PART IE+W+S GENERAL

Citation, commencement and extentE+W+S

1.—(1) These Regulations may be cited as the Working Time Regulations 1998 and shall come into force on 1st October 1998.

(2) These Regulations extend to Great Britain only.

InterpretationE+W+S

2.—(1) In these Regulations—

(2) In the absence of a definition in these Regulations, words and expressions used in particular provisions which are also used in corresponding provisions of the Working Time Directive or the Young Workers Directive have the same meaning as they have in those corresponding provisions.

(3) In these Regulations—

(a)a reference to a numbered regulation is to the regulation in these Regulations bearing that number;

(b)a reference in a regulation to a numbered paragraph is to the paragraph in that regulation bearing that number; and

(c)a reference in a paragraph to a lettered sub-paragraph is to the sub-paragraph in that paragraph bearing that letter.

Textual Amendments

Marginal Citations

M5O.J. No. L307, 13.12.93, p.18.

M8O.J. No. L216, 20.8.94, p.12.

PART IIE+W+S RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS CONCERNING WORKING TIME

GeneralE+W+S

3.— [F6(1)]  The provisions of this Part have effect subject to the exceptions provided for in Part III of these Regulations.

[F7(2) Where, in this Part, separate provision is made as respects the same matter in relation to workers generally and to young workers, the provision relating to workers generally applies only to adult workers and those young workers to whom, by virtue of any exception in Part 3, the provision relating to young workers does not apply.]

Textual Amendments

F6Reg. 3(1): reg. 3 renumbered as reg. 3(1) (6.4.2003) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (S.I. 2002/3128), regs. 1, 4(a)

Maximum weekly working timeE+W+S

4.—(1) [F8Unless his employer has first obtained the worker’s agreement in writing to perform such work], a worker’s working time, including overtime, in any reference period which is applicable in his case shall not exceed an average of 48 hours for each seven days.

(2) An employer shall take all reasonable steps, in keeping with the need to protect the health and safety of workers, to ensure that the limit specified in paragraph (1) is complied with in the case of each worker employed by him in relation to whom it applies [F9and shall keep up-to-date records of all workers who carry out work to which it does not apply by reason of the fact that the employer has obtained the worker’s agreement as mentioned in paragraph (1)].

(3) Subject to paragraphs (4) and (5) and any agreement under regulation 23(b), the reference periods which apply in the case of a worker are—

(a)where a relevant agreement provides for the application of this regulation in relation to successive periods of 17 weeks, each such period, or

(b)in any other case, any period of 17 weeks in the course of his employment.

(4) Where a worker has worked for his employer for less than 17 weeks, the reference period applicable in his case is the period that has elapsed since he started work for his employer.

(5) Paragraphs (3) and (4) shall apply to a worker who is excluded from the scope of certain provisions of these Regulations by regulation 21 as if for each reference to 17 weeks there were substituted a reference to 26 weeks.

(6) For the purposes of this regulation, a worker’s average working time for each seven days during a reference period shall be determined according to the formula—

where—A is the aggregate number of hours comprised in the worker’s working time during the course of the reference period;

B is the aggregate number of hours comprised in his working time during the course of the period beginning immediately after the end of the reference period and ending when the number of days in that subsequent period on which he has worked equals the number of excluded days during the reference period; and

C> is the number of weeks in the reference period.

(7) In paragraph (6), “excluded days" means days comprised in—

(a)any period of annual leave taken by the worker in exercise of his entitlement under regulation 13;

(b)any period of sick leave taken by the worker;

(c)any period of maternity [F10paternity, adoption or parental] leave taken by the worker; and

(d)any period in respect of which the limit specified in paragraph (1) did not apply in relation to the worker [F11by reason of the fact that the employer has obtained the worker’s agreement as mentioned in paragraph (1)].

Textual Amendments

F8Words in reg. 4(1) substituted (17.12.1999) by The Working Time Regulations 1999 (S.I. 1999/3372), regs. 1(1), 3(1)(a)

F10Words in reg. 4(7)(c) inserted (6.4.2003) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (S.I. 2002/3128), regs. 1, 5

F11Words in reg. 4(7)(d) substituted (17.12.1999) by The Working Time Regulations 1999 (S.I. 1999/3372), regs. 1(1), 3(1)(c)

Agreement to exclude the maximumE+W+S

5.—F12(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(2) An agreement for the purposes of [F13regulation 4]—

(a)may either relate to a specified period or apply indefinitely; and

(b)subject to any provision in the agreement for a different period of notice, shall be terminable by the worker by giving not less than seven days’ notice to his employer in writing.

(3) Where an agreement for the purposes of [F13regulation 4] makes provision for the termination of the agreement after a period of notice, the notice period provided for shall not exceed three months.

F14(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F12Reg. 5(1) omitted (17.12.1999) by virtue of The Working Time Regulations 1999 (S.I. 1999/3372), regs. 1(1), 3(2)(a)

F13Words in reg. 5(2)(3) substituted (17.12.1999) by The Working Time Regulations 1999 (S.I. 1999/3372), regs. 1(1), 3(2)(b)

F14Reg. 5(4) omitted (17.12.1999) by virtue of The Working Time Regulations 1999 (S.I. 1999/3372), regs. 1(1), 3(2)(a)

[F15Maximum working time for young workersE+W+S

5A.—(1) A young worker’s working time shall not exceed—

(a)eight hours a day, or

(b)40 hours a week.

(2) If, on any day, or, as the case may be, during any week, a young worker is employed by more than one employer, his working time shall be determined for the purpose of paragraph (1) by aggregating the number of hours worked by him for each employer.

(3) For the purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), a week starts at midnight between Sunday and Monday.

(4) An employer shall take all reasonable steps, in keeping with the need to protect the health and safety of workers, to ensure that the limits specified in paragraph (1) are complied with in the case of each worker employed by him in relation to whom they apply.]

Textual Amendments

Length of night workE+W+S

6.—(1) A night worker’s normal hours of work in any reference period which is applicable in his case shall not exceed an average of eight hours for each 24 hours.

(2) An employer shall take all reasonable steps, in keeping with the need to protect the health and safety or workers, to ensure that the limit specified in paragraph (1) is complied with in the case of each night worker employed by him.

(3) The reference periods which apply in the case of a night worker are—

(a)where a relevant agreement provides for the application of this regulation in relation to successive periods of 17 weeks, each such period, or

(b)in any other case, any period of 17 weeks in the course of his employment.

(4) Where a worker has worked for his employer for less than 17 weeks, the reference period applicable in his case is the period that has elapsed since he started work for his employer.

(5) For the purposes of this regulation, a night worker’s average normal hours of work for each 24 hours during a reference period shall be determined according to the formula—

where—A is the number of hours during the reference period which are normal working hours for that worker;

B is the number of days during the reference period, and

C is the total number of hours during the reference period comprised in rest periods spent by the worker in pursuance of his entitlement under regulation 11, divided by 24.

F16(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(7) An employer shall ensure that no night worker employed by him whose work involves special hazards or heavy physical or mental strain works for more than eight hours in any 24-hour period during which the night worker performs night work.

(8) For the purposes of paragraph (7), the work of a night worker shall be regarded as involving special hazards or heavy physical or mental strain if—

(a)it is identified as such in—

(i)a collective agreement, or

(ii)a workforce agreement,

which takes account of the specific effects and hazards of night work, or

(b)it is recognised in a risk assessment made by the employer under [F17regulation 3 of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999] as involving a significant risk to the health or safety of workers employed by him.

Textual Amendments

[F18Night work by young workersE+W+S

6A.  An employer shall ensure that no young worker employed by him works during the restricted period.]

Textual Amendments

Health assessment and transfer of night workers to day workE+W+S

7.—(1) An employer—

(a)shall not assign an adult worker to work which is to be undertaken during periods such that the worker will become a night worker unless—

(i)the employer has ensured that the worker will have the opportunity of a free health assessment before he takes up the assignment; or

(ii)the worker had a health assessment before being assigned to work to be undertaken during such periods on an earlier occasion, and the employer has no reason to believe that that assessment is no longer valid, and

(b)shall ensure that each night worker employed by him has the opportunity of a free health assessment at regular intervals of whatever duration may be appropriate in his case.

(2) Subject to paragraph (4), an employer—

(a)shall not assign a young worker to work during [F19the restricted period] unless—

(i)the employer has ensured that the young worker will have the opportunity of a free assessment of his health and capacities before he takes up the assignment; or

(ii)the young worker had an assessment of his health and capacities before being assigned to work during the restricted period on an earlier occasion, and the employer has no reason to believe that that assessment is no longer valid; and

(b)shall ensure that each young worker employed by him and assigned to work during the restricted period has the opportunity of a free assessment of his health and capacities at regular intervals of whatever duration may be appropriate in his case.

(3) For the purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), an assessment is free if it is at no cost to the worker to whom it relates.

(4) The requirements in paragraph (2) do not apply in a case where the work a young worker is assigned to do is of an exceptional nature.

(5) No person shall disclose an assessment made for the purposes of this regulation to any person other than the worker to whom it relates, unless—

(a)the worker has given his consent in writing to the disclosure, or

(b)the disclosure is confined to a statement that the assessment shows the worker to be fit—

(i)in a case where paragraph (1)(a)(i) or (2)(a)(i) applies, to take up an assignment, or

(ii)in a case where paragraph (1)(b) or (2)(b) applies, to continue to undertake an assignment.

(6) Where—

(a)a registered medical practitioner has advised an employer that a worker employed by the employer is suffering from health problems which the practitioner considers to be connected with the fact that the worker performs night work, and

(b)it is possible for the employer to transfer the worker to work—

(i)to which the worker is suited, and

(ii)which is to be undertaken during periods such that the worker will cease to be a night worker,

the employer shall transfer the worker accordingly.

Textual Amendments

F19Words in reg. 7(2) substituted (6.4.2003) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (S.I. 2002/3128), regs. 1, 9

Pattern of workE+W+S

8.  Where the pattern according to which an employer organizes work is such as to put the health and safety of a worker employed by him at risk, in particular because the work is monotonous or the work-rate is predetermined, the employer shall ensure that the worker is given adequate rest breaks.

RecordsE+W+S

9.  An employer shall—

(a)keep records which are adequate to show whether the limits specified in regulations 4(1) [F20, 5A(1)] and 6(1) and (7) and the requirements in regulations [F216A and] 7(1) and (2) are being complied with in the case of each worker employed by him in relation to whom they apply; and

(b)retain such records for two years from the date on which they were made.

Textual Amendments

Daily restE+W+S

10.—(1) [F22A worker] is entitled to a rest period of not less than eleven consecutive hours in each 24-hour period during which he works for his employer.

(2) Subject to paragraph (3), a young worker is entitled to a rest period of not less than twelve consecutive hours in each 24-hour period during which he works for his employer.

(3) The minimum rest period provided for in paragraph (2) may be interrupted in the case of activities involving periods of work that are split up over the day or of short duration.

Textual Amendments

F22Words in reg. 10(1) substituted (6.4.2003) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (S.I. 2002/3128), regs. 1, 11

Weekly rest periodE+W+S

11.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), [F23a worker] is entitled to an uninterrupted rest period of not less than 24 hours in each seven-day period during which he works for his employer.

(2) If his employer so determines, [F23a worker] shall be entitled to either—

(a)two uninterrupted rest periods each of not less than 24 hours in each 14-day period during which he works for his employer; or

(b)one uninterrupted rest period of not less than 48 hours in each such 14-day period,

in place of the entitlement provided for in paragraph (1).

(3) Subject to paragraph (8), a young worker is entitled to a rest period of not less than 48 hours in each seven-day period during which he works for his employer.

(4) For the purpose of paragraphs (1) to (3), a seven-day period or (as the case may be) 14-day period shall be taken to begin—

(a)at such times on such days as may be provided for for the purposes of this regulation in a relevant agreement; or

(b)where there are no provisions of a relevant agreement which apply, at the start of each week or (as the case may be) every other week.

(5) In a case where, in accordance with paragraph (4), 14-day periods are to be taken to begin at the start of every other week, the first such period applicable in the case of a particular worker shall be taken to begin—

(a)if the worker’s employment began on or before the date on which these Regulations come into force, on 5th October 1998; or

(b)if the worker’s employment begins after the date on which these Regulations come into force, at the start of the week in which that employment begins.

(6) For the purposes of paragraphs (4) and (5), a week starts at midnight between Sunday and Monday.

(7) The minimum rest period to which [F24a worker] is entitled under paragraph (1) or (2) shall not include any part of a rest period to which the worker is entitled under regulation 10(1), except where this is justified by objective or technical reasons or reasons concerning the organization of work.

(8) The minimum rest period to which a young worker is entitled under paragraph (3)—

(a)may be interrupted in the case of activities involving periods of work that are split up over the day or are of short duration; and

(b)may be reduced where this is justified by technical or organization reasons, but not to less than 36 consecutive hours.

Textual Amendments

F23Words in reg. 11(1)(2) substituted (6.4.2003) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (S.I. 2002/3128), regs. 1, 12

F24Words in reg. 11(7) substituted (6.4.2003) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (S.I. 2002/3128), regs. 1, 12

Rest breaksE+W+S

12.—(1) Where [F25a worker's] daily working time is more than six hours, he is entitled to a rest break.

(2) The details of the rest break to which [F26a worker] is entitled under paragraph (1), including its duration and the terms on which it is granted, shall be in accordance with any provisions for the purposes of this regulation which are contained in a collective agreement or a workforce agreement.

(3) Subject to the provisions of any applicable collective agreement or workforce agreement, the rest break provided for in paragraph (1) is an uninterrupted period of not less than 20 minutes, and the worker is entitled to spend it away from his workstation if he has one.

(4) Where a young worker’s daily working time is more than four and a half hours, he is entitled to a rest break of at least 30 minutes, which shall be consecutive if possible, and he is entitled to spend it away from his workstation if he has one.

(5) If, on any day, a young worker is employed by more than one employer, his daily working time shall be determined for the purpose of paragraph (4) by aggregating the number of hours worked by him for each employer.

Textual Amendments

Entitlement to annual leaveE+W+S

13.—[F27(1) Subject to paragraph (5), a worker is entitled to four weeks' annual leave in each leave year.]

F28(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3) A worker’s leave year, for the purposes of this regulation, begins—

(a)on such date during the calendar year as may be provided for in a relevant agreement; or

(b)where there are no provisions of a relevant agreement which apply—

(i)if the worker’s employment began on or before 1st October 1998, on that date and each subsequent anniversary of that date; or

(ii)if the worker’s employment begins after 1st October 1998, on the date on which that employment begins and each subsequent anniversary of that date.

(4) Paragraph (3) does not apply to a worker to whom Schedule 2 applies (workers employed in agriculture) except where, in the case of a worker partly employed in agriculture, a relevant agreement so provides.

(5) Where the date on which a worker’s employment begins is later than the date on which (by virtue of a relevant agreement) his first leave year begins, the leave to which he is entitled in that leave year is a proportion of the period applicable under [F29paragraph (1)] equal to the proportion of that leave year remaining on the date on which his employment begins.

F30(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F31(7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F31(8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(9) Leave to which a worker is entitled under this regulation may be taken in instalments, but—

(a)it may only be taken in the leave year in respect of which it is due, and

(b)it may not be replaced by a payment in lieu except where the worker’s employment is terminated.

Textual Amendments

[F32Entitlement to additional annual leaveE+W+S

13A.—(1) Subject to regulation 26A and paragraphs (3) and (5), a worker is entitled in each leave year to a period of additional leave determined in accordance with paragraph (2).

(2) The period of additional leave to which a worker is entitled under paragraph (1) is—

(a)in any leave year beginning on or after 1st October 2007 but before 1st April 2008, 0.8 weeks;

(b)in any leave year beginning before 1st October 2007, a proportion of 0.8 weeks equivalent to the proportion of the year beginning on 1st October 2007 which would have elapsed at the end of that leave year;

(c)in any leave year beginning on 1st April 2008, 0.8 weeks;

(d)in any leave year beginning after 1st April 2008 but before 1st April 2009, 0.8 weeks and a proportion of another 0.8 weeks equivalent to the proportion of the year beginning on 1st April 2009 which would have elapsed at the end of that leave year;

(e)in any leave year beginning on or after 1st April 2009, 1.6 weeks.

(3) The aggregate entitlement provided for in paragraph (2) and regulation 13(1) is subject to a maximum of 28 days.

(4) A worker’s leave year begins for the purposes of this regulation on the same date as the worker’s leave year begins for the purposes of regulation 13.

(5) Where the date on which a worker’s employment begins is later than the date on which his first leave year begins, the additional leave to which he is entitled in that leave year is a proportion of the period applicable under paragraph (2) equal to the proportion of that leave year remaining on the date on which his employment begins.

(6) Leave to which a worker is entitled under this regulation may be taken in instalments, but it may not be replaced by a payment in lieu except where—

(a)the worker’s employment is terminated; or

(b)the leave is an entitlement that arises under paragraph (2)(a), (b) or (c); or

(c)the leave is an entitlement to 0.8 weeks that arises under paragraph (2)(d) in respect of that part of the leave year which would have elapsed before 1st April 2009.

(7) A relevant agreement may provide for any leave to which a worker is entitled under this regulation to be carried forward into the leave year immediately following the leave year in respect of which it is due.

(8) This regulation does not apply to workers to whom the Agricultural Wages (Scotland) Act 1949 applies (as that Act had effect on 1 July 1999).]

Textual Amendments

Compensation related to entitlement to leaveE+W+S

14.—(1) This regulation applies where—

(a)a worker’s employment is terminated during the course of his leave year, and

(b)on the date on which the termination takes effect (“the termination date"), the proportion he has taken of the leave to which he is entitled in the leave year under [F33regulation 13] [F34and regulation 13A] differs from the proportion of the leave year which has expired.

(2) Where the proportion of leave taken by the worker is less than the proportion of the leave year which has expired, his employer shall make him a payment in lieu of leave in accordance with paragraph (3).

(3) The payment due under paragraph (2) shall be—

(a)such sum as may be provided for for the purposes of this regulation in a relevant agreement, or

(b)where there are no provisions of a relevant agreement which apply, a sum equal to the amount that would be due to the worker under regulation 16 in respect of a period of leave determined according to the formula—

where—A is the period of leave to which the worker is entitled under [F35regulation 13] [F36and regulation 13A];

B is the proportion of the worker’s leave year which expired before the termination date, and

C is the period of leave taken by the worker between the start of the leave year and the termination date.

(4) A relevant agreement may provide that, where the proportion of leave taken by the worker exceeds the proportion of the leave year which has expired, he shall compensate his employer, whether by a payment, by undertaking additional work or otherwise.

Textual Amendments

F33Words in reg. 14(1) substituted (25.10.2001) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2001 (S.I. 2001/3256), regs. 1(1), 3

F35Words in reg. 14(3) substituted (25.10.2001) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2001 (S.I. 2001/3256), regs. 1(1), 3

Dates on which leave is takenE+W+S

15.—(1) A worker may take leave to which he is entitled under [F37regulation 13] [F38and regulation 13A] on such days as he may elect by giving notice to his employer in accordance with paragraph (3), subject to any requirement imposed on him by his employer under paragraph (2).

(2) A worker’s employer may require the worker—

(a)to take leave to which the worker is entitled under [F37regulation 13] [F39or regulation 13A]; or

(b)not to take such leave,

on particular days, by giving notice to the worker in accordance with paragraph (3).

(3) A notice under paragraph (1) or (2)—

(a)may relate to all or part of the leave to which a worker is entitled in a leave year;

(b)shall specify the days on which leave is or (as the case may be) is not to be taken and, where the leave on a particular day is to be in respect of only part of the day, its duration; and

(c)shall be given to the employer or, as the case may be, the worker before the relevant date.

(4) The relevant date, for the purposes of paragraph (3), is the date—

(a)in the case of a notice under paragraph (1) or (2)(a), twice as many days in advance of the earliest day specified in the notice as the number of days or part-days to which the notice relates, and

(b)in the case of a notice under paragraph (2)(b), as many days in advance of the earliest day so specified as the number of days or part-days to which the notice relates.

(5) Any right or obligation under paragraphs (1) to (4) may be varied or excluded by a relevant agreement.

(6) This regulation does not apply to a worker to whom Schedule 2 applies (workers employed in agriculture) except where, in the case of a worker partly employed in agriculture, a relevant agreement so provides.

Textual Amendments

F37Words in reg. 15(1)(2) substituted (25.10.2001) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2001 (S.I. 2001/3256), regs. 1(1), 3

[F40Leave during the first year of employmentE+W+S

15A.—(1) During the first year of his employment, the amount of leave a worker may take at any time in exercise of his entitlement under regulation 13 [F41or regulation 13A] is limited to the amount which is deemed to have accrued in his case at that time under paragraph (2) [F42or (2A)], as modified under paragraph (3) in a case where that paragraph applies, less the amount of leave (if any) that he has already taken during that year.

(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1), [F43in the case of workers to whom the Agricultural Wages (Scotland) Act 1949 applies,] leave is deemed to accrue over the course of the worker’s first year of employment, at the rate of one-twelfth of the amount specified in regulation 13(1) on the first day of each month of that year.

[F44(2A) Except where paragraph (2) applies, for the purposes of paragraph (1), leave is deemed to accrue over the course of the worker’s first year of employment, at the rate of one-twelfth of the amount specified in regulation 13(1) and regulation 13A(2), subject to the limit contained in regulation 13A(3), on the first day of each month of that year.]

(3) Where the amount of leave that has accrued in a particular case includes a fraction of a day other than a half-day, the fraction shall be treated as a half-day if it is less than a half-day and as a whole day if it is more than a half-day.

(4) This regulation does not apply to a worker whose employment began on or before 25th October 2001.]

Textual Amendments

Payment in respect of periods of leaveE+W+S

16.—(1) A worker is entitled to be paid in respect of any period of annual leave to which he is entitled under regulation 13 [F45and regulation 13A], at the rate of a week’s pay in respect of each week of leave.

(2) Sections 221 to 224 of the 1996 Act shall apply for the purpose of determining the amount of a week’s pay for the purposes of this regulation, subject to the modifications set out in paragraph (3).

(3) The provisions referred to in paragraph (2) shall apply—

(a)as if references to the employee were references to the worker;

(b)as if references to the employee’s contract of employment were references to the worker’s contract;

(c)as if the calculation date were the first day of the period of leave in question; and

(d)as if the references to sections 227 and 228 did not apply.

(4) A right to payment under paragraph (1) does not affect any right of a worker to remuneration under his contract (“contractual remuneration").

(5) Any contractual remuneration paid to a worker in respect of a period of leave goes towards discharging any liability of the employer to make payments under this regulation in respect of that period; and, conversely, any payment of remuneration under this regulation in respect of a period goes towards discharging any liability of the employer to pay contractual remuneration in respect of that period.

Textual Amendments

Entitlements under other provisionsE+W+S

17.  Where during any period a worker is entitled to a rest period, rest break or annual leave both under a provision of these Regulations and under a separate provision (including a provision of his contract), he may not exercise the two rights separately, but may, in taking a rest period, break or leave during that period, take advantage of whichever right is, in any particular respect, the more favourable.

PART IIIE+W+S EXCEPTIONS

[F46Excluded sectorsE+W+S

18.—(1) These Regulations do not apply—

(a)to workers to whom the European Agreement on the organisation of working time of seafarers dated 30th September 1998 and put into effect by Council Directive 1999/63/EC of 21st June 1999 applies;

[F47(b)to workers to whom the Fishing Vessels (Working Time: Sea-fishermen) Regulations 2004 apply];

[F48(c)to workers to whom the Merchant Shipping (Working Time: Inland Waterways) Regulations 2003 apply].

(2) Regulations 4(1) and (2), 6(1), (2) and (7), 7(1) and (6), 8, 10(1), 11(1) and (2), 12(1), 13 [F49, 13A] and 16 do not apply—

(a)where characteristics peculiar to certain specific services such as the armed forces or the police, or to certain specific activities in the civil protection services, inevitably conflict with the provisions of these Regulations;

(b)to workers to whom the European Agreement on the organisation of working time of mobile staff in civil aviation concluded on 22nd March 2000 and implemented by Council Directive 2000/79/EC of 27th November 2000 applies; or

(c)to the activities of workers who are doctors in training.

(3) Paragraph (2)(c) has effect only until 31st July 2004.

(4) Regulations 4(1) and (2), 6(1), (2) and (7), 8, 10(1), 11(1) and (2) and 12(1) do not apply to workers to whom Directive 2002/15/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the organisation of the working time of persons performing mobile road transport activities, dated 11th March 2002 applies.

[F50(5) Regulation 24 does not apply to workers to whom the Cross-border Railways Services (Working Time) Regulations 2008 apply.]]

Textual Amendments

Domestic serviceE+W+S

19.  Regulations 4(1) and (2) [F51, 5A(1) and (4),] 6(1), (2) and (7), [F526A,] 7(1), (2) and (6) and 8 do not apply in relation to a worker employed as a domestic servant in a private household.

Textual Amendments

Unmeasured working timeE+W+S

20.— [F53(1)]  Regulations 4(1) and (2), 6(1), (2) and (7), 10(1), 11(1) and (2) and 12(1) do not apply in relation to a worker where, on account of the specific characteristics of the activity in which he is engaged, the duration of his working time is not measured or predetermined or can be determined by the worker himself, as may be the case for—

(a)managing executives or other persons with autonomous decision-taking powers;

(b)family workers; or

(c)workers officiating at religious ceremonies in churches and religious communities.

F54(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

Other special casesE+W+S

21.  Subject to regulation 24, regulations 6(1), (2) and (7), 10(1), 11(1) and (2) and 12(1) do not apply in relation to a worker—

(a)where the worker’s activities are such that his place of work and place of residence are distant from one another [F55, including cases where the worker is employed in offshore work,] or his different places of work are distant from one another;

(b)where the worker is engaged in security and surveillance activities requiring a permanent presence in order to protect property and persons, as may be the case for security guards and caretakers or security firms;

(c)where the worker’s activities involve the need for continuity of service or production, as may be the case in relation to—

(i)services relating to the reception, treatment or care provided by hospitals or similar establishments [F56(including the activities of doctors in training)], residential institutions and prisons;

(ii)work at docks or airports;

(iii)press, radio, television, cinematographic production, postal and telecommunications services and civil protection services;

(iv)gas, water and electricity production, transmission and distribution, household refuse collection and incineration;

(v)industries in which work cannot be interrupted on technical grounds;

(vi)research and development activities;

(vii)agriculture;

[F57(viii)the carriage of passengers on regular urban transport services;]

(d)where there is a foreseeable surge of activity, as may be the case in relation to—

(i)agriculture;

(ii)tourism; and

(iii)postal services;

(e)where the worker’s activities are affected by—

(i)an occurrence due to unusual and unforeseeable circumstances, beyond the control of the worker’s employer;

(ii)exceptional events, the consequences of which could not have been avoided despite the exercise of all due care by the employer; or

(iii)an accident or the imminent risk of an accident;

[F58(f)where the worker works in railway transport and—

(i)his activities are intermittent;

(ii)he spends his working time on board trains; or

(iii)his activities are linked to transport timetables and to ensuring the continuity and regularity of traffic.]

Textual Amendments

Shift workersE+W+S

22.—(1) Subject to regulation 24—

(a)regulation 10(1) does not apply in relation to a shift worker when he changes shift and cannot take a daily rest period between the end of one shift and the start of the next one;

(b)paragraphs (1) and (2) of regulation 11 do not apply in relation to a shift worker when he changes shift and cannot take a weekly rest period between the end of one shift and the start of the next one; and

(c)neither regulation 10(1) nor paragraphs (1) and (2) of regulation 11 apply to workers engaged in activities involving periods of work split up over the day, as may be the case for cleaning staff.

(2) For the purposes of this regulation—

Collective and workforce agreementsE+W+S

23.  A collective agreement or a workforce agreement may—

(a)modify or exclude the application of regulations 6(1) to (3) and (7), 10(1), 11(1) and (2) and 12(1), and

(b)for objective or technical reasons or reasons concerning the organization of work, modify the application of regulation 4(3) and (4) by the substitution, for each reference to 17 weeks, of a different period, being a period not exceeding 52 weeks,

in relation to particular workers or groups of workers.

Compensatory restE+W+S

24.  Where the application of any provision of these Regulations is excluded by regulation 21 or 22, or is modified or excluded by means of a collective agreement or a workforce agreement under regulation 23(a), and a worker is accordingly required by his employer to work during a period which would otherwise be a rest period or rest break—

(a)his employer shall wherever possible allow him to take an equivalent period of compensatory rest, and

(b)in exceptional cases in which it is not possible, for objective reasons, to grant such a period of rest, his employer shall afford him such protection as may be appropriate in order to safeguard the worker’s health and safety.

[F59Mobile workersE+W+S

24A.—(1) Regulations 6(1), (2) and (7), 10(1), 11(1) and (2) and 12(1) do not apply to a mobile worker in relation to whom the application of those regulations is not excluded by any provision of regulation 18.

(2) A mobile worker, to whom paragraph (1) applies, is entitled to adequate rest, except where the worker’s activities are affected by any of the matters referred to in regulation 21(e).

(3) For the purposes of this regulation, “adequate rest” means that a worker has regular rest periods, the duration of which are expressed in units of time and which are sufficiently long and continuous to ensure that, as a result of fatigue or other irregular working patterns, he does not cause injury to himself, to fellow workers or to others and that he does not damage his health, either in the short term or in the longer term.]

Textual Amendments

Workers in the armed forcesE+W+S

25.—(1) Regulation 9 does not apply in relation to a worker serving as a member of the armed forces.

(2) Regulations [F605A, 6A,] 10(2) and 11(3) do not apply in relation to a young worker serving as a member of the armed forces.

(3) In a case where a young worker is accordingly required to work during [F61the restricted period, or is not permitted the minimum rest period provided for in regulation 10(2) or 11(3),] he shall be allowed an appropriate period of compensatory rest.

Textual Amendments

[F62Doctors in trainingE+W+S

25A.—[F63(1) Paragraph (1) of regulation 4 is modified in its application to workers to whom this paragraph applies by substituting for the reference to 48 hours a reference to 52 hours—

(a)in the case of doctors in training who are employed in an employment falling within Table 1 of Schedule 2A, with effect from 1st August 2009 until 31st July 2011; and

(b)in the case of doctors in training who are employed in an employment falling within Table 2 of Schedule 2A, with effect from 2nd November 2009 until 31st July 2011.]

[F64(1A) Paragraph (1) applies to workers who are doctors in training who are employed—

(a)by an employer who is listed in column 1 of [F65Table 1 or Table 2] contained in Schedule 2A,

(b)at a place listed in column 2 of [F66the applicable table] in respect of that employer,

(c)to provide at that place one of the specialist services listed in column 3 of [F67the applicable table] in respect of that place, and

(d)in one of the grades listed in column 4 of [F68the applicable table] in respect of that specialist service and, where applicable, working as part of a rota referred to in that column in respect of that grade, or those grades.]

(2) In the case of workers who are doctors in training, paragraphs (3)–(5) of regulation 4 shall not apply and paragraphs (3) and (4) of this regulation shall apply in their place.

(3) Subject to paragraph (4), the reference period which applies in the case of a worker who is a doctor in training is, with effect from 1st August 2004—

(a)where a relevant agreement provides for the application of this regulation in relation to successive periods of 26 weeks, each such period; and

(b)in any other case, any period of 26 weeks in the course of his employment.

(4) Where a doctor in training has worked for his employer for less than 26 weeks, the reference period applicable in his case is the period that has elapsed since he started work for his employer.]

Textual Amendments

F64Reg. 25A(1)(1A) substituted for reg. 25A(1) (1.8.2009) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2009 (S.I. 2009/1567), regs. 1, 2(a)

[F69Workers employed in offshore workE+W+S

25B.—(1) In the case of workers employed in offshore work, paragraphs (3)–(5) of regulation 4 shall not apply and paragraphs (2) and (3) of this regulation shall apply in their place.

(2) Subject to paragraph (3), the reference period which applies in the case of workers employed in offshore work is—

(a)where a relevant agreement provides for the application of this regulation in relation to successive periods of 52 weeks, each such period; and

(b)in any other case, any period of 52 weeks in the course of his employment.

(3) Where a worker employed in offshore work has worked for his employer for less than 52 weeks, the reference period applicable in his case is the period that has elapsed since he started work for his employer.]

Textual Amendments

Young workers employed on shipsE+W+S

F7026.  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

[F71Entitlement to additional annual leave under a relevant agreementE+W+S

26A.—(1) Regulation 13A does not apply in relation to a worker whose employer, as at 1st October 2007 and by virtue of a relevant agreement, provides each worker employed by him with an annual leave entitlement of 1.6 weeks or 8 days (whichever is the lesser) in addition to each worker’s entitlement under regulation 13, provided that such additional annual leave—

(a)may not be replaced by a payment in lieu except in relation to a worker whose employment is terminated;

(b)may not be carried forward into a leave year other than that which immediately follows the leave year in respect of which the leave is due; and

(c)is leave for which the worker is entitled to be paid at not less than the rate of a week’s pay in respect of each week of leave, calculated in accordance with sections 221 to 224 of the 1996 Act, modified such that—

(i)references to the employee are references to the worker;

(ii)references to the employee’s contract of employment are references to the worker’s contract;

(iii)the calculation date is the first day of the period of leave in question; and

(iv)the references to sections 227 and 228 do not apply.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), any additional annual leave in excess of 1.6 weeks or 8 days (whichever is the lesser) to which a worker is entitled, shall not be subject to the conditions of that paragraph.

(3) This regulation shall cease to apply to a worker from the day when an employer ceases to provide additional annual leave in accordance with the conditions in paragraph (1).

(4) This regulation does not apply to workers to whom the Agricultural Wages (Scotland) Act 1949 applies (as that Act had effect on 1 July 1999).]

Textual Amendments

Young workers:force majeureE+W+S

27.—(1) Regulations [F725A, 6A,] 10(2) and 12(4) do not apply in relation to a young worker where his employer requires him to undertake work which no adult worker is available to perform and which—

(a)is occasioned by either—

(i)an occurrence due to unusual and unforseeable circumstances, beyond the employer’s control, or

(ii)exceptional events, the consequences of which could not have been avoided despite the exercise of all due care by the employer;

(b)is of a temporary nature; and

(c)must be performed immediately.

(2) Where the application of regulation [F735A, 6A,] 10(2) or 12(4) is excluded by paragraph (1), and a young worker is accordingly required to work during a period which would otherwise be a rest period or rest break, his employer shall allow him to take an equivalent period of compensatory rest within the following three weeks.

Textual Amendments

[F74Other exceptions relating to young workersE+W+S

27A.—(1) Regulation 5A does not apply in relation to a young worker where—

(a)the young worker’s employer requires him to undertake work which is necessary either to maintain continuity of service or production or to respond to a surge in demand for a service or product;

(b)no adult worker is available to perform the work, and

(c)performing the work would not adversely affect the young worker’s education or training.

(2) Regulation 6A does not apply in relation to a young worker employed—

(a)in a hospital or similar establishment, or

(b)in connection with cultural, artistic, sporting or advertising activities,

in the circumstances referred to in paragraph (1).

(3) Regulation 6A does not apply, except in so far as it prohibits work between midnight and 4 a.m., in relation to a young worker employed in—

(a)agriculture;

(b)retail trading;

(c)postal or newspaper deliveries;

(d)a catering business;

(e)a hotel, public house, restaurant, bar or similar establishment, or

(f)a bakery,

in the circumstances referred to in paragraph (1).

(4) Where the application of regulation 6A is excluded by paragraph (2) or (3), and a young worker is accordingly required to work during a period which would otherwise be a rest period or rest break—

(a)he shall be supervised by an adult worker where such supervision is necessary for the young worker’s protection, and

(b)he shall be allowed an equivalent period of compensatory rest.]

Textual Amendments

PART IVE+W+S MISCELLANEOUS

[F75 EnforcementE+W+S

28.—(1) In this regulation, regulations 29–29E and Schedule 3—

“the 1974 Act” means the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974;

“the Civil Aviation Authority” means the authority referred to in section 2(1) of the Civil Aviation Act 1982;

“code of practice” includes a standard, a specification and any other documentary form of practical guidance;

F76...

“enforcement authority” means the Executive, a local authority, the Civil Aviation Authority [F77, VOSA or the Office of Rail Regulation];

“the Executive” means the Health and Safety Executive referred to in [F78section 10(1)] of the 1974 Act;

“local authority” means—

(a)

in relation to England, a county council so far as they are the council for an area for which there are no district councils, a district council, a London borough council, the Common Council of the City of London, the Sub-Treasurer of the Inner Temple or the Under-Treasurer of the Middle Temple;

(b)

in relation to Wales, a county council or a county borough council;

(c)

in relation to Scotland, a council constituted under section 2 of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994;

“premises” includes any place and, in particular, includes—

(a)

any vehicle, vessel, aircraft or hovercraft;

(b)

any installation on land (including the foreshore and other land intermittently covered by water), any offshore installation, and any other installation (whether floating, or resting on the seabed or the subsoil thereof, or resting on other land covered with water or the subsoil thereof) and

(c)

any tent or movable structure;

“relevant civil aviation worker” means a mobile worker who works mainly on board civil aircraft, excluding any worker to whom regulation 18(2)(b) applies;

“the relevant requirements” means the following provisions—

(a)

regulations 4(2), 5A(4), 6(2) and (7), 6A, 7(1), (2) and (6), 8, 9 and 27A(4)(a);

(b)

regulation 24, in so far as it applies where regulation 6(1), (2) or (7) is modified or excluded, and

(c)

regulation 24A(2), in so far as it applies where regulations 6(1), (2) or (7) is excluded;

“relevant road transport worker” means a mobile worker to whom one or more of the following applies—

(a)

Council Regulation (EEC) 3820/85,

(b)

the European Agreement concerning the Work of Crews of Vehicles engaged in International Road Transport (AETR) of 1st July 1970, and

(c)

the United Kingdom domestic driver’s hours code, which is set out in Part VI of the Transport Act 1968;

“the relevant statutory provisions” means—

(a)

the provisions of the 1974 Act and of any regulations made under powers contained in that Act; and

(b)

while and to the extent that they remain in force, the provisions of the Acts mentioned in Schedule 1 to the 1974 Act and which are specified in the third column of that Schedule and the regulations, orders or other instruments of a legislative character made or having effect under a provision so specified; and

“VOSA” means the Vehicle and Operator Services Agency.

(2) It shall be the duty of the Executive to make adequate arrangements for the enforcement of the relevant requirements except to the extent that—

(a)a local authority is made responsible for their enforcement by paragraph (3);

(b)the Civil Aviation Authority is made responsible for their enforcement by paragraph (5);F79...

(c)VOSA is made responsible for their enforcement by paragraph (6);

[F80(d)the Office of Rail Regulation is made responsible for their enforcement by paragraph (3A).]

(3) Where the relevant requirements apply in relation to workers employed in premises in respect of which a local authority is responsible, under the Health and Safety (Enforcing Authority) Regulations 1998, for enforcing any of the relevant statutory provisions, it shall be the duty of that authority to enforce those requirements.

[F81(3A) Where the relevant requirements apply in relation to workers employed in the carrying out of any of the activities specified in regulation 3(2) of the Health and Safety (Enforcing Authority for Railways and Other Guided Transport Systems) Regulations 2006 it shall be the duty of the Office of Rail Regulation to enforce those requirements.]

(4) The duty imposed on local authorities by paragraph (3) shall be performed in accordance with such guidance as may be given to them by [F82the Executive].

(5) It shall be the duty of the Civil Aviation Authority to enforce the relevant requirements in relation to relevant civil aviation workers.

(6) It shall be the duty of VOSA to enforce the relevant requirements in relation to relevant road transport workers.

(7) The provisions of Schedule 3 shall apply in relation to the enforcement of the relevant requirements.

F83(8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .]

Textual Amendments

F75Regs. 28-29E substituted for regs. 28, 29 (1.8.2003) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2003 (S.I. 2003/1684), regs. 1, 10

[F75 OffencesE+W+S

29.—(1) An employer who fails to comply with any of the relevant requirements shall be guilty of an offence.

(2) The provisions of paragraph (3) shall apply where an inspector is exercising or has exercised any power conferred by Schedule 3.

(3) It is an offence for a person—

(a)to contravene any requirement imposed by the inspector under paragraph 2 of Schedule 3;

(b)to prevent or attempt to prevent any other person from appearing before the inspector or from answering any question to which the inspector may by virtue of paragraph 2(2)(e) of Schedule 3 require an answer;

(c)to contravene any requirement or prohibition imposed by an improvement notice or a prohibition notice (including any such notice as is modified on appeal);

(d)intentionally to obstruct the inspector in the exercise or performance of his powers or duties;

(e)to use or disclose any information in contravention of paragraph 8 of Schedule 3;

(f)to make a statement which he knows to be false or recklessly to make a statement which is false, where the statement is made in purported compliance with a requirement to furnish any information imposed by or under these Regulations.

(4) An employer guilty of an offence under paragraph (1) shall be liable—

(a)on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;

(b)on conviction on indictment, to a fine.

(5) A person guilty of an offence under paragraph (3) shall be liable to the penalty prescribed in relation to that provision by paragraphs (6), (7) or (8) as the case may be.

(6) A person guilty of an offence under sub-paragraph (3)(a), (b) or (d) shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale.

(7) A person guilty of an offence under sub-paragraph (3)(c) shall be liable—

(a)on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months, or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;

(b)on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or a fine, or both.

(8) A person guilty of an offence under any of the sub-paragraphs of paragraph (3) not falling within paragraphs (6) or (7) above, shall be liable—

(a)on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;

(b)on conviction on indictment—

(i)if the offence is under sub-paragraph (3)(e), to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or a fine or both;

(ii)if the offence is not one to which the preceding sub-paragraph applies, to a fine.

(9) The provisions set out in regulations 29A–29E below shall apply in relation to the offences provided for in paragraphs (1) and (3).]

Textual Amendments

F75Regs. 28-29E substituted for regs. 28, 29 (1.8.2003) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2003 (S.I. 2003/1684), regs. 1, 10

[F75Offences due to fault of other personE+W+S

29A.  Where the commission by any person of an offence is due to the act or default of some other person, that other person shall be guilty of the offence, and a person may be charged with and convicted of the offence by virtue of this paragraph whether or not proceedings are taken against the first-mentioned person.]

Textual Amendments

F75Regs. 28-29E substituted for regs. 28, 29 (1.8.2003) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2003 (S.I. 2003/1684), regs. 1, 10

[F75Offences by bodies corporateE+W+S

29B.—(1) Where an offence committed by a body corporate is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivance of, or to have been attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate or a person who was purporting to act in any such capacity, he as well as the body corporate shall be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.

(2) Where the affairs of a body corporate are managed by its members, the preceding paragraph shall apply in relation to the acts and defaults of a member in connection with his functions of management as if he were a director of the body corporate.]

Textual Amendments

F75Regs. 28-29E substituted for regs. 28, 29 (1.8.2003) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2003 (S.I. 2003/1684), regs. 1, 10

[F75Restriction on institution of proceedings in England and WalesE+W+S

29C.  Proceedings for an offence shall not, in England and Wales, be instituted except by an inspector or by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions.]

Textual Amendments

F75Regs. 28-29E substituted for regs. 28, 29 (1.8.2003) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2003 (S.I. 2003/1684), regs. 1, 10

[F75Prosecutions by inspectorsE+W+S

29D.—(1) An inspector, if authorised in that behalf by an enforcement authority, may, although not of counsel or a solicitor, prosecute before a magistrate’s court proceedings for an offence under these Regulations.

(2) This regulation shall not apply to Scotland.]

Textual Amendments

F75Regs. 28-29E substituted for regs. 28, 29 (1.8.2003) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2003 (S.I. 2003/1684), regs. 1, 10

[F75Power of court to order cause of offence to be remediedE+W+S

29E.—(1) Where a person is convicted of an offence in respect of any matters which appear to the court to be matters which it is in his power to remedy, the court may, in addition to or instead of imposing any punishment, order him, within such time as may be fixed by the order, to take such steps as may be specified in the order for remedying the said matters.

(2) The time fixed by an order under paragraph (1) may be extended or further extended by order of the court on an application made before the end of that time as originally fixed or as extended under this paragraph, as the case may be.

(3) Where a person is ordered under paragraph (1) to remedy any matters, that person shall not be liable under these Regulations in respect of those matters in so far as they continue during the time fixed by the order or any further time allowed under paragraph (2).]

Textual Amendments

F75Regs. 28-29E substituted for regs. 28, 29 (1.8.2003) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2003 (S.I. 2003/1684), regs. 1, 10

RemediesE+W+S

30.—(1) A worker may present a complaint to an employment tribunal that his employer—

(a)has refused to permit him to exercise any right he has under—

[F84(i)regulation 10(1) or (2), 11(1), (2) or (3), 12(1) or (4), 13 or 13A;]

(ii)regulation 24, in so far as it applies where regulation 10(1), 11(1) or (2) or 12(1) is modified or excluded; F85...

[F86(iii)regulation 24A, in so far as it applies where regulation 10(1), 11(1) or (2) or 12(1) is excluded; or

(iv)regulation 25(3), 27A(4)(b) or 27(2); or]

(b)has failed to pay him the whole or any part of any amount due to him under regulation 14(2) or 16(1).

(2) [F87Subject to article 30A, an employment tribunal] shall not consider a complaint under this regulation unless it is presented—

(a)before the end of the period of three months (or, in a case to which regulation 38(2) applies, six months) beginning with the date on which it is alleged that the exercise of the right should have been permitted (or in the case of a rest period or leave extending over more than one day, the date on which it should have been permitted to begin) or, as the case may be, the payment should have been made;

(b)within such further period as the tribunal considers reasonable in a case where it is satisfied that it was not reasonably practicable for the complaint to be presented before the end of that period of three or, as the case may be, six months.

[F88(2A) Where the period within which a complaint must be presented in accordance with paragraph (2) is extended by regulation 15 of the Employment Act 2002 (Dispute Resolution) Regulations 2004, the period within which the complaint must be presented shall be the extended period rather than the period in paragraph (2).]

(3) Where an employment tribunal finds a complaint under paragraph (1)(a) well-founded, the tribunal—

(a)shall make a declaration to that effect, and

(b)may make an award of compensation to be paid by the employer to the worker.

(4) The amount of the compensation shall be such as the tribunal considers just and equitable in all the circumstances having regard to—

(a)the employer’s default in refusing to permit the worker to exercise his right, and

(b)any loss sustained by the worker which is attributable to the matters complained of.

(5) Where on a complaint under paragraph (1)(b) an employment tribunal finds that an employer has failed to pay a worker in accordance with regulation 14(2) or 16(1), it shall order the employer to pay to the worker the amount which it finds to be due to him.

Textual Amendments

F85Word in reg. 30(1)(a)(ii) omitted (1.8.2003) by virtue of The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2003 (S.I. 2003/1684), regs. 1, 11

F86Reg. 30(1)(a)(iii)(iv) substituted for reg. 30(1)(a)(iii) (1.8.2003) by The Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2003 (S.I. 2003/1684), regs. 1, 11

F87Words in reg. 30(2) substituted (with application in accordance with regs. 3, 4 of the amending S.I.) by The Cross-Border Mediation (EU Directive) Regulations 2011 (S.I. 2011/1133), regs. 2, 68

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1Reg. 30 restricted (1.10.2004) by Employment Act 2002 (c. 22), ss. 32, 55(2), Sch. 4; S.I. 2004/1717, art. 2(2)

[F89Extension of time limits because of mediation in certain cross-border disputesE+W+S

30A.—(1) In this regulation—

(a)“Mediation Directive” means Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters;

(b)“mediation” has the meaning given by article 3(a) of the Mediation Directive;

(c)“mediator” has the meaning given by article 3(b) of the Mediation Directive; and

(d)“relevant dispute” means a dispute to which article 8(1) of the Mediation Directive applies (certain cross-border disputes).

(2) Paragraph (3) applies where—

(a)a three month time limit is set by regulation 30(2) in relation to the whole or part of a relevant dispute;

(b)a mediation in relation to the relevant dispute starts before the period expires; and

(c)if not extended by this regulation, the time limit would expire before the mediation ends or less than four weeks after it ends.

(3) The time limit expires instead at the end of four weeks after the mediation ends (subject to paragraph (4)).

(4) If a time limit mentioned in paragraph (2)(a) has been extended by this article, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply to the extended time limit as they apply to a time limit mentioned in paragraph (2)(a).

(5) Where more than one time limit applies in relation to a relevant dispute, the extension by paragraph (3) of one of those time limits does not affect the others.

(6) For the purposes of this regulation, a mediation starts on the date of the agreement to mediate that is entered into by the parties and the mediator.

(7) For the purposes of this regulation, a mediation ends on the date of the first of these to occur—

(a)the parties reach an agreement in resolution of the relevant dispute;

(b)a party completes the notification of the other parties that it has withdrawn from the mediation;

(c)a party to whom a qualifying request is made fails to give a response reaching the other parties within 14 days of the request;

(d)the parties, after being notified that the mediator’s appointment has ended (by death, resignation or otherwise), fail to agree within 14 days to seek to appoint a replacement mediator; or

(e)the mediation otherwise comes to an end pursuant to the terms of the agreement to mediate.

(8) For the purpose of paragraph (7), a qualifying request is a request by a party that another (A) confirm to all parties that A is continuing with the mediation.

(9) In the case of any relevant dispute, references in this regulation to a mediation are references to the mediation so far as it relates to that dispute, and references to a party are to be read accordingly.

(10) Where the tribunal has the power under regulation 30(2)(b) to extend a period of limitation, the power is exercisable in relation to the period of limitation as extended by this regulation.]

Textual Amendments

F89Reg. 30A inserted (with application in accordance with regs. 3, 4 of the amending S.I.) by The Cross-Border Mediation (EU Directive) Regulations 2011 (S.I. 2011/1133), regs. 2, 69

Right not to suffer detrimentE+W+S

31.—(1) After section 45 of the 1996 Act there shall be inserted—

“45A.     Working time cases.

(1) A worker has the right not to be subjected to any detriment by any act, or any deliberate failure to act, by his employer done on the ground that the worker—

(a)refused (or proposed to refuse) to comply with a requirement which the employer imposed (or proposed to impose) in contravention of the M9Working Time Regulations 1998,

(b)refused (or proposed to refuse) to forgo a right conferred on him by those Regulations,

(c)failed to sign a workforce agreement for the purposes of those Regulations, or to enter into, or agree to vary or extend, any other agreement with his employer which is provided for in those Regulations,

(d)being—

(i)a representative of members of the workforce for the purposes of Schedule 1 to those Regulations, or

(ii)a candidate in an election in which any person elected will, on being elected, be such a representative,

performed (or proposed to perform) any functions or activities as such a representative or candidate,

(e)brought proceedings against the employer to enforce a right conferred on him by those Regulations, or

(f)alleged that the employer had infringed such a right.

(2) It is immaterial for the purposes of subsection (1)(e) or (f)—

(a)whether or not the worker has the right, or

(b)whether or not the right has been infringed,

but, for those provisions to apply, the claim to the right and that it has been infringed must be made in good faith.

(3) It is sufficient for subsection (1)(f) to apply that the worker, without specifying the right, made it reasonably clear to the employer what the right claimed to have been infringed was.

(4) This section does not apply where a worker is an employee and the detriment in question amounts to dismissal within the meaning of Part X, unless the dismissal is in circumstances in which, by virtue of section 197, Part X does not apply.”

(2) After section 48(1) of the 1996 Act there shall be inserted the following subsection—

“(1ZA) A worker may present a complaint to an employment tribunal that he has been subjected to a detriment in contravention of section 45A.”

(3) In section 49 of the 1996 Act M10 (remedies)—

(a)in subsection (2), for “subsection (6)" there shall be substituted “ subsections (5A) and (6) ”, and

(b)after subsection (5), there shall be inserted—

“(5A) Where—

(a)the complaint is made under section 48 (1ZA),

(b)the detriment to which the worker is subjected is the termination of his worker’s contract, and

(c)that contract is not a contract of employment,

any compensation must not exceed the compensation that would be payable under Chapter II of Part X if the worker had been an employee and had been dismissed for the reason specified in section 101A.”

(4) In section 192(2) of the 1996 Act (provisions applicable in relation to service in the armed forces), after paragraph (a) there shall be inserted—

“(aa)in Part V, section 45A, and sections 48 and 49 so far as relating to that section,”.

(5) In sections 194(2)(c), 195(2)(c) and 202(2)(b) of the 1996 Act, for “sections 44 and 47"there shall be substituted “ sections 44, 45A and 47 ”.

(6) In section 200(1) of the 1996 Act (which lists provisions of the Act which do not apply to employment in police service), after “45," there shall be inserted “ 45A, ”.

(7) In section 205 of the 1996 Act (remedy for infringement of certain rights), after subsection (1) there shall be inserted the following subsection—

“(1ZA) In relation to the right conferred by section 45A, the reference in subsection (1) to an employee has effect as a reference to a worker.”

Marginal Citations

M10Section 49 of the 1996 Act was amended by the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 (c.23), section 4.

Unfair dismissalE+W+S

32.—(1) After section 101 of the 1996 Act there shall be inserted the following section—

“101A.     Working time cases.

An employee who is dismissed shall be regarded for the purposes of this Part as unfairly dismissed if the reason (or, if more than one, the principal reason) for the dismissal is that the employee—

(a)refused (or proposed to refuse) to comply with a requirement which the employer imposed (or proposed to impose) in contravention of the M11Working Time Regulations 1998,

(b)refused (or proposed to refuse) to forgo a right conferred on him by those Regulations,

(c)failed to sign a workforce agreement for the purposes of those Regulations, or to enter into, or agree to vary or extend, any other agreement with his employer which is provided for in those Regulations, or

(d)being—

(i)a representative of members of the workforce for the purposes of Schedule 1 to those Regulations, or

(ii)a candidate in an election in which any person elected will, on being elected, be such a representative,

performed (or proposed to perform) any functions or activities as such a representative or candidate.”

(2) In section 104 of the 1996 Act (right of employees not to be unfairly dismissed for asserting particular rights) in subsection (4)—

(a)at the end of paragraph (b), the word “and" shall be omitted, and

(b)after paragraph (c), there shall be inserted the words—

“and

(d)the rights conferred by the M12Working Time Regulations 1998.”

(3) In section 105 of the 1996 Act (redundancy as unfair dismissal), after subsection (4) there shall be inserted the following subsection—

“(4A) This subsection applies if the reason (or, if more than one, the principal reason) for which the employee was selected for dismissal was one of those specified in section 101A.”

(4) In sections 108(3) and 109(2) of the 1996 Act, after paragraph (d) there shall be inserted—

“(dd)section 101A applies,”.

(5) In sections 117(4)(b), 118(3), 120(1), 122(3), 128(1)(b) and 129(1) of the 1996 Act, after “100(1)(a) and (b)," there shall be inserted “ 101A(d), ”.

(6) In section 202(2) (cases where disclosure of information is restricted on ground of national security)—

(a)in paragraph (g)(i), after “100" there shall be inserted “ , 101A(d) ”, and

(b)in paragraph (g)(ii), after “of that section," there shall be inserted “ or by reason of the application of subsection (4A) in so far as it applies where the reason (or, if more than one, the principal reason) for which an employee was selected for dismissal was that specified in section 101A(d) ”.

(7) In section 209(2) of the 1996 Act (which lists provisions excluded from the scope of the power to amend the Act by order), after “101," in paragraph (e) there shall be inserted “ 101A, ”.

(8) In sections 237(1A) and 238(2A) of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 M13 (cases where employee can complain of unfair dismissal notwithstanding industrial action at time of dismissal), after “100" there shall be inserted “ , 101A(d) ”.

(9) In section 10(5)(a) of the Employment Tribunals Act 1996 M14 (cases where Minister’s certificate is not conclusive evidence that action was taken to safeguard national security), after “100" there shall be inserted “ , 101A(d) ”.

Marginal Citations

M131992 c.52: subsection (1A) of section 237 and subsection (2A) of section 238 were inserted by the Trade Union Reform and Employment Rights Act 1993 (c.19), Schedule 8, paragraphs 76 and 77.

M141996 c.17; section 1(2) of the Employment Rights (Dispute Resolution) Act 1998 (c.8) provides for the Industrial Tribunals Act 1996 to be cited as the Employment Tribunals Act 1996.

ConciliationE+W+S

33.  In section 18(1) of the Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (cases where conciliation provisions apply)—

(a)at the end of paragraph (e), the word “or" shall be omitted, and

(b)after paragraph (f), there shall be inserted the words—

“or

(ff)under regulation 30 of the M15Working Time Regulations 1998,”.

Marginal Citations

AppealsE+W+S

34.  In section 21 of the Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (jurisdiction of the Employment Appeal Tribunal)—

(a)at the end of subsection (1) (which confers jurisdiction by reference to Acts under or by virtue of which decisions are made) there shall be inserted—

“or under the M16Working Time Regulations 1998.”;

(b)in subsection (2), after “the Acts listed" there shall be inserted—

“or the Regulations referred to”.

Marginal Citations

Restrictions on contracting outE+W+S

35.—(1) Any provision in an agreement (whether a contract of employment or not) is void in so far as it purports—

(a)to exclude or limit the operation of any provision of these Regulations, save in so far as these Regulations provide for an agreement to have that effect, or

(b)to preclude a person from bringing proceedings under these Regulations before an employment tribunal.

(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to—

(a)any agreement to refrain from instituting or continuing proceedings where a conciliation officer has taken action under section 18 of the Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (conciliation); or

(b)any agreement to refrain from instituting or continuing proceedings within section 18(1)(ff) of the Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (proceedings under these Regulations where conciliation is available), if the conditions regulating [F90settlement] agreements under these Regulations are satisfied in relation to the agreement.

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2)(b) the conditions regulating [F91settlement] agreements under these Regulations are that—

(a)the agreement must be in writing,

(b)the agreement must relate to the particular complaint,

(c)the worker must have received advice from a relevant independent adviser as to the terms and effect of the proposed agreement and, in particular, its effect on his ability to pursue his rights before an employment tribunal,

(d)there must be in force, when the adviser gives the advice, a contract of insurance, or an indemnity provided for members of a profession or professional body, covering the risk of a claim by the worker in respect of loss arising in consequence of the advice,

(e)the agreement must identify the adviser, and

(f)the agreement must state that the conditions regulating [F91settlement] agreements under these Regulations are satisfied.

(4) A person is a relevant independent adviser for the purposes of paragraph (3)(c)—

(a)if he is a qualified lawyer,

(b)if he is an officer, official, employee or member of an independent trade union who has been certified in writing by the trade union as competent to give advice and as authorised to do so on behalf of the trade union, or

(c)if he works at an advice centre (whether as an employee or as a volunteer) and has been certified in writing by the centre as competent to give advice and as authorised to do so on behalf of the centre.

(5) But a person is not a relevant independent adviser for the purposes of paragraph (3)(c) in relation to the worker—

(a)if he is, is employed by or is acting in the matter for the employer or an associated employer,

(b)in the case of a person within paragraph (4)(b) or (c), if the trade union or advice centre is the employer or an associated employer, or

(c)in the case of a person within paragraph (4)(c), if the worker makes a payment for the advice received from him.

(6) In paragraph (4)(a), “qualified lawyer" means—

(a)as respects England and Wales, [F92a person who, for the purposes of the Legal Services Act 2007), is an authorised person in relation to an activity which constitutes the exercise of a right of audience or the conduct of litigation (within the meaning of that Act)]; and

(b)as respects Scotland, an advocate (whether in practice as such or employed to give legal advice), or a solicitor who holds a practising certificate.

[F93(6A) A person shall be treated as being a qualified lawyer within paragraph (6)(a) if he is a Fellow of the Institute of Legal Executives [F94practising in a solicitor’s practice (including a body recognised under section 9 of the Administration of Justice Act 1985)].]

(7) For the purposes of paragraph (5) any two employers shall be treated as associated if—

(a)one is a company of which the other (directly or indirectly) has control; or

(b)both are companies of which a third person (directly or indirectly) has control;

and “associated employer" shall be construed accordingly.

Textual Amendments

[F9535A.—(1) The Secretary of State shall, after consulting persons appearing to him to represent the two sides of industry, arrange for the publication, in such form and manner as he considers appropriate, of information and advice concerning the operation of these Regulations.E+W+S

(2)The information and advice shall be such as appear to him best calculated to enable employers and workers affected by these Regulations to understand their respective rights and obligations under them.]

Textual Amendments

PART VE+W+S SPECIAL CLASSES OF PERSON

Agency workers not otherwise “workers"E+W+S

36.—(1) This regulation applies in any case where an individual (“the agency worker")—

(a)is supplied by a person (“the agent") to do work for another (“the principal") under a contract or other arrangements made between the agent and the principal; but

(b)is not, as respects that work, a worker, because of the absence of a worker’s contract between the individual and the agent or the principal; and

(c)is not a party to a contract under which he undertakes to do the work for another party to the contract whose status is, by virtue of the contract, that of a client or customer of any profession or business undertaking carried on by the individual.

(2) In a case where this regulation applies, the other provisions of these Regulations shall have effect as if there were a worker’s contract for the doing of the work by the agency worker made between the agency worker and—

(a)whichever of the agent and the principal is responsible for paying the agency worker in respect of the work; or

(b)if neither the agent nor the principal is so responsible, whichever of them pays the agency worker in respect of the work,

and as if that person were the agency worker’s employer.

Crown employmentE+W+S

37.—(1) Subject to paragraph (4) and regulation 38, these Regulations have effect in relation to Crown employment and persons in Crown employment as they have effect in relation to other employment and other workers.

(2) In paragraph (1) “Crown employment" means employment under or for the purposes of a government department or any officer or body exercising on behalf of the Crown functions conferred by a statutory provision.

(3) For the purposes of the application of the provisions of these Regulations in relation to Crown employment in accordance with paragraph (1)—

(a)references to a worker shall be construed as references to a person in Crown employment; and

(b)references to a worker’s contract shall be construed as references to the terms of employment of a person in Crown employment.

(4) No act or omission by the Crown which is an offence under regulation 29 shall make the Crown criminally liable, but the High Court or, in Scotland, the Court of Session may, on the application of a person appearing to the Court to have an interest, declare any such act or omission unlawful.

Armed forcesE+W+S

38.—(1) Regulation 37 applies—

(a)subject to paragraph (2), to service as a member of the armed forces, and

(b)to employment by an association established for the purposes of Part XI of the Reserve Forces Act 1996 M17.

(2) No complaint concerning the service of any person as a member of the armed forces may be presented to an employment tribunal under regulation 30 unless—

(a)that person has made a complaint in respect of the same matter to an officer under the service redress procedures, and

(b)that complaint has not been withdrawn.

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2)(b), a person shall be treated as having withdrawn his complaint if, having made a complaint to an officer under the service redress procedures, he fails to submit the complaint to the Defence Council under those procedures.

(4) Where a complaint of the kind referred to in paragraph (2) is presented to an employment tribunal, the service redress procedures may continue after the complaint is presented.

(5) In this regulation, “the service redress procedures" means the procedures, excluding those which relate to the making of a report on a complaint to Her Majesty, referred to in section 180 of the Army Act 1955 M18, section 180 of the Air Force Act 1955 M19 and section 130 of the Naval Discipline Act 1957 M20M21.

Marginal Citations

M21Each of the sections referred to in paragraph (5) was substituted by section 20 of the Armed Forces Act 1996 (c.46).

House of Lords staffE+W+S

39.—(1) These Regulations have effect in relation to employment as a relevant member of the House of Lords staff as they have effect in relation to other employment.

(2) Nothing in any rule of law or the law or practice of Parliament prevents a relevant member of the House of Lords staff from presenting a complaint to an employment tribunal under regulation 30.

(3) In this regulation “relevant member of the House of Lords staff" means any person who is employed under a worker’s contract with the Corporate Officer of the House of Lords.

House of Commons staffE+W+S

40.—(1) These Regulations have effect in relation to employment as a relevant member of the House of Commons staff as they have effect in relation to other employment.

(2) For the purposes of the application of the provisions of these Regulations in relation to a relevant member of the House of Commons staff—

(a)references to a worker shall be construed as references to a relevant member of the House of Commons staff; and

(b)references to a worker’s contract shall be construed as references to the terms of employment of a relevant member of the House of Commons staff.

(3) Nothing in any rule of law or the law or practice of Parliament prevents a relevant member of the House of Commons staff from presenting a complaint to an employment tribunal under regulation 30.

(4) In this regulation “relevant member of the House of Commons staff" means any person—

(a)who was appointed by the House of Commons Commission; or

(b)who is a member of the Speaker’s personal staff.

Police serviceE+W+S

41.—(1) [F96Subject to paragraph (1A),] for the purposes of these Regulations, the holding, otherwise than under a contract of employment, of the office of constable or an appointment as a police cadet shall be treated as employment, under a worker’s contract, by the relevant officer.

[F97(1A) For the purposes of these Regulations, any constable who has been seconded to the Serious Organised Crime Agency to serve as a member of its staff shall be treated as employed by the Serious Organised Crime Agency.]

(2) Any matter relating to the employment of a worker which may be provided for for the purposes of these Regulations in a workforce agreement may be provided for for the same purposes in relation to the service of a person holding the office of constable or an appointment as a police cadet by an agreement between the relevant officer and a joint branch board.

(3) In this regulation—

[F99(4) For the purposes of these Regulations the relevant officer, as defined by paragraph (3), shall be treated as a corporation sole.

(5) Where, in a case in which the relevant officer, as so defined, is guilty of an offence under these Regulations, it is proved—

(a)that the office-holder personally consented to the commission of the offence;

(b)that he personally connived in its commission; or

(c)that the commission of the offence was attributable to personal neglect on his part,

the office-holder (as well as the corporation sole) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.

(6) In paragraph (5) above “the office-holder”, in relation to the relevant officer, means an individual who, at the time of the consent, connivance or neglect—

(a)held the office or other position mentioned in paragraph (3) above as the office or position of that officer; or

(b)was for the time being responsible for exercising and performing the powers and duties of that office or position.

(7) In the application of this regulation to Scotland—

(a)paragraph (4) shall have effect as if for the words “corporation sole” there were substituted “distinct juristic person (that is to say, as a juristic person distinct from the individual who for the time being is the office-holder)”;

(b)paragraph (5) shall have effect as if for the words “corporation sole” there were substituted “juristic person”; and

(c)paragraph (6) shall have effect as if for the words “paragraph (5)” there were substituted “paragraphs (4) and (5).”]

Textual Amendments

Marginal Citations

M22S.I. 1969/1787, to which there are amendments not relevant to these Regulations.

M23S.I. 1985/1531, to which there are amendments not relevant to these Regulations.

Non-employed traineesE+W+S

42.  For the purposes of these Regulations, a person receiving relevant training, otherwise than under a contract of employment, shall be regarded as a worker, and the person whose undertaking is providing the training shall be regarded as his employer.

Agricultural workersE+W+S

43.  The provisions of Schedule 2 have effect in relation to workers employed in agriculture.

Ian McCartney

Minister of State,

Department of Trade and Industry