http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121Coroners and Justice Act 2009An Act to amend the law relating to coroners, to investigation of deaths and to certification and registration of deaths; to amend the criminal law; to make provision about criminal justice and about dealing with offenders; to make provision about the Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses; to make provision relating to the security of court and other buildings; to make provision about legal aid and about payments for legal services provided in connection with employment matters; to make provision for payments to be made by offenders in respect of benefits derived from the exploitation of material pertaining to offences; to amend the Data Protection Act 1998; and for connected purposes.texttext/xmlenStatute Law Database2024-09-27Expert Participation2024-09-18 Part 4 SentencingChapter 1Sentencing Council for England and Wales<Emphasis>Guidelines</Emphasis>Sentencing ranges1211When exercising functions under section 120, the Council is to have regard to the desirability of sentencing guidelines which relate to a particular offence being structured in the way described in subsections (2) to (9).2The guidelines should, if reasonably practicable given the nature of the offence, describe, by reference to one or more of the factors mentioned in subsection (3), different categories of case involving the commission of the offence which illustrate in general terms the varying degrees of seriousness with which the offence may be committed.3Those factors are—athe offender's culpability in committing the offence;bthe harm caused, or intended to be caused or which might foreseeably have been caused, by the offence;csuch other factors as the Council considers to be particularly relevant to the seriousness of the offence in question.4The guidelines should—aspecify the range of sentences (“the offence range”) which, in the opinion of the Council, it may be appropriate for a court to impose on an offender convicted of that offence, andbif the guidelines describe different categories of case in accordance with subsection (2), specify for each category the range of sentences (“the category range”) within the offence range which, in the opinion of the Council, it may be appropriate for a court to impose on an offender in a case which falls within the category.5The guidelines should also—aspecify the sentencing starting point in the offence range, orbif the guidelines describe different categories of case in accordance with subsection (2), specify the sentencing starting point in the offence range for each of those categories.6The guidelines should—a(to the extent not already taken into account by categories of case described in accordance with subsection (2)) list any aggravating or mitigating factors which, by virtue of any enactment or other rule of law, the court is required to take into account when considering the seriousness of the offence and any other aggravating or mitigating factors which the Council considers are relevant to such a consideration,blist any other mitigating factors which the Council considers are relevant in mitigation of sentence for the offence, andcinclude criteria, and provide guidance, for determining the weight to be given to previous convictions of the offender and such of the other factors within paragraph (a) or (b) as the Council considers to be of particular significance in relation to the offence or the offender.7For the purposes of subsection (6)(b) the following are to be disregarded—athe requirements of section 73 of the Sentencing Code (reduction in sentences for guilty pleas);b sections 74, 387 and 388 of the Sentencing Code (assistance by defendants: reduction or review of sentence) and any other rule of law by virtue of which an offender may receive a discounted sentence in consequence of assistance given (or offered to be given) by the offender to the prosecutor or investigator of an offence;cany rule of law as to the totality of sentences.8The provision made in accordance with subsection (6)(c) should be framed in such manner as the Council considers most appropriate for the purpose of assisting the court, when sentencing an offender for the offence, to determine the appropriate sentence within the offence range.9The provision made in accordance with subsections (2) to (8) may be different for different circumstances or cases involving the offence.10The sentencing starting point in the offence range—afor a category of case described in the guidelines in accordance with subsection (2), is the sentence within that range which the Council considers to be the appropriate starting point for cases within that category—ibefore taking account of the factors mentioned in subsection (6), andiiassuming the offender has pleaded not guilty, andbwhere the guidelines do not describe categories of case in accordance with subsection (2), is the sentence within that range which the Council considers to be the appropriate starting point for the offence—ibefore taking account of the factors mentioned in subsection (6), andiiassuming the offender has pleaded not guilty.S. 121 in force at 6.4.2010 by S.I. 2010/816, art. 2, Sch. para. 8Words in s. 121(7)(a) substituted (1.12.2020) by Sentencing Act 2020 (c. 17), s. 416(1), Sch. 24 para. 278(a) (with Sch. 24 para. 447, Sch. 27); S.I. 2020/1236, reg. 2Words in s. 121(7)(b) substituted (1.12.2020) by Sentencing Act 2020 (c. 17), s. 416(1), Sch. 24 para. 278(b) (with Sch. 24 para. 447, Sch. 27); S.I. 2020/1236, reg. 2
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<Title>Sentencing</Title>
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<Title>Sentencing ranges</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121" id="section-121">
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121
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<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>When exercising functions under section 120, the Council is to have regard to the desirability of sentencing guidelines which relate to a particular offence being structured in the way described in subsections (2) to (9).</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/2" id="section-121-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The guidelines should, if reasonably practicable given the nature of the offence, describe, by reference to one or more of the factors mentioned in subsection (3), different categories of case involving the commission of the offence which illustrate in general terms the varying degrees of seriousness with which the offence may be committed.</Text>
</P2para>
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<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/3" id="section-121-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Those factors are—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/3/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/3/a" id="section-121-3-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the offender's culpability in committing the offence;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/3/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/3/b" id="section-121-3-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the harm caused, or intended to be caused or which might foreseeably have been caused, by the offence;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/3/c" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/3/c" id="section-121-3-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>such other factors as the Council considers to be particularly relevant to the seriousness of the offence in question.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/4" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/4" id="section-121-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The guidelines should—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/4/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/4/a" id="section-121-4-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>specify the range of sentences (“the offence range”) which, in the opinion of the Council, it may be appropriate for a court to impose on an offender convicted of that offence, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/4/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/4/b" id="section-121-4-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>if the guidelines describe different categories of case in accordance with subsection (2), specify for each category the range of sentences (“the category range”) within the offence range which, in the opinion of the Council, it may be appropriate for a court to impose on an offender in a case which falls within the category.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/5" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/5" id="section-121-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The guidelines should also—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/5/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/5/a" id="section-121-5-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>specify the sentencing starting point in the offence range, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/5/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/5/b" id="section-121-5-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>if the guidelines describe different categories of case in accordance with subsection (2), specify the sentencing starting point in the offence range for each of those categories.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/6" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/6" id="section-121-6">
<Pnumber>6</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The guidelines should—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/6/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/6/a" id="section-121-6-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>(to the extent not already taken into account by categories of case described in accordance with subsection (2)) list any aggravating or mitigating factors which, by virtue of any enactment or other rule of law, the court is required to take into account when considering the seriousness of the offence and any other aggravating or mitigating factors which the Council considers are relevant to such a consideration,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/6/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/6/b" id="section-121-6-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>list any other mitigating factors which the Council considers are relevant in mitigation of sentence for the offence, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/6/c" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/6/c" id="section-121-6-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>include criteria, and provide guidance, for determining the weight to be given to previous convictions of the offender and such of the other factors within paragraph (a) or (b) as the Council considers to be of particular significance in relation to the offence or the offender.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/7" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/7" id="section-121-7">
<Pnumber>7</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>For the purposes of subsection (6)(b) the following are to be disregarded—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/7/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/7/a" id="section-121-7-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
the requirements of
<Substitution ChangeId="key-3c1a7d227f2ed167cf88c74611bba07f-1616501180907" CommentaryRef="key-3c1a7d227f2ed167cf88c74611bba07f">section 73 of the Sentencing Code</Substitution>
(reduction in sentences for guilty pleas);
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/7/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/7/b" id="section-121-7-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
<Substitution ChangeId="key-efdbcc54daa63d75dda3a9ef026253ff-1616501219346" CommentaryRef="key-efdbcc54daa63d75dda3a9ef026253ff">sections 74, 387 and 388 of the Sentencing Code</Substitution>
(assistance by defendants: reduction or review of sentence) and any other rule of law by virtue of which an offender may receive a discounted sentence in consequence of assistance given (or offered to be given) by the offender to the prosecutor or investigator of an offence;
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/7/c" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/7/c" id="section-121-7-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>any rule of law as to the totality of sentences.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/8" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/8" id="section-121-8">
<Pnumber>8</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The provision made in accordance with subsection (6)(c) should be framed in such manner as the Council considers most appropriate for the purpose of assisting the court, when sentencing an offender for the offence, to determine the appropriate sentence within the offence range.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/9" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/9" id="section-121-9">
<Pnumber>9</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The provision made in accordance with subsections (2) to (8) may be different for different circumstances or cases involving the offence.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/10" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/10" id="section-121-10">
<Pnumber>10</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The sentencing starting point in the offence range—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/10/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/10/a" id="section-121-10-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>for a category of case described in the guidelines in accordance with subsection (2), is the sentence within that range which the Council considers to be the appropriate starting point for cases within that category—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/10/a/i" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/10/a/i" id="section-121-10-a-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>before taking account of the factors mentioned in subsection (6), and</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/10/a/ii" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/10/a/ii" id="section-121-10-a-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>assuming the offender has pleaded not guilty, and</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/10/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/10/b" id="section-121-10-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>where the guidelines do not describe categories of case in accordance with subsection (2), is the sentence within that range which the Council considers to be the appropriate starting point for the offence—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/10/b/i" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/10/b/i" id="section-121-10-b-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>before taking account of the factors mentioned in subsection (6), and</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/10/b/ii" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/10/b/ii" id="section-121-10-b-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>assuming the offender has pleaded not guilty.</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</Pblock>
</Chapter>
</Part>
</Body>
</Primary>
<Commentaries>
<Commentary id="key-62cdf9f0656dc857e21508d538c6a7c5" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 121 in force at 6.4.2010 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816" id="c0nrx8ac2-00188" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2010" Number="816" Title="The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2010">S.I. 2010/816</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c0nrx8ac2-00189" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00188" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/article/2" SectionRef="article-2">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c0nrx8ac2-00190" CitationRef="c0nrx8ac2-00188" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2010/816/schedule/paragraph/8" SectionRef="schedule-paragraph-8" Operative="true">Sch. para. 8</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-3c1a7d227f2ed167cf88c74611bba07f" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Words in
<CitationSubRef id="c48834bj4-00006" SectionRef="section-121-7-a" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/7/a">s. 121(7)(a)</CitationSubRef>
substituted (1.12.2020) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17" id="c48834bj4-00007" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Year="2020" Number="17" Title="Sentencing Act 2020">Sentencing Act 2020 (c. 17)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c48834bj4-00008" CitationRef="c48834bj4-00007" SectionRef="section-416-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/section/416/1">s. 416(1)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c48834bj4-00009" CitationRef="c48834bj4-00007" SectionRef="schedule-24-paragraph-278-a" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/schedule/24/paragraph/278/a" Operative="true">Sch. 24 para. 278(a)</CitationSubRef>
(with
<CitationSubRef id="c48834bj4-00010" CitationRef="c48834bj4-00007" SectionRef="schedule-24-paragraph-447" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/schedule/24/paragraph/447">Sch. 24 para. 447</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c48834bj4-00011" CitationRef="c48834bj4-00007" SectionRef="schedule-27" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/schedule/27">Sch. 27</CitationSubRef>
);
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/1236" id="c48834bj4-00012" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2020" Number="1236" Title="The Sentencing Act 2020 (Commencement No. 1) Regulations 2020">S.I. 2020/1236</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c48834bj4-00013" CitationRef="c48834bj4-00012" SectionRef="regulation-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/1236/regulation/2">reg. 2</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-efdbcc54daa63d75dda3a9ef026253ff" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Words in
<CitationSubRef id="c48834bj4-00019" SectionRef="section-121-7-b" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/121/7/b">s. 121(7)(b)</CitationSubRef>
substituted (1.12.2020) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17" id="c48834bj4-00020" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Year="2020" Number="17" Title="Sentencing Act 2020">Sentencing Act 2020 (c. 17)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c48834bj4-00021" CitationRef="c48834bj4-00020" SectionRef="section-416-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/section/416/1">s. 416(1)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c48834bj4-00022" CitationRef="c48834bj4-00020" SectionRef="schedule-24-paragraph-278-b" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/schedule/24/paragraph/278/b" Operative="true">Sch. 24 para. 278(b)</CitationSubRef>
(with
<CitationSubRef id="c48834bj4-00023" CitationRef="c48834bj4-00020" SectionRef="schedule-24-paragraph-447" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/schedule/24/paragraph/447">Sch. 24 para. 447</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c48834bj4-00024" CitationRef="c48834bj4-00020" SectionRef="schedule-27" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/schedule/27">Sch. 27</CitationSubRef>
);
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/1236" id="c48834bj4-00025" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2020" Number="1236" Title="The Sentencing Act 2020 (Commencement No. 1) Regulations 2020">S.I. 2020/1236</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c48834bj4-00026" CitationRef="c48834bj4-00025" SectionRef="regulation-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/1236/regulation/2">reg. 2</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
</Commentaries>
</Legislation>