In this section—

• “qualifying charity-owned company”, in relation to a relievable charity donation, means a company which—

  (a)

  is wholly owned by one or more charities, at least one of which is the charity to which the donation is made or a connected charity, and

  (b)

  has not previously been under the control of, and does not carry on a trade or business previously carried on by, one or more of the following—

  (i)

  a potentially advantaged person;

  (ii)

  a person (other than a charity) who, at any time within the period of 4 years ending with the day on which paragraph (a) was first satisfied, was connected with a person who is a potentially advantaged person;

• “relevant housing provider” means a body which is—

  (a)

  a non-profit registered provider of social housing, or

  (b)

  entered on a register maintained under section 1 of the Housing Act 1996, section 20 of the Housing (Scotland) Act 2010 (asp 17) or Article 14 of the Housing (Northern Ireland) Order 1992 (S.I. 1992/1725 (N.I. 15)).

(9) Section 200 of CTA 2010 (company wholly owned by a charity) applies for the purposes of subsection (8), and for those purposes references in that section to “charity” include a registered club within the meaning of section 658(6) of that Act.

(10) This section is subject to section 809ZL (certain financial advantages to be ignored).

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C5 S. 809ZJ(8) modified (temp.) (19.7.2011) by Finance Act 2011 (c. 11), Sch. 3 para. 31(a)

809ZK Circumstances in which financial advantage deemed to be obtained U.K.

(1) This section applies for the purposes of Condition B.

(2) Subsection (3) applies where the arrangements entered into by the linked person (as mentioned in Condition A) involve a transaction to which—

(a) that or any other linked person (“X”), and

(b) another person (“Y”),

are parties.

(3) X obtains a financial advantage from the charity to which the donation is made or a connected charity if—

(a) the terms of the transaction are less beneficial to Y or more beneficial to X (or both) than those which might reasonably be expected in a transaction concluded between parties dealing at arm's length, or

(b) the transaction is not of a kind which a person dealing at arm's length and in place of Y might reasonably be expected to make.

(4) Nothing in this section is intended to limit the circumstances in which a linked person may be regarded as obtaining a financial advantage for the purposes of section 809ZJ.

(5) In this section—

• “Condition A” and “Condition B” have the same meaning as in section 809ZJ;

• “linked person” has the meaning given by section 809ZJ(3);

• “transaction” includes (for example)—

  (a)

  the sale or letting of property,

  (b)

  the provision of services,

  (c)

  the exchange of property,

  (d)

  the provision of a loan or any other form of financial assistance, and

  (e)

  investment in a business.

809ZL Certain financial advantages to be ignored U.K.

(1) When determining whether a relievable charity donation is a tainted donation, a financial advantage within subsection (2), (3), (4) or (5) is to be ignored.

(2) A financial advantage is within this subsection if the person for whom it is obtained applies the advantage for charitable purposes only.

(3) A financial advantage is within this subsection if (ignoring the tainted donation provisions) it is—

(a) a benefit associated with a gift which is a qualifying donation for the purposes of Chapter 2 of Part 8 (gift aid), or

(b) a benefit associated with a payment which is a qualifying payment for the purposes of Chapter 2 of Part 6 of CTA 2010 (charitable donations relief: payments to charity).

(4) A financial advantage is within this subsection if (ignoring the tainted donation provisions)—

(a) the relievable charity donation is a disposal in respect of which tax relief would be available under Chapter 3 of Part 8 of this Act (gifts of shares, securities and real property to charities etc) or Chapter 3 of Part 6 of CTA 2010 (charitable donations: certain disposals to charity), and

(b) the advantage is a benefit the value of which would be taken into account in determining the relievable amount in respect of the disposal for the purposes of the Chapter in question.

(5) A financial advantage is within this subsection if (ignoring the tainted donation provisions)—

(a) the relievable charity donation is a gift in respect of which tax relief would be available under section 108 of ITTOIA 2005 or section 105 of CTA 2009 (gifts of trading stock to charities etc), and

(b) the advantage is a benefit attributable to the making of the gift in respect of which an amount would be brought into account under section 109 of ITTOIA 2005 or section 108 of CTA 2009 (receipt of benefits by donor or connected person).

(6) In this section—

• “benefit associated with a gift” has the meaning given by section 417;

• “benefit associated with a payment” has the meaning given by section 196 of CTA 2010;

• “the tainted donation provisions” has the meaning given by section 809ZI(3).

Removal of reliefs and imposition of charge to tax U.K.

809ZM Removal of income tax relief in respect of tainted donations etc U.K.

(1) This section applies where a tainted donation is made by a person.

(2) Where (ignoring this Chapter) income tax relief would be available in respect of the tainted donation, that relief is not available.

(3) Where—

(a) (ignoring this Chapter) income tax relief would be available in respect of an associated donation, and

(b) entitlement to that relief is not withdrawn by subsection (2),

that relief is not available.

(4) In this section—

• “associated donation”, in relation to a tainted donation, means a relievable charity donation made—

  (a)

  in accordance with the relevant arrangements, and

  (b)

  by a person, other than—

  (i)

  a qualifying charity-owned company in relation to that relievable charity donation, or

  (ii)

  a relevant housing provider linked (within the meaning of section 809ZJ(7)) with the charity to which that donation is made;

• “income tax relief” means relief under—

  (a)

  section 63(2)(a), (aa) or (ab) of CAA 2001 (gifts of plant and machinery), so far as it applies in relation to income tax,

  (b)

  Part 12 of ITEPA 2003 (payroll giving),

  (c)

  section 108 of ITTOIA 2005 (gifts of trading stock),

  (d)

  Chapter 2 of Part 8 of this Act (gift aid), or

  (e)

  Chapter 3 of that Part (gifts of shares etc);

• “qualifying charity-owned company” has the meaning given by section 809ZJ(8) (except that paragraph (b) of that definition does not apply);

• “relevant housing provider” has the meaning given by section 809ZJ(8);

• “the relevant arrangements”, in relation to a tainted donation, means the arrangements by reference to which Conditions A and B in section 809ZJ are met.

(5) Where entitlement to relief is withdrawn under this section in respect of a donation—

(a) subsections (6) and (7) apply if the relief is under Chapter 2 of Part 8 (gift aid), and

(b) subsection (8) applies if the relief is under Part 12 of ITEPA 2003 (payroll giving).

(6) For the purposes of Step 2 in section 58(1), the donation is not a qualifying donation for the purposes of Chapter 2 of Part 8.

(7) But—

(a) the donation remains a qualifying donation for the purposes of—

(i) Part 10 (special rules about charitable trusts etc),

(ii) section 899(5) (meaning of “qualifying annual payment”),

(iii) Chapter 2 of Part 11 of CTA 2010 (charitable companies: gifts and other payments),

(iv) section 664 of that Act (community amateur sports clubs: exemption for interest and gift aid income), and

(b) accordingly, section 414(2)(a) (donation treated as made after deduction of basic rate income tax) applies for the purposes of section 520(4) (income tax treated as deducted to be treated as income tax paid by charitable trust).

(8) The donation remains a donation for the purposes of Part 12 of ITEPA 2003 for the purposes of—

(a) section 521A (gifts under payroll deduction scheme: income tax liability and exemption), and

(b) section 472A of CTA 2010 (gifts under payroll reduction scheme: corporation tax liability and exemption).

809ZN Income tax charge where gift aid is withdrawn U.K.

(1) Income tax is charged under this section if—

(a) a person makes a tainted donation in a tax year,

(b) (ignoring this Chapter) relief would have been available under Chapter 2 of Part 8 in respect of the tainted donation or an associated donation (“the gift aid donation”), and

(c) the charity to which the gift aid donation is made is entitled to claim a repayment of tax in respect of that donation.

(2) The amount of the tax charged under this section is equal to the amount of the repayment of tax which the charity is entitled to claim in respect of the gift aid donation (whether or not such a claim is made).

(3) Each of the persons mentioned in subsection (4) is liable for any tax charged under this section, and the liability of those persons is joint and several.

(4) The persons are—

(a) the donor in respect of the gift aid donation,

(b) if different, the donor in respect of the tainted donation,

(c) each potentially advantaged person under the relevant arrangements relating to the tainted donation, and

(d) any charity to which the gift aid donation or (if different) the tainted donation is made, or any connected charity, which falls within subsection (5).

(5) A charity falls within this subsection if the charity—

(a) is or was party to the relevant arrangements relating to the tainted donation, and

(b) was aware, at the time it entered into those arrangements, that a linked person was entering (or had entered or was likely to enter) into the arrangements in circumstances falling within Condition B in section 809ZJ.

(6) No liability to income tax arises under this section in respect of a repayment of tax, if (and to the extent that) the repayment is itself repaid to the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs under any other provision of the Tax Acts.

(7) In this section—

• “associated donation” has the same meaning as in section 809ZM;

• “linked person” has the same meaning as in section 809ZJ;

• “the relevant arrangements” has the same meaning as in section 809ZM.

809ZO Income tax charge where payment of trust income to charity U.K.

(1) Income tax is charged under this section if—

(a) a person makes a tainted donation in a tax year,

(b) the tainted donation or an associated donation is a payment by the trustees of a settlement of income arising under the settlement (“the trust donation”), and

(c) the charity to which the trust donation is made is entitled to claim a repayment of tax in respect of that donation.

(2) The amount of the tax charged under this section is equal to the amount of the repayment of tax which the charity is entitled to claim in respect of the trust donation (whether or not such a claim is made).

(3) Each of the persons mentioned in subsection (4) is liable for any tax charged under this section, and the liability of those persons is joint and several.

(4) The persons are—

(a) the trustees of the settlement who made the trust donation,

(b) if different, the donor in respect of the tainted donation,

(c) if section 628 or 630 of ITTOIA 2005 (gifts from settlor-interested trusts etc) applies in relation to the income out of which the trust donation is made, the settlor in relation to the settlement,

(d) each potentially advantaged person under the relevant arrangements relating to the tainted donation,

(e) any beneficiary of the settlement who is party to those arrangements, and

(f) any charity to which the trust donation or (if different) the tainted donation is made, or any connected charity, which falls within subsection (5).

(5) A charity falls within this subsection if—

(a) the charity is or was party to the relevant arrangements relating to the tainted donation, and

(b) the charity was aware, at the time it entered into those arrangements, that a linked person was entering (or had entered or was likely to enter) into the arrangements in circumstances falling within Condition B in section 809ZJ.

(6) No liability to income tax arises under this section in respect of a repayment of tax if that repayment is itself repaid to the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs under any other provision of the Tax Acts.

(7) In this section—

• “associated donation” has the same meaning as in section 809ZM;

• “linked person” has the same meaning as in section 809ZJ;

• “the relevant arrangements” has the same meaning as in section 809ZM;

• “settlement” and “settlor” have the same meaning as in Chapter 5 of Part 5 of ITTOIA 2005 (see section 620 of that Act).

Supplementary U.K.

809ZP Connected charities U.K.

For the purposes of this Chapter, a “connected charity” in relation to another charity means a charity which is connected with that other charity in a matter relating to the structure, administration or control of either charity.

809ZQ Connected persons U.K.

(1) Section 993 (meaning of “connected” persons) applies for the purposes of this Chapter—

(a) subject to section 809ZP, and

(b) as if, after subsection (7) there were inserted the provision in subsection (2).

(2) That provision is—

“(8) A person who is a beneficiary of a settlement is connected with—

(a) a person in the capacity as trustee of the settlement, and

(b) the settlor in relation to the settlement.

(9) For the purposes of this section—

(a) a man and woman living together as husband and wife are treated as if they were husband and wife,

(b) two people of the same sex living together as if they were civil partners of each other are treated as if they were civil partners of each other, and

(c) “close company” includes a company that would be a close company if it were resident in the United Kingdom.”

809ZR Minor definitions U.K.

(1) In this Chapter—

• “arrangements” includes any scheme, arrangement or understanding of any kind, whether or not legally enforceable, involving a single transaction or two or more transactions;

• “charity” includes a registered club within the meaning of section 658(6) of CTA 2010 (meaning of “community amateur sports club” and “registered club”).

(2) In this Chapter, in the case of a charitable trust, references to a charity being entitled to a repayment of, or liable to pay, tax are to be read as references to the trustees of the trust being so entitled or liable.]