[F1PART VIIAU.K.FLAT-RATE SCHEME FOR SMALL BUSINESSES

Textual Amendments

Interpretation of Part VIIAU.K.

55A.—(1) In this Part—

(2) For the purposes of this Part, a person is associated with another person at any time if that other person makes supplies in the course or furtherance of a business carried on by him, and—

(a)the business of one is under the dominant influence of the other, or

(b)the persons are closely bound to one another by financial, economic and organisational links.

[F5(3) For the purposes of this Part, “relevant date”, in relation to a flat-rate trader, means any of the following—

(a)his start date;

(b)the first day of the prescribed accounting period current at any anniversary of his start date;

(c)any day on which he first carries on a new business activity;

(d)any day on which he no longer carries on an existing business activity;

(e)any day with effect from which the Table is amended in relation to him;

(f)where regulation 55JB (reduced rate for newly registered period) applies—

(i)the day that his newly registered period begins, and

(ii)the first anniversary of his EDR.]

Textual Amendments

Flat-rate scheme for small businessesU.K.

55B.—(1) The Commissioners may, subject to the requirements of this Part, authorise a taxable person to account for and pay VAT in respect of his relevant supplies in accordance with the scheme with effect from—

(a)the beginning of his next prescribed accounting period after the date on which the Commissioners are notified F6... of his desire to be so authorised, or

(b)such earlier or later date as may be agreed between him and the Commissioners.

(2) The date with effect from which a person is so authorised shall be known as his start date.

(3) The Commissioners may refuse to so authorise a person if they consider it is necessary for the protection of the revenue that he is not so authorised.

(4) A flat-rate trader shall continue to account for VAT in accordance with the scheme until his end date.

Textual Amendments

Relevant supplies and purchasesU.K.

55C.—(1) Subject to paragraphs (3) [F7, (5) and (6)] , any—

(a)supply of any goods or services to,

(b)acquisition of any goods from another member State by, or

(c)importation of any goods from a place outside the member States by,

a flat-rate trader is a relevant purchase of his.

(2) Subject to the following provisions of this regulation, any supply made by a person when he is not a flat-rate trader is not a relevant supply of his.

(3) Subject to [F8paragraphs (4) and (6)] below, where—

(a)a supply is made to, or made by, a person at a time when he is not a flat-rate trader, and

(b)the operative date for VAT accounting purposes is, by virtue of regulation 57 (cash accounting scheme), a date when he is a flat-rate trader,

that supply is a relevant supply or a relevant purchase of his, as the case may be, if otherwise it would not be by virtue of paragraph (2) above.

(4) Where a person—

(a)is entitled to any credit for input tax in respect of the supply to, or acquisition or importation by, him of capital expenditure goods,

(b)claims any such credit, and

(c)makes a supply of those capital expenditure goods,

the supply made by him is not a relevant supply of his, if otherwise it would be.

(5) Where by virtue of any provision of, or made under, the Act a supply is treated as made by a flat-rate trader, whether to himself or otherwise, that supply is neither a relevant supply nor a relevant purchase of his.

[F9(6) Where a supply of goods to which section 55A(6) of the Act applies (customers to account for tax on supplies of goods of a kind used in missing trader intra-community fraud) is made to, or made by, a flat rate trader, that supply is neither a relevant purchase nor a relevant supply of his.]

Textual Amendments

Method of accountingU.K.

55D.  Subject to [F10regulations 55H and 55JB] below, for any prescribed accounting period of a flat-rate trader, the output tax due from him in respect of his relevant supplies shall be deemed to be the appropriate percentage of his relevant turnover for that period.

Textual Amendments

Input taxU.K.

55E.—(1) For any prescribed accounting period of a flat-rate trader, he is entitled to credit for input tax in respect of any relevant purchase of his of capital expenditure goods with a value, together with the VAT chargeable, of more than £2,000.

(2) Where paragraph (1) above applies, the whole of the input tax on the goods concerned shall be regarded as used or to be used by the flat-rate trader exclusively in making taxable supplies.

(3) Section 26B(5) of the Act shall not apply to prevent a taxable person from being entitled to credit for input tax in respect of any supply, acquisition or importation by him that is not a relevant purchase of his.

(4) Nothing in this regulation gives an entitlement to credit for input tax where such entitlement is excluded by virtue of any order made under section 25(7) of the Act.

Exceptional claims for VAT reliefU.K.

55F.—(1) This regulation applies where—

(a)the first prescribed accounting period for which a taxable person is authorised to account for and pay VAT in accordance with the scheme is the first prescribed accounting period for which he is, or is required to be, registered under the Act, and

(b)the taxable person makes a claim in accordance with regulation 111 (exceptional claims for VAT relief).

(2) Where this regulation applies, section 26B(5) of the Act shall not apply to prevent the taxable person from being entitled to credit for input tax in relation to the matters for which he makes the claim described in paragraph (1)(b) above.

(3) Where—

(a)this regulation applies, and

(b)the Commissioners authorise the claim described in paragraph (1)(b) above,

the whole of the input tax on the goods or services concerned shall be regarded as used or to be used by the taxable person exclusively in making taxable supplies.

Determining relevant turnoverU.K.

55G.—(1) The Commissioners shall prescribe, in a notice published by them, three methods to determine when supplies are to be treated as taking place for the purpose of ascertaining the relevant turnover of a flat-rate trader for a particular period, as follows—

(a)“the basic turnover method”, which shall be a method based on consideration for supplies taking place in a period;

(b)“the cash turnover method”, which shall be a method based on the actual consideration received in a period;

(c)“the retailer’s turnover method”, which shall be a method based on the daily gross takings of a retailer.

(2) When exercising their power to prescribe these methods, the Commissioners shall prescribe what rules are to apply when a flat-rate trader ceases to use one of the methods and begins to use a different method.

(3) In any prescribed accounting period, a flat-rate trader must use one of the methods to determine the value of his relevant turnover.

Appropriate percentageU.K.

[F1155H.—(1) The appropriate percentage to be applied by a flat-rate trader for any prescribed accounting period, or part of a prescribed accounting period (as the case may be), shall be determined in accordance with this regulation and regulations 55JB and 55K.

(2) For any prescribed accounting period—

(a)beginning with a relevant date, the appropriate percentage shall be that specified in the Table for the category of business that he is expected, at the relevant date, on reasonable grounds, to carry on in that period;

(b)current at his start date but not beginning with his start date, the appropriate percentage shall be that specified in the Table for the category of business that he is expected, at his start date, on reasonable grounds, to carry on in the remainder of the period;

(c)not falling within (a) or (b), the appropriate percentage shall be that applicable to his relevant turnover at the end of the previous prescribed accounting period.

(3) Except that, where a relevant date other than his start date occurs on a day other than the first day of a prescribed accounting period, the following rules shall apply for the remainder of that prescribed accounting period—

(a)for the remaining portion, the appropriate percentage shall be that specified in the Table for the category of business that he is expected, at the relevant date, on reasonable grounds, to carry on in that period;

(b)“remaining portion” means that part of the prescribed accounting period in which the relevant date occurs—

(i)starting with the relevant date, and

(ii)ending on the last day of that prescribed accounting period;

(c)the appropriate percentage specified in sub-paragraph (a) shall be applied to his relevant turnover in the remaining portion described;

(d)if the rules set out in paragraphs (a) to (c) apply and then another relevant date occurs in the same prescribed accounting period, then—

(i)the existing remaining portion ends on the day before the latest relevant date,

(ii)another remaining portion begins on the latest relevant date, and

(iii)the rules in paragraph (a) to (c) shall be applied again in respect of the latest remaining portion.]

Textual Amendments

[F12Reduced appropriate percentage for newly registered periodU.K.

55JB.—(1) This regulation applies where a flat-rate trader’s start date falls within one year of his EDR.

(2) Except that this regulation does not apply where—

(a)the Commissioners received notification of, or otherwise became fully aware of, his liability to be registered more than one year after his EDR, or

(b)his end date or the first anniversary of his EDR falls before 1st January 2004.

(3) At any relevant date on or after 1st January 2004 falling within his newly registered period, the Table shall be read as if each percentage specified in the right-hand column were reduced by one.

(4) A flat-rate trader’s “newly registered period” is the period—

(a)beginning with the later of—

(i)his start date; and

(ii)the day the Commissioners received notification of, or otherwise became fully aware of, his liability to be registered under the Act, and

(b)ending on the day before the first anniversary of his EDR.]

Textual Amendments

Category of businessU.K.

55K.—(1) Where, at a relevant date, a flat-rate trader is expected, on reasonable grounds, to carry on business in more than one category in the period concerned, paragraph (3) below shall apply.

F13(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3) He shall be regarded as being expected, on reasonable grounds, to carry on that category of business which is expected, on reasonable grounds, to be his main business activity in that period.

(4) In paragraph (3) above, his main business activity in a period is to be determined by reference to the respective proportions of his relevant turnover expected, on reasonable grounds, to be generated by each business activity expected, on reasonable grounds, to be carried on in the period.

Table

[F14Category of businessAppropriate percentage
(1)

“Labour-only building or construction services” means building or construction services where the value of materials supplied is less than 10 per cent of relevant turnover from such services; any other building or construction services are “general building or construction services”.]

Accountancy or book-keeping11.5
Advertising8.5
Agricultural services7
Any other activity not listed elsewhere9
Architect, civil and structural engineer or surveyor11
Boarding or care of animals9.5
Business services that are not listed elsewhere9.5
Catering services including restaurants and takeaways10.5
Computer and IT consultancy or data processing11.5
Computer repair services10
Dealing in waste or scrap8.5
Entertainment or journalism9.5
Estate agency or property management services9.5
Farming or agriculture that is not listed elsewhere5.5
Film, radio, television or video production9.5
Financial services10.5
Forestry or fishing8
General building or construction services(1)7.5
Hairdressing or other beauty treatment services10.5
Hiring or renting goods7.5
Hotel or accommodation8.5
Investigation or security9
Labour-only building or construction services(1)11.5
Laundry or dry-cleaning services9.5
Lawyer or legal services12
Library, archive, museum or other cultural activity7.5
Management consultancy11
Manufacturing that is not listed elsewhere7.5
Manufacturing fabricated metal products8.5
Manufacturing food7
Manufacturing yarn, textiles or clothing7.5
Membership organisation5.5
Mining or quarrying8
Packaging7.5
Photography8.5
Post offices2
Printing6.5
Publishing8.5
Pubs5.5
Real estate activity not listed elsewhere11
Repairing personal or household goods7.5
Repairing vehicles6.5
Retailing food, confectionary, tobacco, newspapers or children’s clothing2
Retailing pharmaceuticals, medical goods, cosmetics or toiletries6
Retailing that is not listed elsewhere5.5
Retailing vehicles or fuel5.5
Secretarial services9.5
Social work8
Sport or recreation6
Transport or storage, including couriers, freight, removals and taxis8
Travel agency8
Veterinary medicine8
Wholesaling agricultural products5.5
Wholesaling food5
Wholesaling that is not listed elsewhere6

Textual Amendments

Admission to schemeU.K.

55L.—(1) A taxable person shall be eligible to be authorised to account for VAT in accordance with the scheme at any time if—

(a)there are reasonable grounds for believing that—

(i)the value of taxable supplies to be made by him in the period of one year then beginning will not exceed [F15£150,000], and

(ii)the total value of his income in the period of one year then beginning will not exceed [F16£187,500],

(b)he—

(i)is not a tour operator,

(ii)is not required to carry out adjustments in relation to a capital item under Part XV, or

(iii)does not intend to opt to account for the VAT chargeable on a supply made by him by reference to the profit margin on the supply, in accordance with the provisions of any Order made under section 50A of the Act,

(c)he has not, in the period of one year preceding that time—

(i)been convicted of any offence in connection with VAT,

(ii)made any payment to compound proceedings in respect of VAT under section 152 of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979(1),

(iii)been assessed to a penalty under section 60 of the Act, or

(iv)ceased to operate the scheme, and

(d)he is not, and has not been within the past 24 months—

(i)eligible to be registered for VAT in the name of a group under section 43A of the Act,

(ii)registered for VAT in the name of a division under section 46(1) of the Act, or

(iii)associated with another person.

(2) In determining the value of a person’s taxable supplies or income for the purposes of paragraph (1)(a)—

(a)any supply of goods or services that are capital assets of the business in the course or furtherance of which they are supplied, and

(b)any supply of services treated as made by the recipient by virtue of section 8 of the Act (reverse charge on supplies from abroad),

shall be disregarded.

(3) Notwithstanding the above, where a person has been—

(a)eligible to be registered for VAT in the name of a group under section 43A of the Act,

(b)registered for VAT in the name of a division under section 46(1) of the Act, or

(c)associated with another person,

in the period of 24 months before the date of his application, he shall not be eligible to be authorised, unless the Commissioners are satisfied that such authorisation poses no risk to the revenue.

Textual Amendments

Withdrawal from the schemeU.K.

55M.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2) below, a flat-rate trader ceases to be eligible to be authorised to account for VAT in accordance with the scheme where—

(a)at any anniversary of his start date, the total value of his income in the period of one year then ending is more than [F17£225,000],

(b)there are reasonable grounds to believe that the total value of his income in the period of 30 days then beginning will exceed [F17£225,000],

(c)he becomes a tour operator,

(d)he intends to acquire, construct or otherwise obtain a capital item within the meaning of regulation 112(2),

(e)he opts to account for the VAT chargeable on a supply made by him by reference to the profit margin on the supply, in accordance with the provisions of any Order made under section 50A of the Act,

(f)he becomes—

(i)eligible to be registered for VAT in the name of a group under section 43A of the Act,

(ii)registered for VAT in the name of a division under section 46(1) of the Act, or

(iii)associated with another person,

(g)he opts to withdraw from the scheme, or

(h)his authorisation is terminated in accordance with regulation 55P below.

(2) A flat-rate trader does not cease to be eligible to be authorised by virtue of paragraph (1)(a) above if the Commissioners are satisfied that the total value of his income in the period of one year then beginning will not exceed [F18£187,500].

(3) In determining the value of a flat-rate trader’s income for the purposes of paragraphs (1)(a) and (b) and (2) above, any supply of goods or services that are capital assets of the business in the course or furtherance of which they are supplied, shall be disregarded.

Textual Amendments

NotificationU.K.

55N.—[F19(1) Where—

(a)at the first day of the prescribed accounting period current at any anniversary of his start date,

(b)the appropriate percentage to be applied by a flat-rate trader in accordance with regulation 55H(2)(a) for the prescribed accounting period just beginning differs from that applicable to his relevant turnover at the end of the previous prescribed accounting period,

he must notify the Commissioners of that fact within 30 days of the first day of the prescribed accounting period current at the anniversary of his start date.

(2) Where a flat-rate trader begins to carry on a new business activity or ceases to carry on an existing business activity, he must notify the Commissioners of—

(a)that fact,

(b)the date that is the relevant date described by regulation 55A(3)(c) or (d) (as the case may be), and

(c)the appropriate percentage to be applied to the period immediately before that relevant date and immediately after it,

within 30 days of that relevant date.]

(3) Where any of sub-paragraphs (a) to (g) of regulation 55M(1) apply, the flat-rate trader shall notify the Commissioners of that fact within 30 days.

(4) Any notification required by this regulation shall be given in writing.

Textual Amendments

Termination by the CommissionersU.K.

55P.  The Commissioners may terminate the authorisation of a flat-rate trader at any time if—

(a)they consider it necessary to do so for the protection of the revenue, or

(b)a false statement was made by, or on behalf of, him in relation to his application for authorisation.

Date of withdrawal from the schemeU.K.

55Q.—(1) The date on which a flat-rate trader ceases to be authorised to account for VAT in accordance with the scheme shall be—

(a)where regulation 55M(1)(a) applies—

(i)in the case of a person who is authorised in accordance with regulation 50(1) (annual accounting scheme), the end of the prescribed accounting period in which the relevant anniversary occurred, or the end of the month next following, whichever is the earlier, or

(ii)in all other cases, the end of the prescribed accounting period in which the relevant anniversary occurred,

(b)where regulation 55M(1)(b) applies, the beginning of the period of 30 days in question,

(c)where regulation 55M(1)(c), (d), or (f) applies, the date the event occurred,

(d)where regulation 55M(1)(e) applies, the beginning of the prescribed accounting period for which he makes the election described by that provision,

(e)where regulation 55M(1)(g) applies, the date on which the Commissioners are notified in writing of his decision to cease using the scheme, or such earlier or later date as may be agreed between them and him, and

(f)where regulation 55M(1)(h) applies, the date of issue of a notice of termination by the Commissioners or such earlier or later date as may be directed in the notification.

(2) The date with effect from which a person ceases to be so authorised shall be known as his end date.

Self-supply on withdrawal from schemeU.K.

55R.—(1) This regulation applies where—

(a)a person continues to be a taxable person after his end date,

(b)for any prescribed accounting period for which he was a flat-rate trader, he was entitled to, and claimed, credit for input tax in respect of any capital expenditure goods, and

(c)he did not, whilst he was a flat-rate trader, make a supply of those goods.

(2) Where this regulation applies, those goods shall be treated for the purposes of the Act as being, on the day after his end date, both supplied to him for the purpose of his business and supplied by him in the course or furtherance of his business.

(3) The value of a supply of goods treated under paragraph (2) above as made to or by a person shall be determined as though it were a supply falling within paragraph 6(1) of Schedule 6 to the Act.

Adjustments in respect of stock on hand at withdrawal from schemeU.K.

55S.—(1) This regulation applies where—

(a)a person continues to be a taxable person after his end date,

(b)at his end date, he has stock on hand in respect of which he is not entitled to credit for input tax, and

(c)the value of the stock on hand referred to in sub-paragraph (b) above exceeds the value of his stock on hand in respect of which he was entitled to credit for input tax, at his start date.

(2) Where this regulation applies, the taxable person, for the prescribed accounting period following that in which his end date falls, is entitled to credit for input tax in respect of his stock on hand in such amount as may be determined in accordance with a notice published by the Commissioners.

Amendment by noticeU.K.

55T.  The Commissioners may vary the terms of any method prescribed by them for the purposes of regulations 55G or 55S by publishing a fresh notice or publishing a notice that amends an existing notice.

Reverse chargesU.K.

55U.  Section 8 of the Act (reverse charge on supplies from abroad) shall not apply to any relevant supply or relevant purchase of a flat-rate trader.

Bad debt reliefU.K.

55V.—(1) This regulation applies where—

(a)a person has made a relevant supply,

(b)he has used the cash turnover method to determine the value of his relevant turnover for the prescribed accounting period in which the relevant supply was made,

(c)he has not accounted for and paid VAT on the supply,

(d)the whole or any part of the consideration for the supply has been written off in his accounts as a bad debt, and

(e)a period of 6 months (beginning with the date of the supply) has elapsed.

(2) Where this regulation applies—

(a)section 36 of the Act(2) (bad debts) and any regulations made thereunder shall apply as if the conditions set out in subsection (1) of that section are satisfied, and

(b)the amount of refund of VAT to which the person is entitled under that section shall be the VAT chargeable on the relevant supply described in paragraph (1) above less the flat-rate amount.

(3) In paragraph (2)(b) above, the flat-rate amount is—

where—

  • A is the appropriate percentage applicable for the prescribed accounting period, or part thereof, in which the relevant supply was made, and

  • B is the value of the relevant supply together with the VAT chargeable thereon.]