S. 43 in force at 18.11.2023, see s. 63(2)(a)

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/41/section/43/2024-05-01Northern Ireland Troubles (Legacy and Reconciliation) Act 2023enStatute Law Database2024-06-10Expert Participation2024-05-01PART 3Investigations, legal proceedings etc and release of prisonersCivil proceedings, inquests and police complaints
43Tort, delict and fatal accident actions1

A relevant Troubles-related civil action that was brought on or after the day of the First Reading in the House of Commons of the Bill for this Act may not be continued on and after the day on which this section comes into force.

2

A relevant Troubles-related civil action may not be brought on or after the day on which this section comes into force.

3

For the purposes of this section an action is a “relevant Troubles-related civil action” if conditions A, B and C are met.

4

Condition A: the action is to determine a claim arising out of conduct forming part of the Troubles.

5

Condition B: the action is founded on—

a

tort or delict,

b

a cause of action arising under fatal accidents legislation, or

c

a cause of action arising under the law of any other jurisdiction that corresponds to—

i

tort or delict, or

ii

a cause of action arising under fatal accidents legislation.

6

Condition C: the time limit for bringing the action was, or would be (in the absence of this section), given in—

a

the Limitation (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 (S.I. 1989/1339 (N.I. 11)),

b

the Foreign Limitation Periods (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 (S.I. 1985/754 (N.I. 5)),

c

the Limitation Act 1980,

d

the Foreign Limitation Periods Act 1984,

e

the Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act 1973, or

f

section 190 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995;

(including where a court has permitted the action to be brought outside such a time limit).

7

Subsection (1) does not stop a relevant Troubles-related civil action from being continued on and after the day on which this section comes into force, if the court of first instance has given a final judgment on, or otherwise finally determined, the matter in dispute before that day (including by a default judgment or a consent order or, in Scotland, by a decree in absence, decree by default or summary decree).

8

Where subsection (1) or (2) stops an action from being continued, or brought, on or after the day on which this section comes into force, that subsection—

a

does not stop costs proceedings from being continued or begun on or after that day; but

b

otherwise stops the proceedings in the action, and any other related proceedings, from being continued or begun on or after that day.

9

This section does not apply to a relevant Troubles-related civil action if, or to the extent that, section 47(1) applies to the action (prohibition of civil claims alleging invalidity of interim custody orders).

10

In this section—

costs proceedings”, in relation to a relevant Troubles-related civil action, means proceedings to determine or recover costs (in Northern Ireland or England and Wales) or expenses (in Scotland) of the action;

fatal accidents legislation” means—

a

the Fatal Accidents (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 (S.I. 1977/1251 (N.I. 18)),

b

the Fatal Accidents Act 1976, or

c

section 4 of the Damages (Scotland) Act 2011 (asp 7);

matter in dispute”, in relation to a relevant Troubles-related civil action, means the claim (referred to in subsection (4)) which arises out of conduct forming part of the Troubles and which the action is to determine;

other jurisdiction”, in relation to a relevant Troubles-related civil action, means a jurisdiction (whether within or outside the United Kingdom) other than the jurisdiction in which that action is, or would be, brought;

other related proceedings”, in relation to a relevant Troubles-related civil action, means proceedings which relate to, or arise out of the action (including any enforcement action and any appeal), except for costs proceedings;

2008 Mediation Directive” means Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters.

11

Schedule 9 makes provision for courts to determine whether the prohibitions in this section apply to a civil action.

12

Schedule 10 makes provision about bringing and continuing relevant Troubles-related civil actions if the 2008 Mediation Directive applies to the matter in dispute by virtue of the EU withdrawal agreement.

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<num>PART 3</num>
<heading>Investigations, legal proceedings etc and release of prisoners</heading>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="part-3-crossheading-civil-proceedings-inquests-and-police-complaints" period="#period2">
<heading>Civil proceedings, inquests and police complaints</heading>
<section eId="section-43" period="#period1">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-d65f79b3d90c313ae6f12c57da99dbe6" marker="I1" class="commentary I"/>
43
</num>
<heading>Tort, delict and fatal accident actions</heading>
<subsection eId="section-43-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>A relevant Troubles-related civil action that was brought on or after the day of the First Reading in the House of Commons of the Bill for this Act may not be continued on and after the day on which this section comes into force.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-43-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>A relevant Troubles-related civil action may not be brought on or after the day on which this section comes into force.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-43-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>For the purposes of this section an action is a “relevant Troubles-related civil action” if conditions A, B and C are met.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-43-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>
<em>Condition A</em>
: the action is to determine a claim arising out of conduct forming part of the Troubles.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-43-5">
<num>5</num>
<intro>
<p>
<em>Condition B</em>
: the action is founded on—
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-43-5-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>tort or delict,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-43-5-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>a cause of action arising under fatal accidents legislation, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-43-5-c">
<num>c</num>
<intro>
<p>a cause of action arising under the law of any other jurisdiction that corresponds to—</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="section-43-5-c-i">
<num>i</num>
<content>
<p>tort or delict, or</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="section-43-5-c-ii">
<num>ii</num>
<content>
<p>a cause of action arising under fatal accidents legislation.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-43-6">
<num>6</num>
<intro>
<p>
<em>Condition C</em>
: the time limit for bringing the action was, or would be (in the absence of this section), given in—
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-43-6-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>
the Limitation (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 (
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1989/1339">S.I. 1989/1339 (N.I. 11)</ref>
),
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-43-6-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>
the Foreign Limitation Periods (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 (
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1985/754">S.I. 1985/754 (N.I. 5)</ref>
),
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-43-6-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>the Limitation Act 1980,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-43-6-d">
<num>d</num>
<content>
<p>the Foreign Limitation Periods Act 1984,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-43-6-e">
<num>e</num>
<content>
<p>the Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act 1973, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-43-6-f">
<num>f</num>
<content>
<p>section 190 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>(including where a court has permitted the action to be brought outside such a time limit).</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-43-7">
<num>7</num>
<content>
<p>
Subsection
<a href="#section-43-1">(1)</a>
does not stop a relevant Troubles-related civil action from being continued on and after the day on which this section comes into force, if the court of first instance has given a final judgment on, or otherwise finally determined, the matter in dispute before that day (including by a default judgment or a consent order or, in Scotland, by a decree in absence, decree by default or summary decree).
</p>
</content>
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<subsection eId="section-43-8">
<num>8</num>
<intro>
<p>
Where subsection
<a href="#section-43-1">(1)</a>
or
<a href="#section-43-2">(2)</a>
stops an action from being continued, or brought, on or after the day on which this section comes into force, that subsection—
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-43-8-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>does not stop costs proceedings from being continued or begun on or after that day; but</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-43-8-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>otherwise stops the proceedings in the action, and any other related proceedings, from being continued or begun on or after that day.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-43-9">
<num>9</num>
<content>
<p>
This section does not apply to a relevant Troubles-related civil action if, or to the extent that, section 47
<a href="#section-47-1">(1)</a>
applies to the action (prohibition of civil claims alleging invalidity of interim custody orders).
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-43-10">
<num>10</num>
<content>
<p>In this section—</p>
<blockList class="unordered">
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<p>
<term refersTo="#term-costs-proceedings">costs proceedings</term>
”, in relation to a relevant Troubles-related civil action, means proceedings to determine or recover costs (in Northern Ireland or England and Wales) or expenses (in Scotland) of the action;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-fatal-accidents-legislation">fatal accidents legislation</term>
” means—
</p>
<blockList class="ordered">
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<num>a</num>
<p>
the Fatal Accidents (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 (
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1977/1251">S.I. 1977/1251 (N.I. 18)</ref>
),
</p>
</item>
<item>
<num>b</num>
<p>the Fatal Accidents Act 1976, or</p>
</item>
<item>
<num>c</num>
<p>
section 4 of the Damages (Scotland) Act
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2011/7">2011 (asp 7)</ref>
;
</p>
</item>
</blockList>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-matter-in-dispute">matter in dispute</term>
”, in relation to a relevant Troubles-related civil action, means the claim (referred to in subsection
<a href="#section-43-4">(4)</a>
) which arises out of conduct forming part of the Troubles and which the action is to determine;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-other-jurisdiction">other jurisdiction</term>
”, in relation to a relevant Troubles-related civil action, means a jurisdiction (whether within or outside the United Kingdom) other than the jurisdiction in which that action is, or would be, brought;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-other-related-proceedings">other related proceedings</term>
”, in relation to a relevant Troubles-related civil action, means proceedings which relate to, or arise out of the action (including any enforcement action and any appeal), except for costs proceedings;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-2008-mediation-directive">2008 Mediation Directive</term>
” means
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/directive/2008/0052">Directive 2008/52/EC</ref>
of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters.
</p>
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<subsection eId="section-43-11">
<num>11</num>
<content>
<p>Schedule 9 makes provision for courts to determine whether the prohibitions in this section apply to a civil action.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-43-12">
<num>12</num>
<content>
<p>Schedule 10 makes provision about bringing and continuing relevant Troubles-related civil actions if the 2008 Mediation Directive applies to the matter in dispute by virtue of the EU withdrawal agreement.</p>
</content>
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