The Legal Services Act 2007 (The Law Society) (Modification of Functions) Order 2015
In accordance with section 69(2) of that Act, the Order is made following a recommendation made by the Legal Services Board to which was annexed a draft Order in a form not materially different from this Order.
The Legal Services Board has made the recommendation with the consent required by section 70(1) of that Act and after complying with the requirements in section 70(2) to (4) of that Act.
In accordance with section 206(4) and (5) of that Act, a draft of this Order has been approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.
Citation and commencement1.
(1)
This Order may be cited as the Legal Services Act 2007 (The Law Society) (Modification of Functions) Order 2015.
(2)
Save as provided by paragraph (3), this Order comes into force on 6th April 2015.
(3)
Other than for the purpose of making rules, article 3 comes into force on 1st November 2015.
Interpretation2.
In this Order—
“sole solicitor” means a solicitor who is the sole principal in a practice; and
Amendments3.
(1)
The amendments to the 1974 Act and the 1985 Act set out in Schedule 1 shall have effect.
(2)
The amendments to the 2000 Regulations set out in Schedule 2 shall have effect.
(3)
In consequence of the amendments set out in Schedule 1, paragraphs 3, 15, 17(a), (b) and (d)(ii), 22, 30(2)(d), 49(a), (c) and (e), 75(b) and 81(2)(c) of Schedule 16 to the Legal Services Act 2007 are repealed.
Transitional provisions: solicitors4.
(1)
(2)
The Law Society may direct in any case that recognition by virtue of paragraph (1) is to have effect subject to one or more conditions if—
(a)
the case is of a kind prescribed for the purposes of section 9(2F) of the 1985 Act (as amended by this Order) by rules made by the Law Society; and
(b)
the Law Society considers that it is in the public interest to do so.
(3)
A direction by the Law Society in accordance with paragraph (2) only has effect if written notice of it is sent, with reasons, to the sole solicitor concerned—
(a)
at least 28 days before 1st November 2015; or
(b)
if the Law Society is satisfied on reasonable grounds that it is in the public interest to do so, such shorter period before that date as it may determine.
(4)
A condition under paragraph (2) shall be treated as having been imposed under section 9(2F) of the 1985 Act (as amended by this Order).
(5)
In any case where—
(a)
before 1st November 2015, the Law Society had received an application for a sole solicitor endorsement, and
(b)
immediately before that date, the Law Society had not yet granted (or refused) that application,
then, with effect from that date, that application shall be treated by the Law Society as an application for recognition of the sole solicitor’s practice under section 9 of the 1985 Act (as amended by this Order).
Transitional provisions: registered European lawyers5.
(1)
Article 4 applies in relation to registered European lawyers as it applies in relation to a solicitor, subject to the following modifications—
(a)
a reference to a sole solicitor is to be read as a reference to a sole practitioner; and
(b)
a reference to a sole solicitor endorsement is to be read as a reference to a sole practitioner endorsement.
(2)
In this article “registered European lawyer” has the meaning given by regulation 2 of the 2000 Regulations.
Signed by authority of the Lord Chancellor
SCHEDULE 1AMENDMENTS TO PRIMARY LEGISLATION
PART 1
1.
The 1974 Act is amended in accordance with this Part.
2.
Omit section 1B (restriction on practice as sole solicitor).
3.
4.
5.
6.
(a)
omit subsection (1)(b) (but not the “or” after it); and
(b)
in subsection (4)—
(i)
omit paragraph (b); and
(ii)
omit paragraph (f) (but not the “or” after it).
7.
8.
9.
(a)
in subsection (1) omit “or sole solicitor endorsement”;
(b)
in subsection (6) omit “or from practice as a sole solicitor”; and
(c)
in subsection (8)(b) for “or sole solicitor endorsement shall not be suspended, but that the appellant’s certificate” substitute “shall not be suspended but”.
10.
11.
(a)
omit subsection (1)(ca); and
(b)
in subsection (3B)—
(i)
omit “or sole solicitor endorsements” (in each place); and
(ii)
omit paragraph (f).
12.
“(1B)
Rules under this section must provide that a solicitor may not practise as a sole solicitor unless there is in force in relation to that solicitor’s practice a recognition under section 9 of the Administration of Justice Act 1985.
(1C)
Rules under this section may provide that, for the purposes of the rules, this Act and the Administration of Justice Act 1985, a solicitor is not to be regarded as practising as a sole solicitor in such circumstances as may be prescribed by the rules.”.
13.
(a)
subsection (1)(ea); and
(b)
subsection (2)(ba), (bb) and (ea).
14.
(a)
at the end of the definition of “sole solicitor” insert “(other than an incorporated practice)”; and
(b)
omit the definition of “sole solicitor endorsement”.
15.
PART 2
16.
The 1985 Act is amended in accordance with this Part.
17.
For the cross-heading before section 9 (“Incorporated practices”) substitute “Legal services bodies and sole solicitors’ practices”.
18.
(1)
Section 9 (incorporated practices) is amended as follows.
(2)
For the heading (“Incorporated practices”) substitute “Recognition of legal services bodies and of sole solicitors’ practices”.
(3)
In subsection (1)—
(a)
“(b)
prescribing the circumstances in which—
(i)
legal services bodies may be recognised by the Society as being suitable bodies to undertake the provision of any solicitor services or other relevant legal services; and
(ii)
sole solicitors’ practices may be recognised by the Society as being suitable to undertake the provision of any such services;”;
(b)
in paragraph (c), after “bodies” insert “and sole solicitors’ practices”; and
(c)
in paragraph (d), after “bodies” insert “and sole solicitors’ practices”.
(4)
In subsection (1A), after “recognised bodies” insert “and recognised sole solicitors’ practices”.
(5)
In subsection (1B)(b), after “a recognised body,” insert “or are employees in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice,”.
(6)
In subsection (2)—
(a)
in paragraph (ab), for “or descriptions of recognised body” substitute “recognised sole solicitors’ practices, or descriptions of such bodies or practices”;
(b)
in paragraph (b), after “recognised bodies” insert “or recognised sole solicitors’ practices;
(c)
in paragraph (e), after “another body” insert “, or a sole solicitor’s practice,”;
(d)
“(eza)
about the effect on the recognition of a sole solicitor’s practice where the sole solicitor ceases to practise as a sole principal and—
(i)
another sole solicitor succeeds that sole solicitor as sole principal in the practice; or
(ii)
a body or another sole solicitor succeeds to the whole or substantially the whole of the practice’s business;”;
(e)
in paragraph (ea)—
(i)
after “bodies” insert “and sole solicitors’ practices”; and
(ii)
for “those bodies” substitute “them”;
(f)
in paragraph (f), after “recognised bodies” insert “or recognised sole solicitors’ practices”;
(g)
in paragraphs (fa) and (fb), after “recognised bodies” (in each place) insert “or employees in recognised sole solicitors’ practices”;
(h)
“(fd)
requiring the sole solicitor in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice to appoint a person or persons to monitor compliance, by the sole solicitor and the employees in the practice, with requirements imposed on them by or by virtue of this Act, the 1974 Act or any rules applicable to them by virtue of this section or the 1974 Act;”; and
(i)
in paragraph (h)—
(i)
after “recognised bodies” insert “, or on sole solicitors in relation to recognised sole solicitors’ practices,”; and
(ii)
omit “on such bodies”.
(7)
“(2ZA)
Rules under subsection (2)(fd) may provide that the person appointed under that paragraph may be the sole solicitor.”.
(8)
In subsection (2B)(a), after “body” insert “or sole solicitor’s practice”.
(9)
In subsection (2F), after “a body” insert “or a sole solicitor’s practice”.
(10)
In subsection (2G)—
(a)
after “a body” insert “or a sole solicitor’s practice”; and
(b)
in paragraphs (a) and (b), omit “body’s” (in each place).
(11)
In subsection (2H)—
(a)
in paragraph (a)—
(i)
after “conditions requiring the body” insert “, or the sole solicitor,”; and
(ii)
omit “by the body”; and
(b)
in paragraph (b), after “the body” insert “, or the sole solicitor,”.
(12)
In subsection (5)—
(a)
after “any body” insert “or sole solicitor’s practice”; and
(b)
for “a recognised body” substitute “recognised under this section”.
(13)
In subsection (6)—
(a)
for “recognised bodies and” substitute “recognised bodies,”; and
(b)
after “such bodies” insert “, and with respect to matters relating to recognised sole solicitors’ practices”.
(14)
In subsection (8)—
(a)
“references to employment in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice are references to employment by a sole solicitor for the purposes of a practice recognised under this section;”
(b)
““recognised sole solicitor’s practice” means a sole solicitor’s practice for the time being recognised under this section;”; and
(c)
““sole solicitor” has the meaning given by section 87(1) of the 1974 Act;”.
19.
“Penalty for sole solicitor pretending that practice is recognised10A.
(1)
A sole solicitor shall not describe or hold out the sole solicitor’s practice as a practice for the time being recognised under section 9 unless it is so recognised.
(2)
Any person who contravenes subsection (1) is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.
(3)
In this section “sole solicitor” has the same meaning as in section 9.”.
20.
(1)
Schedule 2 (legal services practices: supplementary provisions) is amended as follows.
(2)
(a)
in sub-paragraphs (1) and (2)—
(i)
after “recognised body” (in each place) insert “or a recognised sole solicitor’s practice”; and
(ii)
after “to a body” (in each place) insert “or sole solicitor’s practice”;
(b)
in sub-paragraph (2A), after “recognised body,” insert “or to an employee in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice,”;
(c)
“(2B)
In this Schedule references to employment in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice have the same meaning as in section 9.”; and
(d)
in sub-paragraph (4)—
(i)
after “shall apply” insert “for the purposes of this Schedule; and”;
(ii)
in paragraph (a), for “this Schedule” substitute “any provision of this Schedule in so far as it has effect in relation to a recognised body”; and
(iii)
before “as if” insert “they shall apply”.
(3)
(a)
“(1A)
A sole solicitor may appeal to the High Court against—
(a)
a decision to refuse an application for recognition of the solicitor’s practice under section 9;
(b)
a decision to impose a condition under subsection (2F) of that section on the recognition of the solicitor’s practice under that section; and
(c)
a decision to impose a condition under subsection (2G) of that section on the recognition of the solicitor’s practice under that section.”;
(b)
“(2A)
Where the recognition of a recognised sole solicitor’s practice is subject to a condition within section 9(2H)(b), the sole solicitor may appeal to the High Court against any decision by the Society to refuse to approve the taking of any step for the purposes of that condition.”;
(c)
in sub-paragraph (4)—
(i)
after “(1)(a) or (b)” insert “or (1A)(a) or (b)”; and
(ii)
after “the body” (in each place) insert “or sole solicitor’s practice”;
(d)
in sub-paragraph (5)—
(i)
after “sub-paragraph (1)(c)” insert “or (1A)(c)”; and
(ii)
omit “body’s”; and
(e)
in sub-paragraph (6), after “sub-paragraph (2)” insert “or (2A)”.
(4)
“14ZA.
(1)
The Society may give a notice under this paragraph if it is satisfied that it is necessary to do so for the purpose of investigating whether a recognised sole solicitor’s practice continues to be suitable to be recognised under section 9.
(2)
A notice under this paragraph is a notice which requires a person within sub-paragraph (3)—
(a)
to provide information, or information of a description, specified in the notice, or
(b)
to produce documents, or documents of a description, specified in the notice.
(3)
The persons are—
(a)
the sole solicitor; and
(b)
an employee in the recognised sole solicitor’s practice.
(4)
For the purposes of this paragraph, section 44B(4) to (7) of the 1974 Act applies—
(a)
in relation to a notice under this paragraph as if it were a notice under section 44B of that Act, and
(b)
in relation to a person given a notice under this paragraph as if that person were a person given a notice under that section,
and references in subsections (6) and (7) of that section to powers conferred by that section are to be read as references to powers conferred by this paragraph.
(5)
Where powers conferred by Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the 1974 Act are exercisable in relation to a person within paragraph (a) or (b) of sub-paragraph (3), they continue to be so exercisable after the person has ceased to be a person within the paragraph in question.
(6)
Section 44BA of the 1974 Act (power to require explanation of document or information) applies in relation to a notice under this paragraph and the person to whom such a notice is given as it applies in relation to a notice under section 44B of the 1974 Act and the person to whom such a notice is given.
(7)
Subsection (1) of section 44BC of that Act (falsification of documents etc) applies in relation to an investigation of the kind mentioned in sub-paragraph (1) as it applies in relation to the investigations mentioned in that subsection, and subsections (2), (4) and (5) of that section apply accordingly.
(8)
Subsection (3) of that section (provision of false information etc) applies in relation to a requirement imposed under this paragraph as it applies in relation to a requirement imposed by section 44B of that Act, and subsections (4) and (5) of that section apply accordingly.”.
(5)
(a)
in sub-paragraph (1) after “discipline investigation” insert “or by the sole solicitor in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice which is subject to a discipline investigation”;
(b)
in sub-paragraph (2)—
(i)
after “recognised body” insert “, or by a sole solicitor, or any employee, in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice,”; and
(ii)
for “any rules applicable to it” substitute “any rules applicable to them”; and
(c)
in sub-paragraph (4)—
(i)
after “which a recognised body” insert “or a sole solicitor”; and
(ii)
after “from the recognised body” insert “or from that sole solicitor”.
(6)
“(1)
This paragraph applies where the Society is satisfied that—
(a)
a recognised body, or a manager or employee of a recognised body, or
(b)
a sole solicitor, or any employee, in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice,
has failed to comply with a requirement imposed by or by virtue of this Act or any rules applicable to that person by virtue of section 9 of this Act.”.
(7)
(8)
In the heading before paragraph 16, at the end insert “and recognised sole solicitors’ practices”.
(9)
“(1B)
The Tribunal has jurisdiction to hear and determine any of the following complaints made to it under this paragraph with respect to the sole solicitor, or an employee, in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice (“the relevant person”)—
(a)
a complaint that the relevant person has been convicted by any court of a criminal offence which renders that person unsuitable to be the sole solicitor, or an employee, in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice (or both);
(b)
a complaint that the relevant person has failed to comply with any requirement imposed by or by virtue of this Act or any rules applicable to the relevant person by virtue of section 9 of this Act.”.
(10)
(a)
in paragraph (a), for “or (1A)” substitute “, (1A) or (1B)”; and
(b)
in paragraph (c)—
(i)
after “16(1A)” insert “or (1B)”; and
(ii)
after “such a body” insert “or (as the case may be) to an employee in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice”.
(11)
(a)
in sub-paragraph (1)—
(i)
after “under paragraph 16(1A)” insert “or (1B)”;
(ii)
after “the Tribunal is satisfied that a manager or employee of a recognised body” insert “, or the sole solicitor, or an employee, in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice”;
(iii)
in paragraph (a), after “as mentioned in paragraph (a) of paragraph 16(1A)” insert “or (as the case may be) paragraph (a) of paragraph 16(1B)”; and
(iv)
in paragraph (c), at the beginning insert “(in the case of a manager or employee of a recognised body)”; and
(b)
“(za)
in the case of a complaint relating to a sole solicitor, or an employee, in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice, an order revoking the recognition under section 9 of this Act of the sole solicitor’s practice;”.
(12)
“(1A)
Where the Tribunal makes any such order as is referred to in section 47(2A) of the 1974 Act in the case of a solicitor who is an employee in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice, the Tribunal may, if it thinks fit, order that any solicitor who is for the time being the sole solicitor in that practice shall be excluded (either permanently or for a specified period) from criminal legal aid work (as defined in that section).”.
(13)
(a)
in sub-paragraph (1)—
(i)
in paragraph (a), after “recognised body” insert “or of the sole solicitor in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice”;
(ii)
in paragraph (b)—
(aa)
after “recognised body” insert “, or of the sole solicitor in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice,”; and
(bb)
after “that such a manager” insert “or sole solicitor”;
(iii)
“or
(d)
any such order as is mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b) is made in the case of a person employed in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice and the act or omission constituting the ground on which the order was made was instigated or connived at by the sole solicitor, or, if the act or omission was a continuing act or omission, the sole solicitor had or reasonably ought to have had knowledge of its continuance,”; and
(iv)
after “an application made with respect to the recognised body” insert “or the recognised sole solicitor’s practice”;
(b)
in sub-paragraph (3)—
(i)
after “recognised body” insert “, or to a sole solicitor in a recognised sole solicitor’s practice,”; and
(ii)
after “of the body” insert “, or the sole solicitor in the practice,”; and
(c)
in sub-paragraph (4), after “recognised body” insert “, or in a sole solicitor’s practice,”.
(14)
(a)
“(da)
the Society considers that there has been undue delay on the part of the personal representatives of a deceased solicitor who immediately before death was practising as the sole principal of a recognised body in connection with the recognised body’s business or in connection with any trust; or
(db)
the Society is satisfied that a solicitor practising as the sole principal of a recognised body is incapacitated by illness, injury or accident to such an extent as to be unable to attend to the solicitor’s practice or to the recognised body’s business; or”.
(15)
“32A.
On the death of a solicitor practising as the sole principal of a recognised body, paragraphs 6 to 8 of Schedule 1 to the 1974 Act shall apply to the client accounts of the recognised body.”.
(16)
(a)
in paragraph (a), after “paragraph 32,” insert “32A,”; and
(b)
“(ba)
any reference to paragraph 2 of that Schedule shall be construed as including a reference to paragraph 32A of this Schedule;”.
SCHEDULE 2AMENDMENTS TO SECONDARY LEGISLATION
1.
The 2000 Regulations are amended in accordance with this Schedule.
2.
““sole practitioner” means a registered European lawyer who is the sole principal in a practice (other than an incorporated practice);”.
3.
(a)
“(4)
For the purpose of making rules under section 31 of the Solicitors Act 1974 and section 9 of the Administration of Justice Act 1985 by virtue of sub-paragraph (3)—
(a)
a reference to a sole solicitor is to be read as a reference to a sole practitioner; and
(b)
a reference to a recognised sole solicitor’s practice is to be read as a reference to a recognised sole practitioner’s practice (that is, to a sole practitioner’s practice for the time being recognised under section 9).”;
(b)
in paragraph 7—
(i)
in sub-paragraph (1), omit—
(aa)
“1B,”;
(bb)
“13ZA, 13ZB,”; and
(cc)
“17A, 17B,”; and
(ii)
omit sub-paragraph (1A)(b);
(c)
in paragraph 24—
(i)
in sub-paragraph (1)—
(aa)
after “The provisions of sections” insert “9(2F) to (2H) and (5), 10A,”; and
(bb)
“and for this purpose—
(a)
the reference to a sole solicitor in sections 9 and 10A is to be read as a reference to a sole practitioner; and
(b)
the reference to a person’s solicitor in section 40(1) is to be read as a reference to a registered European lawyer acting for a person.”; and
(ii)
“(2)
The provisions of Schedule 2 to that Act apply to registered European lawyers as they apply to solicitors, and for that purpose—
(a)
reference to a sole solicitor is to be read as a reference to a sole practitioner;
(b)
reference to a recognised sole solicitor’s practice is to be read as a reference to a recognised sole practitioner’s practice (that is, to a sole practitioner’s practice for the time being recognised under section 9 of the 1985 Act);
(c)
reference to the roll is to be read as a reference to the register of European lawyers, and accordingly—
(i)
reference to a solicitor being suspended from practice is to be read as a reference to a European lawyer’s registration being suspended; and
(ii)
reference to a solicitor being struck off the roll is to be read as a reference to a European lawyer being struck off the register of European lawyers; and
(d)
reference to a person who is not a solicitor is to be read as a reference to a person who is neither a solicitor nor a registered European lawyer.”; and
(d)
in the Table—
(i)
omit the whole of the entries for section 1B; section 9(2); section 10(4)(a); section 10A(2)(b); section 13(1)(b), (4)(b) and (f); section 13ZA(1); section 13ZA(1), (2), (5) and (8)(b); section 13ZA(3); section 13ZA(2), (5), (6)(b) and (8)(c); section 13ZB and section 13A(2)(a);
(ii)
in the entry for section 13B(1) and (8)(b), in the right hand column, omit the second sentence (which makes provision about sole solicitor endorsement);
(iii)
in the entry for section 13B(6), in the right hand column, omit—
(aa)
“or from practice as a sole solicitor”; and
(bb)
“or suspension of a sole solicitor endorsement”;
(iv)
omit the whole of the entries for section 17A and section 17B;
(v)
in the entry for section 28(1)(c) to (d), in the right hand column, omit the second sentence (which makes provision about sole solicitor endorsement);
(vi)
in the entry for section 28(3B) to (3G), in the right hand column, omit the second and fourth sentences (which both make provision about sole solicitor endorsement); and
(vii)
in the entry for section 47, in the right hand column, omit the third sentence (which makes provision about suspension from practice as a sole solicitor) and the fourth sentence (which makes provision about sole solicitor endorsement).
This Order amends the Administration of Justice Act 1985 (c.61) (“the 1985 Act”) in order to make provision as to the regulation of sole solicitors’ practices. It also amends the provisions of the Solicitors Act 1974 (c.47) (“the 1974 Act”) relating to sole solicitors, and the provisions of the European Communities (Lawyer’s Practice) Regulations 2000 (S.I. 2000 No.1119) (“the 2000 Regulations”). Article 3, which implements those changes, comes into force on 1st November 2015 (other than for the purpose of making rules) (article 1). For the purpose of making rules, article 3 comes into force on 6th April 2015, together with the other provisions in this Order.
Article 3(1) and Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the Order amend section 9 of the 1985 Act (incorporated practices) to provide for the Law Society to make rules prescribing the circumstances in which a sole solicitor’s practice may be recognised as being suitable to undertake the provision of solicitor services or other relevant legal services, and makes further related amendments to the 1985 Act.
Article 3(1) of, and Part 1 of Schedule 1 to, the Order amend section 31 of the 1974 Act (rules as to professional practice, conduct and discipline) to require rules under that section to provide that a solicitor may not practise as a sole solicitor unless there is in force in relation to the sole solicitor’s practice a recognition under section 9 of the 1985 Act. It also repeals the provisions of the 1974 Act relating to sole solicitor endorsements on solicitors’ practising certificates and makes minor and consequential amendments to that Act. In addition paragraph 20(14) to (16) brings the arrangements for intervention in recognised bodies in which the sole solicitor manager dies or become incapacitated into line with the arrangements which will apply in comparable circumstances to recognised sole solicitors’ practices.
Article 3(2) of, and Schedule 2 to, the Order make consequential amendments to the 2000 Regulations (which regulate the practice of registered European lawyers).
The Order makes transitional provision in relation to sole solicitor endorsements (and, for registered European lawyers, sole practitioner endorsements) which are in force immediately before 1st November 2015. It provides for the practices of solicitors and registered European lawyers whose practising certificates are subject to such endorsements to be recognised under section 9 of the 1985 Act from 1st November 2015. It also provides for the Law Society to direct that recognition has effect subject to one or more conditions. By virtue of the Order such a condition is to be treated as having been imposed under section 9(2F) of the 1985 Act and so takes effect in accordance with Rules made by the Society under section 9(2I) of that Act. It also makes provision in relation to applications for such endorsements which have not been determined by the Law Society immediately before 1st November 2015 (articles 4 and 5).
An impact assessment has been prepared for this instrument and can be found at www.legislation.gov.uk or obtained from the Head of Legal Services Policy, Law and Access to Justice Group, Ministry of Justice, 102 Petty France, London, SW1H 9AJ.