PART I GENERAL

2 Interpretation
1 In these Regulations—
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“the 1986 Act” means the Insolvency Act 1986 ;
“the 2000 Act” means the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 ;
“ the 2006 Act ” means the Companies Act 2006;
“the 1989 Order” means the Insolvency (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 ;
“administrator” has the meaning given by paragraph 13 of Schedule B1, or by paragraph 14 of Schedule B1 to the 1989 Order;
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“branch”, in relation to an EEA or UK insurer has the meaning given by Article 268(1)(b) of the Solvency 2 Directive;
“claim” means a claim submitted by a creditor of a UK insurer in the course of—
(a) a winding up,
(b) an administration, or
(c) a voluntary arrangement,
with a view to recovering his debt in whole or in part, and includes a proof within the meaning given in rule 1.2 of the Insolvency Rules, a proof of debt within the meaning given in Rule 4.079(4) of the Insolvency Rules (Northern Ireland) or in Scotland a claim made in accordance with rule 7.16 of the Insolvency (Scotland) (Receivership and Winding up) Rules 2018 (in relation to a winding up) or rule 3.105 of the Insolvency (Scotland) (Company Voluntary Arrangements and Administration) Rules 2018 (in relation to an administration);
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“creditors' voluntary winding up” has the meaning given by section 90 of the 1986 Act or Article 76 of the 1989 Order;
“debt”—
(a) in England and Wales and Northern Ireland—
(i) in relation to a winding up or administration of a UK insurer, has the meaning given by rule 14.1(3) of the Insolvency Rules or Article 5 of the 1989 Order, and
Words in reg. 2(1) substituted (23.4.2019) by The Financial Services and Markets (Insolvency) (Amendment of Miscellaneous Enactments) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/755), regs. 1, 4(2)(b)(i)
(ii) in a case where a voluntary arrangement has effect in relation to a UK insurer, means a debt which would constitute a debt in relation to the winding up (not immediately preceded by an administration) of that insurer, except that in paragraph (c) of the definition of “relevant date” in rule 14.1(3) of the Insolvency Rules and in paragraph (1A) of Article 5 of the 1989 Order the reference to the date on which the company went into liquidation has effect as a reference to the date on which the voluntary arrangement had effect;
Words in reg. 2(1) substituted (23.4.2019) by The Financial Services and Markets (Insolvency) (Amendment of Miscellaneous Enactments) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/755), regs. 1, 4(2)(b)(ii)
(b) in Scotland—
(i) in relation to a winding up of a UK insurer, shall be interpreted in accordance with rule 7.22 of the Insolvency (Scotland) (Receivership and Winding up) Rules 2018, and, in relation to an administration of a UK insurer, has the meaning given in rule 1.2 of the Insolvency (Scotland) (Company Voluntary Arrangements and Administration) Rules 2018,
Reg. 2(1) substituted (23.4.2019) by The Financial Services and Markets (Insolvency) (Amendment of Miscellaneous Enactments) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/755), regs. 1, 4(2)(b)(iii)
(ii) in a case where a voluntary arrangement has effect in relation to a UK insurer, means a debt which would constitute a debt in relation to the winding up (not immediately preceded by an administration) of that insurer, except that references in rule 7.22 of the Insolvency (Scotland) (Receivership and Winding up) Rules 2018 to the date on which the company went into liquidation have effect as a reference to the date on which the voluntary arrangement had effect;
Reg. 2(1) substituted (23.4.2019) by The Financial Services and Markets (Insolvency) (Amendment of Miscellaneous Enactments) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/755), regs. 1, 4(2)(b)(iv)
“directive reorganisation measure” means a reorganisation measure as defined in Article 268(1)(c) of the Solvency 2 Directive which was adopted or imposed on or after 20th April 2003;
“directive winding up proceedings” means winding up proceedings as defined in Article 268(1)(d) of the Solvency 2 Directive which were opened on or after 20th April 2003;
“EEA creditor” means a creditor of a UK insurer who—
(a) in the case of an individual, is ordinarily resident in an EEA State, and
(b) in the case of a body corporate or unincorporated association of persons, has its head office in an EEA State;
“EEA insurer” means an insurance undertaking, other than a UK insurer, pursuing the activity of direct insurance (within the meaning of the Solvency 2 Directive) which has received authorisation under Article 14 or Article 162 of the Solvency 2 Directive from its home state regulator;
“EEA regulator” means a supervisory authority (within the meaning of Article 13(10) of the Solvency 2 Directive) of an EEA State;
“EEA State” means a State, other than the United Kingdom, which is a contracting party to the agreement on the European Economic Area signed at Oporto on 2 May 1992;
“the FCA” means the Financial Conduct Authority;
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“home state regulator”, in relation to an EEA insurer, means the EEA regulator—
(a) in the EEA State in which its head office is located; or
(b) if it is a branch of a third-country insurance undertaking (within the meaning of Article 13(3) of the Solvency 2 Directive), the EEA State in which the branch was granted authorisation in accordance with Articles 145 to 149 of the Solvency 2 Directive;
“the Insolvency Rules” means the Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2016;
“the Insolvency Rules (Northern Ireland)” means the Insolvency Rules (Northern Ireland) 1991 ;
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“insurance claim” means any claim in relation to an insurance debt;
“insurance creditor” means a person who has an insurance claim against a UK insurer (whether or not he has claims other than insurance claims against that insurer);
“insurance debt” means a debt to which a UK insurer is, or may become liable, pursuant to a contract of insurance, to a policyholder or to any person who has a direct right of action against that insurer, and includes any premium paid in connection with a contract of insurance (whether or not that contract was concluded) which the insurer is liable to refund;
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“officer”, in relation to a company, has the meaning given by section 1173(1) of the Companies Act 2006;
“official language” means a language specified in Article 1 of Council Regulation No 1 of 15th April 1958 determining the languages to be used by the European Economic Community (Regulation 1/58/EEC) , most recently amended by paragraph (a) of Part XVIII of Annex I to the Act of Accession 1994 (194 N) ;
“policyholder” has the meaning given by the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Meaning of “Policy” and “Policyholder”) Order 2001 ;
“the PRA” means the Prudential Regulation Authority;
“PRA-authorised person” has the meaning given in section 2B of the 2000 Act;
“registered society” means a society, other than a society registered as a credit union, which is—
(a) a registered society within the meaning given by section 1(1) of the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014; or
(b) a society registered or deemed to be registered under the Industrial and Provident Societies Act (Northern Ireland) 1969;
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“Schedule B1” means Schedule B1 to the 1986 Act as inserted by section 248 of the Enterprise Act 2002, unless specified otherwise;
section 899 compromise or arrangement” means a compromise or arrangement sanctioned by the court in relation to a UK insurer under section 899 of the 2006 Act but does not include a compromise or arrangement falling within section 900 (powers of court to facilitate reconstruction or amalgamation) or Part 27 (mergers and divisions of public companies) of that Act;
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“the Solvency 2 Directive” means Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the taking-up and pursuit of the business of Insurance and Reinsurance (Solvency II);
“supervisor” has the meaning given by section 7 of the 1986 Act or Article 20 of the 1989 Order;
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“UK insurer” means a person who has permission under Part IV of the 2000 Act to effect or carry out contracts of insurance, but does not include a person who, in accordance with that permission, carries on that activity exclusively in relation to reinsurance contracts;
“voluntary arrangement” means a voluntary arrangement which has effect in relation to a UK insurer in accordance with section 4A of the 1986 Act or Article 17A of the 1989 Order; and
“winding up” means—
(a) winding up by the court, or
(b) a creditors' voluntary winding up.
2 In paragraph (1)—
(a) for the purposes of the definition of “directive reorganisation measure”, a reorganisation measure is adopted or imposed at the time when it is treated as adopted or imposed by the law of the relevant EEA State; and
(b) for the purposes of the definition of “directive winding up proceedings”, winding up proceedings are opened at the time when they are treated as opened by the law of the relevant EEA State,
and in this paragraph “relevant EEA State” means the EEA State under the law of which the reorganisation is adopted or imposed, or the winding up proceedings are opened, as the case may be.
3 In these Regulations, references to the general law of insolvency of the United Kingdom include references to every provision made by or under the 1986 Act or the 1989 Order; and in relation to friendly societies or to registered societies references to the law of insolvency or to any provision of the 1986 Act or the 1989 Order are to that law as modified by the Friendly Societies Act 1992 or by the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014 or the Industrial and Provident Societies Act (Northern Ireland) 1969 (as the case may be).
Words in reg. 2(3) substituted (1.8.2014) by The Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies and Credit Unions Act 2010 (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2014 (S.I. 2014/1815), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 12(2)(b)(i)
1992 c. 40.
Words in reg. 2(3) substituted (1.8.2014) by The Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies and Credit Unions Act 2010 (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2014 (S.I. 2014/1815), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 12(2)(b)(ii)
1969 c. 24 (N.I.).
4 References in these Regulations to a “contract of insurance” must be read with—
(a) section 22 of the 2000 Act;
(b) any relevant order made under that section; and
(c) Schedule 2 to that Act,
but for the purposes of these Regulations a contract of insurance does not include a reinsurance contract.
5 Functions imposed or falling on the FCA or the PRA by or under these Regulations shall be deemed to be functions under the 2000 Act.
Words in reg. 2(5) substituted (1.4.2013) by The Financial Services Act 2012 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/472), Sch. 2 para. 88(b)
Words in reg. 2(1) omitted (12.5.2011) by virtue of The Companies Act 2006 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/1265), arts. 1(2), 23(2)(a)
1986 c. 45, as last amended by the Enterprise Act 2002 (2002 c. 40).
2000 c. 8.
Words in reg. 2(1) inserted (12.5.2011) by The Companies Act 2006 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/1265), arts. 1(2), 23(2)(b)
S.I. 1989/2405 (N.I. 19).
Words in reg. 2(1) added (6.4.2007) by The Insurers (Reorganisation and Winding Up) (Amendment) Regulations 2007 (S.I. 2007/851), regs. 1, 2(2)(a)
Words in reg. 2(1) omitted (12.5.2011) by virtue of The Companies Act 2006 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/1265), arts. 1(2), 23(2)(c)
Words in reg. 2(1) omitted (1.4.2013) by virtue of The Financial Services Act 2012 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/472), Sch. 2 para. 88(a)(i)
Words in reg. 2(1) substituted (1.1.2016) by The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 17(2)(c)
Words in reg. 2(1) substituted (23.4.2019) by The Financial Services and Markets (Insolvency) (Amendment of Miscellaneous Enactments) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/755), regs. 1, 4(2)(a)
Words in reg. 2(1) omitted (12.5.2011) by virtue of The Companies Act 2006 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/1265), arts. 1(2), 23(2)(d)
Words in reg. 2(1) substituted (1.1.2016) by The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 17(2)(d)
Words in reg. 2(1) substituted (1.1.2016) by The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 17(2)(e)
Words in reg. 2(1) substituted (1.1.2016) by The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 17(2)(f)
Words in reg. 2(1) substituted (1.1.2016) by The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 17(2)(g)
Words in reg. 2(1) inserted (1.4.2013) by The Financial Services Act 2012 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/472), Sch. 2 para. 88(a)(ii)
Words in reg. 2(1) omitted (1.1.2016) by virtue of The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 17(2)(a)(i)
Words in reg. 2(1) substituted (1.1.2016) by The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 17(2)(h)
Words in reg. 2(1) substituted (23.4.2019) by The Financial Services and Markets (Insolvency) (Amendment of Miscellaneous Enactments) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/755), regs. 1, 4(2)(c)
S.I. 1991/364.
Words in reg. 2(1) omitted (23.4.2019) by virtue of The Financial Services and Markets (Insolvency) (Amendment of Miscellaneous Enactments) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/755), regs. 1, 4(2)(d)
Words in reg. 2(1) omitted (1.1.2016) by virtue of The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 17(2)(a)(ii)
Words in reg. 2(1) substituted (12.5.2011) by The Companies Act 2006 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/1265), arts. 1(2), 23(2)(e)
O.J. No. 17, 6.10.58, p.385/58; English Special Edition, Series 1, Chapter 1952–1958, p.0059.
O.J. No. C241, 29.08.94, p.258.
S.I. 2001/2361.
Words in reg. 2(1) inserted (1.8.2014) by The Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies and Credit Unions Act 2010 (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2014 (S.I. 2014/1815), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 12(2)(a)
Words in reg. 2(1) omitted (1.1.2016) by virtue of The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 17(2)(a)(iii)
2002 c. 40.
Words in reg. 2(1) added (6.4.2007) by The Insurers (Reorganisation and Winding Up) (Amendment) Regulations 2007 (S.I. 2007/851), regs. 1, 2(2)(b)
Words in reg. 2(1) substituted (12.5.2011) by The Companies Act 2006 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/1265), arts. 1(2), 23(2)(f)
Words in reg. 2(1) omitted (12.5.2011) by virtue of The Companies Act 2006 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/1265), arts. 1(2), 23(2)(g)
Words in reg. 2(1) inserted (1.1.2016) by The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 17(2)(b)
Words in reg. 2(1) omitted (1.1.2016) by virtue of The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 17(2)(a)(iv)