The Large and Medium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008

Regulation 3(1)

SCHEDULE 1 U.K. COMPANIES ACT INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS: COMPANIES WHICH ARE NOT BANKING OR INSURANCE COMPANIES

PART 1 U.K. GENERAL RULES AND FORMATS

SECTION A U.K. GENERAL RULES

1.—(1) Subject to the following provisions of this Schedule— U.K.

(a) every balance sheet of a company must show the items listed in either of the balance sheet formats in Section B of this Part, and

(b) every profit and loss account must show the items listed in [F1 either] of the profit and loss account formats in Section B.

(2) References in this Schedule to the items listed in any of the formats in Section B are to those items read together with any of the notes following the formats which apply to those items.

(3) [F2 Subject to paragraph 1A,] the items must be shown in the order and under the headings and sub-headings given in the particular format used, but—

(a) the notes to the formats may permit alternative positions for any particular items, and

(b) the heading or sub-heading for any item does not have to be distinguished by any letter or number assigned to that item in the format used.

Textual Amendments

F1 Word in Sch. 1 para. 1(1)(b) substituted (6.4.2015) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(2)(a) (with reg. 3)

F2 Words in Sch. 1 para. 1(3) inserted (6.4.2015) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(2)(b) (with reg. 3)

[F3 1A.— (1) The company's directors may adapt one of the balance sheet formats in Section B so to distinguish between current and non-current items in a different way, provided that— U.K.

(a) the information given is at least equivalent to that which would have been required by the use of such format had it not been thus adapted, and

(b) the presentation of those items is in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles or practice.

(2) The company's directors may adapt one of the profit and loss account formats in Section B, provided that—

(a) the information given is at least equivalent to that which would have been required by the use of such format had it not been thus adapted, and

(b) the presentation is in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles or practice.

(3) So far as is practicable, the following provisions of Section A of this Part of this Schedule apply to the balance sheet or profit or loss account of a company notwithstanding any such adaptation pursuant to this paragraph.]

Textual Amendments

F3 Sch. 1 para. 1A inserted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(2)(c) (with reg. 3)

2.—(1) Where in accordance with paragraph 1 a company's balance sheet or profit and loss account for any financial year has been prepared by reference to one of the formats in Section B, the company's directors must use the same format in preparing Companies Act individual accounts for subsequent financial years, unless in their opinion there are special reasons for a change. U.K.

(2) Particulars of any such change must be given in a note to the accounts in which the new format is first used, and the reasons for the change must be explained.

3.—(1) Any item required to be shown in a company's balance sheet or profit and loss account may be shown in greater detail than required by the particular format used. U.K.

(2) The balance sheet or profit and loss account may include an item representing or covering the amount of any asset or liability, income or expenditure not otherwise covered by any of the items listed in the format used, save that none of the following may be treated as assets in any balance sheet—

(a) preliminary expenses,

(b) expenses of, and commission on, any issue of shares or debentures, and

(c) costs of research.

4.—(1) Where the special nature of the company's business requires it, the company's directors must adapt the arrangement, headings and sub-headings otherwise required in respect of items given an Arabic number in the balance sheet or profit and loss account format used. U.K.

(2) The directors may combine items to which Arabic numbers are given in any of the formats in Section B if—

(a) their individual amounts are not material to assessing the state of affairs or profit or loss of the company for the financial year in question, or

(b) the combination facilitates that assessment.

(3) Where sub-paragraph (2)(b) applies, the individual amounts of any items which have been combined must be disclosed in a note to the accounts.

5.—(1) Subject to sub-paragraph (2), the directors must not include a heading or sub-heading corresponding to an item in the balance sheet or profit and loss account format used if there is no amount to be shown for that item for the financial year to which the balance sheet or profit and loss account relates. U.K.

(2) Where an amount can be shown for the item in question for the immediately preceding financial year that amount must be shown under the heading or sub-heading required by the format for that item.

6.  Every profit and loss account must show the amount of a company's profit or loss F4 ...before taxation. U.K.

Textual Amendments

F4 Words in Sch. 1 para. 6 omitted (6.4.2015) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(2)(d) (with reg. 3)

7.—(1) For every item shown in the balance sheet or profit and loss account the corresponding amount for the immediately preceding financial year must also be shown. U.K.

(2) Where that corresponding amount is not comparable with the amount to be shown for the item in question in respect of the financial year to which the balance sheet or profit and loss account relates, the former amount may be adjusted, and particulars of the non-comparability and of any adjustment must be disclosed in a note to the accounts.

8.  Amounts in respect of items representing assets or income may not be set off against amounts in respect of items representing liabilities or expenditure (as the case may be), or vice versa. U.K.

9.  The company's directors must, in determining how amounts are presented within items in the profit and loss account and balance sheet, have regard to the substance of the reported transaction or arrangement, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles or practice. U.K.

[F5 9A.   Where an asset or liability relates to more than one item in the balance sheet, the relationship of such asset or liability to the relevant items must be disclosed either under those items or in the notes to the accounts.] U.K.

Textual Amendments

F5 Sch. 1 para. 9A inserted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(2)(e) (with reg. 3)

SECTION B U.K. THE REQUIRED FORMATS FOR ACCOUNTSM1

Marginal Citations

M1 A number in brackets following any item is a reference to the note of that number in the notes following the formats.

Balance sheet formats U.K. Format 1

A.

Called up share capital not paid (1)

B.

Fixed assets

I.

Intangible assets

1.

Development costs

2.

Concessions, patents, licences, trade marks and similar rights and assets (2)

3.

Goodwill (3)

4.

Payments on account

II.

Tangible assets

1.

Land and buildings

2.

Plant and machinery

3.

Fixtures, fittings, tools and equipment

4.

Payments on account and assets in course of construction

III.

Investments

1.

Shares in group undertakings

2.

Loans to group undertakings

3.

Participating interests

4.

Loans to undertakings in which the company has a participating interest

5.

Other investments other than loans

6.

Other loans

7.

Own shares (4)

C.

Current assets

I.

Stocks

1.

Raw materials and consumables

2.

Work in progress

3.

Finished goods and goods for resale

4.

Payments on account

II.

Debtors (5)

1.

Trade debtors

2.

Amounts owed by group undertakings

3.

Amounts owed by undertakings in which the company has a participating interest

4.

Other debtors

5.

Called up share capital not paid (1)

6.

Prepayments and accrued income (6)

III.

Investments

1.

Shares in group undertakings

2.

Own shares (4)

3.

Other investments

IV.

Cash at bank and in hand

D.

Prepayments and accrued income (6)

E.

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year

1.

Debenture loans (7)

2.

Bank loans and overdrafts

3.

Payments received on account (8)

4.

Trade creditors

5.

Bills of exchange payable

6.

Amounts owed to group undertakings

7.

Amounts owed to undertakings in which the company has a participating interest

8.

Other creditors including taxation and social security (9)

9.

Accruals and deferred income (10)

F.

Net current assets (liabilities) (11)

G.

Total assets less current liabilities

H.

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year

1.

Debenture loans (7)

2.

Bank loans and overdrafts

3.

Payments received on account (8)

4.

Trade creditors

5.

Bills of exchange payable

6.

Amounts owed to group undertakings

7.

Amounts owed to undertakings in which the company has a participating interest

8.

Other creditors including taxation and social security (9)

9.

Accruals and deferred income (10)

I.

Provisions for liabilities

1.

Pensions and similar obligations

2.

Taxation, including deferred taxation

3.

Other provisions

J.

Accruals and deferred income (10)

K.

Capital and reserves

I.

Called up share capital (12)

II.

Share premium account

III.

Revaluation reserve

IV.

Other reserves

1.

Capital redemption reserve

2.

Reserve for own shares

3.

Reserves provided for by the articles of association

4.

[F6 Other reserves, including the fair value reserve]

V.

Profit and loss account

Textual Amendments

F6 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(a) (with reg. 3)

Balance sheet formats U.K. Format 2

ASSETS

A.

Called up share capital not paid (1)

B.

Fixed assets

I.

Intangible assets

1.

Development costs

2.

Concessions, patents, licences, trade marks and similar rights and assets (2)

3.

Goodwill (3)

4.

Payments on account

II.

Tangible assets

1.

Land and buildings

2.

Plant and machinery

3.

Fixtures, fittings, tools and equipment

4.

Payments on account and assets in course of construction

III.

Investments

1.

Shares in group undertakings

2.

Loans to group undertakings

3.

Participating interests

4.

Loans to undertakings in which the company has a participating interest

5.

Other investments other than loans

6.

Other loans

7.

Own shares (4)

C.

Current assets

I.

Stocks

1.

Raw materials and consumables

2.

Work in progress

3.

Finished goods and goods for resale

4.

Payments on account

II.

Debtors (5)

1.

Trade debtors

2.

Amounts owed by group undertakings

3.

Amounts owed by undertakings in which the company has a participating interest

4.

Other debtors

5.

Called up share capital not paid (1)

6.

Prepayments and accrued income (6)

III.

Investments

1.

Shares in group undertakings

2.

Own shares (4)

3.

Other investments

IV.

Cash at bank and in hand

D.

Prepayments and accrued income (6)

[F7 CAPITAL, RESERVES AND LIABILITIES]

A.

Capital and reserves

I.

Called up share capital (12)

II.

Share premium account

III.

Revaluation reserve

IV.

Other reserves

1.

Capital redemption reserve

2.

Reserve for own shares

3.

Reserves provided for by the articles of association

4.

[F8 Other reserves, including the fair value reserve]

V.

Profit and loss account

B.

Provisions for liabilities

1.

Pensions and similar obligations

2.

Taxation, including deferred taxation

3.

Other provisions

C.

Creditors (13)

1.

Debenture loans (7)

2.

Bank loans and overdrafts

3.

Payments received on account (8)

4.

Trade creditors

5.

Bills of exchange payable

6.

Amounts owed to group undertakings

7.

Amounts owed to undertakings in which the company has a participating interest

8.

Other creditors including taxation and social security (9)

9.

Accruals and deferred income (10)

D.

Accruals and deferred income (10)

Textual Amendments

F7 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(b) (with reg. 3)

F8 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(c) (with reg. 3)

Notes on the balance sheet formats U.K.

(1)

Called up share capital not paid

(Formats 1 and 2, items A and C.II.5.)

This item may be shown in either of the two positions given in formats 1 and 2.

(2)

Concessions, patents, licences, trade marks and similar rights and assets

(Formats 1 and 2, item B.I.2.)

Amounts in respect of assets are only to be included in a company's balance sheet under this item if either—

(a)

the assets were acquired for valuable consideration and are not required to be shown under goodwill, or

(b)

the assets in question were created by the company itself.

(3)

Goodwill

(Formats 1 and 2, item B.I.3.)

Amounts representing goodwill are only to be included to the extent that the goodwill was acquired for valuable consideration.

(4)

Own shares

(Formats 1 and 2, items B.III.7 and C.III.2.)

The nominal value of the shares held must be shown separately.

(5)

Debtors

(Formats 1 and 2, items C.II.1 to 6.)

The amount falling due after more than one year must be shown separately for each item included under debtors.

(6)

Prepayments and accrued income

(Formats 1 and 2, items C.II.6 and D.)

This item may be shown in either of the two positions given in formats 1 and 2.

(7)

Debenture loans

(Format 1, items E.1 and H.1 and format 2, item C.1.)

The amount of any convertible loans must be shown separately.

(8)

Payments received on account

(Format 1, items E.3 and H.3 and format 2, item C.3.)

Payments received on account of orders must be shown for each of these items in so far as they are not shown as deductions from stocks.

(9)

Other creditors including taxation and social security

(Format 1, items E.8 and H.8 and format 2, item C.8.)

The amount for creditors in respect of taxation and social security must be shown separately from the amount for other creditors.

(10)

Other creditors including taxation and social security

(Format 1, items E.9, H.9 and J and format 2, items C.9 and D.)

The two positions given for this item in format 1 at E.9 and H.9 are an alternative to the position at J, but if the item is not shown in a position corresponding to that at J it may be shown in either or both of the other two positions (as the case may require).

The two positions given for this item in format 2 are alternatives.

(11)

Net current assets (liabilities)

(Format 1, item F.)

In determining the amount to be shown for this item any amounts shown under “prepayments and accrued income” must be taken into account wherever shown.

(12)

Net current assets (liabilities)

(Format 1, item K.I and format 2, item A.I.)

The amount of allotted share capital and the amount of called up share capital which has been paid up must be shown separately.

(13)

Creditors

(Format 2, items C.1 to 9.)

Amounts falling due within one year and after one year must be shown separately for each of these items and for the aggregate of all of these items.

Profit and loss account formats M2 U.K. Format 1 (see note (17) below)

Marginal Citations

M2 See regulation 4(3)(a) for exemption for medium-sized companies in accounts delivered to registrar of companies.

1.

Turnover

2.

Cost of sales (14)

3.

Gross profit or loss

4.

Distribution costs (14)

5.

Administrative expenses (14)

6.

Other operating income

7.

Income from shares in group undertakings

8.

Income from participating interests

9.

Income from other fixed asset investments (15)

10.

Other interest receivable and similar income (15)

11.

Amounts written off investments

12.

Interest payable and similar [F9 expenses] (16)

13.

Tax on profit or loss F10 ...

14.

Profit or loss F11 ... after taxation

15.

F12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16.

F12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17.

F12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18.

F12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19.

Other taxes not shown under the above items

20.

Profit or loss for the financial year

Textual Amendments

F9 Word in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(d)(i) (with reg. 3)

F10 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B omitted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(d)(ii) (with reg. 3)

F11 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B omitted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(d)(iii) (with reg. 3)

F12 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B omitted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(d)(iv) (with reg. 3)

Profit and loss account formats M3 U.K. Format 2

Marginal Citations

M3 See regulation 4(3)(a) for exemption for medium-sized companies in accounts delivered to registrar of companies.

1.

Turnover

2.

Change in stocks of finished goods and in work in progress

3.

Own work capitalised

4.

Other operating income

5.

(a)

Raw materials and consumables

(b)

Other external [F13 expenses]

6.

Staff costs

(a)

wages and salaries

(b)

social security costs

(c)

other pension costs

7.

(a)

Depreciation and other amounts written off tangible and intangible fixed assets

(b)

[F14 Amounts written off current assets, to the extent that they exceed write-offs which are normal in the undertaking concerned]

8.

Other operating [F15 expenses]

9.

Income from shares in group undertakings

10.

Income from participating interests

11.

Income from other fixed asset investments (15)

12.

Other interest receivable and similar income (15)

13.

Amounts written off investments

14.

Interest payable and similar [F16 expenses ] (16)

15.

Tax on profit or loss F17 ...

16.

Profit or loss F18 ... after taxation

17.

F19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18.

F19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19.

F19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20.

F19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21.

Other taxes not shown under the above items

22.

Profit or loss for the financial year

Textual Amendments

F13 Word in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(e)(i) (with reg. 3)

F14 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(e)(ii) (with reg. 3)

F15 Word in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(e)(iii) (with reg. 3)

F16 Word in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(e)(iv) (with reg. 3)

F17 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B omitted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(e)(v) (with reg. 3)

F18 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B omitted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(e)(vi) (with reg. 3)

F19 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B omitted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(e)(vii) (with reg. 3)

Profit and loss account formats U.K. Format 3 (see note (17) below)

F20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F20 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B omitted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(f) (with reg. 3)

Profit and loss account formats U.K. Format 4

F21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F21 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B omitted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(g) (with reg. 3)

Notes on the profit and loss account formats U.K.

(14)

Cost of sales: distribution costs: administrative expenses

(Format 1, items 2, 4 and 5 F22 ...)

These items must be stated after taking into account any necessary provisions for depreciation or diminution in value of assets.

(15)

Income from other fixed asset investments: other interest receivable and similar income

(Format 1, items 9 and 10; format 2, items 11 and 12; F23 ...)

Income and interest derived from group undertakings must be shown separately from income and interest derived from other sources.

(16)

Interest payable and similar [F24 expenses]

(Format 1, item 12; format 2, item 14; F25 ...)

The amount payable to group undertakings must be shown separately.

(17)

[F26 Format 1]

The amount of any provisions for depreciation and diminution in value of tangible and intangible fixed assets falling to be shown under [F27 item 7(a) in format 2] must be disclosed in a note to the accounts in any case where the profit and loss account is prepared using format 1 F28 ...

Textual Amendments

F22 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B omitted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(h) (with reg. 3)

F23 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B omitted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(i) (with reg. 3)

F24 Word in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(j) (with reg. 3)

F25 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B omitted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(j) (with reg. 3)

F26 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(k) (with reg. 3)

F27 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(k)(i) (with reg. 3)

F28 Words in Sch. 1 Pt. 1 Section B omitted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 27(3)(k)(ii) (with reg. 3)

PART 2 U.K. ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND RULES

SECTION A U.K. ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES

Preliminary U.K.

10.—(1) The amounts to be included in respect of all items shown in a company's accounts must be determined in accordance with the principles set out in this Section.

(2) But if it appears to the company's directors that there are special reasons for departing from any of those principles in preparing the company's accounts in respect of any financial year they may do so, in which case particulars of the departure, the reasons for it and its effect must be given in a note to the accounts.

Accounting principles U.K.

11.  The company is presumed to be carrying on business as a going concern.

12.  Accounting policies [F29 and measurement bases] must be applied consistently within the same accounts and from one financial year to the next. U.K.

Textual Amendments

F29 Words in Sch. 1 para. 12 inserted (6.4.2015) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(2)(a) (with reg. 3)

13.  The amount of any item must be determined on a prudent basis, and in particular— U.K.

(a) only profits realised at the balance sheet date are to be included in the profit and loss account, F30 ...

(b) all liabilities which have arisen in respect of the financial year to which the accounts relate or a previous financial year must be taken into account, including those which only become apparent between the balance sheet date and the date on which it is signed on behalf of the board of directors in accordance with section 414 of the 2006 Act (approval and signing of accounts), [F31 and]

[F32 (c) all provisions for diminution of value must be recognised, whether the result of the financial year is a profit or a loss.]

Textual Amendments

F30 Word in Sch. 1 para. 13(a) omitted (6.4.2015) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(2)(b)(i) (with reg. 3)

F31 Word in Sch. 1 para. 13(b) inserted (6.4.2015) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(2)(b)(ii) (with reg. 3)

F32 Sch. 1 para. 13(c) inserted (6.4.2015) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(2)(b)(iii) (with reg. 3)

14.  All income and charges relating to the financial year to which the accounts relate must be taken into account, without regard to the date of receipt or payment. U.K.

15.  In determining the aggregate amount of any item, the amount of each individual asset or liability that falls to be taken into account must be determined separately. U.K.

[F33 15A.   The opening balance sheet for each financial year shall correspond to the closing balance sheet for the preceding financial year.] U.K.

Textual Amendments

F33 Sch. 1 para. 15A inserted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(2)(c) (with reg. 3)

SECTION B U.K. HISTORICAL COST ACCOUNTING RULES

Preliminary U.K.

16.  Subject to Sections C and D of this Part of this Schedule, the amounts to be included in respect of all items shown in a company's accounts must be determined in accordance with the rules set out in this Section.

Fixed assets U.K.

General rules U.K.

17.—(1) The amount to be included in respect of any fixed asset must be its purchase price or production cost.

(2) This is subject to any provision for depreciation or diminution in value made in accordance with paragraphs 18 to 20.

Rules for depreciation and diminution in value U.K.

18.  In the case of any fixed asset which has a limited useful economic life, the amount of—

(a) its purchase price or production cost, or

(b) where it is estimated that any such asset will have a residual value at the end of the period of its useful economic life, its purchase price or production cost less that estimated residual value,

must be reduced by provisions for depreciation calculated to write off that amount systematically over the period of the asset's useful economic life.

19.—(1) Where a fixed asset investment falling to be included under item B.III of either of the balance sheet formats set out in Part 1 of this Schedule has diminished in value, provisions for diminution in value may be made in respect of it and the amount to be included in respect of it may be reduced accordingly. U.K.

(2) Provisions for diminution in value must be made in respect of any fixed asset which has diminished in value if the reduction in its value is expected to be permanent (whether its useful economic life is limited or not), and the amount to be included in respect of it must be reduced accordingly.

[F34 (3) Provisions made under sub-paragraph (1) or (2) must be charged to the profit and loss account and disclosed separately in a note to the accounts if not shown separately in the profit and loss account.]

Textual Amendments

F34 Sch. 1 para. 19(3) substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(3)(a) (with reg. 3)

20.—(1) Where the reasons for which any provision was made in accordance with paragraph 19 have ceased to apply to any extent, that provision must be written back to the extent that it is no longer necessary. U.K.

[F35 (1A) But provision made in accordance with paragraph 19(2) in respect of goodwill must not be written back to any extent.]

[F36 (2) Any amounts written back under sub-paragraph (1) must be recognised in the profit and loss account and disclosed separately in a note to the accounts if not shown separately in the profit and loss account.]

Textual Amendments

F35 Sch. 1 para. 20(1A) inserted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)(3) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) (No. 2) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/1672), regs. 2(1), 4(2)

F36 Sch. 1 para. 20(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(3)(b) (with reg. 3)

[F37 Intangible Assets U.K.

21.— (1) Where this is in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles or practice, development costs may be included in “other intangible assets” under “fixed assets” in the balance sheet formats set out in Section B of Part 1 of this Schedule.

(2) If any amount is included in a company's balance sheet in respect of development costs, the note on accounting policies (see paragraph 44 of this Schedule) must include the following information—

(a) the period over which the amount of those costs originally capitalised is being or is to be written off, and

(b) the reasons for capitalising the development costs in question.]

Textual Amendments

F37 Sch. 1 paras. 21, 22 substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(3)(c) (with reg. 3)

[F37 22.— (1) Intangible assets must be written off over the useful economic life of the intangible asset.

(2) Where in exceptional cases the useful life of intangible assets cannot be reliably estimated, such assets must be written off over a period chosen by the directors of the company.

(3) The period referred to in sub-paragraph (2) must not exceed ten years.

(4) There must be disclosed in a note to the accounts the period referred to in sub-paragraph (2) and the reasons for choosing that period.]

Textual Amendments

F37 Sch. 1 paras. 21, 22 substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(3)(c) (with reg. 3)

Current assets U.K.

23.  Subject to paragraph 24, the amount to be included in respect of any current asset must be its purchase price or production cost.

24.—(1) If the net realisable value of any current asset is lower than its purchase price or production cost, the amount to be included in respect of that asset must be the net realisable value.

(2) Where the reasons for which any provision for diminution in value was made in accordance with sub-paragraph (1) have ceased to apply to any extent, that provision must be written back to the extent that it is no longer necessary.

Miscellaneous and supplementary provisions U.K.

Excess of money owed over value received as an asset item U.K.

25.—(1) Where the amount repayable on any debt owed by a company is greater than the value of the consideration received in the transaction giving rise to the debt, the amount of the difference may be treated as an asset.

(2) Where any such amount is so treated—

(a) it must be written off by reasonable amounts each year and must be completely written off before repayment of the debt, and

(b) if the current amount is not shown as a separate item in the company's balance sheet, it must be disclosed in a note to the accounts.

Assets included at a fixed amount U.K.

26.—(1) Subject to sub-paragraph (2) , assets which fall to be included—

(a) amongst the fixed assets of a company under the item “tangible assets”, or

(b) amongst the current assets of a company under the item “raw materials and consumables”,

may be included at a fixed quantity and value.

(2) Sub-paragraph (1) applies to assets of a kind which are constantly being replaced where—

(a) their overall value is not material to assessing the company's state of affairs, and

(b) their quantity, value and composition are not subject to material variation.

Determination of purchase price or production cost U.K.

27.—(1) The purchase price of an asset is to be determined by adding to the actual price paid any expenses incidental to its acquisition [F38 and then subtracting any incidental reductions in the cost of acquisition].

(2) The production cost of an asset is to be determined by adding to the purchase price of the raw materials and consumables used the amount of the costs incurred by the company which are directly attributable to the production of that asset.

(3) In addition, there may be included in the production cost of an asset—

(a) a reasonable proportion of the costs incurred by the company which are only indirectly attributable to the production of that asset, but only to the extent that they relate to the period of production, and

(b) interest on capital borrowed to finance the production of that asset, to the extent that it accrues in respect of the period of production,

provided, however, in a case within paragraph (b), that the inclusion of the interest in determining the cost of that asset and the amount of the interest so included is disclosed in a note to the accounts.

(4) In the case of current assets distribution costs may not be included in production costs.

Textual Amendments

F38 Words in Sch. 1 para. 27(1) added (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(3)(d) (with reg. 3)

28.—(1) The purchase price or production cost of—

(a) any assets which fall to be included under any item shown in a company's balance sheet under the general item “stocks”, and

(b) any assets which are fungible assets (including investments),

may be determined by the application of any of the methods mentioned in sub-paragraph (2) in relation to any such assets of the same class, provided that the method chosen is one which appears to the directors to be appropriate in the circumstances of the company.

(2) Those methods are—

(a) the method known as “first in, first out” (FIFO),

(b) the method known as “last in, first out” (LIFO),

(c) a weighted average price, and

(d) any other method [F39 reflecting generally accepted best practice].

(3) Where in the case of any company—

(a) the purchase price or production cost of assets falling to be included under any item shown in the company's balance sheet has been determined by the application of any method permitted by this paragraph, and

(b) the amount shown in respect of that item differs materially from the relevant alternative amount given below in this paragraph,

the amount of that difference must be disclosed in a note to the accounts.

(4) Subject to sub-paragraph (5), for the purposes of sub-paragraph (3)(b), the relevant alternative amount, in relation to any item shown in a company's balance sheet, is the amount which would have been shown in respect of that item if assets of any class included under that item at an amount determined by any method permitted by this paragraph had instead been included at their replacement cost as at the balance sheet date.

(5) The relevant alternative amount may be determined by reference to the most recent actual purchase price or production cost before the balance sheet date of assets of any class included under the item in question instead of by reference to their replacement cost as at that date, but only if the former appears to the directors of the company to constitute the more appropriate standard of comparison in the case of assets of that class.

Textual Amendments

F39 Words in Sch. 1 para. 28(2)(d) substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(3)(e) (with reg. 3)

Substitution of original stated amount where price or cost unknown U.K.

29.—(1) This paragraph applies where—

(a) there is no record of the purchase price or production cost of any asset of a company or of any price, expenses or costs relevant for determining its purchase price or production cost in accordance with paragraph 27, or

(b) any such record cannot be obtained without unreasonable expense or delay.

(2) In such a case, the purchase price or production cost of the asset must be taken, for the purposes of paragraphs 17 to 24, to be the value ascribed to it in the earliest available record of its value made on or after its acquisition or production by the company.

[F40 Equity method in respect of participating interests U.K.

29A.— (1) Participating interests may be accounted for using the equity method.

(2) If participating interests are accounted for using the equity method—

(a) the proportion of profit or loss attributable to a participating interest and recognised in the profit and loss account may be that proportion which corresponds to the amount of any dividends, and

(b) where the profit attributable to a participating interest and recognised in the profit and loss account exceeds the amount of any dividends, the difference must be placed in a reserve which cannot be distributed to shareholders.

(3) The reference to “dividends” in sub-paragraph (2) includes dividends already paid and those whose payment can be claimed.]

Textual Amendments

F40 Sch. 1 para. 29A inserted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(3)(f) (with reg. 3)

SECTION C U.K. ALTERNATIVE ACCOUNTING RULES

Preliminary U.K.

30.—(1) The rules set out in Section B are referred to below in this Schedule as the historical cost accounting rules.

(2) Those rules, with the omission of paragraphs 16, 22 and 26 to 29, are referred to below in this Part of this Schedule as the depreciation rules; and references below in this Schedule to the historical cost accounting rules do not include the depreciation rules as they apply by virtue of paragraph 33.

31.  Subject to paragraphs 33 to 35, the amounts to be included in respect of assets of any description mentioned in paragraph 32 may be determined on any basis so mentioned.

Alternative accounting rules U.K.

32.—(1) Intangible fixed assets, other than goodwill, may be included at their current cost.

(2) Tangible fixed assets may be included at a market value determined as at the date of their last valuation or at their current cost.

(3) Investments of any description falling to be included under item B III of either of the balance sheet formats set out in Part 1 of this Schedule may be included either—

(a) at a market value determined as at the date of their last valuation, or

(b) at a value determined on any basis which appears to the directors to be appropriate in the circumstances of the company.

But in the latter case particulars of the method of valuation adopted and of the reasons for adopting it must be disclosed in a note to the accounts.

F41 (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F41 (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F41 Sch. 1 para. 32(4)-(5) omitted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(4)(a) (with reg. 3)

Application of the depreciation rules U.K.

33.—(1) Where the value of any asset of a company is determined on any basis mentioned in paragraph 32, that value must be, or (as the case may require) be the starting point for determining, the amount to be included in respect of that asset in the company's accounts, instead of its purchase price or production cost or any value previously so determined for that asset. The depreciation rules apply accordingly in relation to any such asset with the substitution for any reference to its purchase price or production cost of a reference to the value most recently determined for that asset on any basis mentioned in paragraph 32.

(2) The amount of any provision for depreciation required in the case of any fixed asset by paragraphs 18 to 20 as they apply by virtue of sub-paragraph (1) is referred to below in this paragraph as the adjusted amount, and the amount of any provision which would be required by any of those paragraphs in the case of that asset according to the historical cost accounting rules is referred to as the historical cost amount.

(3) Where sub-paragraph (1) applies in the case of any fixed asset the amount of any provision for depreciation in respect of that asset—

(a) included in any item shown in the profit and loss account in respect of amounts written off assets of the description in question, or

(b) taken into account in stating any item so shown which is required by note (14) of the notes on the profit and loss account formats set out in Part 1 of this Schedule to be stated after taking into account any necessary provision for depreciation or diminution in value of assets included under it,

may be the historical cost amount instead of the adjusted amount, provided that the amount of any difference between the two is shown separately in the profit and loss account or in a note to the accounts.

Additional information to be provided in case of departure from historical cost accounting rules U.K.

34.—(1) This paragraph applies where the amounts to be included in respect of assets covered by any items shown in a company's accounts have been determined on any basis mentioned in paragraph 32.

(2) The items affected and the basis of valuation adopted in determining the amounts of the assets in question in the case of each such item must be disclosed in [F42 the note on accounting policies (see paragraph 44 of this Schedule)].

[F43 (3) In the case of each balance sheet item affected, the comparable amounts determined according to the historical cost accounting rules must be shown in a note to the accounts.]

(4) In sub-paragraph (3), references in relation to any item to the comparable amounts determined as there mentioned are references to—

(a) the aggregate amount which would be required to be shown in respect of that item if the amounts to be included in respect of all the assets covered by that item were determined according to the historical cost accounting rules, and

(b) the aggregate amount of the cumulative provisions for depreciation or diminution in value which would be permitted or required in determining those amounts according to those rules.

Textual Amendments

F42 Words in Sch. 1 para. 34(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(4)(b) (with reg. 3)

F43 Sch. 1 para. 34(3) substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(4)(c) (with reg. 3)

Revaluation reserve U.K.

35.—(1) With respect to any determination of the value of an asset of a company on any basis mentioned in paragraph 32, the amount of any profit or loss arising from that determination (after allowing, where appropriate, for any provisions for depreciation or diminution in value made otherwise than by reference to the value so determined and any adjustments of any such provisions made in the light of that determination) must be credited or (as the case may be) debited to a separate reserve (“ the revaluation reserve”).

(2) The amount of the revaluation reserve must be shown in the company's balance sheet under a separate sub-heading in the position given for the item “revaluation reserve” [F44 under “Capital and reserves” ] in format 1 or 2 of the balance sheet formats set out in Part 1 of this ScheduleF45 ....

(3) An amount may be transferred—

(a) from the revaluation reserve—

(i) to the profit and loss account, if the amount was previously charged to that account or represents realised profit, or

(ii) on capitalisation,

(b) to or from the revaluation reserve in respect of the taxation relating to any profit or loss credited or debited to the reserve.

The revaluation reserve must be reduced to the extent that the amounts transferred to it are no longer necessary for the purposes of the valuation method used.

(4) In sub-paragraph (3)(a)(ii) “capitalisation”, in relation to an amount standing to the credit of the revaluation reserve, means applying it in wholly or partly paying up unissued shares in the company to be allotted to members of the company as fully or partly paid shares.

(5) The revaluation reserve must not be reduced except as mentioned in this paragraph.

(6) The treatment for taxation purposes of amounts credited or debited to the revaluation reserve must be disclosed in a note to the accounts.

Textual Amendments

F44 Words in Sch. 1 para. 35(2) inserted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(4)(d)(i) (with reg. 3)

F45 Words in Sch. 1 para. 35(2) omitted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(4)(d)(ii) (with reg. 3)

SECTION D U.K. FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING

Inclusion of financial instruments at fair value U.K.

36.—(1) Subject to sub-paragraphs (2) to (5), financial instruments (including derivatives) may be included at fair value.

(2) Sub-paragraph (1) does not apply to financial instruments that constitute liabilities unless—

(a) they are held as part of a trading portfolio,

(b) they are derivatives, or

(c) they are financial instruments falling within sub-paragraph (4).

(3) Unless they are financial instruments falling within sub-paragraph (4), sub-paragraph (1) does not apply to—

(a) financial instruments (other than derivatives) held to maturity,

(b) loans and receivables originated by the company and not held for trading purposes,

(c) interests in subsidiary undertakings, associated undertakings and joint ventures,

(d) equity instruments issued by the company,

(e) contracts for contingent consideration in a business combination, or

(f) other financial instruments with such special characteristics that the instruments, according to generally accepted accounting principles or practice, should be accounted for differently from other financial instruments.

[F46 (4) Financial instruments which under [F47 UK-adopted international accounting standards] may be included in accounts at fair value, may be so included, provided that the disclosures required by such accounting standards are made.]

(5) If the fair value of a financial instrument cannot be determined reliably in accordance with paragraph 37, sub-paragraph (1) does not apply to that financial instrument.

(6) In this paragraph—

“associated undertaking” has the meaning given by paragraph 19 of Schedule 6 to these Regulations;

“joint venture” has the meaning given by paragraph 18 of that Schedule.

Textual Amendments

F46 Sch. 1 para. 36(4) substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(5)(a) (with reg. 3)

F47 Words in Sch. 1 para. 36(4) substituted (31.12.2020) by The International Accounting Standards and European Public Limited-Liability Company (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/685), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 57(2)(a) (with reg. 1(3)(4)) (as amended by S.I. 2020/523, regs. 1(2), 22); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Determination of fair value U.K.

37.—(1) The fair value of a financial instrument is its value determined in accordance with this paragraph.

(2) If a reliable market can readily be identified for the financial instrument, its fair value is determined by reference to its market value.

(3) If a reliable market cannot readily be identified for the financial instrument but can be identified for its components or for a similar instrument, its fair value is determined by reference to the market value of its components or of the similar instrument.

(4) If neither sub-paragraph (2) nor (3) applies, the fair value of the financial instrument is a value resulting from generally accepted valuation models and techniques.

(5) Any valuation models and techniques used for the purposes of sub-paragraph (4) must ensure a reasonable approximation of the market value.

Hedged items U.K.

38.  A company may include any assets and liabilities, or identified portions of such assets or liabilities, that qualify as hedged items under a fair value hedge accounting system at the amount required under that system.

Other assets that may be included at fair value U.K.

[F48 39.— (1) This paragraph applies to—

(a) stocks,

(b) investment property, and

(c) living animals and plants.

(2) Such stocks, investment property, and living animals and plants may be included at fair value, provided that, as the case may be, all such stocks, investment property, and living animals and plants are so included where their fair value can reliably be determined.

(3) In this paragraph, “fair value” means fair value determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles or practice.]

Textual Amendments

F48 Sch. 1 para. 39 substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 28(5)(b) (with reg. 3)

Accounting for changes in value U.K.

40.—(1) This paragraph applies where a financial instrument is valued in accordance with paragraph 36 or 38 or an asset is valued in accordance with paragraph 39.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph 13 in this Part of this Schedule, and subject to sub-paragraphs (3) and (4), a change in the value of the financial instrument or of the investment property or living animal or plant must be included in the profit and loss account.

(3) Where—

(a) the financial instrument accounted for is a hedging instrument under a hedge accounting system that allows some or all of the change in value not to be shown in the profit and loss account, or

(b) the change in value relates to an exchange difference arising on a monetary item that forms part of a company's net investment in a foreign entity,

the amount of the change in value must be credited to or (as the case may be) debited from a separate reserve (“the fair value reserve”).

(4) Where the instrument accounted for—

(a) is an available for sale financial asset, and

(b) is not a derivative,

the change in value may be credited to or (as the case may be) debited from the fair value reserve.

The fair value reserve U.K.

41.—(1) The fair value reserve must be adjusted to the extent that the amounts shown in it are no longer necessary for the purposes of paragraph 40(3) or (4).

(2) The treatment for taxation purposes of amounts credited or debited to the fair value reserve must be disclosed in a note to the accounts.

PART 3 U.K. NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS

Preliminary U.K.

[F49 42.— (1) Any information required in the case of a company by the following provisions of this Part of this Schedule must be given by way of a note to the accounts.

(2) These notes must be presented in the order in which, where relevant, the items to which they relate are presented in the balance sheet and in the profit and loss account.]

Textual Amendments

F49 Sch. 1 para. 42 substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 29(2) (with reg. 3)

General U.K.

Reserves and dividends U.K.

43.  There must be stated—

(a) any amount set aside or proposed to be set aside to, or withdrawn or proposed to be withdrawn from, reserves,

(b) the aggregate amount of dividends paid in the financial year (other than those for which a liability existed at the immediately preceding balance sheet date),

(c) the aggregate amount of dividends that the company is liable to pay at the balance sheet date, and

(d) the aggregate amount of dividends that are proposed before the date of approval of the accounts, and not otherwise disclosed under sub-paragraph (b) or (c).

Disclosure of accounting policies U.K.

44.  The accounting policies adopted by the company in determining the amounts to be included in respect of items shown in the balance sheet and in determining the profit or loss of the company must be stated (including such policies with respect to the depreciation and diminution in value of assets).

45.  It must be stated whether the accounts have been prepared in accordance with applicable accounting standards and particulars of any material departure from those standards and the reasons for it must be given (see regulation 4(2) for exemption for medium-sized companies). U.K.

Information supplementing the balance sheet U.K.

46.  Paragraphs 47 to 64 require information which either supplements the information given with respect to any particular items shown in the balance sheet or is otherwise relevant to assessing the company's state of affairs in the light of the information so given. U.K.

Share capital and debentures U.K.

47.—(1) The following information must be given with respect to the company's share capital—

(a) where shares of more than one class have been allotted, the number and aggregate nominal value of shares of each class allotted, and

(b) where shares are held as treasury shares, the number and aggregate nominal value of the treasury shares and, where shares of more than one class have been allotted, the number and aggregate nominal value of the shares of each class held as treasury shares.

(2) In the case of any part of the allotted share capital that consists of redeemable shares, the following information must be given—

(a) the earliest and latest dates on which the company has power to redeem those shares,

(b) whether those shares must be redeemed in any event or are liable to be redeemed at the option of the company or of the shareholder, and

(c) whether any (and, if so, what) premium is payable on redemption.

48.  If the company has allotted any shares during the financial year, the following information must be given— U.K.

(a) the classes of shares allotted, and

(b) as respects each class of shares, the number allotted, their aggregate nominal value, and the consideration received by the company for the allotment.

49.—(1) With respect to any contingent right to the allotment of shares in the company the following particulars must be given— U.K.

(a) the number, description and amount of the shares in relation to which the right is exercisable,

(b) the period during which it is exercisable, and

(c) the price to be paid for the shares allotted.

(2) In sub-paragraph (1) “contingent right to the allotment of shares” means any option to subscribe for shares and any other right to require the allotment of shares to any person whether arising on the conversion into shares of securities of any other description or otherwise.

50.—(1) If the company has issued any debentures during the financial year to which the accounts relate, the following information must be given— U.K.

(a) the classes of debentures issued, and

(b) as respects each class of debentures, the amount issued and the consideration received by the company for the issue.

(2) Where any of the company's debentures are held by a nominee of or trustee for the company, the nominal amount of the debentures and the amount at which they are stated in the accounting records kept by the company in accordance with section 386 of the 2006 Act (duty to keep accounting records) must be stated.

Fixed assets U.K.

51.—(1) In respect of each item which is or would but for paragraph 4(2)(b) be shown under the general item “fixed assets” in the company's balance sheet the following information must be given—

(a) the appropriate amounts in respect of that item as at the date of the beginning of the financial year and as at the balance sheet date respectively,

(b) the effect on any amount shown in the balance sheet in respect of that item of—

(i) any revision of the amount in respect of any assets included under that item made during that year on any basis mentioned in paragraph 32,

(ii) acquisitions during that year of any assets,

(iii) disposals during that year of any assets, and

(iv) any transfers of assets of the company to and from that item during that year.

(2) The reference in sub-paragraph (1)(a) to the appropriate amounts in respect of any item as at any date there mentioned is a reference to amounts representing the aggregate amounts determined, as at that date, in respect of assets falling to be included under that item on either of the following bases, that is to say—

(a) on the basis of purchase price or production cost (determined in accordance with paragraphs 27 and 28), or

(b) on any basis mentioned in paragraph 32,

(leaving out of account in either case any provisions for depreciation or diminution in value).

(3) In respect of each item within sub-paragraph (1) there must also be stated—

(a) the cumulative amount of provisions for depreciation or diminution in value of assets included under that item as at each date mentioned in sub-paragraph (1)(a),

(b) the amount of any such provisions made in respect of the financial year,

(c) the amount of any adjustments made in respect of any such provisions during that year in consequence of the disposal of any assets, and

(d) the amount of any other adjustments made in respect of any such provisions during that year.

52.  Where any fixed assets of the company (other than listed investments) are included under any item shown in the company's balance sheet at an amount determined on any basis mentioned in paragraph 32, the following information must be given— U.K.

(a) the years (so far as they are known to the directors) in which the assets were severally valued and the several values, and

(b) in the case of assets that have been valued during the financial year, the names of the persons who valued them or particulars of their qualifications for doing so and (whichever is stated) the bases of valuation used by them.

53.  In relation to any amount which is or would but for paragraph 4(2)(b) be shown in respect of the item “land and buildings” in the company's balance sheet there must be stated— U.K.

(a) how much of that amount is ascribable to land of freehold tenure and how much to land of leasehold tenure, and

(b) how much of the amount ascribable to land of leasehold tenure is ascribable to land held on long lease and how much to land held on short lease.

Investments U.K.

54.—(1) In respect of the amount of each item which is or would but for paragraph 4(2)(b) be shown in the company's balance sheet under the general item “investments” (whether as fixed assets or as current assets) there must be stated how much of that amount is ascribable to listed investments.

(2) Where the amount of any listed investments is stated for any item in accordance with sub-paragraph (1), the following amounts must also be stated—

(a) the aggregate market value of those investments where it differs from the amount so stated, and

(b) both the market value and the stock exchange value of any investments of which the former value is, for the purposes of the accounts, taken as being higher than the latter.

Information about fair value of assets and liabilities U.K.

[F50 55.— (1) This paragraph applies where financial instruments or other assets have been valued in accordance with, as appropriate, paragraph 36, 38 or 39.

(2) There must be stated—

(a) the significant assumptions underlying the valuation models and techniques used to determine the fair value of the instruments or other assets,

(b) for each category of financial instrument or other asset, the fair value of the assets in that category and the changes in value—

(i) included directly in the profit and loss account, or

(ii) credited to or (as the case may be) debited from the fair value reserve,

in respect of those assets, and

(c) for each class of derivatives, the extent and nature of the instruments, including significant terms and conditions that may affect the amount, timing and certainty of future cash flows.

(3) Where any amount is transferred to or from the fair value reserve during the financial year, there must be stated in tabular form—

(a) the amount of the reserve as at the date of the beginning of the financial year and as at the balance sheet date respectively,

(b) the amount transferred to or from the reserve during the year, and

(c) the source and application respectively of the amounts so transferred.]

Textual Amendments

F50 Words in Sch. 1 para. 55 substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 29(3) (with reg. 3)

56.  Where the company has derivatives that it has not included at fair value, there must be stated for each class of such derivatives— U.K.

(a) the fair value of the derivatives in that class, if such a value can be determined in accordance with paragraph 37, and

(b) the extent and nature of the derivatives.

57.—(1) This paragraph applies if— U.K.

(a) the company has financial fixed assets that could be included at fair value by virtue of paragraph 36,

(b) the amount at which those items are included under any item in the company's accounts is in excess of their fair value, and

(c) the company has not made provision for diminution in value of those assets in accordance with paragraph 19(1) of this Schedule.

(2) There must be stated—

(a) the amount at which either the individual assets or appropriate groupings of those individual assets are included in the company's accounts,

(b) the fair value of those assets or groupings, and

(c) the reasons for not making a provision for diminution in value of those assets, including the nature of the evidence that provides the basis for the belief that the amount at which they are stated in the accounts will be recovered.

Information where investment property and living animals and plants included at fair value U.K.

58.—(1) This paragraph applies where the amounts to be included in a company's accounts in respect of [F51 stocks,] investment property or living animals and plants have been determined in accordance with paragraph 39.

(2) The balance sheet items affected and the basis of valuation adopted in determining the amounts of the assets in question in the case of each such item must be disclosed in a note to the accounts.

(3) In the case of investment property, for each balance sheet item affected there must be shown, either separately in the balance sheet or in a note to the accounts—

(a) the comparable amounts determined according to the historical cost accounting rules, or

(b) the differences between those amounts and the corresponding amounts actually shown in the balance sheet in respect of that item.

(4) In sub-paragraph (3), references in relation to any item to the comparable amounts determined in accordance with that sub-paragraph are to—

(a) the aggregate amount which would be required to be shown in respect of that item if the amounts to be included in respect of all the assets covered by that item were determined according to the historical cost accounting rules, and

(b) the aggregate amount of the cumulative provisions for depreciation or diminution in value which would be permitted or required in determining those amounts according to those rules.

Textual Amendments

F51 Word in Sch. 1 para. 58(1) inserted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 29(4) (with reg. 3)

Reserves and provisions U.K.

59.—(1) This paragraph applies where any amount is transferred—

(a) to or from any reserves, or

(b) to any provision for liabilities, or

(c) from any provision for liabilities otherwise than for the purpose for which the provision was established,

and the reserves or provisions are or would but for paragraph 4(2)(b) be shown as separate items in the company's balance sheet.

(2) The following information must be given in respect of the aggregate of reserves or provisions included in the same item [F52 in tabular form]—

(a) the amount of the reserves or provisions as at the date of the beginning of the financial year and as at the balance sheet date respectively,

(b) any amounts transferred to or from the reserves or provisions during that year, and

(c) the source and application respectively of any amounts so transferred.

(3) Particulars must be given of each provision included in the item “other provisions” in the company's balance sheet in any case where the amount of that provision is material.

Textual Amendments

F52 Words in Sch. 1 para. 59(2) inserted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 29(5) (with reg. 3)

Provision for taxation U.K.

60.  The amount of any provision for deferred taxation must be stated separately from the amount of any provision for other taxation.

Details of indebtedness U.K.

61.—(1) For the aggregate of all items shown under “creditors” in the company's balance sheet there must be stated the aggregate of the following amounts—

(a) the amount of any debts included under “creditors” which are payable or repayable otherwise than by instalments and fall due for payment or repayment after the end of the period of five years beginning with the day next following the end of the financial year, and

(b) in the case of any debts so included which are payable or repayable by instalments, the amount of any instalments which fall due for payment after the end of that period.

(2) Subject to sub-paragraph (3), in relation to each debt falling to be taken into account under sub-paragraph (1), the terms of payment or repayment and the rate of any interest payable on the debt must be stated.

(3) If the number of debts is such that, in the opinion of the directors, compliance with sub-paragraph (2) would result in a statement of excessive length, it is sufficient to give a general indication of the terms of payment or repayment and the rates of any interest payable on the debts.

(4) In respect of each item shown under “creditors” in the company's balance sheet there must be stated—

(a) the aggregate amount of any debts included under that item in respect of which any security has been given by the company, and

(b) an indication of the nature [F53 and form] of the securities so given.

(5) References above in this paragraph to an item shown under “creditors” in the company's balance sheet include references, where amounts falling due to creditors within one year and after more than one year are distinguished in the balance sheet—

(a) in a case within sub-paragraph (1), to an item shown under the latter of those categories, and

(b) in a case within sub-paragraph (4), to an item shown under either of those categories.

References to items shown under “creditors” include references to items which would but for paragraph 4(2)(b) be shown under that heading.

Textual Amendments

F53 Words in Sch. 1 para. 61(4)(b) inserted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 29(6) (with reg. 3)

62.  If any fixed cumulative dividends on the company's shares are in arrear, there must be stated— U.K.

(a) the amount of the arrears, and

(b) the period for which the dividends or, if there is more than one class, each class of them are in arrear.

Guarantees and other financial commitments U.K.

[F54 63.— (1) Particulars must be given of any charge on the assets of the company to secure the liabilities of any other person including the amount secured.

(2) Particulars and the total amount of any financial commitments, guarantees and contingencies that are not included in the balance sheet must be disclosed.

(3) An indication of the nature and form of any valuable security given by the company in respect of commitments, guarantees and contingencies within sub-paragraph (2) must be given.

(4) The total amount of any commitments within sub-paragraph (2) concerning pensions must be separately disclosed.

(5) Particulars must be given of pension commitments which are included in the balance sheet.

(6) Where any commitment within sub-paragraph (4) or (5) relates wholly or partly to pensions payable to past directors of the company separate particulars must be given of that commitment.

(7) The total amount of any commitments, guarantees and contingencies within sub-paragraph (2) which are undertaken on behalf of or for the benefit of—

(a) any parent undertaking or fellow subsidiary undertaking of the company,

(b) any subsidiary undertaking of the company, or

(c) any undertaking in which the company has a participating interest

must be separately stated and those within each of paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) must also be stated separately from those within any other of those paragraphs.]

Textual Amendments

F54 Sch. 1 para. 63 substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 29(7) (with reg. 3)

Miscellaneous matters U.K.

64.—(1) Particulars must be given of any case where the purchase price or production cost of any asset is for the first time determined under paragraph 29.

(2) Where any outstanding loans made under the authority of section 682(2)(b), (c) or (d) of the 2006 Act (various cases of financial assistance by a company for purchase of its own shares) are included under any item shown in the company's balance sheet, the aggregate amount of those loans must be disclosed for each item in question.

Information supplementing the profit and loss account U.K.

65.  Paragraphs 66 to 69 require information which either supplements the information given with respect to any particular items shown in the profit and loss account or otherwise provides particulars of income or expenditure of the company or of circumstances affecting the items shown in the profit and loss account (see regulation 3(2) for exemption for companies falling within section 408 of the 2006 Act (individual profit and loss account where group accounts prepared)). U.K.

Separate statement of certain items of income and expenditure U.K.

66.—(1) Subject to sub-paragraph (2), there must be stated the amount of the interest on or any similar charges in respect of bank loans and overdrafts, and loans of any other kind made to the company.

(2) Sub-paragraph (1) does not apply to interest or charges on loans to the company from group undertakings, but, with that exception, it applies to interest or charges on all loans, whether made on the security of debentures or not.

Particulars of tax U.K.

67.—(1) Particulars must be given of any special circumstances which affect liability in respect of taxation of profits, income or capital gains for the financial year or liability in respect of taxation of profits, income or capital gains for succeeding financial years.

(2) The following amounts must be stated—

(a) the amount of the charge for United Kingdom corporation tax,

(b) if that amount would have been greater but for relief from double taxation, the amount which it would have been but for such relief,

(c) the amount of the charge for United Kingdom income tax, and

(d) the amount of the charge for taxation imposed outside the United Kingdom of profits, income and (so far as charged to revenue) capital gains.

[F55 These amounts must be stated separately in respect of each of the amounts which is or would but for paragraph 4(2)(b) be shown under the item “tax on profit or loss” in the profit and loss account.]

Textual Amendments

F55 Words in Sch. 1 para. 67(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 29(8) (with reg. 3)

Particulars of turnover U.K.

68.—(1) If in the course of the financial year the company has carried on business of two or more classes that, in the opinion of the directors, differ substantially from each other, the amount of the turnover attributable to each class must be stated and the class described (see regulation 4(3)(b) for exemption for medium-sized companies in accounts delivered to registrar).

(2) If in the course of the financial year the company has supplied markets that, in the opinion of the directors, differ substantially from each other, the amount of the turnover attributable to each such market must also be stated. In this paragraph “market” means a market delimited by geographical bounds.

(3) In analysing for the purposes of this paragraph the source (in terms of business or in terms of market) of turnover, the directors of the company must have regard to the manner in which the company's activities are organised.

(4) For the purposes of this paragraph—

(a) classes of business which, in the opinion of the directors, do not differ substantially from each other must be treated as one class, and

(b) markets which, in the opinion of the directors, do not differ substantially from each other must be treated as one market,

and any amounts properly attributable to one class of business or (as the case may be) to one market which are not material may be included in the amount stated in respect of another.

(5) Where in the opinion of the directors the disclosure of any information required by this paragraph would be seriously prejudicial to the interests of the company, that information need not be disclosed, but the fact that any such information has not been disclosed must be stated.

Miscellaneous matters U.K.

69.—(1) Where any amount relating to any preceding financial year is included in any item in the profit and loss account, the effect must be stated.

[F56 (2) The amount, nature and effect of any individual items of income or expenditure which are of exceptional size or incidence must be stated.]

Textual Amendments

F56 Sch. 1 para. 69(2) substituted for Sch. 1 para. 69(2)(3) (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 29(9) (with reg. 3)

Sums denominated in foreign currencies U.K.

70.  Where any sums originally denominated in foreign currencies have been brought into account under any items shown in the balance sheet format or profit and loss account formats, the basis on which those sums have been translated into sterling (or the currency in which the accounts are drawn up) must be stated.

Dormant companies acting as agents U.K.

71.  Where the directors of a company take advantage of the exemption conferred by section 480 of the 2006 Act (dormant companies: exemption from audit), and the company has during the financial year in question acted as an agent for any person, the fact that it has so acted must be stated.

Related party transactions U.K.

72.—(1) Particulars may be given of transactions which the company has entered into with related parties, and must be given if such transactions are material and have not been concluded under normal market conditions (see [F57 regulation 4(2B) for a modification] for medium-sized companies).

(2) The particulars of transactions required to be disclosed by sub-paragraph (1) must include—

(a) the amount of such transactions,

(b) the nature of the related party relationship, and

(c) other information about the transactions necessary for an understanding of the financial position of the company.

(3) Information about individual transactions may be aggregated according to their nature, except where separate information is necessary for an understanding of the effects of related party transactions on the financial position of the company.

(4) Particulars need not be given of transactions entered into between two or more members of a group, provided that any subsidiary undertaking which is a party to the transaction is wholly-owned by such a member.

(5) In this paragraph, “related party” has the same meaning as in [F58 UK-adopted international accounting standards].

Textual Amendments

F57 Words in Sch. 1 para. 72(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 29(10) (with reg. 3)

F58 Words in Sch. 1 para. 72(5) substituted (31.12.2020) by The International Accounting Standards and European Public Limited-Liability Company (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/685), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 57(2)(b) (with reg. 1(3)(4)) (as amended by S.I. 2020/523, regs. 1(2), 22); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

[F59 Post balance sheet events U.K.

72A.   The nature and financial effect of material events arising after the balance sheet date which are not reflected in the profit and loss account or balance sheet must be stated.]

Textual Amendments

F59 Sch. 1 paras. 72A, 72B inserted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 29(11) (with reg. 3)

[F59 Appropriations U.K.

72B.   Particulars must be given of the proposed appropriation of profit or treatment of loss or, where applicable, particulars of the actual appropriation of the profits or treatment of the losses.]

Textual Amendments

F59 Sch. 1 paras. 72A, 72B inserted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 29(11) (with reg. 3)

PART 4 U.K. SPECIAL PROVISION WHERE COMPANY IS A PARENT COMPANY OR SUBSIDIARY UNDERTAKING

Company's own accounts: guarantees and other financial commitments in favour of group undertakings U.K.

F60 73.  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F60 Sch. 1 Pt. 4 para. 73 omitted (with effect in accordance with reg. 2(2)-(5) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/980), regs. 2(1), 30 (with reg. 3)

PART 5 U.K. SPECIAL PROVISIONS WHERE THE COMPANY IS AN INVESTMENT COMPANY

74.—(1) Paragraph 35 does not apply to the amount of any profit or loss arising from a determination of the value of any investments of an investment company on any basis mentioned in paragraph 32(3). U.K.

(2) Any provisions made by virtue of paragraph 19(1) or (2) in the case of an investment company in respect of any fixed asset investments need not be charged to the company's profit and loss account provided they are either—

(a) charged against any reserve account to which any amount excluded by sub-paragraph (1) from the requirements of paragraph 35 has been credited, or

(b) shown as a separate item in the company's balance sheet under the sub-heading “other reserves”.

(3) For the purposes of this paragraph, as it applies in relation to any company, “fixed asset investment” means any asset falling to be included under any item shown in the company's balance sheet under the subdivision “investments” under the general item “fixed assets”.

75.—(1) Any distribution made by an investment company which reduces the amount of its net assets to less than the aggregate of its called-up share capital and undistributable reserves shall be disclosed in a note to the company's accounts. U.K.

(2) For purposes of this paragraph, a company's net assets are the aggregate of its assets less the aggregate of its liabilities (including any provision for liabilities within paragraph 2 of Schedule 9 to these Regulations that is made in Companies Act accounts and any provision that is made in IAS accounts); and “undistributable reserves” has the meaning given by section 831(4) of the 2006 Act.

(3) A company shall be treated as an investment company for the purposes of this Part of this Schedule in relation to any financial year of the company if—

(a) during the whole of that year it was an investment company as defined by section 833 of the 2006 Act, and

(b) it was not at any time during that year prohibited from making a distribution by virtue of section 832 of the 2006 Act due to either or both of the conditions specified in section 832(5)(a) or (b) (no distribution where capital profits have been distributed etc) not being met.