34.—(1) Subject to [F1paragraphs (2) and (3)], the Upper Tribunal may make any decision without a hearing.
(2) The Upper Tribunal must have regard to any view expressed by a party when deciding whether to hold a hearing to consider any matter, and the form of any such hearing.
[F2(3) In immigration judicial review proceedings, the Upper Tribunal must hold a hearing before making a decision which disposes of proceedings.
(4) Paragraph (3) does not affect the power of the Upper Tribunal to—
(a)strike out a party’s case, pursuant to rule 8(1)(b) or 8(2);
(b)consent to withdrawal, pursuant to rule 17;
(c)determine an application for permission to bring judicial review proceedings, pursuant to rule 30; or
(d)make a consent order disposing of proceedings, pursuant to rule 39,
without a hearing.]
Textual Amendments
F1Words in rule 34(1) substituted (1.11.2013) by The Tribunal Procedure (Amendment No. 4) Rules 2013 (S.I. 2013/2067), rules 1, 14(a)
F2Rule 34(3)(4) inserted (1.11.2013) by The Tribunal Procedure (Amendment No. 4) Rules 2013 (S.I. 2013/2067), rules 1, 14(b)
35.—[F3(1)] Subject to rule 37(4) (exclusion of a person from a hearing), each party is entitled to attend a hearing.
[F4(2) In a national security certificate appeal the relevant Minister is entitled to attend any hearing.]
Textual Amendments
F3Rule 35(1): Rule 35 renumbered as Rule 35(1) (18.1.2010) by The Tribunal Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2010 (S.I. 2010/43), rules 1, 11(a)
F4Rule 35(2) inserted (18.1.2010) by The Tribunal Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2010 (S.I. 2010/43), rules 1, rule 11(b)
36.—(1) The Upper Tribunal must give each party entitled to attend a hearing reasonable notice of the time and place of the hearing (including any adjourned or postponed hearing) and any change to the time and place of the hearing.
(2) The period of notice under paragraph (1) must be at least 14 days except that—
(a)in applications for permission to bring judicial review proceedings, the period of notice must be at least 2 working days; F5...
[F6(aa)in a fast-track case the period of notice must be at least one working day; and]
(b)[F7in any case other than a fast-track case] the Upper Tribunal may give shorter notice—
(i)with the parties' consent; or
(ii)in urgent or exceptional cases.
Textual Amendments
F5Word in rule 36(2)(a) omitted (15.2.2010) by virtue of The Tribunal Procedure (Amendment No. 2) Rules 2010 (S.I. 2010/44), rules 1, 17(a)(i)
F6Rule 36(2)(aa) inserted (15.2.2010) by The Tribunal Procedure (Amendment No. 2) Rules 2010 (S.I. 2010/44), rules 1, 17(a)(ii)
F7Words in rule 36(2)(b) inserted (15.2.2010) by The Tribunal Procedure (Amendment No. 2) Rules 2010 (S.I. 2010/44), rules 1, 17(b)
36A.—(1) Subject to rule 36(2)(aa) (notice of hearings) and paragraph (2) of this rule, where permission to appeal to the Upper Tribunal has been given in a fast-track case, the Upper Tribunal must start the hearing of the appeal not later than—
(a)[F9five] working days after the date on which the First-tier Tribunal or the Upper Tribunal sent notice of its grant of permission to appeal to the appellant; or
(b)where the notice of its grant of permission to appeal is sent electronically or delivered personally, two working days after the date on which the First-tier Tribunal or the Upper Tribunal sent notice of its grant of permission to appeal to the appellant.
(2) If the Upper Tribunal is unable to arrange for the hearing to start within the time specified in paragraph (1), it must set a date for the hearing as soon as is reasonably practicable.]
Textual Amendments
F8Rule 36A inserted (15.2.2010) by The Tribunal Procedure (Amendment No. 2) Rules 2010 (S.I. 2010/44), rules 1, 18
F9Word in rule 36A(1)(a) substituted (20.10.2014) by The Tribunal Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2014 (S.I. 2014/2128), rules 1(b), 12
37.—(1) Subject to the following paragraphs, all hearings must be held in public.
(2) The Upper Tribunal may give a direction that a hearing, or part of it, is to be held in private.
[F10(2ZA) Without prejudice to paragraph (2), the Upper Tribunal may direct that a hearing, or part of it, is to be held in private if—
(a)the Upper Tribunal directs that the proceedings are to be conducted wholly or partly as video proceedings or audio proceedings;
(b)it is not reasonably practicable for such a hearing, or such part, to be accessed in a court or tribunal venue by persons who are not parties entitled to participate in the hearing;
(c)a media representative is not able to access the proceedings remotely while they are taking place; and
(d)such a direction is necessary to secure the proper administration of justice.]
[F11(2A) In a national security certificate appeal, the Upper Tribunal must have regard to its duty under rule 14(10) (no disclosure of information contrary to the interests of national security) when considering whether to give a direction that a hearing, or part of it, is to be held in private.]
(3) Where a hearing, or part of it, is to be held in private, the Upper Tribunal may determine who is entitled to attend the hearing or part of it.
(4) The Upper Tribunal may give a direction excluding from any hearing, or part of it—
(a)any person whose conduct the Upper Tribunal considers is disrupting or is likely to disrupt the hearing;
(b)any person whose presence the Upper Tribunal considers is likely to prevent another person from giving evidence or making submissions freely;
(c)any person who the Upper Tribunal considers should be excluded in order to give effect to [F12the requirement at rule 14(11) (prevention of disclosure or publication of documents and information)]; F13...
(d)any person where the purpose of the hearing would be defeated by the attendance of that person[F14; or
(e)a person under [F1518, other than a young person who is a party in a special educational needs case or a disability discrimination in schools case].]
(5) The Upper Tribunal may give a direction excluding a witness from a hearing until that witness gives evidence.
Textual Amendments
F10Rule 37(2ZA) inserted (temp.) (10.4.2020) by virtue of The Tribunal Procedure (Coronavirus) (Amendment) Rules 2020 (S.I. 2020/416), rules 1(2), 5(3)
F11Rule 37(2A) inserted (18.1.2010) by The Tribunal Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2010 (S.I. 2010/43), rules 1, 12
F12Words in rule 37(4)(c) substituted (1.9.2009) by The Tribunal Procedure (Amendment No. 2) Rules 2009 (S.I. 2009/1975), rules 1, 20
F13Word in rule 37(4)(c) omitted (1.4.2009) by virtue of Tribunal Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2009 (S.I. 2009/274), rules 1, 19(a)
F14Rule 37(4)(e) and word inserted (1.4.2009) by Tribunal Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2009 (S.I. 2009/274), rules 1, 19(b)
F15Words in rule 37(4)(e) substituted (1.9.2014) by The Tribunal Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2014 (S.I. 2014/2128), rules 1(a), 13
37A.—(1) In the circumstances set out in paragraph (3), the Upper Tribunal must direct that the hearing be recorded, if practicable.
(2) Where the Upper Tribunal has made a direction under paragraph (1), it may direct the manner in which the hearing must be recorded.
(3) The circumstances referred to in paragraph (1) are that the hearing, or part of it, is—
(a)held in private under rule 37(2ZA); or
(b)only treated as held in public by virtue of a media representative being able to access the proceedings remotely while they are taking place.]
Textual Amendments
F16Rule 37A inserted (temp.) (10.4.2020) by virtue of The Tribunal Procedure (Coronavirus) (Amendment) Rules 2020 (S.I. 2020/416), rules 1(2), 5(4)
38. If a party fails to attend a hearing, the Upper Tribunal may proceed with the hearing if the Upper Tribunal—
(a)is satisfied that the party has been notified of the hearing or that reasonable steps have been taken to notify the party of the hearing; and
(b)considers that it is in the interests of justice to proceed with the hearing.