3. These Regulations (except regulation 17) shall not apply to the following techniques of genetic modification, provided that they do not involve the use of recombinant nucleic acid molecules or of genetically modified organisms other than those recombinant nucleic acid molecules or genetically modified organisms produced by one or more of the following techniques of genetic modification—
(a)mutagenesis;
(b)cell fusion (including protoplast fusion) of prokaryotic species which can exchange genetic material through homologous recombination;
(c)cell fusion (including protoplast fusion) of cells of any eukaryotic species, including production of hybridomas and plant cell fusions;
(d)self-cloning, where the resulting organism is unlikely to cause disease or harm to humans, animals or plants.