In this Part—

• “associate” has the meaning given by section 253,

• “company” includes any body corporate or unincorporated association but does not include a partnership, and is to be read in accordance with section 99 of TCGA 1992 (unit trust schemes),

• “director” is read in accordance with F1section 452 of CTA 2010,

• “group” means a parent company and its qualifying subsidiaries,

• “group company”, in relation to a group, means the parent company or any of its qualifying subsidiaries,

• “ordinary shares” means shares forming part of a company's ordinary share capital,

• “parent company” means a company that has one or more qualifying subsidiaries and “single company” means a company that does not,

• “research and development” has the meaning given by section 1006, and

• “shares” includes stock.