PART 6Income and capital
SECTION 2Income
Calculation of income on a weekly basis27
1
Subject to regulations 34 (disregard of changes in tax, contributions etc), and 80 and 81 (calculation of weekly amounts and rent free periods) for the purposes of section 130(1)(c) of the Act (conditions of entitlement to housing benefit) the income of a claimant shall be calculated on a weekly basis—
a
by estimating the amount which is likely to be his average weekly income in accordance with this Section and Sections 3 to 5 of this Part and Sections 1 and 3 of Part 7;
b
by adding to that amount the weekly income calculated under regulation 52 (calculation of tariff income from capital); and
c
by then deducting any relevant child care charges to which regulation 28 (treatment of child care charges) applies from any earnings which form part of the average weekly income or, in a case where the conditions in paragraph (2) are met, from those earnings plus whichever credit specified in sub-paragraph (b) of that paragraph is appropriate, up to a maximum deduction in respect of the claimant's family of whichever of the sums specified in paragraph (3) applies in his case.
2
The conditions of this paragraph are that—
a
the claimant's earnings which form part of his average weekly income are less than the lower of either his relevant child care charges or whichever of the deductions specified in paragraph (3) otherwise applies in his case; and
b
that claimant or, if he is a member of a couple either the claimant or his partner, is in receipt of either working tax credit or child tax credit.
3
The maximum deduction to which paragraph (1)(c) above refers shall be—
C1a
where the claimant's family includes only one child in respect of whom relevant child care charges are paid, £175.00 per week;
C2b
where the claimant's family includes more than one child in respect of whom relevant child care charges are paid, £300 per week.
4
For the purposes of paragraph (1) “income” includes capital treated as income under regulation 41 (capital treated as income) and income which a claimant is treated as possessing under regulation 42 (notional income).
Treatment of child care charges28
1
This regulation applies where a claimant is incurring relevant child care charges and—
a
is a lone parent and is engaged in remunerative work;
b
is a member of a couple both of whom are engaged in remunerative work; or
c
is a member of a couple where one member is engaged in remunerative work and the other—
i
is incapacitated;
ii
is an in-patient in hospital; or
iii
is in prison (whether serving a custodial sentence or remanded in custody awaiting trial or sentence).
2
For the purposes of paragraph (1) and subject to paragraph (4), a person to whom paragraph (3) applies shall be treated as engaged in remunerative work for a period not exceeding 28 weeks during which he—
a
is paid statutory sick pay;
b
is paid short-term incapacity benefit at the lower rate under sections 30A to 30E of the ActM1;
F7ba
is paid an employment and support allowance;
c
is paid income support on the grounds of incapacity for work under regulation 4ZA of, and paragraph 7 or 14 of Schedule 1B to, the Income Support RegulationsM2; or
3
This paragraph applies to a person who was engaged in remunerative work immediately before—
a
the first day of the period in respect of which he was first paid statutory sick pay, short-term incapacity benefitF9, an employment and support allowance or income support on the grounds of incapacity for work; or
b
the first day of the period in respect of which earnings are credited,
as the case may be.
4
In a case to which paragraph (2)(c) or (d) applies, the period of 28 weeks begins on the day on which the person is first paid income support or on the first day of the period in respect of which earnings are credited, as the case may be.
5
Relevant child care charges are those charges for care to which paragraphs (6) and (7) apply, and shall be calculated on a weekly basis in accordance with paragraph (10).
6
The charges are paid by the claimant for care which is provided—
a
in the case of any child of the claimant's family who is not disabled, in respect of the period beginning on that child's date of birth and ending on the day preceding the first Monday in September following that child's fifteenth birthday; or
b
in the case of any child of the claimant's family who is disabled, in respect of the period beginning on that person's date of birth and ending on the day preceding the first Monday in September following that person's sixteenth birthday.
7
The charges are paid for care which is provided by one or more of the care providers listed in paragraph (8) and are not paid—
a
in respect of the child's compulsory education;
b
by a claimant to a partner or by a partner to a claimant in respect of any child for whom either or any of them is responsible in accordance with regulation 20 (circumstances in which a person is treated as responsible or not responsible for another); or
c
in respect of care provided by a relative of a child wholly or mainly in the child's home.
8
The care to which paragraph (7) refers may be provided—
a
out of school hours, by a school on school premises or by a local authority—
i
for children who are not disabled in respect of the period beginning on their eighth birthday and ending on the day preceding the first Monday in September following their fifteenth birthday; or
ii
for children who are disabled in respect of the period beginning on their eighth birthday and ending on the day preceding the first Monday in September following their sixteenth birthday;
b
by a child care provider approved in accordance with the Tax Credit (New Category of Child Care Provider) Regulations 1999M4;
c
F20d
by a person who is excepted from registration under Part 2 of the Children and Families (Wales) Measure 2010 because the child care that person provides is in a school or establishment referred to in article 11, 12 or 14 of the Child Minding and Day Care Exceptions (Wales) Order 2010;
F21e
by—
i
persons registered under section 59(1) of the Public Services Reform (Scotland) Act 2010; or
ii
local authorities registered under section 83(1),
where the care provided is child minding or day care of children within the meaning of that Act; or
f
by a person prescribed in regulations made pursuant to section 12(4) of the Tax Credits Act; F15or
g
by a person who is registered under Chapter 2 or 3 of Part 3 of the Childcare Act 2006; or
h
by any of the schools mentioned in section 34(2) of the Childcare Act 2006 in circumstances where the requirement to register under Chapter 2 of Part 3 of that Act does not apply by virtue of section 34(2) of that Act; or
i
by any of the schools mentioned in section 53(2) of the Childcare Act 2006 in circumstances where the requirement to register under Chapter 3 of Part 3 of that Act does not apply by virtue of section 53(2) of that Act; or
j
by any of the establishments mentioned in section 18(5) of the Childcare Act 2006 in circumstances where the care is not included in the meaning of “childcare” for the purposes of Part 1 and Part 3 of that Act by virtue of that subsection; or
k
by a foster parent F16or kinship carer under the Fostering Services Regulations 2002, the Fostering Services (Wales) Regulations 2003 or the F17Looked After Children (Scotland) Regulations 2009 in relation to a child other than one whom the foster parent is fostering F18or kinship carer is looking after; or
l
by a domiciliary care worker under the Domiciliary Care Agencies Regulations 2002 or F51by a person who is employed, or engaged under a contract for services, to provide care and support by the provider of a domiciliary support service within the meaning of Part 1 of the Regulation and Inspection of Social Care (Wales) Act 2016; or
m
by a person who is not a relative of the child wholly or mainly in the child’s home.
9
In paragraphs (6) and (8)(a), “the first Monday in September” means the Monday which first occurs in the month of September in any year.
10
Relevant child care charges shall be estimated over such period, not exceeding a year, as is appropriate in order that the average weekly charge may be estimated accurately having regard to information as to the amount of that charge provided by the child minder or person providing the care.
11
For the purposes of paragraph (1)(c) the other member of a couple is incapacitated where—
a
F3the claimant’s applicable amount includes a disability premium on account of the other member’s incapacity F10or the support component or F48the other member is a member of the work-related activity groupF47... on account of the other member having limited capability for work;—
i
a disability premium; or
ii
a higher pensioner premium by virtue of the satisfaction of paragraph 11(2)(b) of Schedule 3,
on account of the other member's incapacity;
b
F11ba
the claimant's applicable amount would include the support component or F50the other member would be a member of the work-related activity groupF49... on account of the other member having limited capability for work but for that other member being treated as not having limited capability for work by virtue of a determination made in accordance with the Employment and Support Allowance Regulations F28or the Employment and Support Allowance Regulations 2013;
c
the claimant (within the meaning of regulation 2) is, or is treated as, incapable of work and has been so incapable, or has been so treated as incapable, of work in accordance with the provisions of, and regulations made under, Part 12A of the Act (incapacity for work) for a continuous period of not less than 196 days; and for this purpose any two or more separate periods separated by a break of not more than 56 days shall be treated as one continuous period;
F12ca
the claimant (within the meaning of regulation 2(1)) has, or is treated as having, limited capability for work and has had, or been treated as having, limited capability for work in accordance with the Employment and Support Allowance Regulations F29or the Employment and Support Allowance Regulations 2013 for a continuous period of not less than 196 days and for this purpose any two or more separate periods separated by a break of not more than 84 days must be treated as one continuous period;
d
there is payable in respect of him one or more of the following pensions or allowances—
i
long-term incapacity benefit or short-term incapacity benefit at the higher rate under Schedule 4 to the Act;
ii
attendance allowance under section 64 of the Act;
iii
severe disablement allowance under section 68 of the Act;
iv
disability living allowance under section 71 of the Act;
F58iva
child disability payment;
v
increase of disablement pension under section 104 of the Act;
vi
a pension increase F14paid as part of a war disablement pension or under an industrial injuries scheme which is analogous to an allowance or increase of disablement pension under head (ii), (iv) or (v) above;
F13vii
main phase employment and support allowance;
F23viii
personal independence payment;
F60viiia
adult disability payment;
F24ix
armed forces independence payment;
e
a pensionF30, allowance or payment to which head (ii), (iv), (v), (vi) or (viii) of sub-paragraph (d) above refers was payable on account of his incapacity but has ceased to be payable in consequence of his becoming a patient F1, which in this regulation shall mean a person (other than a person who is serving a sentence of imprisonment or detention in a youth custody institution) who is regarded as receiving free in-patient treatment within the meaning of F2regulation 2(4) and (5) of the Social Security (Hospital In-Patients) Regulations 2005;
f
sub-paragraph (d) or (e) would apply to him if the legislative provisions referred to in those sub-paragraphs were provisions under any corresponding enactment having effect in Northern Ireland; or
g
he has an invalid carriage or other vehicle provided to him by the Secretary of State under section 5(2)(a) of and Schedule 2 to the National Health Service Act 1977 M7or by Scottish Ministers under section 46 of the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978 M8or provided by the F5Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety in Northern Ireland under Article 30(1) of the Health and Personal Social Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1972.
12
For the purposes of paragraph (11), once paragraph (11)(c) applies to the claimant, if he then ceases, for a period of 56 days or less, to be incapable, or to be treated as incapable, of work, that paragraph shall, on his again becoming so incapable, or so treated as incapable, of work at the end of that period, immediately thereafter apply to him for so long as he remains incapable, or is treated as remaining incapable, of work.
F612A
For the purposes of paragraph (11), once paragraph (11)(ca) applies to the claimant, if he then ceases, for a period of 84 days or less, to have, or to be treated as having, limited capability for work, that paragraph is, on his again having, or being treated as having, limited capability for work at the end of that period, immediately thereafter to apply to him for so long as he has, or is treated as having, limited capability for work.
13
For the purposes of paragraphs (6) and (8)(a), a person is disabled if he is a person—
a
in respect of whom disability living allowance is payable, or has ceased to be payable solely because he is a patient;
F59aa
in respect of whom child disability payment is payable;
F33b
who is certified as severely sight impaired or blind by a consultant ophthalmologist;
c
d
F61da
in respect of whom adult disability payment is payable, or has ceased to be payable solely by virtue of regulation 28 (effect of admission to hospital on ongoing entitlement to Adult Disability Payment) of the Disability Assistance for Working Age People (Scotland) Regulations 2022
e
in respect of whom armed forces independence payment is payable.
14
For the purposes of—
a
paragraph (1) a person on maternity leave, paternity leaveF36, shared parental leaveF53, parental bereavement leave or adoption leave shall be treated as if she is engaged in remunerative work for the period specified in sub-paragraph (b) (“the relevant period”) provided that—
i
ii
the claimant is incurring relevant child care charges within the meaning of paragraph (5); and
iii
she is entitled to statutory maternity pay under section 164 of the Act, F22statutory paternity pay by virtue of section 171ZA or 171ZB of the ActF40F22... statutory paternity pay by virtue of section 171ZA or 171ZB of the Act M9,F41additional statutory paternity pay by virtue of section 171ZEA or 171ZEB of the Act, statutory adoption pay by virtue of section 171ZL of the ActM10, maternity allowance under section 35 of the ActF35, statutory shared parental pay by virtue of section 171ZU or 171ZV of the ActF52, statutory parental bereavement pay by virtue of section 171ZZ6 of the Act or qualifying support;
b
sub-paragraph (a) the relevant period shall begin on the day on which the person's maternity leave, paternity leaveF56, parental bereavement leave or adoption leave commences and shall end on—
i
the date that leave ends;
ii
if no child care element of working tax credit is in payment on the date that entitlement to maternity allowance, qualifying support, statutory maternity pay, F42statutory paternity pay, statutory adoption payF54, statutory shared parental pay or statutory parental bereavement pay ends, the date that entitlement ends; or
iii
if a child care element of working tax credit is in payment on the date that entitlement to maternity allowance, qualifying support, statutory maternity pay, F43statutory paternity pay, statutory adoption pay F55, statutory shared parental pay or statutory parental bereavement pay ends, the date that entitlement to that award of the child care element of working tax credit ends,
whichever shall occur first.
15
In paragraph (14)—
a
“qualifying support” means income support to which that person is entitled by virtue of paragraph 14B of Schedule 1B to the Income Support RegulationsM11; and
b
“child care element” of working tax credit means the element of working tax credit prescribed under section 12 of the Tax Credits Act (child care element).
Average weekly earnings of employed earners29
1
Where a claimant's income consists of earnings from employment as an employed earner his average weekly earnings shall be estimated by reference to his earnings from that employment—
a
over a period immediately preceding the benefit week in which the claim is made or treated as made and being a period of—
i
5 weeks, if he is paid weekly; or
ii
2 months, if he is paid monthly; or
b
whether or not sub-paragraph (a)(i) or (ii) applies, where a claimant's earnings fluctuate, over such other period preceding the benefit week in which the claim is made or treated as made as may, in any particular case, enable his average weekly earnings to be estimated more accurately.
2
Where the claimant has been in his employment for less than the period specified in paragraph (1)(a)(i) or (ii)—
a
if he has received any earnings F39or expects to receive an amount of earnings for the period that he has been in that employment and those earnings are likely to represent his average weekly earnings from that employment his average weekly earnings shall be estimated by reference to those earnings;
b
in any other case, the relevant authority shall require the claimant's employer to furnish an estimate of the claimant's likely weekly earnings over such period as the relevant authority may require and the claimant's average weekly earnings shall be estimated by reference to that estimate.
3
Where the amount of a claimant's earnings changes during an award the relevant authority shall estimate his average weekly earnings by reference to his likely earnings from the employment over such period as is appropriate in order that his average weekly earnings may be estimated accurately but the length of the period shall not in any case exceed 52 weeks.
4
For the purposes of this regulation the claimant's earnings shall be calculated in accordance with Section 3 of this Part.
F38Date on which income consisting of earnings from employment as an employed earner are taken into account29A
1
A claimant’s average weekly earnings from employment estimated pursuant to regulation 29 (Average weekly earnings of employed earners) and Section 3 (Employed earners) of this Part shall be taken into account—
a
in the case of a claim, on the date that the claim was made or treated as made and the first day of each benefit week thereafter, regardless of whether those earnings were actually received in that benefit week;
b
in the case of a claim or award where the claimant commences employment, the first day of the benefit week following the date the claimant commences that employment, and the first day of each benefit week thereafter, regardless of whether those earnings were actually received in that benefit week; or
c
in the case of a claim or award where the claimant’s average weekly earnings from employment change, the first day of the benefit week following the date of the change, and the beginning of each benefit week thereafter, regardless of whether those earnings were actually received in that benefit week.
Average weekly earnings of self-employed earners30
1
Where a claimant's income consists of earnings from employment as a self-employed earner his average weekly earnings shall be estimated by reference to his earnings from that employment over such period as is appropriate in order that his average weekly earnings may be estimated accurately but the length of the period shall not in any case exceed a year.
2
For the purposes of this regulation the claimant's earnings shall be calculated in accordance with Section 4 of this Part.
Average weekly income other than earnings31
1
A claimant's income which does not consist of earnings shall, except where paragraph (2) applies, be estimated over such period as is appropriate in order that his average weekly income may be estimated accurately but the length of the period shall not in any case exceed 52 weeks; and nothing in this paragraph shall authorise an authority to disregard any such income other than that specified in Schedule 5.
2
The period over which any benefit under the benefit Acts is to be taken into account shall be the period in respect of which that benefit is payable.
3
For the purposes of this regulation income other than earnings shall be calculated in accordance with Section 5 of this Part.
Calculation of average weekly income from tax credits32
1
This regulation applies where a claimant receives a tax credit.
2
Where this regulation applies, the period over which a tax credit is to be taken into account shall be the period set out in paragraph (3).
3
Where the instalment in respect of which payment of a tax credit is made is—
a
a daily instalment, the period is 1 day, being the day in respect of which the instalment is paid;
b
a weekly instalment, the period is 7 days, ending on the day on which the instalment is due to be paid;
c
a two weekly instalment, the period is 14 days, commencing 6 days before the day on which the instalment is due to be paid;
d
a four weekly instalment, the period is 28 days, ending on the day on which the instalment is due to be paid.
4
For the purposes of this regulation “tax credit” means child tax credit or working tax credit.
Calculation of weekly income33
1
For the purposes of regulations 29 (average weekly earnings of employed earners), 31 (average weekly income other than earnings) and 32 (calculation of average weekly income from tax credits), where the period in respect of which a payment is made—
a
does not exceed a week, the weekly amount shall be the amount of that payment;
b
exceeds a week, the weekly amount shall be determined—
i
in a case where that period is a month, by multiplying the amount of the payment by 12 and dividing the product by 52;
ii
in any other case, by dividing the amount of the payment by the number equal to the number of days in the period to which it relates and multiplying the quotient by 7.
2
For the purposes of regulation 30 (average weekly earnings of self-employed earners) the weekly amount of earnings of a claimant shall be determined by dividing his earnings over the assessment period by the number equal to the number of days in that period and multiplying the quotient by 7.
Disregard of changes in tax, contributions etc34
In calculating the claimant's income the appropriate authority may disregard any legislative change—
a
in the basic or other rates of income tax;
F44aa
in the Scottish basic or other rates of income tax;
b
in the amount of any personal tax F45reliefs under Chapters 2, 3 and 3A of Part 3 of the Income Tax Act 2007;
c
d
in the amount of tax payable as a result of an increase in the weekly rate of Category A, B, C or D retirement pension or any addition thereto or any graduated pension payable under the Act F46or a state pension under Part 1 of the Pensions Act 2014;
e
in the maximum rate of child tax credit or working tax credit,
for a period not exceeding 30 benefit weeks beginning with the benefit week immediately following the date from which the change is effective.