http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/part/2Coroners and Justice Act 2009An Act to amend the law relating to coroners, to investigation of deaths and to certification and registration of deaths; to amend the criminal law; to make provision about criminal justice and about dealing with offenders; to make provision about the Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses; to make provision relating to the security of court and other buildings; to make provision about legal aid and about payments for legal services provided in connection with employment matters; to make provision for payments to be made by offenders in respect of benefits derived from the exploitation of material pertaining to offences; to amend the Data Protection Act 1998; and for connected purposes.texttext/xmlenStatute Law Database2024-09-27Expert Participation2024-09-18 Part 2 Criminal offencesChapter 1Murder, infanticide and suicide<Emphasis>Partial defence to murder: diminished responsibility</Emphasis>Persons suffering from diminished responsibility (England and Wales)521In section 2 of the Homicide Act 1957 (c. 11) (persons suffering from diminished responsibility), for subsection (1) substitute—1A person (“D”) who kills or is a party to the killing of another is not to be convicted of murder if D was suffering from an abnormality of mental functioning which—aarose from a recognised medical condition,bsubstantially impaired D's ability to do one or more of the things mentioned in subsection (1A), andcprovides an explanation for D's acts and omissions in doing or being a party to the killing.1AThose things are—ato understand the nature of D's conduct;bto form a rational judgment;cto exercise self-control.1BFor the purposes of subsection (1)(c), an abnormality of mental functioning provides an explanation for D's conduct if it causes, or is a significant contributory factor in causing, D to carry out that conduct.2In section 6 of the Criminal Procedure (Insanity) Act 1964 (c. 84) (evidence by prosecution of insanity or diminished responsibility), in paragraph (b) for “mind” substitute “ mental functioning ”.Persons suffering from diminished responsibility (Northern Ireland)531Section 5 of the Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (c. 20) (effect, in cases of homicide, of impaired mental responsibility) is amended as follows.2For subsection (1) substitute—1A person (“D”) who kills or is a party to the killing of another is not to be convicted of murder if D was suffering from an abnormality of mental functioning which—aarose from a recognised mental condition,bsubstantially impaired D's ability to do one or more of the things mentioned in subsection (1A), andcprovides an explanation for D's acts and omissions in doing or being a party to the killing.1AThose things are—ato understand the nature of D's conduct;bto form a rational judgment;cto exercise self-control.1BFor the purposes of subsection (1)(c), an abnormality of mental functioning provides an explanation for D's conduct if it causes, or is a significant contributory factor in causing, D to carry out that conduct.1CWhere, but for this section, D would be liable, whether as principal or as accessory, to be convicted of murder, D is liable instead to be convicted of manslaughter.3In subsection (2), for “subsection (1)” substitute “ subsection (1C) ”.4In subsections (4) and (5), for “mental abnormality” substitute “ abnormality of mental functioning ”.<Emphasis>Partial defence to murder: loss of control</Emphasis>Partial defence to murder: loss of control541Where a person (“D”) kills or is a party to the killing of another (“V”), D is not to be convicted of murder if—aD's acts and omissions in doing or being a party to the killing resulted from D's loss of self-control,bthe loss of self-control had a qualifying trigger, andca person of D's sex and age, with a normal degree of tolerance and self-restraint and in the circumstances of D, might have reacted in the same or in a similar way to D.2For the purposes of subsection (1)(a), it does not matter whether or not the loss of control was sudden.3In subsection (1)(c) the reference to “the circumstances of D” is a reference to all of D's circumstances other than those whose only relevance to D's conduct is that they bear on D's general capacity for tolerance or self-restraint.4Subsection (1) does not apply if, in doing or being a party to the killing, D acted in a considered desire for revenge.5On a charge of murder, if sufficient evidence is adduced to raise an issue with respect to the defence under subsection (1), the jury must assume that the defence is satisfied unless the prosecution proves beyond reasonable doubt that it is not.6For the purposes of subsection (5), sufficient evidence is adduced to raise an issue with respect to the defence if evidence is adduced on which, in the opinion of the trial judge, a jury, properly directed, could reasonably conclude that the defence might apply.7A person who, but for this section, would be liable to be convicted of murder is liable instead to be convicted of manslaughter.8The fact that one party to a killing is by virtue of this section not liable to be convicted of murder does not affect the question whether the killing amounted to murder in the case of any other party to it.Meaning of “qualifying trigger”551This section applies for the purposes of section 54.2A loss of self-control had a qualifying trigger if subsection (3), (4) or (5) applies.3This subsection applies if D's loss of self-control was attributable to D's fear of serious violence from V against D or another identified person.4This subsection applies if D's loss of self-control was attributable to a thing or things done or said (or both) which—aconstituted circumstances of an extremely grave character, andbcaused D to have a justifiable sense of being seriously wronged.5This subsection applies if D's loss of self-control was attributable to a combination of the matters mentioned in subsections (3) and (4).6In determining whether a loss of self-control had a qualifying trigger—aD's fear of serious violence is to be disregarded to the extent that it was caused by a thing which D incited to be done or said for the purpose of providing an excuse to use violence;ba sense of being seriously wronged by a thing done or said is not justifiable if D incited the thing to be done or said for the purpose of providing an excuse to use violence;cthe fact that a thing done or said constituted sexual infidelity is to be disregarded.7In this section references to “D” and “V” are to be construed in accordance with section 54.Abolition of common law defence of provocation561The common law defence of provocation is abolished and replaced by sections 54 and 55.2Accordingly, the following provisions cease to have effect—asection 3 of the Homicide Act 1957 (c. 11) (questions of provocation to be left to the jury);bsection 7 of the Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (c. 20) (questions of provocation to be left to the jury).<Emphasis>Infanticide</Emphasis>Infanticide (England and Wales)571Section 1 of the Infanticide Act 1938 (c. 36) (offence of infanticide) is amended as follows.2In subsection (1)—afor “notwithstanding that” substitute “ if ”, andbafter “murder” insert “ or manslaughter ”.3In subsection (2)—afor “notwithstanding that” substitute “ if ”, andbafter “murder” insert “ or manslaughter ”.Infanticide (Northern Ireland)581Section 1 of the Infanticide Act (Northern Ireland) 1939 (c. 5) (offence of infanticide) is amended as follows.2In subsection (1)—afor “notwithstanding that” substitute “ if ”, andbafter “murder” insert “ or manslaughter ”.3In subsection (2)—afor “notwithstanding that” substitute “ if ”, andbafter “murder” insert “ or manslaughter ”.<Emphasis>Suicide</Emphasis>Encouraging or assisting suicide (England and Wales)591The Suicide Act 1961 (c. 60) is amended as follows.2In section 2 (criminal liability for complicity in another's suicide), for subsection (1) substitute—1A person (“D”) commits an offence if—aD does an act capable of encouraging or assisting the suicide or attempted suicide of another person, andbD's act was intended to encourage or assist suicide or an attempt at suicide.1AThe person referred to in subsection (1)(a) need not be a specific person (or class of persons) known to, or identified by, D.1BD may commit an offence under this section whether or not a suicide, or an attempt at suicide, occurs.1CAn offence under this section is triable on indictment and a person convicted of such an offence is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years.3In subsection (2) of that section, for “it” to the end substitute “ of a person it is proved that the deceased person committed suicide, and the accused committed an offence under subsection (1) in relation to that suicide, the jury may find the accused guilty of the offence under subsection (1). ”4After that section insert—Acts capable of encouraging or assisting2A1If D arranges for a person (“D2”) to do an act that is capable of encouraging or assisting the suicide or attempted suicide of another person and D2 does that act, D is also to be treated for the purposes of this Act as having done it.2Where the facts are such that an act is not capable of encouraging or assisting suicide or attempted suicide, for the purposes of this Act it is to be treated as so capable if the act would have been so capable had the facts been as D believed them to be at the time of the act or had subsequent events happened in the manner D believed they would happen (or both).3A reference in this Act to a person (“P”) doing an act that is capable of encouraging the suicide or attempted suicide of another person includes a reference to P doing so by threatening another person or otherwise putting pressure on another person to commit or attempt suicide.Course of conduct2BA reference in this Act to an act includes a reference to a course of conduct, and a reference to doing an act is to be read accordingly.Encouraging or assisting suicide (Northern Ireland)601The Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (c. 20) is amended as follows.2In section 13 (criminal liability for complicity in another's suicide), for subsection (1) substitute—1A person (“D”) commits an offence if—aD does an act capable of encouraging or assisting the suicide or attempted suicide of another person, andbD's act was intended to encourage or assist suicide or an attempt at suicide.1AThe person referred to in subsection (1)(a) need not be a specific person (or class of persons) known to, or identified by, D.1BD may commit an offence under this section whether or not a suicide, or an attempt at suicide, occurs.1CAn offence under this section is triable on indictment and a person convicted of such an offence is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years.3In subsection (2) of that section, for “it” to the end substitute “ of a person it is proved that the deceased person committed suicide, and the person charged committed an offence under subsection (1) in relation to that suicide, the jury may find the person charged guilty of the offence under subsection (1). ”4After that section insert—Acts capable of encouraging or assisting13A1If D arranges for a person (“D2”) to do an act that is capable of encouraging or assisting the suicide or attempted suicide of another person and D2 does that act, D is also to be treated for the purposes of section 13 as having done it.2Where the facts are such that an act is not capable of encouraging or assisting suicide or attempted suicide, for the purposes of section 13 and this section it is to be treated as so capable if the act would have been so capable had the facts been as D believed them to be at the time of the act or had subsequent events happened in the manner D believed they would happen (or both).3A reference in section 13 or this section to a person (“P”) doing an act that is capable of encouraging the suicide or attempted suicide of another person includes a reference to P doing so by threatening another person or otherwise putting pressure on another person to commit or attempt suicide.Course of conduct13BA reference in section 13 or 13A to an act includes a reference to a course of conduct, and a reference to doing an act is to be read accordingly.Encouraging or assisting suicide: information society services61Schedule 12 makes special provision in connection with the operation of section 2 of the Suicide Act 1961 (c. 60) and section 13 of the Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (c. 20) in relation to persons providing information society services within the meaning of that Schedule.Chapter 2Images of children<Emphasis>Prohibited images</Emphasis>Possession of prohibited images of children621It is an offence for a person to be in possession of a prohibited image of a child.2A prohibited image is an image which—ais pornographic,bfalls within subsection (6), andcis grossly offensive, disgusting or otherwise of an obscene character.3An image is “pornographic” if it is of such a nature that it must reasonably be assumed to have been produced solely or principally for the purpose of sexual arousal.4Where (as found in the person's possession) an image forms part of a series of images, the question whether the image is of such a nature as is mentioned in subsection (3) is to be determined by reference to—athe image itself, andb(if the series of images is such as to be capable of providing a context for the image) the context in which it occurs in the series of images.5So, for example, where—aan image forms an integral part of a narrative constituted by a series of images, andbhaving regard to those images as a whole, they are not of such a nature that they must reasonably be assumed to have been produced solely or principally for the purpose of sexual arousal,the image may, by virtue of being part of that narrative, be found not to be pornographic, even though it might have been found to be pornographic if taken by itself.6An image falls within this subsection if it—ais an image which focuses solely or principally on a child's genitals or anal region, orbportrays any of the acts mentioned in subsection (7).7Those acts are—athe performance by a person of an act of intercourse or oral sex with or in the presence of a child;ban act of masturbation by, of, involving or in the presence of a child;can act which involves penetration of the vagina or anus of a child with a part of a person's body or with anything else;dan act of penetration, in the presence of a child, of the vagina or anus of a person with a part of a person's body or with anything else;ethe performance by a child of an act of intercourse or oral sex with an animal (whether dead or alive or imaginary);fthe performance by a person of an act of intercourse or oral sex with an animal (whether dead or alive or imaginary) in the presence of a child.8For the purposes of subsection (7), penetration is a continuing act from entry to withdrawal.9Proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) may not be instituted—ain England and Wales, except by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions;bin Northern Ireland, except by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland.Exclusion of classified film <Abbreviation Expansion="Et cetera" xml:lang="la">etc</Abbreviation>631Section 62(1) does not apply to excluded images.2An “excluded image” is an image which forms part of a series of images contained in a recording of the whole or part of a classified work.3But such an image is not an “excluded image” if—ait is contained in a recording of an extract from a classified work, andbit is of such a nature that it must reasonably be assumed to have been extracted (whether with or without other images) solely or principally for the purpose of sexual arousal.4Where an extracted image is one of a series of images contained in the recording, the question whether the image is of such a nature as is mentioned in subsection (3)(b) is to be determined by reference to—athe image itself, andb(if the series of images is such as to be capable of providing a context for the image) the context in which it occurs in the series of images;and section 62(5) applies in connection with determining that question as it applies in connection with determining whether an image is pornographic.5In determining for the purposes of this section whether a recording is a recording of the whole or part of a classified work, any alteration attributable to—aa defect caused for technical reasons or by inadvertence on the part of any person, orbthe inclusion in the recording of any extraneous material (such as advertisements),is to be disregarded.6Nothing in this section is to be taken as affecting any duty of a designated authority to have regard to section 62 (along with other enactments creating criminal offences) in determining whether a video work is suitable for a classification certificate to be issued in respect of it.7In this section—classified work” means (subject to subsection (8)) a video work in respect of which a classification certificate has been issued by a designated authority (whether before or after the commencement of this section);classification certificate” and “video work” have the same meaning as in the Video Recordings Act 1984 (c. 39);designated authority” means an authority which has been designated by the Secretary of State under section 4 of that Act;extract” includes an extract consisting of a single image;pornographic” has the same meaning as in section 62;recording” means any disc, tape or other device capable of storing data electronically and from which images may be produced (by any means).8Section 22(3) of the Video Recordings Act 1984 (effect of alterations) applies for the purposes of this section as it applies for the purposes of that Act.Defences641Where a person is charged with an offence under section 62(1), it is a defence for the person to prove any of the following matters—athat the person had a legitimate reason for being in possession of the image concerned;bthat the person had not seen the image concerned and did not know, nor had any cause to suspect, it to be a prohibited image of a child;cthat the person—iwas sent the image concerned without any prior request having been made by or on behalf of the person, andiidid not keep it for an unreasonable time.2In this section “prohibited image” has the same meaning as in section 62.Meaning of “image” and “child”651The following apply for the purposes of sections 62 to 64.2Image” includes—aa moving or still image (produced by any means), orbdata (stored by any means) which is capable of conversion into an image within paragraph (a).3Image” does not include an indecent photograph, or indecent pseudo-photograph, of a child.4In subsection (3) “indecent photograph” and “indecent pseudo-photograph” are to be construed—ain relation to England and Wales, in accordance with the Protection of Children Act 1978 (c. 37), andbin relation to Northern Ireland, in accordance with the Protection of Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 (S.I. 1978/1047 (N.I. 17)).5“Child”, subject to subsection (6), means a person under the age of 18.6Where an image shows a person the image is to be treated as an image of a child if—athe impression conveyed by the image is that the person shown is a child, orbthe predominant impression conveyed is that the person shown is a child despite the fact that some of the physical characteristics shown are not those of a child.7References to an image of a person include references to an image of an imaginary person.8References to an image of a child include references to an image of an imaginary child.Penalties661This section has effect where a person is guilty of an offence under section 62(1).2The offender is liable—aon summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the relevant period or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum, or both;bon conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years or a fine, or both.3The relevant period” means—ain relation to England and Wales, the general limit in a magistrates’ court;bin relation to Northern Ireland, 6 months.Entry, search, seizure and forfeiture671The following provisions of the Protection of Children Act 1978 (c. 37) apply in relation to prohibited images of children as they apply in relation to indecent photographs of children (within the meaning of that Act)—asection 4 (entry, search and seizure);bthe Schedule (forfeiture of photographs).2The following provisions of the Protection of Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 (S.I. 1978/1047 (N.I. 17)) apply in relation to prohibited images of children as they apply in relation to indecent photographs of children (within the meaning of that Order)—aArticle 4 (entry, search and seizure);bthe Schedule (forfeiture of photographs).3In this section “prohibited image of a child” means a prohibited image of a child to which section 62(1) applies.Special rules relating to providers of information society services68Schedule 13 makes special provision in connection with the operation of section 62(1) in relation to persons providing information society services within the meaning of that Schedule.<Emphasis>Indecent pseudo-photographs of children</Emphasis>Indecent pseudo-photographs of children: marriage etc691In section 1A of the Protection of Children Act 1978 (c. 37) (making of indecent photograph of child etc: marriage and other relationships), after “photograph”, in each place it occurs, insert “ or pseudo-photograph ”.2In section 160A of the Criminal Justice Act 1988 (c. 33) (possession of indecent photograph of child etc: marriage and other relationships), after “photograph”, in each place it occurs, insert “ or pseudo-photograph ”.3In Article 15A of the Criminal Justice (Evidence, etc) (Northern Ireland) Order 1988 (S.I. 1988/1847 (N.I. 17)) (marriage and other relationships), after “photograph”, in each place it occurs, insert “ or pseudo-photograph ”.4In Article 3B of the Protection of Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 (S.I. 1978/1047 (N.I. 17)) (marriage and other relationships), after “photograph”, in each place it occurs, insert “ or pseudo-photograph ”.Chapter 3Other offencesGenocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes701The International Criminal Court Act 2001 (c. 17) is amended as follows.2In sections 53 and 60 (trial and punishment of main offences), after subsection (6) add—7Subsections (5) and (6) are subject to section 65B (restriction of penalties in relation to retrospective application of certain offences).3After section 65 insert—Retrospective application of certain offences65A1Sections 51 and 58 apply to acts committed on or after 1 January 1991.2But those sections do not apply to a crime against humanity, or a war crime within article 8.2(b) or (e), committed by a person before 1 September 2001 unless, at the time the act constituting that crime was committed, the act amounted in the circumstances to a criminal offence under international law.3Section 52 applies to conduct in which a person engaged on or after 1 January 1991, and in subsections (2) and (3) of that section references to an offence include an act or conduct which would not constitute an offence under the law of England and Wales but for this section.4Section 59 applies to conduct in which a person engaged on or after 1 January 1991, and in subsections (2) and (3) of that section references to an offence include an act or conduct which would not constitute an offence under the law of Northern Ireland but for this section.5Any enactment or rule of law relating to an offence ancillary to a relevant Part 5 offence—aapplies to conduct in which a person engaged on or after 1 January 1991, andbapplies even if the act or conduct constituting the relevant Part 5 offence would not constitute such an offence but for this section.6But sections 52 and 59, and any enactment or rule of law relating to an offence ancillary to a relevant Part 5 offence, do not apply to—aconduct in which the person engaged before 1 September 2001, orbconduct in which the person engaged on or after that date which was ancillary to an act or conduct which—iwas committed or engaged in before that date, andiiwould not constitute a relevant Part 5 offence, or fall within section 52(2) or 59(2), but for this section,unless, at the time the person engaged in the conduct, it amounted in the circumstances to a criminal offence under international law.7Section 65, so far as it has effect in relation to relevant Part 5 offences—aapplies to failures to exercise control of the kind mentioned in section 65(2) or (3) which occurred on or after 1 January 1991, andbapplies even if the act or conduct constituting the relevant Part 5 offence would not constitute such an offence but for this section.8But section 65, so far as it has effect in relation to relevant Part 5 offences, does not apply to a failure to exercise control of the kind mentioned in section 65(2) or (3) which occurred before 1 September 2001 unless, at the time the failure occurred, it amounted in the circumstances to a criminal offence under international law.9In this section “relevant Part 5 offence” means an offence under section 51, 52, 58 or 59 or an offence ancillary to such an offence.Modification of penalties: provision supplemental to section 65A65B1In the case of a pre-existing E&W offence committed before 1 September 2001, in section 53(6) “30 years” is to be read as “14 years”.2In the case of an offence of the kind mentioned in section 55(1)(d) which is ancillary to a pre-existing E&W offence committed before 1 September 2001, nothing in section 53(5) and (6) disapplies the penalties provided for in sections 4 and 5 of the Criminal Law Act 1967.3In the case of a pre-existing NI offence committed before 1 September 2001, in section 60(6) “30 years” is to be read as “14 years”.4In the case of an offence of the kind mentioned in section 62(1)(d) which is ancillary to a pre-existing NI offence committed before 1 September 2001, nothing in section 60(5) and (6) disapplies the penalties provided for in sections 4 and 5 of the Criminal Law Act (Northern Ireland) 1967.5In this section—pre-existing E&W offence” means—an offence under section 51 on account of an act constituting genocide, if at the time the act was committed it also amounted to an offence under section 1 of the Genocide Act 1969;an offence under section 51 on account of an act constituting a war crime, if at the time the act was committed it also amounted to an offence under section 1 of the Geneva Conventions Act 1957 (grave breaches of the Conventions);an offence of a kind mentioned in section 55(1)(a) to (c) which is ancillary to an offence within paragraph (a) or (b) above;pre-existing NI offence” means—an offence under section 58 on account of an act constituting genocide, if at the time the act was committed it also amounted to an offence under section 1 of the Genocide Act 1969;an offence under section 58 on account of an act constituting a war crime, if at the time the act was committed it also amounted to an offence under section 1 of the Geneva Conventions Act 1957 (grave breaches of the Conventions);an offence of a kind mentioned in section 62(1)(a) to (c) which is ancillary to an offence within paragraph (a) or (b) above.4After section 67 insert—Supplemental provision about <Acronym Expansion="United Kingdom">UK</Acronym> residents67A1To the extent that it would not otherwise be the case, the following individuals are to be treated for the purposes of this Part as being resident in the United Kingdom—aan individual who has indefinite leave to remain in the United Kingdom;bany other individual who has made an application for such leave (whether or not it has been determined) and who is in the United Kingdom;can individual who has leave to enter or remain in the United Kingdom for the purposes of work or study and who is in the United Kingdom;dan individual who has made an asylum claim, or a human rights claim, which has been granted;eany other individual who has made an asylum claim or human rights claim (whether or not the claim has been determined) and who is in the United Kingdom;fan individual named in an application for indefinite leave to remain, an asylum claim or a human rights claim as a dependant of the individual making the application or claim if—ithe application or claim has been granted, oriithe named individual is in the United Kingdom (whether or not the application or claim has been determined);gan individual who would be liable to removal or deportation from the United Kingdom but cannot be removed or deported because of section 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998 or for practical reasons;han individual—iagainst whom a decision to make a deportation order under section 5(1) of the Immigration Act 1971 by virtue of section 3(5)(a) of that Act (deportation conducive to the public good) has been made,iiwho has appealed against the decision to make the order (whether or not the appeal has been determined), andiiiwho is in the United Kingdom;ian individual who is an illegal entrant within the meaning of section 33(1) of the Immigration Act 1971 or who is liable to removal under section 10 of the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999;jan individual who is detained in lawful custody in the United Kingdom.2When determining for the purposes of this Part whether any other individual is resident in the United Kingdom regard is to be had to all relevant considerations including—athe periods during which the individual has been or intends to be in the United Kingdom,bthe purposes for which the individual is, has been or intends to be in the United Kingdom,cwhether the individual has family or other connections to the United Kingdom and the nature of those connections, anddwhether the individual has an interest in residential property located in the United Kingdom.3In this section—asylum claim” means—a claim that it would be contrary to the United Kingdom's obligations under the Refugee Convention for the claimant to be removed from, or required to leave, the United Kingdom, ora claim that the claimant would face a real risk of serious harm if removed from the United Kingdom;Convention rights” means the rights identified as Convention rights by section 1 of the Human Rights Act 1998;detained in lawful custody” means—detained in pursuance of a sentence of imprisonment, detention or custody for life or a detention and training order,remanded in or committed to custody by an order of a court,detained pursuant to an order under section 2 of the Colonial Prisoners Removal Act 1884 or a warrant under section 1 or 4A of the Repatriation of Prisoners Act 1984,detained under Part 3 of the Mental Health Act 1983 or by virtue of an order under section 5 of the Criminal Procedure (Insanity) Act 1964 or section 6 or 14 of the Criminal Appeal Act 1968 (hospital orders, etc),detained by virtue of an order under Part 6 of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 (other than an order under section 60C) or a hospital direction under section 59A of that Act, and includes detention by virtue of the special restrictions set out in Part 10 of the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 to which a person is subject by virtue of an order under section 59 of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995, ordetained under Part 3 of the Mental Health (Northern Ireland) Order 1986 or by virtue of an order under section 11 or 13(5A) of the Criminal Appeal (Northern Ireland) Act 1980;human rights claim” means a claim that to remove the claimant from, or to require the claimant to leave, the United Kingdom would be unlawful under section 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998 (public authority not to act contrary to Convention) as being incompatible with the person's Convention rights;the Refugee Convention” means the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees done at Geneva on 28 July 1951 and the Protocol to the Convention;serious harm” has the meaning given by article 15 of Council Directive 2004/83/EC on minimum standards for the qualification and status of third country nationals or stateless persons as refugees or as persons who otherwise need international protection and the content of the protection granted;and a reference to having leave to enter or remain in the United Kingdom is to be construed in accordance with the Immigration Act 1971.4This section applies in relation to any offence under this Part (whether committed before or after the coming into force of this section).Slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour71. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Conspiracy721In section 1A of the Criminal Law Act 1977 (c. 45) (conspiracy to commit offences outside the United Kingdom)—ain the title and in subsection (2), for “the United Kingdom” substitute “ England and Wales ”, andbfor subsection (14) substitute—14Nothing in this section applies to an agreement entered into before 4 September 1998.15In relation to an agreement entered into during the period beginning with that date and ending with the commencement of section 72(1) of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, this section applies as if in subsection (2) for “England and Wales” there were substituted “ the United Kingdom ”.16Nothing in this section imposes criminal liability on any person acting on behalf of, or holding office under, the Crown.2In Article 9A of the Criminal Attempts and Conspiracy (Northern Ireland) Order 1983 (S.I. 1983/1120 (N.I. 13)) (conspiracy to commit offences outside the United Kingdom)—ain the title and in paragraph (2), for “the United Kingdom” substitute “ Northern Ireland ”, andbfor paragraph (14) substitute—14Nothing in this Article applies to an agreement entered into before 4 September 1998.15In relation to an agreement entered into during the period beginning with that date and ending with the commencement of section 72(2) of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, this Article applies as if in paragraph (2) for “Northern Ireland” there were substituted “ the United Kingdom ”.16Nothing in this Article imposes criminal liability on any person acting on behalf of, or holding office under, the Crown.Abolition of common law libel offences etc73The following offences under the common law of England and Wales and the common law of Northern Ireland are abolished—athe offences of sedition and seditious libel;bthe offence of defamatory libel;cthe offence of obscene libel.S. 59 in force at 1.2.2010 by S.I. 2010/145, art. 2(2), Sch. para. 2S. 60 in force at 1.2.2010 by S.I. 2010/145, art. 2(2), Sch. para. 3S. 61 in force at 1.2.2010 by S.I. 2010/145, art. 2(2), Sch. para. 4S. 72 in force at 1.2.2010 by S.I. 2010/145, art. 2(2), Sch. para. 5S. 62 in force at 6.4.2010 by S.I. 2010/816, art. 2, Sch. para. 1S. 63 in force at 6.4.2010 by S.I. 2010/816, art. 2, Sch. para. 1S. 64 in force at 6.4.2010 by S.I. 2010/816, art. 2, Sch. para. 1S. 65 in force at 6.4.2010 by S.I. 2010/816, art. 2, Sch. para. 1S. 66 in force at 6.4.2010 by S.I. 2010/816, art. 2, Sch. para. 1S. 67 in force at 6.4.2010 by S.I. 2010/816, art. 2, Sch. para. 1S. 68 in force at 6.4.2010 by S.I. 2010/816, art. 2, Sch. para. 1S. 69 in force at 6.4.2010 by S.I. 2010/816, art. 2, Sch. para. 2S. 70 in force at 6.4.2010 by S.I. 2010/816, art. 2, Sch. para. 3S. 52 in force at 4.10.2010 by S.I. 2010/816, art. 5(a)S. 56(2)(a) in force at 4.10.2010 by S.I. 2010/816, art. 5(b)S. 57 in force at 4.10.2010 by S.I. 2010/816, art. 5(c)S. 54 in force at 4.10.2010 for E.W. by S.I. 2010/816, art. 6(a)S. 55 in force at 4.10.2010 for E.W. by S.I. 2010/816, art. 6(a)S. 56(1) in force at 4.10.2010 for E.W. by S.I. 2010/816, art. 6(b)S. 53 in force at 1.6.2011 for N.I. by S.R. 2011/182, art. 3(a)S. 54 in force at 1.6.2011 for N.I. by S.R. 2011/182, art. 3(b)S. 55 in force at 1.6.2011 for N.I. by S.R. 2011/182, art. 3(b)S. 56(1)(2)(b) in force at 1.6.2011 for N.I. by S.R. 2011/182, art. 3(c)S. 58 in force at 1.6.2011 for N.I. by S.R. 2011/182, art. 3(e)S. 71 repealed (N.I.) (14.1.2015) by Human Trafficking and Exploitation (Criminal Justice and Support for Victims) Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 2), s. 28(2), Sch. 5; S. 71 omitted (E.W.) (31.7.2015) by virtue of Modern Slavery Act 2015 (c. 30), s. 61(1), Sch. 5 para. 8; S.I. 2015/1476, reg. 2(j) (with regs. 3, 5, 7, 8)Words in s. 66(3)(a) substituted (7.2.2023 at 12.00 p.m.) by The Judicial Review and Courts Act 2022 (Magistrates’ Court Sentencing Powers) Regulations 2023 (S.I. 2023/149), regs. 1(2), 2(1), Sch. Pt. 1 table
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<dc:title>Coroners and Justice Act 2009</dc:title>
<dc:description>An Act to amend the law relating to coroners, to investigation of deaths and to certification and registration of deaths; to amend the criminal law; to make provision about criminal justice and about dealing with offenders; to make provision about the Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses; to make provision relating to the security of court and other buildings; to make provision about legal aid and about payments for legal services provided in connection with employment matters; to make provision for payments to be made by offenders in respect of benefits derived from the exploitation of material pertaining to offences; to amend the Data Protection Act 1998; and for connected purposes.</dc:description>
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<Strong>Part 2</Strong>
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<Title>Criminal offences</Title>
<Chapter DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/part/2/chapter/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/part/2/chapter/1" NumberOfProvisions="14" id="part-2-chapter-1" RestrictStartDate="2011-06-01">
<Number>Chapter 1</Number>
<Title>Murder, infanticide and suicide</Title>
<Pblock DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/part/2/chapter/1/crossheading/partial-defence-to-murder-diminished-responsibility" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/part/2/chapter/1/crossheading/partial-defence-to-murder-diminished-responsibility" NumberOfProvisions="2" RestrictExtent="E+W" id="part-2-chapter-1-crossheading-partial-defence-to-murder-diminished-responsibility" RestrictStartDate="2011-06-01">
<Title>
<Emphasis>Partial defence to murder: diminished responsibility</Emphasis>
</Title>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2010-10-04">
<Title>Persons suffering from diminished responsibility (England and Wales)</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/52" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/52" id="section-52">
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52
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<P1para>
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<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In section 2 of the Homicide Act 1957 (c. 11) (persons suffering from diminished responsibility), for subsection (1) substitute—</Text>
<BlockAmendment TargetClass="primary" TargetSubClass="unknown" Context="main" Format="default">
<P2>
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A person (“D”) who kills or is a party to the killing of another is not to be convicted of murder if D was suffering from an abnormality of mental functioning which—</Text>
<P3>
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>arose from a recognised medical condition,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>substantially impaired D's ability to do one or more of the things mentioned in subsection (1A), and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>provides an explanation for D's acts and omissions in doing or being a party to the killing.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>1A</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Those things are—</Text>
<P3>
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>to understand the nature of D's conduct;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>to form a rational judgment;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
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<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
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<Text>to exercise self-control.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>1B</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>For the purposes of subsection (1)(c), an abnormality of mental functioning provides an explanation for D's conduct if it causes, or is a significant contributory factor in causing, D to carry out that conduct.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</BlockAmendment>
</P2para>
</P2>
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<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In section 6 of the Criminal Procedure (Insanity) Act 1964 (c. 84) (evidence by prosecution of insanity or diminished responsibility), in paragraph (b) for “mind” substitute
<InlineAmendment>“ mental functioning ”</InlineAmendment>
.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2011-06-01">
<Title>Persons suffering from diminished responsibility (Northern Ireland)</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/53" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/53" id="section-53">
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<CommentaryRef Ref="key-eb1ce7ff7e5409bcf32afdea515d65ef"/>
53
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
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<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Section 5 of the Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (c. 20) (effect, in cases of homicide, of impaired mental responsibility) is amended as follows.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/53/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/53/2" id="section-53-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>For subsection (1) substitute—</Text>
<BlockAmendment TargetClass="primary" TargetSubClass="unknown" Context="main" Format="default">
<P2>
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A person (“D”) who kills or is a party to the killing of another is not to be convicted of murder if D was suffering from an abnormality of mental functioning which—</Text>
<P3>
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>arose from a recognised mental condition,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>substantially impaired D's ability to do one or more of the things mentioned in subsection (1A), and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>provides an explanation for D's acts and omissions in doing or being a party to the killing.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>1A</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Those things are—</Text>
<P3>
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>to understand the nature of D's conduct;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>to form a rational judgment;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>to exercise self-control.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>1B</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>For the purposes of subsection (1)(c), an abnormality of mental functioning provides an explanation for D's conduct if it causes, or is a significant contributory factor in causing, D to carry out that conduct.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>1C</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where, but for this section, D would be liable, whether as principal or as accessory, to be convicted of murder, D is liable instead to be convicted of manslaughter.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</BlockAmendment>
</P2para>
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<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/53/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/53/3" id="section-53-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In subsection (2), for “subsection (1)” substitute
<InlineAmendment>“ subsection (1C) ”</InlineAmendment>
.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/53/4" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/53/4" id="section-53-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In subsections (4) and (5), for “mental abnormality” substitute
<InlineAmendment>“ abnormality of mental functioning ”</InlineAmendment>
.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</Pblock>
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<Title>
<Emphasis>Partial defence to murder: loss of control</Emphasis>
</Title>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2011-06-01">
<Title>Partial defence to murder: loss of control</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/54" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/54" id="section-54">
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54
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<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where a person (“D”) kills or is a party to the killing of another (“V”), D is not to be convicted of murder if—</Text>
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<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
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<Text>D's acts and omissions in doing or being a party to the killing resulted from D's loss of self-control,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
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<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the loss of self-control had a qualifying trigger, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/54/1/c" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/54/1/c" id="section-54-1-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>a person of D's sex and age, with a normal degree of tolerance and self-restraint and in the circumstances of D, might have reacted in the same or in a similar way to D.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/54/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/54/2" id="section-54-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>For the purposes of subsection (1)(a), it does not matter whether or not the loss of control was sudden.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/54/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/54/3" id="section-54-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In subsection (1)(c) the reference to “
<Term id="term-the-circumstances-of-d">the circumstances of D</Term>
” is a reference to all of D's circumstances other than those whose only relevance to D's conduct is that they bear on D's general capacity for tolerance or self-restraint.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/54/4" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/54/4" id="section-54-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Subsection (1) does not apply if, in doing or being a party to the killing, D acted in a considered desire for revenge.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/54/5" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/54/5" id="section-54-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>On a charge of murder, if sufficient evidence is adduced to raise an issue with respect to the defence under subsection (1), the jury must assume that the defence is satisfied unless the prosecution proves beyond reasonable doubt that it is not.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/54/6" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/54/6" id="section-54-6">
<Pnumber>6</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>For the purposes of subsection (5), sufficient evidence is adduced to raise an issue with respect to the defence if evidence is adduced on which, in the opinion of the trial judge, a jury, properly directed, could reasonably conclude that the defence might apply.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/54/7" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/54/7" id="section-54-7">
<Pnumber>7</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A person who, but for this section, would be liable to be convicted of murder is liable instead to be convicted of manslaughter.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/54/8" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/54/8" id="section-54-8">
<Pnumber>8</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The fact that one party to a killing is by virtue of this section not liable to be convicted of murder does not affect the question whether the killing amounted to murder in the case of any other party to it.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2011-06-01">
<Title>Meaning of “qualifying trigger”</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/55" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/55" id="section-55">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-13399cfee5ea18e4d6c40b7e8b9b26ba"/>
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-8491689cf1d0375ba652995a0dc28882"/>
55
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/1" id="section-55-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>This section applies for the purposes of section 54.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/2" id="section-55-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A loss of self-control had a qualifying trigger if subsection (3), (4) or (5) applies.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/3" id="section-55-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>This subsection applies if D's loss of self-control was attributable to D's fear of serious violence from V against D or another identified person.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/4" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/4" id="section-55-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>This subsection applies if D's loss of self-control was attributable to a thing or things done or said (or both) which—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/4/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/4/a" id="section-55-4-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>constituted circumstances of an extremely grave character, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/4/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/4/b" id="section-55-4-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>caused D to have a justifiable sense of being seriously wronged.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/5" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/5" id="section-55-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>This subsection applies if D's loss of self-control was attributable to a combination of the matters mentioned in subsections (3) and (4).</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/6" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/6" id="section-55-6">
<Pnumber>6</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In determining whether a loss of self-control had a qualifying trigger—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/6/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/6/a" id="section-55-6-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>D's fear of serious violence is to be disregarded to the extent that it was caused by a thing which D incited to be done or said for the purpose of providing an excuse to use violence;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/6/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/6/b" id="section-55-6-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>a sense of being seriously wronged by a thing done or said is not justifiable if D incited the thing to be done or said for the purpose of providing an excuse to use violence;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/6/c" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/6/c" id="section-55-6-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the fact that a thing done or said constituted sexual infidelity is to be disregarded.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/7" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/55/7" id="section-55-7">
<Pnumber>7</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In this section references to “D” and “V” are to be construed in accordance with section 54.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2011-06-01">
<Title>Abolition of common law defence of provocation</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/56" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/56" id="section-56">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">56</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/56/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/56/1" id="section-56-1" RestrictStartDate="2011-06-01">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-457579ba401e2c3a3f78e1f49c4f322b"/>
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-729b2a711b5b258c4d341756fcd66380"/>
1
</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The common law defence of provocation is abolished and replaced by sections 54 and 55.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/56/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/56/2" id="section-56-2" RestrictStartDate="2011-06-01">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Accordingly, the following provisions cease to have effect—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/56/2/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/56/2/a" id="section-56-2-a" RestrictStartDate="2010-10-04">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-703829001a4479db6a78af9981aa9103"/>
a
</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>section 3 of the Homicide Act 1957 (c. 11) (questions of provocation to be left to the jury);</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/56/2/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/56/2/b" id="section-56-2-b" RestrictStartDate="2011-06-01">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-729b2a711b5b258c4d341756fcd66380"/>
b
</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>section 7 of the Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (c. 20) (questions of provocation to be left to the jury).</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</Pblock>
<Pblock DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/part/2/chapter/1/crossheading/infanticide" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/part/2/chapter/1/crossheading/infanticide" NumberOfProvisions="2" RestrictExtent="E+W" id="part-2-chapter-1-crossheading-infanticide" RestrictStartDate="2011-06-01">
<Title>
<Emphasis>Infanticide</Emphasis>
</Title>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2010-10-04">
<Title>Infanticide (England and Wales)</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/57" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/57" id="section-57">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-fca13ef6ce328b8dfd6888aa689feed3"/>
57
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/57/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/57/1" id="section-57-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Section 1 of the Infanticide Act 1938 (c. 36) (offence of infanticide) is amended as follows.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/57/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/57/2" id="section-57-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In subsection (1)—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/57/2/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/57/2/a" id="section-57-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
for “notwithstanding that” substitute
<InlineAmendment>“ if ”</InlineAmendment>
, and
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/57/2/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/57/2/b" id="section-57-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
after “murder” insert
<InlineAmendment>“ or manslaughter ”</InlineAmendment>
.
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/57/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/57/3" id="section-57-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In subsection (2)—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/57/3/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/57/3/a" id="section-57-3-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
for “notwithstanding that” substitute
<InlineAmendment>“ if ”</InlineAmendment>
, and
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/57/3/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/57/3/b" id="section-57-3-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
after “murder” insert
<InlineAmendment>“ or manslaughter ”</InlineAmendment>
.
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2011-06-01">
<Title>Infanticide (Northern Ireland)</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/58" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/58" id="section-58">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-f3e6426eea4b2b4aec0f4519e14779e1"/>
58
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/58/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/58/1" id="section-58-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Section 1 of the Infanticide Act (Northern Ireland) 1939 (c. 5) (offence of infanticide) is amended as follows.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/58/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/58/2" id="section-58-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In subsection (1)—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/58/2/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/58/2/a" id="section-58-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
for “notwithstanding that” substitute
<InlineAmendment>“ if ”</InlineAmendment>
, and
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/58/2/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/58/2/b" id="section-58-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
after “murder” insert
<InlineAmendment>“ or manslaughter ”</InlineAmendment>
.
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/58/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/58/3" id="section-58-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In subsection (2)—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/58/3/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/58/3/a" id="section-58-3-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
for “notwithstanding that” substitute
<InlineAmendment>“ if ”</InlineAmendment>
, and
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/58/3/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/58/3/b" id="section-58-3-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
after “murder” insert
<InlineAmendment>“ or manslaughter ”</InlineAmendment>
.
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</Pblock>
<Pblock DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/part/2/chapter/1/crossheading/suicide" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/part/2/chapter/1/crossheading/suicide" NumberOfProvisions="7" id="part-2-chapter-1-crossheading-suicide" RestrictStartDate="2010-02-01">
<Title>
<Emphasis>Suicide</Emphasis>
</Title>
<P1group RestrictExtent="E+W" RestrictStartDate="2010-02-01">
<Title>Encouraging or assisting suicide (England and Wales)</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/59" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/59" id="section-59">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-f6a9d44e9f0030e494905fcb79a27265"/>
59
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/59/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/59/1" id="section-59-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The Suicide Act 1961 (c. 60) is amended as follows.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/59/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/59/2" id="section-59-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In section 2 (criminal liability for complicity in another's suicide), for subsection (1) substitute—</Text>
<BlockAmendment TargetClass="primary" TargetSubClass="unknown" Context="main" Format="default">
<P2>
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A person (“D”) commits an offence if—</Text>
<P3>
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>D does an act capable of encouraging or assisting the suicide or attempted suicide of another person, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>D's act was intended to encourage or assist suicide or an attempt at suicide.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>1A</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The person referred to in subsection (1)(a) need not be a specific person (or class of persons) known to, or identified by, D.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>1B</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>D may commit an offence under this section whether or not a suicide, or an attempt at suicide, occurs.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>1C</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>An offence under this section is triable on indictment and a person convicted of such an offence is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</BlockAmendment>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/59/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/59/3" id="section-59-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In subsection (2) of that section, for “it” to the end substitute
<InlineAmendment>“ of a person it is proved that the deceased person committed suicide, and the accused committed an offence under subsection (1) in relation to that suicide, the jury may find the accused guilty of the offence under subsection (1). ”</InlineAmendment>
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/59/4" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/59/4" id="section-59-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>After that section insert—</Text>
<BlockAmendment TargetClass="primary" TargetSubClass="unknown" Context="main" Format="default">
<P1group>
<Title>Acts capable of encouraging or assisting</Title>
<P1>
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">2A</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2>
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>If D arranges for a person (“D2”) to do an act that is capable of encouraging or assisting the suicide or attempted suicide of another person and D2 does that act, D is also to be treated for the purposes of this Act as having done it.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where the facts are such that an act is not capable of encouraging or assisting suicide or attempted suicide, for the purposes of this Act it is to be treated as so capable if the act would have been so capable had the facts been as D believed them to be at the time of the act or had subsequent events happened in the manner D believed they would happen (or both).</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A reference in this Act to a person (“P”) doing an act that is capable of encouraging the suicide or attempted suicide of another person includes a reference to P doing so by threatening another person or otherwise putting pressure on another person to commit or attempt suicide.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group>
<Title>Course of conduct</Title>
<P1>
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">2B</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<Text>A reference in this Act to an act includes a reference to a course of conduct, and a reference to doing an act is to be read accordingly.</Text>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</BlockAmendment>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictExtent="E+W" RestrictStartDate="2010-02-01">
<Title>Encouraging or assisting suicide (Northern Ireland)</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/60" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/60" id="section-60">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-fcc86a85478dd50094a966e5d22bc42a"/>
60
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/60/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/60/1" id="section-60-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (c. 20) is amended as follows.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/60/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/60/2" id="section-60-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In section 13 (criminal liability for complicity in another's suicide), for subsection (1) substitute—</Text>
<BlockAmendment TargetClass="primary" TargetSubClass="unknown" Context="main" Format="default">
<P2>
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A person (“D”) commits an offence if—</Text>
<P3>
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>D does an act capable of encouraging or assisting the suicide or attempted suicide of another person, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>D's act was intended to encourage or assist suicide or an attempt at suicide.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>1A</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The person referred to in subsection (1)(a) need not be a specific person (or class of persons) known to, or identified by, D.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>1B</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>D may commit an offence under this section whether or not a suicide, or an attempt at suicide, occurs.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>1C</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>An offence under this section is triable on indictment and a person convicted of such an offence is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</BlockAmendment>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/60/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/60/3" id="section-60-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In subsection (2) of that section, for “it” to the end substitute
<InlineAmendment>“ of a person it is proved that the deceased person committed suicide, and the person charged committed an offence under subsection (1) in relation to that suicide, the jury may find the person charged guilty of the offence under subsection (1). ”</InlineAmendment>
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/60/4" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/60/4" id="section-60-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>After that section insert—</Text>
<BlockAmendment TargetClass="primary" TargetSubClass="unknown" Context="main" Format="default">
<P1group>
<Title>Acts capable of encouraging or assisting</Title>
<P1>
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">13A</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2>
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>If D arranges for a person (“D2”) to do an act that is capable of encouraging or assisting the suicide or attempted suicide of another person and D2 does that act, D is also to be treated for the purposes of section 13 as having done it.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where the facts are such that an act is not capable of encouraging or assisting suicide or attempted suicide, for the purposes of section 13 and this section it is to be treated as so capable if the act would have been so capable had the facts been as D believed them to be at the time of the act or had subsequent events happened in the manner D believed they would happen (or both).</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A reference in section 13 or this section to a person (“P”) doing an act that is capable of encouraging the suicide or attempted suicide of another person includes a reference to P doing so by threatening another person or otherwise putting pressure on another person to commit or attempt suicide.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group>
<Title>Course of conduct</Title>
<P1>
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">13B</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<Text>A reference in section 13 or 13A to an act includes a reference to a course of conduct, and a reference to doing an act is to be read accordingly.</Text>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</BlockAmendment>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2010-02-01">
<Title>Encouraging or assisting suicide: information society services</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/61" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/61" id="section-61">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-6ce3fdabe620c41bf213ba5d21860e4a"/>
61
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<Text>Schedule 12 makes special provision in connection with the operation of section 2 of the Suicide Act 1961 (c. 60) and section 13 of the Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (c. 20) in relation to persons providing information society services within the meaning of that Schedule.</Text>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</Pblock>
</Chapter>
<Chapter DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/part/2/chapter/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/part/2/chapter/2" NumberOfProvisions="8" id="part-2-chapter-2" RestrictStartDate="2023-02-07">
<Number>Chapter 2</Number>
<Title>Images of children</Title>
<Pblock DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/part/2/chapter/2/crossheading/prohibited-images" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/part/2/chapter/2/crossheading/prohibited-images" NumberOfProvisions="7" id="part-2-chapter-2-crossheading-prohibited-images" RestrictStartDate="2023-02-07">
<Title>
<Emphasis>Prohibited images</Emphasis>
</Title>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2010-04-06">
<Title>Possession of prohibited images of children</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62" id="section-62">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-2de87faf6c5228fcb97aa030b1c96ca1"/>
62
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/1" id="section-62-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>It is an offence for a person to be in possession of a prohibited image of a child.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/2" id="section-62-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A prohibited image is an image which—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/2/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/2/a" id="section-62-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>is pornographic,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/2/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/2/b" id="section-62-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>falls within subsection (6), and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/2/c" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/2/c" id="section-62-2-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>is grossly offensive, disgusting or otherwise of an obscene character.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/3" id="section-62-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>An image is “pornographic” if it is of such a nature that it must reasonably be assumed to have been produced solely or principally for the purpose of sexual arousal.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/4" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/4" id="section-62-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where (as found in the person's possession) an image forms part of a series of images, the question whether the image is of such a nature as is mentioned in subsection (3) is to be determined by reference to—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/4/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/4/a" id="section-62-4-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the image itself, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/4/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/4/b" id="section-62-4-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>(if the series of images is such as to be capable of providing a context for the image) the context in which it occurs in the series of images.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/5" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/5" id="section-62-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>So, for example, where—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/5/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/5/a" id="section-62-5-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>an image forms an integral part of a narrative constituted by a series of images, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/5/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/5/b" id="section-62-5-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>having regard to those images as a whole, they are not of such a nature that they must reasonably be assumed to have been produced solely or principally for the purpose of sexual arousal,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<Text>the image may, by virtue of being part of that narrative, be found not to be pornographic, even though it might have been found to be pornographic if taken by itself.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/6" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/6" id="section-62-6">
<Pnumber>6</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>An image falls within this subsection if it—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/6/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/6/a" id="section-62-6-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>is an image which focuses solely or principally on a child's genitals or anal region, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/6/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/6/b" id="section-62-6-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>portrays any of the acts mentioned in subsection (7).</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/7" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/7" id="section-62-7">
<Pnumber>7</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Those acts are—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/7/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/7/a" id="section-62-7-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the performance by a person of an act of intercourse or oral sex with or in the presence of a child;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/7/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/7/b" id="section-62-7-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>an act of masturbation by, of, involving or in the presence of a child;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/7/c" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/7/c" id="section-62-7-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>an act which involves penetration of the vagina or anus of a child with a part of a person's body or with anything else;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/7/d" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/7/d" id="section-62-7-d">
<Pnumber>d</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>an act of penetration, in the presence of a child, of the vagina or anus of a person with a part of a person's body or with anything else;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/7/e" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/7/e" id="section-62-7-e">
<Pnumber>e</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the performance by a child of an act of intercourse or oral sex with an animal (whether dead or alive or imaginary);</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/7/f" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/7/f" id="section-62-7-f">
<Pnumber>f</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the performance by a person of an act of intercourse or oral sex with an animal (whether dead or alive or imaginary) in the presence of a child.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/8" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/8" id="section-62-8">
<Pnumber>8</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>For the purposes of subsection (7), penetration is a continuing act from entry to withdrawal.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/9" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/9" id="section-62-9">
<Pnumber>9</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) may not be instituted—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/9/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/9/a" id="section-62-9-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>in England and Wales, except by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/9/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62/9/b" id="section-62-9-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>in Northern Ireland, except by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2010-04-06">
<Title>
Exclusion of classified film
<Abbreviation Expansion="Et cetera" xml:lang="la">etc</Abbreviation>
</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/63" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/63" id="section-63">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-4c39115479ac8a99c504c4d8c5c395ce"/>
63
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/1" id="section-63-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Section 62(1) does not apply to excluded images.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/2" id="section-63-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>An “excluded image” is an image which forms part of a series of images contained in a recording of the whole or part of a classified work.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/3" id="section-63-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>But such an image is not an “excluded image” if—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/3/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/3/a" id="section-63-3-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>it is contained in a recording of an extract from a classified work, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/3/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/3/b" id="section-63-3-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>it is of such a nature that it must reasonably be assumed to have been extracted (whether with or without other images) solely or principally for the purpose of sexual arousal.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/4" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/4" id="section-63-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where an extracted image is one of a series of images contained in the recording, the question whether the image is of such a nature as is mentioned in subsection (3)(b) is to be determined by reference to—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/4/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/4/a" id="section-63-4-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the image itself, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/4/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/4/b" id="section-63-4-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>(if the series of images is such as to be capable of providing a context for the image) the context in which it occurs in the series of images;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<Text>and section 62(5) applies in connection with determining that question as it applies in connection with determining whether an image is pornographic.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/5" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/5" id="section-63-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In determining for the purposes of this section whether a recording is a recording of the whole or part of a classified work, any alteration attributable to—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/5/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/5/a" id="section-63-5-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>a defect caused for technical reasons or by inadvertence on the part of any person, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/5/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/5/b" id="section-63-5-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the inclusion in the recording of any extraneous material (such as advertisements),</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<Text>is to be disregarded.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/6" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/6" id="section-63-6">
<Pnumber>6</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Nothing in this section is to be taken as affecting any duty of a designated authority to have regard to section 62 (along with other enactments creating criminal offences) in determining whether a video work is suitable for a classification certificate to be issued in respect of it.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/7" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/7" id="section-63-7">
<Pnumber>7</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In this section—</Text>
<UnorderedList Decoration="none" Class="Definition">
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term id="term-classified-work">classified work</Term>
” means (subject to subsection (8)) a video work in respect of which a classification certificate has been issued by a designated authority (whether before or after the commencement of this section);
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term id="term-classification-certificate">classification certificate</Term>
” and “
<Term id="term-video-work">video work</Term>
” have the same meaning as in the Video Recordings Act 1984 (c. 39);
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term id="term-designated-authority">designated authority</Term>
” means an authority which has been designated by the Secretary of State under section 4 of that Act;
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term id="term-extract">extract</Term>
” includes an extract consisting of a single image;
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term id="term-pornographic">pornographic</Term>
” has the same meaning as in section 62;
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term id="term-recording">recording</Term>
” means any disc, tape or other device capable of storing data electronically and from which images may be produced (by any means).
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
</UnorderedList>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/8" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/63/8" id="section-63-8">
<Pnumber>8</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Section 22(3) of the Video Recordings Act 1984 (effect of alterations) applies for the purposes of this section as it applies for the purposes of that Act.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2010-04-06">
<Title>Defences</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/64" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/64" id="section-64">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-57cee9d395c03b7634523ee41f1bf2ab"/>
64
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/64/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/64/1" id="section-64-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where a person is charged with an offence under section 62(1), it is a defence for the person to prove any of the following matters—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/64/1/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/64/1/a" id="section-64-1-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>that the person had a legitimate reason for being in possession of the image concerned;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/64/1/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/64/1/b" id="section-64-1-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>that the person had not seen the image concerned and did not know, nor had any cause to suspect, it to be a prohibited image of a child;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/64/1/c" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/64/1/c" id="section-64-1-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>that the person—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/64/1/c/i" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/64/1/c/i" id="section-64-1-c-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>was sent the image concerned without any prior request having been made by or on behalf of the person, and</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/64/1/c/ii" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/64/1/c/ii" id="section-64-1-c-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>did not keep it for an unreasonable time.</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/64/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/64/2" id="section-64-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In this section “
<Term id="term-prohibited-image">prohibited image</Term>
” has the same meaning as in section 62.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2010-04-06">
<Title>Meaning of “image” and “child”</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/65" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/65" id="section-65">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-0847a51ac3ae101290fc26ecab4775a8"/>
65
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/1" id="section-65-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The following apply for the purposes of sections 62 to 64.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/2" id="section-65-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
<Term id="term-image">Image</Term>
” includes—
</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/2/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/2/a" id="section-65-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>a moving or still image (produced by any means), or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/2/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/2/b" id="section-65-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>data (stored by any means) which is capable of conversion into an image within paragraph (a).</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/3" id="section-65-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
<Term id="term-image">Image</Term>
” does not include an indecent photograph, or indecent pseudo-photograph, of a child.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/4" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/4" id="section-65-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In subsection (3) “indecent photograph” and “indecent pseudo-photograph” are to be construed—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/4/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/4/a" id="section-65-4-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>in relation to England and Wales, in accordance with the Protection of Children Act 1978 (c. 37), and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/4/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/4/b" id="section-65-4-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
in relation to Northern Ireland, in accordance with the Protection of Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 (
<Acronym Expansion="Statutory Instrument">S.I.</Acronym>
1978/1047 (N.I. 17)).
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/5" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/5" id="section-65-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>“Child”, subject to subsection (6), means a person under the age of 18.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/6" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/6" id="section-65-6">
<Pnumber>6</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where an image shows a person the image is to be treated as an image of a child if—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/6/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/6/a" id="section-65-6-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the impression conveyed by the image is that the person shown is a child, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/6/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/6/b" id="section-65-6-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the predominant impression conveyed is that the person shown is a child despite the fact that some of the physical characteristics shown are not those of a child.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/7" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/7" id="section-65-7">
<Pnumber>7</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>References to an image of a person include references to an image of an imaginary person.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/8" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/65/8" id="section-65-8">
<Pnumber>8</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>References to an image of a child include references to an image of an imaginary child.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2023-02-07">
<Title>Penalties</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/66" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/66" id="section-66">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-5ae56abb817bef56b33c6f6e35db1a9c"/>
66
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/66/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/66/1" id="section-66-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>This section has effect where a person is guilty of an offence under section 62(1).</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/66/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/66/2" id="section-66-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The offender is liable—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/66/2/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/66/2/a" id="section-66-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the relevant period or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum, or both;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/66/2/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/66/2/b" id="section-66-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years or a fine, or both.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/66/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/66/3" id="section-66-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
<Term id="term-the-relevant-period">The relevant period</Term>
” means—
</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/66/3/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/66/3/a" id="section-66-3-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
in relation to England and Wales,
<Substitution ChangeId="key-aac348961a3b0e23f285586ad88dc6dd-1677504787921" CommentaryRef="key-aac348961a3b0e23f285586ad88dc6dd">the general limit in a magistrates’ court</Substitution>
;
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/66/3/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/66/3/b" id="section-66-3-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>in relation to Northern Ireland, 6 months.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2010-04-06">
<Title>Entry, search, seizure and forfeiture</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/67" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/67" id="section-67">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-d9795497750821838f03cc84341172a2"/>
67
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/67/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/67/1" id="section-67-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The following provisions of the Protection of Children Act 1978 (c. 37) apply in relation to prohibited images of children as they apply in relation to indecent photographs of children (within the meaning of that Act)—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/67/1/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/67/1/a" id="section-67-1-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>section 4 (entry, search and seizure);</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/67/1/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/67/1/b" id="section-67-1-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the Schedule (forfeiture of photographs).</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/67/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/67/2" id="section-67-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The following provisions of the Protection of Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 (S.I. 1978/1047 (N.I. 17)) apply in relation to prohibited images of children as they apply in relation to indecent photographs of children (within the meaning of that Order)—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/67/2/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/67/2/a" id="section-67-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>Article 4 (entry, search and seizure);</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/67/2/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/67/2/b" id="section-67-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the Schedule (forfeiture of photographs).</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/67/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/67/3" id="section-67-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In this section “
<Term id="term-prohibited-image-of-a-child">prohibited image of a child</Term>
” means a prohibited image of a child to which section 62(1) applies.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2010-04-06">
<Title>Special rules relating to providers of information society services</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/68" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/68" id="section-68">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-4f237c5adbcb61b0957b2c29d1a16e38"/>
68
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<Text>Schedule 13 makes special provision in connection with the operation of section 62(1) in relation to persons providing information society services within the meaning of that Schedule.</Text>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</Pblock>
<Pblock DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/part/2/chapter/2/crossheading/indecent-pseudophotographs-of-children" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/part/2/chapter/2/crossheading/indecent-pseudophotographs-of-children" NumberOfProvisions="1" RestrictExtent="E+W" id="part-2-chapter-2-crossheading-indecent-pseudophotographs-of-children" RestrictStartDate="2010-04-06">
<Title>
<Emphasis>Indecent pseudo-photographs of children</Emphasis>
</Title>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2010-04-06">
<Title>Indecent pseudo-photographs of children: marriage etc</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/69" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/69" id="section-69">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-0af9e96f1e3c43fd04c875188b7cfbd7"/>
69
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/69/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/69/1" id="section-69-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In section 1A of the Protection of Children Act 1978 (c. 37) (making of indecent photograph of child etc: marriage and other relationships), after “photograph”, in each place it occurs, insert
<InlineAmendment>“ or pseudo-photograph ”</InlineAmendment>
.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/69/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/69/2" id="section-69-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In section 160A of the Criminal Justice Act 1988 (c. 33) (possession of indecent photograph of child etc: marriage and other relationships), after “photograph”, in each place it occurs, insert
<InlineAmendment>“ or pseudo-photograph ”</InlineAmendment>
.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/69/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/69/3" id="section-69-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In Article 15A of the Criminal Justice (Evidence, etc) (Northern Ireland) Order 1988 (S.I. 1988/1847 (N.I. 17)) (marriage and other relationships), after “photograph”, in each place it occurs, insert
<InlineAmendment>“ or pseudo-photograph ”</InlineAmendment>
.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/69/4" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/69/4" id="section-69-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In Article 3B of the Protection of Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 (S.I. 1978/1047 (N.I. 17)) (marriage and other relationships), after “photograph”, in each place it occurs, insert
<InlineAmendment>“ or pseudo-photograph ”</InlineAmendment>
.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</Pblock>
</Chapter>
<Chapter DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/part/2/chapter/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/part/2/chapter/3" NumberOfProvisions="7" id="part-2-chapter-3" RestrictStartDate="2015-07-31">
<Number>Chapter 3</Number>
<Title>Other offences</Title>
<P1group RestrictExtent="E+W" RestrictStartDate="2010-04-06">
<Title>Genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/70" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/70" id="section-70">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-c50c7806f21f676031dcbcf55798446e"/>
70
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/70/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/70/1" id="section-70-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The International Criminal Court Act 2001 (c. 17) is amended as follows.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/70/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/70/2" id="section-70-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In sections 53 and 60 (trial and punishment of main offences), after subsection (6) add—</Text>
<BlockAmendment TargetClass="primary" TargetSubClass="unknown" Context="main" Format="default">
<P2>
<Pnumber>7</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Subsections (5) and (6) are subject to section 65B (restriction of penalties in relation to retrospective application of certain offences).</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</BlockAmendment>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/70/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/70/3" id="section-70-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>After section 65 insert—</Text>
<BlockAmendment TargetClass="primary" TargetSubClass="unknown" Context="main" Format="default">
<P1group>
<Title>Retrospective application of certain offences</Title>
<P1>
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">65A</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2>
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Sections 51 and 58 apply to acts committed on or after 1 January 1991.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>But those sections do not apply to a crime against humanity, or a war crime within article 8.2(b) or (e), committed by a person before 1 September 2001 unless, at the time the act constituting that crime was committed, the act amounted in the circumstances to a criminal offence under international law.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Section 52 applies to conduct in which a person engaged on or after 1 January 1991, and in subsections (2) and (3) of that section references to an offence include an act or conduct which would not constitute an offence under the law of England and Wales but for this section.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Section 59 applies to conduct in which a person engaged on or after 1 January 1991, and in subsections (2) and (3) of that section references to an offence include an act or conduct which would not constitute an offence under the law of Northern Ireland but for this section.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Any enactment or rule of law relating to an offence ancillary to a relevant Part 5 offence—</Text>
<P3>
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>applies to conduct in which a person engaged on or after 1 January 1991, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>applies even if the act or conduct constituting the relevant Part 5 offence would not constitute such an offence but for this section.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>6</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>But sections 52 and 59, and any enactment or rule of law relating to an offence ancillary to a relevant Part 5 offence, do not apply to—</Text>
<P3>
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>conduct in which the person engaged before 1 September 2001, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>conduct in which the person engaged on or after that date which was ancillary to an act or conduct which—</Text>
<P4>
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>was committed or engaged in before that date, and</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4>
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>would not constitute a relevant Part 5 offence, or fall within section 52(2) or 59(2), but for this section,</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<Text>unless, at the time the person engaged in the conduct, it amounted in the circumstances to a criminal offence under international law.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>7</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Section 65, so far as it has effect in relation to relevant Part 5 offences—</Text>
<P3>
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>applies to failures to exercise control of the kind mentioned in section 65(2) or (3) which occurred on or after 1 January 1991, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>applies even if the act or conduct constituting the relevant Part 5 offence would not constitute such an offence but for this section.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>8</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>But section 65, so far as it has effect in relation to relevant Part 5 offences, does not apply to a failure to exercise control of the kind mentioned in section 65(2) or (3) which occurred before 1 September 2001 unless, at the time the failure occurred, it amounted in the circumstances to a criminal offence under international law.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>9</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In this section “
<Term>relevant Part 5 offence</Term>
” means an offence under section 51, 52, 58 or 59 or an offence ancillary to such an offence.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group>
<Title>Modification of penalties: provision supplemental to section 65A</Title>
<P1>
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">65B</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2>
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In the case of a pre-existing E&W offence committed before 1 September 2001, in section 53(6) “30 years” is to be read as “14 years”.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In the case of an offence of the kind mentioned in section 55(1)(d) which is ancillary to a pre-existing E&W offence committed before 1 September 2001, nothing in section 53(5) and (6) disapplies the penalties provided for in sections 4 and 5 of the Criminal Law Act 1967.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In the case of a pre-existing
<Acronym Expansion="Northern Ireland">NI</Acronym>
offence committed before 1 September 2001, in section 60(6) “30 years” is to be read as “14 years”.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In the case of an offence of the kind mentioned in section 62(1)(d) which is ancillary to a pre-existing NI offence committed before 1 September 2001, nothing in section 60(5) and (6) disapplies the penalties provided for in sections 4 and 5 of the Criminal Law Act (Northern Ireland) 1967.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In this section—</Text>
<UnorderedList Decoration="none" Class="Definition">
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term>pre-existing E&W offence</Term>
” means—
</Text>
</Para>
<OrderedList Type="alpha" Decoration="parens">
<ListItem NumberOverride="a">
<Para>
<Text>an offence under section 51 on account of an act constituting genocide, if at the time the act was committed it also amounted to an offence under section 1 of the Genocide Act 1969;</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem NumberOverride="b">
<Para>
<Text>an offence under section 51 on account of an act constituting a war crime, if at the time the act was committed it also amounted to an offence under section 1 of the Geneva Conventions Act 1957 (grave breaches of the Conventions);</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem NumberOverride="c">
<Para>
<Text>an offence of a kind mentioned in section 55(1)(a) to (c) which is ancillary to an offence within paragraph (a) or (b) above;</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
</OrderedList>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term>pre-existing NI offence</Term>
” means—
</Text>
</Para>
<OrderedList Type="alpha" Decoration="parens">
<ListItem NumberOverride="a">
<Para>
<Text>an offence under section 58 on account of an act constituting genocide, if at the time the act was committed it also amounted to an offence under section 1 of the Genocide Act 1969;</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem NumberOverride="b">
<Para>
<Text>an offence under section 58 on account of an act constituting a war crime, if at the time the act was committed it also amounted to an offence under section 1 of the Geneva Conventions Act 1957 (grave breaches of the Conventions);</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem NumberOverride="c">
<Para>
<Text>an offence of a kind mentioned in section 62(1)(a) to (c) which is ancillary to an offence within paragraph (a) or (b) above.</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
</OrderedList>
</ListItem>
</UnorderedList>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</BlockAmendment>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/70/4" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/70/4" id="section-70-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>After section 67 insert—</Text>
<BlockAmendment TargetClass="primary" TargetSubClass="unknown" Context="main" Format="default">
<P1group>
<Title>
Supplemental provision about
<Acronym Expansion="United Kingdom">UK</Acronym>
residents
</Title>
<P1>
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">67A</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2>
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>To the extent that it would not otherwise be the case, the following individuals are to be treated for the purposes of this Part as being resident in the United Kingdom—</Text>
<P3>
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>an individual who has indefinite leave to remain in the United Kingdom;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>any other individual who has made an application for such leave (whether or not it has been determined) and who is in the United Kingdom;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>an individual who has leave to enter or remain in the United Kingdom for the purposes of work or study and who is in the United Kingdom;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>d</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>an individual who has made an asylum claim, or a human rights claim, which has been granted;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>e</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>any other individual who has made an asylum claim or human rights claim (whether or not the claim has been determined) and who is in the United Kingdom;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>f</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>an individual named in an application for indefinite leave to remain, an asylum claim or a human rights claim as a dependant of the individual making the application or claim if—</Text>
<P4>
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>the application or claim has been granted, or</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4>
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>the named individual is in the United Kingdom (whether or not the application or claim has been determined);</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>g</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>an individual who would be liable to removal or deportation from the United Kingdom but cannot be removed or deported because of section 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998 or for practical reasons;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>h</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>an individual—</Text>
<P4>
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>against whom a decision to make a deportation order under section 5(1) of the Immigration Act 1971 by virtue of section 3(5)(a) of that Act (deportation conducive to the public good) has been made,</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4>
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>who has appealed against the decision to make the order (whether or not the appeal has been determined), and</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4>
<Pnumber>iii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>who is in the United Kingdom;</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>an individual who is an illegal entrant within the meaning of section 33(1) of the Immigration Act 1971 or who is liable to removal under section 10 of the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>j</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>an individual who is detained in lawful custody in the United Kingdom.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>When determining for the purposes of this Part whether any other individual is resident in the United Kingdom regard is to be had to all relevant considerations including—</Text>
<P3>
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the periods during which the individual has been or intends to be in the United Kingdom,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the purposes for which the individual is, has been or intends to be in the United Kingdom,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>whether the individual has family or other connections to the United Kingdom and the nature of those connections, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>d</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>whether the individual has an interest in residential property located in the United Kingdom.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In this section—</Text>
<UnorderedList Decoration="none" Class="Definition">
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term>asylum claim</Term>
” means—
</Text>
</Para>
<OrderedList Type="alpha" Decoration="parens">
<ListItem NumberOverride="a">
<Para>
<Text>a claim that it would be contrary to the United Kingdom's obligations under the Refugee Convention for the claimant to be removed from, or required to leave, the United Kingdom, or</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem NumberOverride="b">
<Para>
<Text>a claim that the claimant would face a real risk of serious harm if removed from the United Kingdom;</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
</OrderedList>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term>Convention rights</Term>
” means the rights identified as Convention rights by section 1 of the Human Rights Act 1998;
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term>detained in lawful custody</Term>
” means—
</Text>
</Para>
<OrderedList Type="alpha" Decoration="parens">
<ListItem NumberOverride="a">
<Para>
<Text>detained in pursuance of a sentence of imprisonment, detention or custody for life or a detention and training order,</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem NumberOverride="b">
<Para>
<Text>remanded in or committed to custody by an order of a court,</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem NumberOverride="c">
<Para>
<Text>detained pursuant to an order under section 2 of the Colonial Prisoners Removal Act 1884 or a warrant under section 1 or 4A of the Repatriation of Prisoners Act 1984,</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem NumberOverride="d">
<Para>
<Text>detained under Part 3 of the Mental Health Act 1983 or by virtue of an order under section 5 of the Criminal Procedure (Insanity) Act 1964 or section 6 or 14 of the Criminal Appeal Act 1968 (hospital orders, etc),</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem NumberOverride="e">
<Para>
<Text>detained by virtue of an order under Part 6 of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 (other than an order under section 60C) or a hospital direction under section 59A of that Act, and includes detention by virtue of the special restrictions set out in Part 10 of the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 to which a person is subject by virtue of an order under section 59 of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995, or</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem NumberOverride="f">
<Para>
<Text>detained under Part 3 of the Mental Health (Northern Ireland) Order 1986 or by virtue of an order under section 11 or 13(5A) of the Criminal Appeal (Northern Ireland) Act 1980;</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
</OrderedList>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term>human rights claim</Term>
” means a claim that to remove the claimant from, or to require the claimant to leave, the United Kingdom would be unlawful under section 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998 (public authority not to act contrary to Convention) as being incompatible with the person's Convention rights;
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term>the Refugee Convention</Term>
” means the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees done at Geneva on 28 July 1951 and the Protocol to the Convention;
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term>serious harm</Term>
” has the meaning given by article 15 of Council Directive
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/directive/2004/0083" id="c00003" Class="EuropeanUnionDirective" Year="2004" Number="83">
2004/83/
<Acronym Expansion="European Community">EC</Acronym>
</Citation>
on minimum standards for the qualification and status of third country nationals or stateless persons as refugees or as persons who otherwise need international protection and the content of the protection granted;
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
</UnorderedList>
<Text>and a reference to having leave to enter or remain in the United Kingdom is to be construed in accordance with the Immigration Act 1971.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>This section applies in relation to any offence under this Part (whether committed before or after the coming into force of this section).</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</BlockAmendment>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictExtent="E+W+N.I." RestrictStartDate="2015-07-31">
<Title>Slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/71" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/71" id="section-71">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-e01111654bf488ef4e6785cb76d0c439"/>
71
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<Text>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</Text>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictExtent="E+W" RestrictStartDate="2010-02-01">
<Title>Conspiracy</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/72" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/72" id="section-72">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-e99cb0691452db0d2c0ad3329b5c805f"/>
72
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/72/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/72/1" id="section-72-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In section 1A of the Criminal Law Act 1977 (c. 45) (conspiracy to commit offences outside the United Kingdom)—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/72/1/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/72/1/a" id="section-72-1-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
in the title and in subsection (2), for “the United Kingdom” substitute
<InlineAmendment>“ England and Wales ”</InlineAmendment>
, and
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/72/1/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/72/1/b" id="section-72-1-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>for subsection (14) substitute—</Text>
<BlockAmendment TargetClass="primary" TargetSubClass="unknown" Context="main" Format="default">
<P2>
<Pnumber>14</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Nothing in this section applies to an agreement entered into before 4 September 1998.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>15</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In relation to an agreement entered into during the period beginning with that date and ending with the commencement of section 72(1) of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, this section applies as if in subsection (2) for “England and Wales” there were substituted
<InlineAmendment>“ the United Kingdom ”</InlineAmendment>
.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>16</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Nothing in this section imposes criminal liability on any person acting on behalf of, or holding office under, the Crown.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</BlockAmendment>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/72/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/72/2" id="section-72-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In Article 9A of the Criminal Attempts and Conspiracy (Northern Ireland) Order 1983 (S.I. 1983/1120 (N.I. 13)) (conspiracy to commit offences outside the United Kingdom)—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/72/2/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/72/2/a" id="section-72-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
in the title and in paragraph (2), for “the United Kingdom” substitute
<InlineAmendment>“ Northern Ireland ”</InlineAmendment>
, and
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/72/2/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/72/2/b" id="section-72-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>for paragraph (14) substitute—</Text>
<BlockAmendment TargetClass="unknown" TargetSubClass="unknown" Context="unknown" Format="default">
<P2>
<Pnumber>14</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Nothing in this Article applies to an agreement entered into before 4 September 1998.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>15</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In relation to an agreement entered into during the period beginning with that date and ending with the commencement of section 72(2) of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, this Article applies as if in paragraph (2) for “Northern Ireland” there were substituted
<InlineAmendment>“ the United Kingdom ”</InlineAmendment>
.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2>
<Pnumber>16</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Nothing in this Article imposes criminal liability on any person acting on behalf of, or holding office under, the Crown.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</BlockAmendment>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictStartDate="2010-01-12">
<Title>Abolition of common law libel offences etc</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/73" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/73" id="section-73">
<Pnumber PuncAfter="">73</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<Text>The following offences under the common law of England and Wales and the common law of Northern Ireland are abolished—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/73/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/73/a" id="section-73-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the offences of sedition and seditious libel;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/73/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/73/b" id="section-73-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the offence of defamatory libel;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/73/c" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/73/c" id="section-73-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the offence of obscene libel.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</Chapter>
</Part>
</Body>
</Primary>
<Commentaries>
<Commentary id="key-f6a9d44e9f0030e494905fcb79a27265" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-59" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/59" id="c0nr2bsr2-00046">S. 59</CitationSubRef>
in force at 1.2.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/145" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="145" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 3 and Transitional Provision) Order 2010" id="c0nr2bsr2-00047">S.I. 2010/145</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-2-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/145/article/2/2" CitationRef="c0nr2bsr2-00047" id="c0nr2bsr2-00048">art. 2(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="schedule-paragraph-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/145/schedule/paragraph/2" CitationRef="c0nr2bsr2-00047" Operative="true" id="c0nr2bsr2-00049">Sch. para. 2</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-fcc86a85478dd50094a966e5d22bc42a" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-60" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/60" id="c0nr2bsr2-00057">S. 60</CitationSubRef>
in force at 1.2.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/145" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="145" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 3 and Transitional Provision) Order 2010" id="c0nr2bsr2-00058">S.I. 2010/145</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-2-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/145/article/2/2" CitationRef="c0nr2bsr2-00058" id="c0nr2bsr2-00059">art. 2(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="schedule-paragraph-3" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/145/schedule/paragraph/3" CitationRef="c0nr2bsr2-00058" Operative="true" id="c0nr2bsr2-00060">Sch. para. 3</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-6ce3fdabe620c41bf213ba5d21860e4a" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-61" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/61" id="c0nr2bsr2-00068">S. 61</CitationSubRef>
in force at 1.2.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/145" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="145" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 3 and Transitional Provision) Order 2010" id="c0nr2bsr2-00069">S.I. 2010/145</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-2-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/145/article/2/2" CitationRef="c0nr2bsr2-00069" id="c0nr2bsr2-00070">art. 2(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="schedule-paragraph-4" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/145/schedule/paragraph/4" CitationRef="c0nr2bsr2-00069" Operative="true" id="c0nr2bsr2-00071">Sch. para. 4</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-e99cb0691452db0d2c0ad3329b5c805f" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-72" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/72" id="c0nr2bsr2-00079">S. 72</CitationSubRef>
in force at 1.2.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/145" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="145" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 3 and Transitional Provision) Order 2010" id="c0nr2bsr2-00080">S.I. 2010/145</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-2-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/145/article/2/2" CitationRef="c0nr2bsr2-00080" id="c0nr2bsr2-00081">art. 2(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="schedule-paragraph-5" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/145/schedule/paragraph/5" CitationRef="c0nr2bsr2-00080" Operative="true" id="c0nr2bsr2-00082">Sch. para. 5</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-2de87faf6c5228fcb97aa030b1c96ca1" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-62" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/62" id="c0nrx8ac2-00008">S. 62</CitationSubRef>
in force at 6.4.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="816" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2010" id="c0nrx8ac2-00009">S.I. 2010/816</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/article/2" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00009" id="c0nrx8ac2-00010">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="schedule-paragraph-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/schedule/paragraph/1" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00009" Operative="true" id="c0nrx8ac2-00011">Sch. para. 1</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-4c39115479ac8a99c504c4d8c5c395ce" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-63" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/63" id="c0nrx8ac2-00019">S. 63</CitationSubRef>
in force at 6.4.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="816" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2010" id="c0nrx8ac2-00020">S.I. 2010/816</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/article/2" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00020" id="c0nrx8ac2-00021">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="schedule-paragraph-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/schedule/paragraph/1" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00020" Operative="true" id="c0nrx8ac2-00022">Sch. para. 1</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-57cee9d395c03b7634523ee41f1bf2ab" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-64" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/64" id="c0nrx8ac2-00030">S. 64</CitationSubRef>
in force at 6.4.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="816" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2010" id="c0nrx8ac2-00031">S.I. 2010/816</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/article/2" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00031" id="c0nrx8ac2-00032">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="schedule-paragraph-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/schedule/paragraph/1" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00031" Operative="true" id="c0nrx8ac2-00033">Sch. para. 1</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-0847a51ac3ae101290fc26ecab4775a8" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-65" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/65" id="c0nrx8ac2-00041">S. 65</CitationSubRef>
in force at 6.4.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="816" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2010" id="c0nrx8ac2-00042">S.I. 2010/816</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/article/2" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00042" id="c0nrx8ac2-00043">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="schedule-paragraph-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/schedule/paragraph/1" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00042" Operative="true" id="c0nrx8ac2-00044">Sch. para. 1</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-5ae56abb817bef56b33c6f6e35db1a9c" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef id="c0nrx8ac2-00052" SectionRef="section-66" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/66">S. 66</CitationSubRef>
in force at 6.4.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816" id="c0nrx8ac2-00053" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="816" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2010">S.I. 2010/816</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00053" id="c0nrx8ac2-00054" SectionRef="article-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/article/2">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00053" id="c0nrx8ac2-00055" SectionRef="schedule-paragraph-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/schedule/paragraph/1" Operative="true">Sch. para. 1</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-d9795497750821838f03cc84341172a2" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-67" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/67" id="c0nrx8ac2-00063">S. 67</CitationSubRef>
in force at 6.4.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="816" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2010" id="c0nrx8ac2-00064">S.I. 2010/816</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/article/2" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00064" id="c0nrx8ac2-00065">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="schedule-paragraph-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/schedule/paragraph/1" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00064" Operative="true" id="c0nrx8ac2-00066">Sch. para. 1</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-4f237c5adbcb61b0957b2c29d1a16e38" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-68" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/68" id="c0nrx8ac2-00074">S. 68</CitationSubRef>
in force at 6.4.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="816" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2010" id="c0nrx8ac2-00075">S.I. 2010/816</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/article/2" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00075" id="c0nrx8ac2-00076">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="schedule-paragraph-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/schedule/paragraph/1" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00075" Operative="true" id="c0nrx8ac2-00077">Sch. para. 1</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-0af9e96f1e3c43fd04c875188b7cfbd7" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-69" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/69" id="c0nrx8ac2-00085">S. 69</CitationSubRef>
in force at 6.4.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="816" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2010" id="c0nrx8ac2-00086">S.I. 2010/816</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/article/2" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00086" id="c0nrx8ac2-00087">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="schedule-paragraph-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/schedule/paragraph/2" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00086" Operative="true" id="c0nrx8ac2-00088">Sch. para. 2</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-c50c7806f21f676031dcbcf55798446e" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-70" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/70" id="c0nrx8ac2-00096">S. 70</CitationSubRef>
in force at 6.4.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="816" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2010" id="c0nrx8ac2-00097">S.I. 2010/816</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/article/2" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00097" id="c0nrx8ac2-00098">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="schedule-paragraph-3" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/schedule/paragraph/3" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00097" Operative="true" id="c0nrx8ac2-00099">Sch. para. 3</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-c837bca080af947eb05b7d6e2b1bd00d" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-52" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/52" id="c0o1riwv2-00007">S. 52</CitationSubRef>
in force at 4.10.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="816" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2010" id="c0o1riwv2-00008">S.I. 2010/816</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-5-a" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/article/5/a" CitationRef="c0o1riwv2-00008" Operative="true" id="c0o1riwv2-00009">art. 5(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-703829001a4479db6a78af9981aa9103" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-56-2-a" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/56/2/a" id="c0o1riwv2-00016">S. 56(2)(a)</CitationSubRef>
in force at 4.10.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="816" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2010" id="c0o1riwv2-00017">S.I. 2010/816</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-5-b" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/article/5/b" CitationRef="c0o1riwv2-00017" Operative="true" id="c0o1riwv2-00018">art. 5(b)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-fca13ef6ce328b8dfd6888aa689feed3" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-57" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/57" id="c0o1riwv2-00025">S. 57</CitationSubRef>
in force at 4.10.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="816" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2010" id="c0o1riwv2-00026">S.I. 2010/816</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-5-c" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/article/5/c" CitationRef="c0o1riwv2-00026" Operative="true" id="c0o1riwv2-00027">art. 5(c)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-79c41c53f334c430ca38462febfc50b3" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-54" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/54" id="c0o1riwv2-00076">S. 54</CitationSubRef>
in force at 4.10.2010 for E.W. by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="816" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2010" id="c0o1riwv2-00077">S.I. 2010/816</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-6-a" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/article/6/a" CitationRef="c0o1riwv2-00077" Operative="true" id="c0o1riwv2-00078">art. 6(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-13399cfee5ea18e4d6c40b7e8b9b26ba" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-55" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/55" id="c0o1riwv2-00085">S. 55</CitationSubRef>
in force at 4.10.2010 for E.W. by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="816" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2010" id="c0o1riwv2-00086">S.I. 2010/816</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-6-a" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/article/6/a" CitationRef="c0o1riwv2-00086" Operative="true" id="c0o1riwv2-00087">art. 6(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-457579ba401e2c3a3f78e1f49c4f322b" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-56-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/56/1" id="c0o1riwv2-00094">S. 56(1)</CitationSubRef>
in force at 4.10.2010 for E.W. by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="816" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2010" id="c0o1riwv2-00095">S.I. 2010/816</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-6-b" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/article/6/b" CitationRef="c0o1riwv2-00095" Operative="true" id="c0o1riwv2-00096">art. 6(b)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-eb1ce7ff7e5409bcf32afdea515d65ef" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-53" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/53" id="ccahn6hi2-00007">S. 53</CitationSubRef>
in force at 1.6.2011 for N.I. by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2011/182" Class="NorthernIrelandStatutoryRule" Year="2011" Number="182" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 1) (Northern Ireland) Order 2011" id="ccahn6hi2-00008">S.R. 2011/182</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-3-a" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2011/182/article/3/a" CitationRef="ccahn6hi2-00008" Operative="true" id="ccahn6hi2-00009">art. 3(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-b5a1891e104f0ba1f4150fd5e6c7a488" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-54" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/54" id="ccahn6hi2-00016">S. 54</CitationSubRef>
in force at 1.6.2011 for N.I. by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2011/182" Class="NorthernIrelandStatutoryRule" Year="2011" Number="182" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 1) (Northern Ireland) Order 2011" id="ccahn6hi2-00017">S.R. 2011/182</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-3-b" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2011/182/article/3/b" CitationRef="ccahn6hi2-00017" Operative="true" id="ccahn6hi2-00018">art. 3(b)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-8491689cf1d0375ba652995a0dc28882" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-55" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/55" id="ccahn6hi2-00025">S. 55</CitationSubRef>
in force at 1.6.2011 for N.I. by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2011/182" Class="NorthernIrelandStatutoryRule" Year="2011" Number="182" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 1) (Northern Ireland) Order 2011" id="ccahn6hi2-00026">S.R. 2011/182</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-3-b" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2011/182/article/3/b" CitationRef="ccahn6hi2-00026" Operative="true" id="ccahn6hi2-00027">art. 3(b)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-729b2a711b5b258c4d341756fcd66380" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-56-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/56/1" id="ccahn6hi2-00036">S. 56(1)</CitationSubRef>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-56-2-b" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/56/2/b" id="ccahn6hi2-00037">(2)(b)</CitationSubRef>
in force at 1.6.2011 for N.I. by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2011/182" Class="NorthernIrelandStatutoryRule" Year="2011" Number="182" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 1) (Northern Ireland) Order 2011" id="ccahn6hi2-00038">S.R. 2011/182</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-3-c" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2011/182/article/3/c" CitationRef="ccahn6hi2-00038" Operative="true" id="ccahn6hi2-00039">art. 3(c)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-f3e6426eea4b2b4aec0f4519e14779e1" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-58" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/58" id="ccahn6hi2-00046">S. 58</CitationSubRef>
in force at 1.6.2011 for N.I. by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2011/182" Class="NorthernIrelandStatutoryRule" Year="2011" Number="182" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 1) (Northern Ireland) Order 2011" id="ccahn6hi2-00047">S.R. 2011/182</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef SectionRef="article-3-e" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2011/182/article/3/e" CitationRef="ccahn6hi2-00047" Operative="true" id="ccahn6hi2-00048">art. 3(e)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-e01111654bf488ef4e6785cb76d0c439" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 71 repealed (N.I.) (14.1.2015) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/2" id="ccw3bw7j2-00005" Class="NorthernIrelandAct" Year="2015" Number="2" Title="Human Trafficking and Exploitation (Criminal Justice and Support for Victims) Act (Northern Ireland) 2015">Human Trafficking and Exploitation (Criminal Justice and Support for Victims) Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 2)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="cc139819374395" CitationRef="ccw3bw7j2-00005" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/2/section/28/2" SectionRef="section-28-2">s. 28(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="cc181894389177" CitationRef="ccw3bw7j2-00005" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/2/schedule/5" SectionRef="schedule-5" Operative="true">Sch. 5</CitationSubRef>
; S. 71 omitted (E.W.) (31.7.2015) by virtue of
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2015/30" id="cg1xgt692-00005" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Year="2015" Number="30" Title="Modern Slavery Act 2015">Modern Slavery Act 2015 (c. 30)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="cg1xgt692-00006" CitationRef="cg1xgt692-00005" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2015/30/section/61/1" SectionRef="section-61-1">s. 61(1)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="cg1xgt692-00007" CitationRef="cg1xgt692-00005" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2015/30/schedule/5/paragraph/8" SectionRef="schedule-5-paragraph-8" Operative="true">Sch. 5 para. 8</CitationSubRef>
;
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/1476" id="cg1xgt692-00008" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2015" Number="1476" Title="The Modern Slavery Act 2015 (Commencement No. 1, Saving and Transitional Provisions) Regulations 2015">S.I. 2015/1476</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="cg1xgt692-00009" CitationRef="cg1xgt692-00008" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/1476/regulation/2/j" SectionRef="regulation-2-j">reg. 2(j)</CitationSubRef>
(with
<CitationSubRef id="cg1xgt692-00010" CitationRef="cg1xgt692-00008" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/1476/regulation/3" SectionRef="regulation-3">regs. 3</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="cg1xgt692-00011" CitationRef="cg1xgt692-00008" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/1476/regulation/5" SectionRef="regulation-5">5</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="cg1xgt692-00012" CitationRef="cg1xgt692-00008" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/1476/regulation/7" SectionRef="regulation-7">7</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="cg1xgt692-00013" CitationRef="cg1xgt692-00008" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/1476/regulation/8" SectionRef="regulation-8">8</CitationSubRef>
)
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-aac348961a3b0e23f285586ad88dc6dd" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Words in
<CitationSubRef id="cw942or04-00007" SectionRef="section-66-3-a" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/66/3/a">s. 66(3)(a)</CitationSubRef>
substituted (7.2.2023 at 12.00 p.m.) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2023/149" id="cw942or04-00008" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2023" Number="149" Title="The Judicial Review and Courts Act 2022 (Magistrates’ Court Sentencing Powers) Regulations 2023">The Judicial Review and Courts Act 2022 (Magistrates’ Court Sentencing Powers) Regulations 2023 (S.I. 2023/149)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef CitationRef="cw942or04-00008" id="cw942or04-00009" SectionRef="regulation-1-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2023/149/regulation/1/2">regs. 1(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef CitationRef="cw942or04-00008" id="cw942or04-00010" SectionRef="regulation-2-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2023/149/regulation/2/1">2(1)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef CitationRef="cw942or04-00008" id="cw942or04-00011" SectionRef="schedule-part-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2023/149/schedule/part/1" Operative="true">Sch. Pt. 1</CitationSubRef>
table
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
</Commentaries>
</Legislation>