PART 1U.K.GENERAL RULES AND FORMATS
SECTION AU.K.GENERAL RULES
1.—(1) Subject to the following provisions of this Schedule—U.K.
(a)every balance sheet of a company must show the items listed in either of the balance sheet formats in Section B of this Part, and
(b)every profit and loss account must show the items listed in [either] of the profit and loss account formats in Section B.
[(1A) But, subject to the following provisions of this Schedule, in relation to a company which qualifies as a micro-entity in relation to a financial year (see sections 384A and 384B of the 2006 Act)—
(a)the only items which must be shown on the company's balance sheet for that year are those listed in either of the balance sheet formats in Section C of this Part, and
(b)the only items which must be shown on the company's profit and loss account for that year are those listed in the profit and loss account format in Section C.]
(2) References in this Schedule to the items listed in any of the formats in Section B [and Section C ] are to those items read together with any of the notes following the formats which apply to those items.
(3) [[Subject to paragraph 1A]] The items must be shown in the order and under the headings and sub-headings given in the particular format used, but—
(a)the notes to the formats may permit alternative positions for any particular items, and
(b)the heading or sub-heading for any item does not have to be distinguished by any letter or number assigned to that item in the format used.
[1A.—(1) [Where appropriate to the circumstances of a company's business, the company's directors may, with reference to one of the formats in Section B, draw up an abridged balance sheet showing only those items in that format preceded by letters and roman numerals, provided that—U.K.
(a)in the case of format 1, note (5) of the notes to the formats is complied with,
(b)in the case of format 2, notes (5) and (10) of those notes are complied with, and
(c)all of the members of the company have consented to the drawing up of the abridged balance sheet.]
(2) Where appropriate to the circumstances of a company's business, the company's directors may, with reference to one of the formats in Section B, draw up an abridged profit and loss account, combining under one item called “Gross profit or loss”—
(a)items 1, 2, 3 and 6 in the case of format 1, and
(b)items 1 to 5 in the case of format 2
provided that, in either case, all of the members of the company have consented to the drawing up of the abridged profit and loss account.
(3) Such consent as is referred to in sub-paragraphs (1) and (2) may only be given as regards the preparation of, as appropriate, the balance sheet or profit and loss account in respect of the preceding financial year.
(4) Sub-paragraphs (1) and (2) do not apply in relation to the preparation of, as appropriate, a company's balance sheet or profit and loss account for a particular financial year if the company was a charity at any time within that year.
1B.—(1) The company's directors may adapt one of the balance sheet formats in Section B so to distinguish between current and non-current items in a different way, provided that—U.K.
(a)the information given is at least equivalent to that which would have been required by the use of such format had it not been thus adapted, and
(b)the presentation of those items is in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles or practice.
(2) The company's directors may[, otherwise than pursuant to paragraph 1A(2),] adapt one of the profit and loss account formats in Section B, provided that—
(a)the information given is at least equivalent to that which would have been required by the use of such format had it not been thus adapted, and
(b)the presentation is in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles or practice.
1C. So far as is practicable, the following provisions of Section A of this Part of this Schedule apply to the balance sheet or profit or loss account of a company notwithstanding any such [abridgment or] adaptation pursuant to paragraph [1A or] 1B.]U.K.
2.—(1) Where in accordance with [ paragraph 1(1) ] a company's balance sheet or profit and loss account for any financial year has been prepared by reference to one of the formats in Section B, the company's directors must use the same format in preparing Companies Act individual accounts for subsequent financial years, unless in their opinion there are special reasons for a change.U.K.
(2) Particulars of any such change must be given in a note to the accounts in which the new format is first used, and the reasons for the change must be explained.
[2A. Where in accordance with paragraph 1(1A) a company's balance sheet or profit and loss account for any financial year has been prepared by reference to one of the formats in Section C, the company's directors must use the same format in preparing Companies Act individual accounts for subsequent financial years, unless in their opinion there are special reasons for a change.]
3.—(1) [Subject to paragraph 1A] any item required to be shown in a company's balance sheet or profit and loss account may be shown in greater detail than required by the particular format used.
(2) The balance sheet or profit and loss account may include an item representing or covering the amount of any asset or liability, income or expenditure not otherwise covered by any of the items listed in the format used, save that none of the following may be treated as assets in any balance sheet—
(a)preliminary expenses,
(b)expenses of, and commission on, any issue of shares or debentures,
(c)costs of research.
Textual Amendments
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
4.—(1) Where the special nature of the company's business requires it, the company's directors must adapt the arrangement, headings and sub-headings otherwise required in respect of items given an Arabic number in the balance sheet or profit and loss account format used.U.K.
(2) The directors may combine items to which Arabic numbers are given in any of the formats set out in Section B if—
(a)their individual amounts are not material to assessing the state of affairs or profit or loss of the company for the financial year in question, or
(b)the combination facilitates that assessment.
(3) Where sub-paragraph (2)(b) applies, the individual amounts of any items which have been combined must be disclosed in a note to the accounts.
5.—(1) Subject to sub-paragraph (2), the directors must not include a heading or sub-heading corresponding to an item in the balance sheet or profit and loss account format used if there is no amount to be shown for that item for the financial year to which the balance sheet or profit and loss account relates.U.K.
(2) Where an amount can be shown for the item in question for the immediately preceding financial year that amount must be shown under the heading or sub-heading required by the format for that item.
6. Every profit and loss account [other than one prepared by reference to the format in Section C] must show the amount of a company's profit or loss ... before taxation.U.K.
Textual Amendments
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
7.—(1) For every item shown in the balance sheet or profit and loss account the corresponding amount for the immediately preceding financial year must also be shown.U.K.
(2) Where that corresponding amount is not comparable with the amount to be shown for the item in question in respect of the financial year to which the balance sheet or profit and loss account relates, the former amount may be adjusted, and particulars of the non-comparability and of any adjustment must be disclosed in a note to the accounts.
8. Amounts in respect of items representing assets or income may not be set off against amounts in respect of items representing liabilities or expenditure (as the case may be), or vice versa.U.K.
9. The company's directors must, in determining how amounts are presented within items in the profit and loss account and balance sheet, have regard to the substance of the reported transaction or arrangement, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles or practice.U.K.
[9A. Where an asset or liability relates to more than one item in the balance sheet, the relationship of such asset or liability to the relevant items must be disclosed either under those items or in the notes to the accounts.]U.K.
SECTION BU.K.[The required formats for the accounts of companies other than micro-entities]
Balance sheet formats |
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Format 1 |
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A. | Called up share capital not paid (1) |
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B. | Fixed assets |
| I. | Intangible assets |
| 1. | Goodwill (2) |
| 2. | Other intangible assets (3) |
| II. | Tangible assets |
| 1. | Land and buildings |
| 2. | Plant and machinery etc. |
| III. | Investments |
| 1. | Shares in group undertakings and participating interests |
| 2. | Loans to group undertakings and undertakings in which the company has a participating interest |
| 3. | Other investments other than loans |
| 4. | Other investments (4) |
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C. | Current assets |
| I. | Stocks |
| 1. | Stocks |
| 2. | Payments on account |
| II. | Debtors (5) |
| 1. | Trade debtors |
| 2. | Amounts owed by group undertakings and undertakings in which the company has a participating interest |
| 3. | Other debtors (1) |
| III. | Investments |
| 1. | Shares in group undertakings |
| 2. | Other investments (4) |
| IV. | Cash at bank and in hand |
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D. | Prepayments and accrued income (6) |
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E. | Creditors: amounts falling due within one year |
| 1. | Bank loans and overdrafts |
| 2. | Trade creditors |
| 3. | Amounts owed to group undertakings and undertakings in which the company has a participating interest |
| 4. | Other creditors (7) |
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F. | Net current assets (liabilities) (8) |
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G. | Total assets less current liabilities |
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H. | Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year |
| 1. | Bank loans and overdrafts |
| 2. | Trade creditors |
| 3. | Amounts owed to group undertakings and undertakings in which the company has a participating interest |
| 4. | Other creditors (7) |
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I. | Provisions for liabilities |
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J. | Accruals and deferred income (7) |
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K. | Capital and reserves |
| I. | Called up share capital (9) |
| II. | Share premium account |
| III. | Revaluation reserve |
| IV. | Other reserves |
| V. | Profit and loss account |
Balance sheet formats |
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Format 2 |
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ASSETS |
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A. | Called up share capital not paid (1) |
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B. | Fixed assets |
| I. | Intangible assets |
| 1. | Goodwill (2) |
| 2. | Other intangible assets (3) |
| II. | Tangible assets |
| 1. | Land and buildings |
| 2. | Plant and machinery etc. |
| III. | Investments |
| 1. | Shares in group undertakings and participating interests |
| 2. | Loans to group undertakings and undertakings in which the company has a participating interest |
| 3. | Other investments other than loans |
| 4. | Other investments (4) |
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C. | Current assets |
| I. | Stocks |
| 1. | Stocks |
| 2. | Payments on account |
| II. | Debtors (5) |
| 1. | Trade debtors |
| 2. | Amounts owed by group undertakings and undertakings in which the company has a participating interest |
| 3. | Other debtors (1) |
| III. | Investments |
| 1. | Shares in group undertakings |
| 2. | Other investments (4) |
| IV. | Cash at bank and in hand |
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D. | Prepayments and accrued income (6) |
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[CAPITAL, RESERVES AND LIABILITIES] |
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A. | Capital and reserves |
| I. | Called up share capital (9) |
| II. | Share premium account |
| III. | Revaluation reserve |
| IV. | Other reserves |
| V. | Profit and loss account |
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B. | Provisions for liabilities |
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C. | Creditors (10) |
| 1. | Bank loans and overdrafts |
| 2. | Trade creditors |
| 3. | Amounts owed to group undertakings and undertakings in which the company has a participating interest |
| 4. | Other creditors (7) |
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D. | Accruals and deferred income (7) |
Notes on the balance sheet formats |
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(1) | Called up share capital not paid |
(Formats 1 and 2, items A and C.II.3.)
This item may either be shown at item A or included under item C.II.3 in Format 1 or 2.
(Formats 1 and 2, item B.I.1.)
Amounts representing goodwill must only be included to the extent that the goodwill was acquired for valuable consideration.
(3) | Other intangible assets |
(Formats 1 and 2, item B.I.2.)
Amounts in respect of concessions, patents, licences, trade marks and similar rights and assets must only be included in a company's balance sheet under this item if either—
(a)the assets were acquired for valuable consideration and are not required to be shown under goodwill, or
(b)the assets in question were created by the company itself.
(4) | Others: Other investments |
(Formats 1 and 2, items B.III.4 and C.III.2.)
Where amounts in respect of own shares held are included under either of these items, the nominal value of such shares must be shown separately.
(Formats 1 and 2, items C.II.1 to 3.)
The amount falling due after more than one year must be shown separately for each item included under debtors [and, in the case of format 2, the aggregate amount falling due after more than one year must also be shown].
(6) | Prepayments and accrued income |
(Formats 1 and 2, item D.)
This item may alternatively be included under item C.II.3 in Format 1 or 2.
(Format 1, items E.4, H.4 and J and Format 2, items C.4 and D.)
There must be shown separately—
(a)the amount of any convertible loans, and
(b)the amount for creditors in respect of taxation and social security.
Payments received on account of orders must be included in so far as they are not shown as deductions from stocks.
In Format 1, accruals and deferred income may be shown under item J or included under item E.4 or H.4, or both (as the case may require). In Format 2, accruals and deferred income may be shown under item D or within item C.4 under Liabilities.
(8) | Net current assets (liabilities) |
(Format 1, item F.)
In determining the amount to be shown under this item any prepayments and accrued income must be taken into account wherever shown.
(9) | Called up share capital |
(Format 1, item K.I and Format 2, Liabilities item A.I.)
The amount of allotted share capital and the amount of called up share capital which has been paid up must be shown separately.
(Format 2, Liabilities items C.1 to 4.)
Amounts falling due within one year and after one year must be shown separately for each of these items and for the aggregate of all of these items ....
Profit and loss account formats |
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Format 1 |
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(see note (14) below) |
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| 1. | Turnover |
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| 2. | Cost of sales (11) |
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| 3. | Gross profit or loss |
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| 4. | Distribution costs (11) |
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| 5. | Administrative expenses (11) |
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| 6. | Other operating income |
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| 7. | Income from shares in group undertakings |
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| 8. | Income from participating interests |
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| 9. | Income from other fixed asset investments (12) |
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| 10. | Other interest receivable and similar income (12) |
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| 11. | Amounts written off investments |
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| 12. | Interest payable and similar [expenses ] (13) |
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| 13. | Tax on profit or loss ... |
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| 14. | Profit or loss ... after taxation |
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| 15. | . . . |
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| 16. | . . . |
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| 17. | . . . |
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| 18. | . . . |
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| 19. | Other taxes not shown under the above items |
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| 20. | Profit or loss for the financial year |
Profit and loss account formats |
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Format 2 |
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| 1. | Turnover |
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| 2. | Change in stocks of finished goods and in work in progress |
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| 3. | Own work capitalised |
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| 4. | Other operating income |
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| 5. | (a) | Raw materials and consumables |
| | (b) | Other external charges |
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| 6. | Staff costs |
| | (a) | wages and salaries |
| | (b) | social security costs |
| | (c) | other pension costs |
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| 7. | (a) | Depreciation and other amounts written off tangible and intangible fixed assets |
| | (b) | [Amounts written off current assets, to the extent that they exceed write-offs which are normal in the undertaking concerned] |
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| 8. | Other operating [expenses ] |
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| 9. | Income from shares in group undertakings |
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| 10. | Income from participating interests |
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| 11. | Income from other fixed asset investments (12) |
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| 12. | Other interest receivable and similar income (12) |
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| 13. | Amounts written off investments |
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| 14. | Interest payable and similar [expenses] (13) |
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| 15. | Tax on profit or loss ... |
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| 16. | Profit or loss ... after taxation |
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| 17. | . . . |
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| 18. | . . . |
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| 19. | . . . |
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| 20. | . . . |
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| 21. | Other taxes not shown under the above items |
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| 22. | Profit or loss for the financial year |
Profit and loss account formats |
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Format 3 |
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... |
Profit and loss account formats |
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Format 4 |
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... |
Notes on the profit and loss account formats |
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(11) | Cost of sales: distribution costs: administrative expenses |
(Format 1, items 2, 4 and 5 ....)
These items must be stated after taking into account any necessary provisions for depreciation or diminution in value of assets.
(12) | Income from other fixed asset investments: other interest receivable and similar income |
(Format 1, items 9 and 10; Format 2, items 11 and 12; ....)
Income and interest derived from group undertakings must be shown separately from income and interest derived from other sources.
(13) | Interest payable and similar [expenses] |
(Format 1, item 12; Format 2, item 14; ....)
The amount payable to group undertakings must be shown separately.
...
[SECTION CU.K.THE REQUIRED FORMATS FOR THE ACCOUNTS OF MICRO-ENTITIES
Balance Sheet FormatsU.K.Format 1
A Called up share capital not paid
B Fixed assets
C Current assets
D Prepayments and accrued income
E Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
F Net current assets (liabilities)
G Total assets less current liabilities
H Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
I Provisions for liabilities
J Accruals and deferred income
K Capital and reserves
Format 2U.K.
ASSETS
A Called up share capital not paid
B Fixed assets
C Current Assets
D Prepayments and accrued income
[CAPITAL, RESERVES AND LIABILITIES]
A Capital and reserves
B Provisions for liabilities
C Creditors (1)
D Accruals and deferred income
Notes on the balance sheet formats
(1) Creditors
(Format 2, item C under Liabilities)
Aggregate amounts falling due within one year and after one year must be shown separately.
Profit and loss account formatU.K.
A Turnover
B Other income
C Cost of raw materials and consumables
D Staff costs
E Depreciation and other amounts written off assets
F Other charges
G Tax
H Profit or loss]