Contracting authorities and utilities shall treat economic operators equally and without discrimination and shall act in a transparent and proportionate manner.

The design of the concession contract award procedure, including the estimate of the value, shall not be made with the intention of excluding it from the scope of these Regulations or of unduly favouring or disadvantaging certain economic operators or certain works, supplies or services.

During the concession contract award procedure, contracting authorities and utilities shall not provide information in a discriminatory manner which may give some candidates or tenderers an advantage over others.

Contracting authorities and utilities shall aim to ensure the transparency of the concession contract award procedure and of the performance of the contract, while complying with regulation 28.