PART 1General

Interpretation

2.—(1) In these Regulations—

“the Act” means the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992;

“the Administration Act” means the Social Security Administration Act 1992 M1;

“the 1973 Act” means the Employment and Training Act 1973 M2;

“the 1992 Act” means the Local Government Finance Act 1992;

[F1 “the 2000 Act ” means the Electronic Communications Act 2000; ]

“Abbeyfield Home” means an establishment run by the Abbeyfield Society including all bodies corporate or incorporate which are affiliated to that Society;

“adoption leave” means a period of absence from work on ordinary or additional adoption leave by virtue of section 75A or 75B of the Employment Rights Act 1996 M3;

“alternative maximum council tax benefit” means the amount determined in accordance with regulation 46 and Schedule 6;

“appropriate DWP office” means an office of the Department for Work and Pensions dealing with state pension credit or an office which is normally open to the public for the receipt of claims for income support[F2, a jobseeker's allowance or an employment and support allowance];

“assessment period” means the period determined—

(a)

in relation to the earnings of a self-employed earner, in accordance with regulation 27 for the purpose of calculating the weekly earnings of the claimant; or

(b)

in relation to any other income, in accordance with regulation 23 for the purpose of calculating the weekly income of the claimant;

“attendance allowance” means—

(a)

an attendance allowance under Part 3 of the Act;

(b)

an increase of disablement pension under section 104 or 105 of the Act;

(c)

a payment under regulations made in exercise of the power conferred by paragraph 7(2)(b) of Part 2 of Schedule 8 to the Act M4;

(d)

an increase of an allowance which is payable in respect of constant attendance under paragraph 4 of Part 1 of Schedule 8 to the Act;

(e)

a payment by virtue of article 14, 15, 16, 43 or 44 of the Personal Injuries (Civilians) Scheme 1983 M5 or any analogous payment; or

(f)

any payment based on need for attendance which is paid as part of a war disablement pension;

[F3“basic rate”, where it relates to the rate of tax, has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Act 2007 (see section 989 of that Act).]

“the benefit Acts” means the Act, the Jobseekers Act M6[F4, the Welfare Reform Act] and the State Pension Credit Act;

“benefit week” means a period of 7 consecutive days commencing upon a Monday and ending on a Sunday;

“board and lodging accommodation” means accommodation provided to a person or, if he is a member of a family, to him or any other member of his family, for a charge which is inclusive of the provision of that accommodation and at least some cooked or prepared meals which both are cooked or prepared (by a person other than the person to whom the accommodation is provided or a member of his family) and are consumed in that accommodation or associated premises;

“care home” in England and Wales has the meaning assigned to it by section 3 of the Care Standards Act 2000 M7 and in Scotland means a care home service within the meaning assigned to it by [F5paragraph 2 of schedule 12 to the Public Services Reform (Scotland) Act 2010];

“carer's allowance” means carer's allowance under section 70 of the Act M8;

[F6“the Caxton Foundation” means the charitable trust of that name established on 28th March 2011 out of funds provided by the Secretary of State for the benefit of certain persons suffering from hepatitis C and other persons eligible for payment in accordance with its provisions;]

“child” means a person under the age of 16;

“child tax credit” means a child tax credit under section 8 of the Tax Credits Act;

“the Children Order” means the Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 M9;

“claim” means a claim for council tax benefit;

“claimant” means a person claiming council tax benefit;

“close relative” means a parent, parent-in-law, son, son-in-law, daughter, daughter-in-law, step-parent, step-son, step-daughter, brother, sister, or if any of the preceding persons is one member of a couple, the other member of that couple;

[F7“concessionary payment” means a payment made under arrangements made by the Secretary of State with the consent of the Treasury which is charged to a Departmental Expenditure Vote to which payments of benefit or tax credits under the benefit Acts or the Tax Credits Act are charged;]

“the Consequential Provisions Regulations” means the Housing Benefit and Council Tax Benefit (Consequential Provisions) Regulations 2006 M10;

[F8“contributory employment and support allowance” means a contributory allowance under Part 1 of the Welfare Reform Act;]

“council tax benefit” means council tax benefit under Part 7 of the Act;

“couple” means—

(a)

a man and a woman who are married to each other and are members of the same household;

(b)

a man and a woman who are not married to each other but are living together as husband and wife;

(c)

two people of the same sex who are civil partners of each other and are members of the same household; or

(d)

two people of the same sex who are not civil partners of each other but are living together as if they were civil partners,

and for the purposes of sub-paragraph (d), two people of the same sex are to be regarded as living together as if they were civil partners if, but only if, they would be regarded as living together as husband and wife were they instead two people of the opposite sex;

“course of study” means any course of study, whether or not it is a sandwich course and whether or not a grant is made for undertaking or attending it;

“date of claim” means the date on which the claim is made, or treated as made, for the purposes of regulation 53 (time and manner in which claims are to be made);

“the Decisions and Appeals Regulations” means the Housing Benefit and Council Tax Benefit (Decisions and Appeals) Regulations 2001 M11;

“designated authority” means any of the following—

(a)

the Secretary of State;

(b)

a person providing services to the Secretary of State;

(c)

a local authority;

(d)

a person providing services to, or authorised to exercise any functions of, any such authority;

“designated office” means the office designated by the relevant authority for the receipt of claims to council tax benefit—

(a)

by notice upon or with a form approved by it for the purpose of claiming council tax benefit; or

(b)

by reference upon or with such a form to some other document available from it and sent by electronic means or otherwise on application and without charge; or

(c)

by any combination of the provisions set out in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) above;

“disability living allowance” means a disability living allowance under section 71 of the Act;

“dwelling” has the same meaning in section 3 or 72 of the 1992 Act;

“earnings” has the meaning prescribed in regulation 25 or, as the case may be, 28;

“the Eileen Trust” means the charitable trust of that name established on 29th March 1993 out of funds provided by the Secretary of State for the benefit of persons eligible for payment in accordance with its provisions;

[F9 “electronic communication” has the same meaning as in section 15(1) of the 2000 Act;]

“employed earner” is to be construed in accordance with section 2(1)(a) of the Act and also includes a person who is in receipt of a payment which is payable under any enactment having effect in Northern Ireland and which corresponds to statutory sick pay or statutory maternity pay;

[F10“Employment and Support Allowance Regulations” means the Employment and Support Allowance Regulations 2008;]

[F11“enactment” includes an enactment comprised in, or in an instrument made under, an Act of the Scottish Parliament;]

[F12“extended payment (qualifying contributory benefits)” means a payment of council tax benefit payable pursuant to regulation 44 of these Regulations or regulation 61 of the Council Tax Benefit Regulations 2006;]

[F12“extended payment period” means the period for which an extended payment is payable in accordance with regulation 44A of these Regulations or regulation 60A or 61A of the Council Tax Benefit Regulations 2006;]

“family” has the meaning assigned to it by section 137(1) of the Act;

“the Fund” means moneys made available from time to time by the Secretary of State for the benefit of persons eligible for payment in accordance with the provisions of a scheme established by him on 24th April 1992 or, in Scotland, on 10th April 1992;

F13...

[F14“the Graduated Retirement Benefit Regulations” means the Social Security (Graduated Retirement Benefit) Regulations 2005;]

“guarantee credit” is to be construed in accordance with sections 1 and 2 of the State Pension Credit Act;

“a guaranteed income payment” means a payment made under article 14(1)(b) or article 21(1)(a) of the Armed Forces and Reserve Forces (Compensation Scheme) Order 2005 M12;

“housing benefit” means housing benefit under Part 7 of the Act;

“the Housing Benefit Regulations” means the Housing Benefit Regulations 2006 M13;

“Immigration and Asylum Act” means the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999 M14;

“an income-based jobseeker's allowance” and “a joint-claim jobseeker's allowance” have the same meaning as they have in the Jobseekers Act by virtue of section 1(4) of that Act;

[F15“income-related employment and support allowance” means an income-related allowance under Part 1 of the Welfare Reform Act;]

“Income Support Regulations” means the Income Support (General) Regulations 1987 M15;

[F16“independent hospital”—

(a)

in England, means a hospital as defined by section 275 of the National Health Service Act 2006 that is not a health service hospital as defined by that section;

(b)

in Wales, has the meaning assigned to it by section 2 of the Care Standards Act 2000; and

(c)

[F17in Scotland, means an independent health care service as defined in section 10F(1)(a) and (b) of the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978;]]

F18...

[F19“the Independent Living Fund (2006)” means the Trust of that name established by a deed dated 10th April 2006 and made between the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions of the one part and Margaret Rosemary Cooper, Michael Beresford Boyall and Marie Theresa Martin of the other part;]

F20...

F21...

F22...

“invalid carriage or other vehicle” means a vehicle propelled by petrol engine or by electric power supplied for use on the road and to be controlled by the occupant;

“Jobseekers Act” means the Jobseekers Act 1995 M16;

“Jobseeker's Allowance Regulations” means the Jobseeker's Allowance Regulations 1996 M17;

“The London [F23Bombings] Relief Charitable Fund” means the company limited by guarantee (number 5505072) and registered charity of that name established on 11th July 2005 for the purpose of (amongst other things) relieving sickness, disability or financial need of victims (including families or dependants of victims) of the terrorist attacks carried out in London on 7th July 2005;

“lone parent” means a person who has no partner and who is responsible for and a member of the same household as a child or young person;

F24......

“the Macfarlane (Special Payments) Trust” means the trust of that name, established on 29th January 1990 partly out of funds provided by the Secretary of State, for the benefit of certain persons suffering from haemophilia;

“the Macfarlane (Special Payments) (No. 2) Trust” means the trust of that name, established on 3rd May 1991 partly out of funds provided by the Secretary of State, for the benefit of certain persons suffering from haemophilia and other beneficiaries;

“the Macfarlane Trust” means the charitable trust, established partly out of funds provided by the Secretary of State to the Haemophilia Society, for the relief of poverty or distress among those suffering from haemophilia;

[F25“main phase employment and support allowance” means an employment and support allowance where the calculation of the amount payable in respect of the claimant includes a component under section 2(1)(b) or 4(2)(b) of the Welfare Reform Act;]

“maternity leave” means a period during which a woman is absent from work because she is pregnant or has given birth to a child, and at the end of which she has a right to return to work either under the terms of her contract of employment or under Part 8 of the Employment Rights Act 1996 M18;

“member of a couple” means a member of a married or unmarried couple;

[F26“MFET Limited” means the company limited by guarantee (number 7121661) of that name, established for the purpose in particular of making payments in accordance with arrangements made with the Secretary of State to persons who have acquired HIV as a result of treatment by the NHS with blood or blood products;]

“mobility supplement” means a supplement to which paragraph 5(1)(a)(v) of Schedule 2 refers;

[F27“mover” means a claimant who changes the dwelling in which the claimant is resident and in respect of which the claimant is liable to pay council tax from a dwelling in the area of the appropriate authority to a dwelling in the area of the second authority;]

“net earnings” means such earnings as are calculated in accordance with regulation 26;

“net profit” means such profit as is calculated in accordance with regulation 29;

[F28“new dwelling” means, for the purposes of the definition of “second authority” and regulations 44C, 81 and 82, the dwelling to which a claimant has moved, or is about to move, in which the claimant is or will be resident;]

“non-dependant” has the meaning prescribed in regulation 3;

“non-dependant deduction” means a deduction that is to be made under regulation 42;

“occupational pension” means any pension or other periodical payment under an occupational pension scheme but does not include any discretionary payment out of a fund established for relieving hardship in particular cases;

“partner” means—

(a)

where a claimant is a member of a couple, the other member of that couple; or

(b)

where a claimant is polygamously married to two or more members of his household, any such member to whom he is married;

“paternity leave” means a period of absence from work on leave by virtue of section 80A or 80B of the Employment Rights Act 1996 M19;

“payment” includes part of a payment;

“pension fund holder” means with respect to a personal pension scheme or [F29an occupational pension scheme], the trustees, managers or scheme administrators, as the case may be, of the scheme F30... concerned;

“person affected” shall be construed in accordance with regulation 3 of the Decisions and Appeals Regulations;

“person on income support” means a person in receipt of income support;

“person on state pension credit” means a person in receipt of state pension credit;

[F31“personal pension scheme” means—

(a)

a personal pension scheme as defined by section 1 of the Pension Schemes Act 1993;

(b)

an annuity contract or trust scheme approved under section 620 or 621 of the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 or a substituted contract within the meaning of section 622(3) of that Act which is treated as having become a registered pension scheme by virtue of paragraph 1(1)(f) of Schedule 36 to the Finance Act 2004;

(c)

a personal pension scheme approved under Chapter 4 of Part 14 of the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 which is treated as having become a registered pension scheme by virtue of paragraph 1(1)(g) of Schedule 36 to the Finance Act 2004;]

“policy of life insurance” means any instrument by which the payment of money is assured on death (except death by accident only) or by the happening of any contingency dependent on human life, or any instrument evidencing a contract which is subject to payment of premiums for a term dependent on human life;

“polygamous marriage” means any marriage to which section 133(1) of the Act refers;

[F11“public authority” includes any person certain of whose functions are functions of a public nature;]

“qualifying age for state pension credit” means (in accordance with section 1(2)(b) and (6) of the State Pension Credit Act)—

(a)

in the case of a woman, pensionable age; or

(b)

in the case of a man, the age which is pensionable age in the case of a woman born on the same day as the man;

[F32“qualifying contributory benefit” means—

(a)

severe disablement allowance;

(b)

incapacity benefit;]

(c)

[F33contributory employment and support allowance;]

“qualifying course” means a qualifying course as defined for the purposes of Parts 2 and 4 of the Jobseeker's Allowance Regulations;

[F34“qualifying income-related benefit” means—

(a)

income support;

(b)

income-based jobseeker’s allowance;]

(c)

[F35income-related employment and support allowance;]

“qualifying person” means a person in respect of whom payment has been made from the Fund, the Eileen Trust[F36, MFET Limited] the Skipton Fund[F37, the Caxton Foundation] or the London Bombings Relief Charitable Fund;

“relative” means a close relative, grandparent, grandchild, uncle, aunt, nephew or niece;

“relevant authority” means an authority administering council tax benefit;

“remunerative work” has the meaning prescribed in regulation 6;

“rent” means “eligible rent” to which regulation 12 of the Housing Benefit (Persons who have attained the qualifying age for state pension credit) Regulations 2006 refers, less any deductions in respect of non-dependants which fall to be made under regulation 55 (non-dependant deductions) of those Regulations;

“resident” has the meaning it has in Part 1 or 2 of the 1992 Act;

F38...

[F39“sandwich course” has the meaning prescribed in regulation 2(9) of the Education (Student Support) Regulations 2008, regulation 4(2) of the Education (Student Loans)(Scotland) Regulations 2007 or regulation 2(8) of the Education (Student Support) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2007, as the case may be;]

“savings credit” shall be construed in accordance with sections 1 and 3 of the State Pension Credit Act;

“second adult” has the meaning given to it in Schedule 6;

[F40“second authority” means the authority to which a mover is liable to make payments for the new dwelling;]

“self-employed earner” is to be construed in accordance with section 2(1)(b) of the Act;

[F11“service user group” means a group of individuals that is consulted by or on behalf of—

(a)

a Health Board, Special Health Board or the Agency in consequence of a function under section 2B of the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978,

(b)

a landlord authority in consequence of a function under section 105 of the Housing Act 1985,

(c)

a public authority in consequence of a function under section 49A of the Disability Discrimination Act 1995,

(d)

a best value authority in consequence of a function under section 3 of the Local Government Act 1999,

(e)

a local authority landlord or registered social landlord in consequence of a function under section 53 of the Housing (Scotland) Act 2001,

(f)

a relevant English body or a relevant Welsh body in consequence of a function under section 242 of the National Health Service Act 2006,

(g)

a Local Health Board in consequence of a function under section 183 of the National Health Service (Wales) Act 2006,

(h)

the Commission or the Office of the Health Professions Adjudicator in consequence of a function under sections 4, 5, or 108 of the Health and Social Care Act 2008,

(i)

the regulator or a [F41private registered provider of social housing] in consequence of a function under sections 98, 193 or 196 of the Housing and Regeneration Act 2008, or

(j)

a local authority or any a public authority in Great Britain (not being a body or authority mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (i) above) in consequence of a function conferred under any enactment,

for the purposes of monitoring and advising on a policy of that body or authority which affects or may affect persons in the group, or of monitoring or advising on services provided by that body or authority which are used (or may potentially be used) by those persons;]

“single claimant” means a claimant who neither has a partner nor is a lone parent;

“the Skipton Fund” means the ex-gratia payment scheme administered by the Skipton Fund Limited, incorporated on 25th March 2004, for the benefit of certain persons suffering from hepatitis C and other persons eligible for payment in accordance with the scheme's provisions;

“sports award” means an award made by one of the Sports Councils named in section 23(2) of the National Lottery etc Act 1993 M20 out of sums allocated to it for distribution under that section;

F42...

“State Pension Credit Act” means the State Pension Credit Act 2002 M21;

“student” means a person, other than a person in receipt of a training allowance, who is attending or undertaking—

(a)

a course of study at an educational establishment; or

(b)

a qualifying course;

“tax year” means a period beginning with 6th April in one year and ending with 5th April in the next;

“the Tax Credits Act” means the Tax Credits Act 2002 M22;

“training allowance” means an allowance (whether by way of periodical grants or otherwise) payable—

(a)

out of public funds by a Government department or by or on behalf of the Secretary of State, [F43Skills Development Scotland,] Scottish Enterprise or Highlands and Islands Enterprise, the [F44Young People’s Learning Agency for England, the Chief Executive of Skills Funding] or the [F45Welsh Ministers];

(b)

to a person for his maintenance or in respect of a member of his family; and

(c)

for the period, or part of the period, during which he is following a course of training or instruction provided by, or in pursuance of arrangements made with, that department or approved by that department in relation to him or so provided or approved by or on behalf of the Secretary of State, [F43Skills Development Scotland,] Scottish Enterprise or Highlands and Islands Enterprise or the [F45Welsh Ministers],

but it does not include an allowance paid by any Government department to or in respect of a person by reason of the fact that he is following a course of full-time education, other than under arrangements made under section 2 of the 1973 Act M23 or is training as a teacher;

“the Trusts” means the Macfarlane Trust, the Macfarlane (Special Payments) Trust and the Macfarlane (Special Payments) (No. 2) Trust;

“voluntary organisation” means a body, other than a public or local authority, the activities of which are carried on otherwise than for profit;

[F46“war disablement pension” means any retired pay or pension or allowance payable in respect of disablement under an instrument specified in section 639(2) of the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003;]

[F46“war pension” means a war disablement pension, a war widow’s pension or a war widower’s pension;]

[F46“war widow’s pension” means any pension or allowance payable to a woman as a widow under an instrument specified in section 639(2) of the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 in respect of the death or disablement of any person;]

[F46“war widower’s pension” means any pension or allowance payable to a man as a widower or to a surviving civil partner under an instrument specified in section 639(2) of the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 in respect of the death or disablement of any person;]

F47...

“water charges” means—

(a)

as respects England and Wales, any water and sewerage charges under Chapter 1 of Part 5 of the Water Industry Act 1991 M24;

(b)

as respects Scotland, any water and sewerage charges established by Scottish Water under a charges scheme made under section 29A of the Water Industry (Scotland) Act 2002 M25,

in so far as such charges are in respect of the dwelling which a person occupies as his home;

[F48“Welfare Reform Act” means the Welfare Reform Act 2007;]

“working tax credit” means a working tax credit under section 10 of the Tax Credits Act;

“Working Tax Credit Regulations” means the Working Tax Credit (Entitlement and Maximum Rate) Regulations 2002 M26;

“young person” has the meaning prescribed in regulation 9(1).

(2) In these Regulations, references to a claimant occupying a dwelling or premises as his home shall be construed in accordance with regulation 7 of the Housing Benefit Regulations.

(3) In these Regulations, where an amount is to be rounded to the nearest penny, a fraction of a penny shall be disregarded if it is less than half a penny and shall otherwise be treated as a whole penny.

(4) For the purpose of these Regulations, a person is on an income-based jobseeker's allowance on any day in respect of which an income-based jobseeker's allowance is payable to him and on any day—

(a)in respect of which he satisfies the conditions for entitlement to an income-based jobseeker's allowance but where the allowance is not paid in accordance with [F49regulation 27A of the Jobseeker’s Allowance Regulations or] section 19 or 20A [F50or regulations made under section 17A] of the Jobseekers Act M27 (circumstances in which a jobseeker's allowance is not payable); or

(b)which is a waiting day for the purposes of paragraph 4 of Schedule 1 to that Act and which falls immediately before a day in respect of which an income-based jobseeker's allowance is payable to him or would be payable to him but for [F51regulation 27A of the Jobseeker’s Allowance Regulations or] section 19 or 20A [F52or regulations made under section 17A] of that Act;

(c)in respect of which he is a member of a joint-claim couple for the purposes of the Jobseekers Act and no joint-claim jobseeker's allowance is payable in respect of that couple as a consequence of either member of that couple being subject to sanctions for the purposes of section 20A of that Act;

(d)in respect of which an income-based jobseeker's allowance or a joint-claim jobseeker's allowance would be payable but for a restriction imposed pursuant to section 62 or 63 of the Child Support, Pensions and Social Security Act 2000 M28 or section [F536B,] 7, 8 or 9 of the Social Security Fraud Act 2001 M29 (loss of benefit provisions).

[F54(4A) For the purposes of these Regulations, a person is on an income-related employment and support allowance on any day in respect of which an income-related employment and support allowance is payable to him and on any day—

(a)in respect of which he satisfies the conditions for entitlement to an income-related employment and support allowance but where the allowance is not paid in accordance with section 18 of the Welfare Reform Act (disqualification); or

(b)which is a waiting day for the purposes of paragraph 2 of Schedule 2 to that Act and which falls immediately before a day in respect of which an income-related employment and support allowance is payable to him or would be payable to him but for section 18 of that Act.]

(5) For the purposes of these Regulations, two persons shall be taken to be estranged only if their estrangement constitutes a breakdown of the relationship between them.

(6) In these Regulations references to any person in receipt of a guarantee credit, a savings credit or state pension credit includes a reference to a person who would be in receipt thereof but for regulation 13 of the State Pension Credit Regulations 2002 M30 (small amounts of state pension credit).

Textual Amendments

F14Words in reg. 2(1) inserted (6.4.06) by reg. 12(2) of S.I. 2005/2677 (as amended) (6.3.2006) by The Housing Benefit and Council Tax Benefit (Consequential Provisions) Regulations 2006 (S.I. 2006/217) [Editorial note: The original amended provision S.I.1992/1814, reg. 2(1) was revoked and consolidated as S.I. 2006/216, reg. 2(1), see S.I. 2006/217]

F26Words in reg. 2(1) inserted (1.4.2010 for specified purposes, 5.4.2010 in so far as not already in force) by The Social Security (Miscellaneous Amendments) (No. 2) Regulations 2010 (S.I. 2010/641), regs. 1(3)(d), 11(2)

F33Words in reg. 2(1) inserted by SI 2008/1082 reg. 66(2)(ff) (as inserted) (27.10.2008) by The Employment and Support Allowance (Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 2008 (S.I. 2008/2428), regs. 1(2), 40(b)

F36Words in reg. 2(1) inserted (1.4.2010 for specified purposes, 5.4.2010 in so far as not already in force) by The Social Security (Miscellaneous Amendments) (No. 2) Regulations 2010 (S.I. 2010/641), regs. 1(3)(d), 11(3)(a)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

Marginal Citations

M31996 c. 18; sections 75A and 75B were inserted by section 3 of the Employment Act 2002 (c. 22).

M4See in particular paragraph 7(2)(b) of Schedule 8.

M5S.I. 1983/686; the relevant amending Instruments are S.I. 1983/1164, 1984/1675 and 2001/420.

M61995 c. 18; the Jobseekers Act is amended by the Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999(c. 30) section 59 and Schedule 7.

M8Invalid care allowance is known as carer's allowance– see S.I. 2002/1457.

M9S.I.1995/755 (N.1. 2).

M19Sections 80A and 80B were inserted by section 1 of the Employment Act 2002 (c. 22).

M231973 c. 50; section 2 was amended by section 25(1) of the Employment Act 1988 (c. 19), by Part I of Schedule 7 to the Employment Act 1989 (c. 38) and by section 47(1) of the Trade Union Reform and Employment Rights Act 1993(c. 19).

M27Section 20A inserted by the Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999 (c. 30), section 59 and Schedule 7, paragraph 13.