The Double Taxation Relief (Taxes on Income) (Malaysia) Order 1997

ARTICLE 28 Exchange of information

(1) The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Agreement or for the prevention of fiscal evasion or for the administration of statutory provisions against tax avoidance in relation to the taxes which are the subject to this Agreement. Any information so exchanged shall be treated as secret and shall not be disclosed to any persons or authorities other than those, including a court or administrative body, concerned with assessment, collection, enforcement or prosecution in respect of those taxes or the determination of appeals in relation thereto.

(2) In no case shall the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:

(a) to carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;

(b) to supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State;

(c) to supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy.