Section 35 - Fluoridation of water supplies
406.This section amends Chapter 4 of Part 3 of the Water Industry Act 1991 (fluoridation), as amended by the Water Act 2003. Subsections (2) to (8) amend the Act to provide for the Secretary of State to make arrangements with a water undertaker to fluoridate a water supply. However, he may only do so if a local authority has made a fluoridation proposal, consulted on that proposal, and taken a final decision in accordance with the new sections of the 1991 Act inserted by section 36.
407.Subsection (5) inserts new subsections (7A) and (7B) of section 87 of the 1991 Act. Subsection (7A) requires the Secretary of State to consult local authorities on the terms of any fluoridation arrangements entered into with a water undertaker. Subsection (7B) defines local authorities for the purposes of the provisions. The effect is that upper-tier authorities are responsible for fluoridation proposals – i.e. county councils, a district council for an area in England where there is no county council (which includes “unitary boroughs”), London borough councils and the Common Council of the City of London.
408.Subsection (6) inserts new subsections (7C) to (7F) of section 87 of the 1991 Act. These subsections require co-ordination between the Secretary of State and Welsh Ministers in relation to schemes adjoining areas either side of the border. Currently there are no cross-border fluoridation schemes between England and Wales, nor are there any proposals for any. The requirements to co-ordinate would only be in put in place once the legislation was brought into force in relation to both England and Wales. It is for Welsh Ministers to commence the provisions in relation to Wales.
409.Subsection (9) inserts new subsection (3A) into section 87A of the 1991 Act (target concentration of fluoridation). Currently the target concentration for fluoridation schemes is 1 milligram per litre - 1 part per million. Subsection (9) provides for a situation where, for technical reasons, a water undertaker is unable to provide this level of concentration to an area covered by a fluoridation scheme. For example, this might apply to an area that is distant from the water treatment works at which the fluoride is added to the water. New subsection (3A) ensures that when the Secretary of State receives a notification of such a technical problem, he would have to enter new arrangements or vary existing arrangements, so as to have a lower target concentration, but only having consulted the local authorities affected. The local authorities would in practice need to consider if the benefits to oral health at this lower concentration were still equal to the cost of fluoridating the area.
410.Arrangements (contracts) for water fluoridation schemes contain complex legal and technical requirements. It is possible that there will on occasions be disagreements as to the exact terms of these requirements. Subsection (10) therefore amends section 87B of the 1991 Act so that in the event that the Secretary of State and the water undertaker are unable to agree the terms of an arrangement, or a variation in those terms, the Secretary of State may determine the terms of the arrangement or he could appoint an independent person to arbitrate if he so wished.
411.Subsection (14) amends section 90A (review of fluoridation) of the 1991 Act which relates to monitoring the effect of fluoridation schemes on the health of the population affected. The new subsection (5A) requires the Secretary of State to consult the relevant local authorities when carrying out such monitoring, and in particular before producing the report required by section 90A(1)(b) of the 1991 Act. This ensures that affected local authorities would be fully conversant with any effects identified and that the Secretary of State is provided with relevant information and views.
